NO891163L

NO891163L - DEVICE FOR TRANSPORT OF LIVING FISH.

Info

Publication number: NO891163L
Application number: NO89891163A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Ivar Johannesen
Original assignee: Ivar Johannesen
Priority date: 1989-03-17
Filing date: 1989-03-17
Publication date: 1990-10-23
Also published as: NO891163D0

Description

Oppfinnelsens bakgrunn. The background of the invention.

Oet foregår en betydelig transport av smolt og annen levende fisk. The oet carries out a significant transport of smolt and other live fish.

Tildels stor dødelighet forekommer under og etter slike transporter. Dødsårsakene kan grupperes i to hovedgrupper. Somewhat high mortality occurs during and after such transports. The causes of death can be grouped into two main groups.

1.Stress av forskjellig karakter som oppstår i transporttanken/laste- 1.Stress of a different nature that occurs in the transport tank/cargo

rommet pga.tetthet,bevegeIse,variabel G-påvirkning,surstoffmange1, the room due to density, movement, variable G influence, oxygen abundance1,

ubalanse mellom fiskens kroppsvesker ogtransportvannet(jone-vandring). 2.Smittsomme sykdommer,som fisken tar opp undervegs under transport.Latente sykdomer fra klekkeriet kan også bringes til utbrudd som folge av lang-varig og stressende transportsituasjon. imbalance between the fish's body bags and the transport water (ion migration). 2. Infectious diseases, which the fish pick up during transport. Latent diseases from the hatchery can also be brought to an outbreak as a result of long-lasting and stressful transport situations.

Transporten foregår i dag med brønnbåt,tankbil,helikopter "buckets" og Transport is currently carried out by well boat, tanker, helicopter "buckets" and

med fly. by plane.

a) Brønnbåt. a) Well boat.

Her pumpes sjøvann kontinuerlig gjennom lasterommet og ut i sjøen Here, seawater is continuously pumped through the hold and out into the sea

gjennom filtre.Bakterier i sjøen trekkes inn og tas opp av fisken. through filters. Bacteria in the sea are drawn in and taken up by the fish.

Dette gjelder:furunkulose,smittsom pankreasbetennelse,BKD(smittsom nyrebetennelse),Hitrasyke og en rekke andre vibriosevarianter. This applies to: furunculosis, infectious pancreatitis, BKD (infectious kidney inflammation), Hitrasyke and a number of other vibriosis variants.

Om båten fører en smittet last,eks.smolt,fra klekkeri til et oppdrettsanlegg 200 mil unna vil denne brønnbåten etterlate seg et like langt spor av infisert sjø.Naturlaks og oppdrettsanlegg blir på denne måten If the boat carries an infected cargo, e.g. smolt, from a hatchery to a farm 200 miles away, this well boat will leave an equally long trail of infected sea.

■smittet. ■infected.

Under stamping utsettes fisken i lasterpmmet for G-påvirkning med During tamping, the fish in the cargo room is exposed to G-impact with

hver bølgebevegelse.Denne påvirkningen øker med økende vannsøyle over fisken.Fiskens svømmeblære blir etterhvert tømt for gass,og fisken får problemer med å holde seg flytende i vannmassen.Den vil etterhvert få avskrapet økende mengde av skjellene og vil dø under transporten eller like etter utsett i mære,pga.infeksjoner og osmoseproblemer. every wave movement. This influence increases with increasing water column above the fish. The fish's swim bladder is eventually emptied of gas, and the fish has problems staying afloat in the water mass. It will eventually have an increasing amount of its scales scraped off and will die during transport or soon after in the mare, due to infections and osmosis problems.

b) Tankbil. b) Tank truck.

Her befinner fisken seg i reltivt stor tetthet.Ved lengre transporter Here the fish are in relatively high density. During longer transports

er det nødvendig å skifte vann i tankene.Dette er forbudt etter regel-verket pga.smittefaren til vassdrag og sjø.Tankbiltransport drives følgelig i dag enten ulovlig,eller over kortere distanser.Over høye fjelloverganger slipper fisken ut gass fra flyteblæra og påføres ofte samme skader som i brønnbåt,etter at bilen kommer ned i lavere terreng. is it necessary to change the water in the tanks. This is prohibited by the regulations due to the risk of contagion to waterways and the sea. Tanker transport is consequently operated today either illegally, or over shorter distances. Over high mountain passes, the fish release gas from the floatation bladder and are often applied to the same damage as in a well boat, after the car descends into lower terrain.

c) Helikopter. c) Helicopter.

