NO890580L - PROCEDURE FOR MAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE MATERIALS. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR MAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE MATERIALS.Info
- Publication number
- NO890580L NO890580L NO89890580A NO890580A NO890580L NO 890580 L NO890580 L NO 890580L NO 89890580 A NO89890580 A NO 89890580A NO 890580 A NO890580 A NO 890580A NO 890580 L NO890580 L NO 890580L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compound
- hydrogen
- heterocyclic ring
- membered heterocyclic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 13
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 10
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZOPTYGSWRGRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethanol;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.OCCNCCO HZOPTYGSWRGRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMXZBJKUSIYRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(CO)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 KMXZBJKUSIYRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPAZGLFMMUODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-nitro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2N=CNC2=C1 XPAZGLFMMUODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZTPOMIFAFKKSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-phosphonohydroxylamine Chemical compound NOP(O)(O)=O JZTPOMIFAFKKSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PVZNTMPKKNLIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino hydrogen sulfite Chemical compound NOS(O)=O PVZNTMPKKNLIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEUDGVUWMXAXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L bromo(chloro)silver Chemical compound Cl[Ag]Br ZEUDGVUWMXAXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJPXTSMULZANCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorohydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 AJPXTSMULZANCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N compound E Chemical compound N([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1)=O)C(=O)CC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005219 gentisic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroquinone methyl ether Natural products COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002541 isothioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004957 nitroimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoramidic acid Chemical compound NP(O)(O)=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Inorganic materials [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/18—Diazo-type processes, e.g. thermal development, or agents therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/30—Developers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte for fremkalling av fotografisk billedmateriale. The present invention relates to a method for developing photographic image material.
En stor andel av eksponert sort-hvitt billedmateriale fremkalles under betingelser med rødt lys inntil visuell inspeksjon viser at bildet er fremkalt tilstrekkelig. A large proportion of exposed black-and-white image material is developed under red light conditions until visual inspection shows that the image is sufficiently developed.
Når bildet fremkalles er, i et betydelig tidsrom, intet bilde synlig i materialet, deretter kommer det til syne et bilde som gradvis blir mørkere. Det er under denne perioden med mørkning at operatøren ønsker å undersøke bildet for å kunne stoppe fremkallingen dersom dette er ønsket før fullstendig fremkalling eller overfremkalling finner sted. Tidsrommet mellom plassering av det eksponerte billedmaterialet i fremkallingsoppløsningen og det øyeblikket hvor bildet først kommer til syne betegnes induksjonstiden. Det er meget ønskelig å ha en så kort induksjonsperiode som mulig for å spare operatøren for å inspisere blankt billedmateriale en viss tid. Det er tidligere funnet at det er mulig å redusere induksjonsperioden av noe eksponert billedmateriale ved å endre forholdet mellom sort-hvitt fremkallingsmidlene i fremkallingsoppløsningen. Slik prosess er beskrevet i britisk patentsøknad nr. 1 358 878. I visse anvendte sort-hvitt billedmaterialer kan imidlertid induksjonstiden ikke reduseres ved slike prosesser. When the image is developed, for a considerable period of time, no image is visible in the material, then an image appears which gradually darkens. It is during this period of blackout that the operator wants to examine the image in order to be able to stop the development if this is desired before complete development or overdevelopment takes place. The period of time between placing the exposed image material in the developing resolution and the moment when the image first comes into view is called the induction time. It is highly desirable to have as short an induction period as possible to save the operator a certain amount of time inspecting blank image material. It has previously been found that it is possible to reduce the induction period of some exposed image material by changing the ratio between the black and white developing agents in the developing solution. Such a process is described in British patent application no. 1 358 878. In certain used black-and-white image materials, however, the induction time cannot be reduced by such processes.
Det er nå funnet at når visse isotiouroniumforbindelser eller isotioureaforbindelser tilsettes til en sort-hvitt frem-kallingsoppløsning reduseres induksjonstiden for billedmaterialet som bearbeides i denne. It has now been found that when certain isothiouronium compounds or isothiourea compounds are added to a black-and-white developing solution, the induction time for the image material processed therein is reduced.
Isotiouroniumforbindelser har vært foreslått for anvendelse i et antall fotografiske prosesser og anordninger. F.eks. foreslås de benyttet som blekeakselleratorer i britisk patentskrift nr. 2 033 599, US-patentskrift nr. 4 458 010 og 4 596 764, japansk Kokai 85/76745. De foreslås anvendt som billed-stabilisatorer i US-patentskrift nr. 4 500 632 og som farge-intensiveringsmidler i US-patent nr. 4 469 780. Det er imidlertid ikke i noen av disse skriftene beskrevet eller antydet at isotiouroniumforbindelser kan virke som frem-kal lingsaksel ler at or er . Isothiouronium compounds have been proposed for use in a number of photographic processes and devices. E.g. they are proposed to be used as bleach accelerators in British Patent No. 2,033,599, US Patent No. 4,458,010 and 4,596,764, Japanese Kokai 85/76745. They are proposed to be used as image stabilizers in US patent document no. 4,500,632 and as color intensifiers in US patent no. 4,469,780. However, it is not described or suggested in any of these documents that isothiouronium compounds can act as kal lingaxel ler that or is .