Fisken,(smolt og yngel),utsettes for markerte trykkvariasjoner og vil The fish (smolts and fry) are exposed to marked pressure variations and will

allerede på ca.500 ft.avg^gass fra flyteblæra.Ved flyginger i store høyder vil fisken ta skade i blæra om helikoptret stiger for fort,eks med 500 - 1.000 ft./min.Dette er iblandt nødvendig av flytekniske grunner.Skaden oppstår ved at fisken ikke fort nok klarer å kvitte seg med gassen og gassutvidelsen sprenger flyteblæren. already at approx. 500 ft. gas from the floatation bladder. When flying at high altitudes, the fish will damage the bladder if the helicopter rises too fast, e.g. at 500 - 1,000 ft./min. This is sometimes necessary for aeronautical reasons. The damage occurs in that the fish cannot get rid of the gas quickly enough and the gas expansion bursts the floatation bladder.

Ved nedstigning har ikke fisken flyteevne og pakker seg ved bunnen. When descending, the fish has no buoyancy and packs itself at the bottom.

Dette medfører at endel av lasten ikke kommer til nok surstoffmettet transportvann,og dør eller får varige skader. This means that part of the cargo does not reach enough oxygen-saturated transport water, and dies or suffers permanent damage.

d) Fly. d) Aircraft.

Skadepåvirkning som ved helikoptertransport. Impact of damage as in helicopter transport.

Oppfinnelsens formål. Purpose of the invention.

Man tar sikte på å kunne fremstille transportsystem,som begrenser dødelig-het og andre uheldige konsekvenser,som påpekt under foregående punkter The aim is to be able to produce a transport system that limits mortality and other unfortunate consequences, as pointed out under previous points

a),b),c),d) og andre uspesifiserte,såkalte spontane,negative reaksjoner som oftest med stor dødelighet,uten at man kan finne annen årsak enn "transportstress" a), b), c), d) and other unspecified, so-called spontaneous, negative reactions, most often with high mortality, without any cause other than "transport stress" being found

Oppfinnelsen er gjennomprøvet,og har vist seg meget effektiv alle The invention has been tried and tested and has proven to be very effective

ovenfor nevnte transportsituasjoner.Forskning og utprøving har funnet sted for søkerens, regning ved SINTEF,Zologisk Institutt og Vanvouver University gjennom de siste 3-4 år.Ingen deler av oppfinnelsen har above-mentioned transport situations. Research and testing have taken place at the applicant's expense at SINTEF, Zoological Institute and Vanvouver University over the past 3-4 years. No parts of the invention have

vært offentliggjort eller offentlig fremvist. been published or publicly displayed.

Oppfinnelsens prinsipp. The principle of the invention.

Oppfinnelsen bygger på den nødvendighet som til enhver tid foreligger The invention is based on the necessity that exists at all times

ved transport av levende fisk,til å redusere stressnivået for fiskem så meget som mulig.Dette oppnås ved at man tilfører all fisk friskt, renset,oksygenert og rett temperert vann.Videre må fisken alltid under transporten skånes mot berøring av vegger,skott,stag,bunn og tak i det tank eller lasterom den fraktes i.Det gjelder særlig å forhindre at fisken berører bunnen pga.negativ boyancy,slik at den utsettes for mekanisk slitasje. when transporting live fish, to reduce the stress level for the fish as much as possible. This is achieved by supplying all fish with fresh, purified, oxygenated and properly tempered water. Furthermore, the fish must always be protected from touching walls, bulkheads, stanchions during transport , bottom and roof of the tank or hold in which it is transported. It is particularly important to prevent the fish from touching the bottom due to negative buoyancy, so that it is exposed to mechanical wear.

Videre må fisken skånes mot opphopninger i "klumper" av fisk under transport.Dette oppstår som en "skjul-reaksjon" hos fisken,og medfører surstoffmangel og mekanisk slitasje for de fiskene som trenges inne i sentrum av slik opphopning. Furthermore, the fish must be protected against accumulations in "lumps" of fish during transport. This occurs as a "hiding reaction" in the fish, and causes a lack of oxygen and mechanical wear for the fish that are forced into the center of such an accumulation.

Disse forhold overvinnes ved at det i tanken settes en rettet vann-strøm, som langsomt og med aktiv dobbeltvirkende pumpeeffekt,holder fisken "løftet" opp fra bunnen og i noen grad ledet bort fra sidene av transport-containeren^som heretter benyttes for alle nevnte innretn.). These conditions are overcome by putting a directed water flow in the tank, which slowly and with an active double-acting pump effect, keeps the fish "lifted" up from the bottom and to some extent led away from the sides of the transport container^which is then used for all the aforementioned furnishings.).

Denne effekt oppnås ved at man bygger inn i containeren en dobbeltbunn^Denne gis perforeringer,som dimmensjoneres etter de fiskeslag- This effect is achieved by building a double bottom into the container^This is provided with perforations, which are dimensioned according to the species of fish

og størrelser som skal transporteres;det mest praktiske er å dimmensjonere perforeringene etter minste aktuelle fiskeslag,om dette tilfredsstiller kravene til gjennomstrømmlighet. and sizes to be transported; the most practical thing is to dimension the perforations according to the smallest relevant fish species, if this satisfies the requirements for permeability.

I det rom^man derved får under dobbeltbunnen ledes vann fra pumpef^ In the space thus obtained under the double bottom, water is led from the pump

slik at vannet presses opp i tanken gjennom perforeringen,som dekker hele bunnens lengde og bredde.Dette "løfter" fisken og tilfører vann til all fisk over bunnen.For også å forhindre fisk fra å pakke seg ved containerens sider lpøyes dobbeltbunnen oppover sidene i ca.1/3 av containerens høydéfvann strømmer derved også inn i containerrommet J so that the water is forced up into the tank through the perforation, which covers the entire length and width of the bottom. This "lifts" the fish and supplies water to all the fish above the bottom. To also prevent fish from wrapping around the sides of the container, the double bottom is folded up the sides for approx. .1/3 of the container's high depth water thereby also flows into the container space J

fra sidene i det området mot bunnen hvor opphopning av fisk ærfarings-messig finner sted i tillegg til over selve bunnflaten. from the sides in the area towards the bottom where accumulation of fish, in terms of experience, takes place in addition to above the bottom surface itself.

Ved innpumping av vann på ovenfor beskrevne måte,vil vannet,ved et When pumping in water in the manner described above, the water will, at a

rent avrenningssystem stige mot tankens øvre vannspeil i svært ujevnt og turbulent strømningsbilde.Avrenning^ver kant i tankens øvre del, clean runoff system rise towards the tank's upper water level in a very uneven and turbulent flow pattern. Runoff^ver edge in the upper part of the tank,

vil kunne mate pumpen kontinuerlig,men.A.a la pumpen øve innsugings- will be able to feed the pump continuously, but.A.a let the pump practice suction

vakum i tankens øvre del,vil man i stor grad laminere vannstrømmen til en jevn,vertikalt stigende vannmasse uten turbulenser.Man arrangerer dette ved å anrette containeren med et innsugingskammer^i øvre del, vacuum in the upper part of the tank, you will largely laminate the water flow into a smooth, vertically rising mass of water without turbulence. This is arranged by arranging the container with a suction chamber^ in the upper part,

og i så stojéysisk utstrekning i horisontalplanet,som praktisk mulig. and in as much Stojéysian extent in the horizontal plane as is practically possible.

gigive

Dette lnnsugningskammer anordnes under containerens høyeste vannstand og kobles direkte til samme pumpe'^om forsyner tankens innpumpings-kammer^under dobbeltbunn. This suction chamber is arranged below the container's highest water level and is connected directly to the same pump that supplies the tank's pumping chamber under the double bottom.

Som en del. av vårt transportsystem er det utviklet en omfattende vannrensingsprosess,som besørger fullstendig og kontinuerlig rensing As a part. of our transport system, a comprehensive water purification process has been developed, which ensures complete and continuous purification

av vannmassen i containeren.Dette skjer via en egen avsugings- og inn-pumpingssløyfe.Denne prosessen er bygget opp av kjennte elementer,og er for så vidt uavhengig av denne patentsøknad.Det er,imidlertid,en nødvendig del av transportsystemet,som skal være helt lukket og uten behov for utskifting av vann undervegs.Systemet garanterer således mot spredning og opptak av smitte av noe slag undervegs fra leverandør til mottaker. of the mass of water in the container. This takes place via a separate suction and pumping-in loop. This process is built up from known elements, and is to this extent independent of this patent application. It is, however, a necessary part of the transport system, which must be completely closed and without the need for replacement of water en route. The system thus guarantees against the spread and absorption of infection of any kind en route from supplier to recipient.

Et element i systemet,som er med i patentsøknaden er utformingen av innsugningskamrene for de to typer by-pass,som er omtalt i det foregående . An element of the system, which is included in the patent application, is the design of the intake chambers for the two types of by-pass, which are discussed in the previous section.

Overflaten av innsugingskamrene,dvs.flaten inn mot vannmassen i containeren,må utformes på en slik måte at fisk ikke suges inntil og tetter åpningene.Disse flatene er forsynt med hull^som er plassert i bunnen av system av forhøyninger^og senkningef^i sugekamrenes overflate inn mot vannmassen i containeren. The surface of the suction chambers, i.e. the surface towards the water mass in the container, must be designed in such a way that fish are not sucked in and clog the openings. These surfaces are provided with holes^which are placed at the bottom of a system of elevations^and lowerings^in the suction chambers surface towards the water mass in the container.

Denne løsningen oppnås ved at: This solution is achieved by:

a) Platen^som skal perforeres anordnes med kuleformede hevninger og senkninger<Som paralell utforming kan nevnes formen av fiberbrett til a) The plate^which is to be perforated is arranged with ball-shaped elevations and depressions

pakking og transport av egg.I sammenheng med dette transportsystemet vil slik overflate best fremstilles i plastikk,aluminium eller stål. Perforeringen gjøres i "bunnen"mellom de opphøyede toppene,sett fra innsiden av containeren. packaging and transport of eggs. In connection with this transport system, such a surface would best be made of plastic, aluminum or steel. The perforation is made in the "bottom" between the raised tops, seen from the inside of the container.

- eller: - or:

b) Selve platen er flat og perforeres med ønsket hullstørrelse og innbyrdes avstand.På den siden som vender inn mot comtainerens rom b) The plate itself is flat and is perforated with the desired hole size and spacing. On the side facing the comtainer's room

festes polerte kulero, passende størrelse,i mønster,som vist på fig.4 og fig.5. attach polished kulero, suitable size, in a pattern, as shown in fig.4 and fig.5.

Ved begge disse løsninger vil fisk som kommer inntil utsugingskamrene kunne:svømme fritt forbi,uten på noe tidspunkt å bli sugd fast mot den perforerte overflateirfuansett strømningshastighet ut av containeren. Selv med store masser av fisk i et bestemt område av utsugingskamrene som midlertidig bremser opp gjennomstrømmingen vil alle hull i ut-sugingskamret være inntakt via a)rommet mellom høydetpppene og b)rommet mellom og bak kulene.Utsugingskamrene vil på denne måten alltid forbli utilstoppet av fisk og sikre konstant tilførsel av vann gjennom tanken på den måte som er beskrevet foran. With both of these solutions, fish that reach the extraction chambers will be able to: swim freely past, without at any point being sucked firmly against the perforated surface regardless of the flow rate out of the container. Even with large masses of fish in a certain area of the suction chambers that temporarily slow down the flow, all holes in the suction chamber will be occupied via a) the space between the height tips and b) the space between and behind the balls. The suction chambers will thus always remain unclogged by fish and ensure a constant supply of water through the tank in the manner described above.

Det har vært opservert gjentatte ganger at fisk søker sammen i et relativt begrenset område mot bunn av transportkontainere.Dette fører til It has been observed repeatedly that fish search together in a relatively limited area towards the bottom of transport containers. This leads to

at vekten og tettheten av slik opphopning av fisk fører til at innpumpet vann i dobbeltbunn kammer,som omtalt i det foregående,hindres i en jevn innstrømming i containeren derved at perforeringen i et vesentlig område av dobbeltbunnen tettes til og vannet søker til det område av bunn-perforeringer med minst motstand.Derved trenger lite eller ikke noe vann fra bunnen og inn i en slik opphopning av fisk. that the weight and density of such an accumulation of fish causes water pumped into the double-bottom chamber, as discussed above, to be prevented from a steady flow into the container, whereby the perforation in a significant area of the double bottom is blocked and the water seeks to that area of the bottom - perforations with the least resistance. As a result, little or no water penetrates from the bottom into such an accumulation of fish.

Ved slik tilstand vil den del av fiskmassen som er mest presset og inne-lukketkomme i surstoffmangel og mekanisk slitasje,og hurtig ta skade. In such a condition, the part of the fish mass that is most pressed and enclosed will suffer from a lack of oxygen and mechanical wear, and will quickly suffer damage.

Denne situasjonen oppstår særlig i containere med stort volum/stor bunn-flate i forhold til volumet.For å hindre slik ujevn tildeling av vann til containerens indre^inndeles rommet under dobbeltbunnen^i to eller flere innpumpingskammer,hvert forsynt med vann fra egen pumpe.Derved vil ingen ansamling av noe relativt stort omfang kunne forekomme mot bunnen, eller del av denne.Fig.6. This situation occurs particularly in containers with a large volume/large bottom surface in relation to the volume. To prevent such an uneven allocation of water to the interior of the container, the space under the double bottom is divided into two or more injection chambers, each supplied with water from its own pump. Thereby, no accumulation of any relatively large scale will be able to occur towards the bottom, or part of it. Fig.6.

Innsugning av vann til hver enkelt av disse pumpene kan uten problemer finne sted i ett og samme utsugingskammerfda opphopning av fisk ikke finner sted i tankens øverste del. The suction of water to each of these pumps can take place without any problems in one and the same suction chamber, as accumulation of fish does not take place in the upper part of the tank.

Claims

1. Device for transporting live fish, consisting of a container CHARACTERIZED in that it is equipped with a double bottom, of which the top bottom plate is perforated with holes throughout the length and width of the bottom.

2. Device for transporting live fish in accordance with claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the outer edges of the double bottom^! all directions are bent up the sides of the container up to 1/3 of the container's sides, so that the space^ between the inner and the outer bottom is extended up the sides of the container with the same perforations as the main surface of the double bottom^

3. Device for the transport of live fish in accordance with claims 1 and 2 CHARACTERIZED in that water is supplied to the space between the inner and outer bottom through a pipe^from a pumped corpse so that the water flows further into the container through the perforations.

4. Device for transporting live fish in accordance with requirements 1.2 and 3 CHARACTERIZED in that the container is equipped with a suction chamber^. the upper part of the tank, but below the relevant water level at all times, as large a horizontal extent as possible.

5. Device for the transport of live fish in accordance with requirements 1,2,3 and 4 CHARACTERIZED in that the inner flat fin of the extraction chamber against the inner space of the container^is arranged with alternating peaks^and depressions^whereas the lowest point of the depression forms an opening for a through hole- perforations^

6. Device for transporting dead fish in accordance with claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 CHARACTERIZED in that the arrangement of tops and countersinks mentioned under claim 5 can be replaced with polished balls attached to a DezÆored plate Adet the balls when placed in one of the two patterns shown, the fish creates a friction-free and suction-free surface, despite the large flow rate of the water mass.

7^Device for the transport of live fish in accordance with requirements 1,2,3.4 and 5 or ^CHARACTERIZED in that the extraction chamber^is connected by pipe^airdirectly to a pump^which pumps water into the container's lower space%through double bottoms, so that you get the same suction out of the upper part of the tank, as you have water pressure into its lower part; with the result that you get a well-laminated and turbulence-free mass of water in steady movement from the bottom to the upper part of the container, as a water piston suitable for holding fish even without buoyancy and with sinking tendencies and in accumulations, well supplemented with recycled water.

8. Device for the transport of live fish in accordance with requirements 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 and 7 STRAIGHT RISE. in that the space between the inner and outer bottom is divided by intermediate walls and thus forms individual injection chambers, each arranged with a separate water pipe for pumping in recycled water from its own pump circuit with suction from a suction chamber in the upper part of the container, so that fish accumulation over part of the bottom should not lead to the pumped-in mass of water seeking the path of least resistance in the uncovered part of the double bottom. Summary. Problems that arise when transporting live fish in a container, such as accumulation at the bottom or on part of the bottom, often lead to mechanical damage and/or lack of oxygen for the fish. By forcing a vertical flow of water, well laminated like a water piston through the fish mass, you lift the fish clear of the bottom with a fresh and renewed flow of water with plenty of oxygen at all times from a closed recycling system. The invention greatly contributes to reducing the fish's stress level during transport and facilitates the possibilities of survival in a closed transport system.