I britisk patent nr. 1 067 958 beskrives fotografisk sølvhallogenidmateriale som, som sensibiliserende middel, innbefatter en kombinasjon av sensibilisatorer av to forskjellige typer. En type består av enten (a) kvaternære ammoniumforbindelser inneholdende cyanoetoksyalkylgrupper eller (b) svovel-substituerte tiouroniumforbindelser som også betegnes isotiouroniumforbindelser. Den andre gruppen består av polyetylenglykolestere enten av pentaerytritolestere av fosforsyre eller av amidofosforsyre. Forbindelsene som benyttes i fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er beskrvet og definert i GB-1 067 958. British Patent No. 1,067,958 describes photographic silver halide material which, as sensitizing agent, includes a combination of sensitizers of two different types. One type consists of either (a) quaternary ammonium compounds containing cyanoethoxyalkyl groups or (b) sulfur-substituted thiouronium compounds which are also termed isothiouronium compounds. The second group consists of polyethylene glycol esters either of pentaerythritol esters of phosphoric acid or of amidophosphoric acid. The compounds used in the method according to the invention are described and defined in GB-1 067 958.
Det er ikke noe sted i GB-1 067 958 vist at induksjonstiden for billedmaterialet som inneholder disse sensibilisatorene reduseres. Fig. 5 angis å vise at en av sensibilisatorene kan være tilstede i fremkal1ingsoppløsningen, men det viser ikke anvendelsen av isotiouroniumforbindelser i en frem-kal lingsopplø sn ing. Nowhere in GB-1 067 958 is it shown that the induction time of the image material containing these sensitizers is reduced. Fig. 5 is shown to show that one of the sensitizers may be present in the developing solution, but it does not show the use of isothiouronium compounds in a developing solution.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer følgelig en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av fotografisk eksponert sølv-hallogenid-fotografisk billedmateriale som innbefatter behandling av det eksponerte billedmaterialet med en vandig oppløsning av en super-additiv blanding av sort-hvitt sølvhallogenid-fremkallingsmidler og en isotiouronium eller isotioureaforbindelse av generell formel I: hvor T er en tertiær aminogruppe av formelen = N - Rj_ eller er en kvaternær ammoniumgruppe Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the production of photographically exposed silver halide photographic image material which comprises treating the exposed image material with an aqueous solution of a super-additive mixture of black-white silver halide developers and an isothiouronium or isothiourea compound of general formula I : where T is a tertiary amino group of the formula = N - Rj_ or is a quaternary ammonium group
eller hver av R-^, R2 , R3og R4er et hydrogenatom eller en alkylgruppe eller R^og R2og/eller R4og R3representerer sammen atomene som er nødvendige for å fullføre en femleddet eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring, eller R^, R3og R4representerer sammen atomene som er nødvendige for å fullføre en femleddet eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring, or each of R-^, R2, R3 and R4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or R^ and R2 and/or R4 and R3 together represent the atoms necessary to complete a five-membered or six-membered heterocyclic ring, or R^, R3 and R4 together represent the atoms which are necessary to complete a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring,
Q er en tertiær aminogruppe av formelenQ is a tertiary amino group of the formula
hvori R5og Rfc hegge er et hydrogenatom eller en alkylgruppe eller representerer sammen atomene som er nødvendige for å fullføre en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring eller en kvaternært ammoniumsalt av formelen wherein R 5 and R fc together are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or together represent the atoms necessary to complete a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring or a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula
hvori hver av R7, Rg eller Rg er et hydrogenatom eller en alkylgruppe eller hvori to av R7, Rg og Rg eller alle tre av Ry, Rg og Rg står for atomene som er nødvendige for å fullføre en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring og X" er et anion og L er en forbindende gruppe. wherein each of R7, Rg or Rg is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or wherein two of R7, Rg and Rg or all three of Ry, Rg and Rg represent the atoms necessary to complete a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring and X " is an anion and L is a linking group.
Det er et viktig trekk ved foreliggende oppfinnelse at ingen polyetylenglykolestere hverken av pentaerytritolestere av fosforsyre eller av aminofosforsyre er tilstede i det sølvhallogenid-fotografiske materialet eller i frem-kallingsoppløsningen, idet uønskede sensitometriske effekter observeres dersom de er tilstede. It is an important feature of the present invention that no polyethylene glycol esters either of pentaerythritol esters of phosphoric acid or of aminophosphoric acid are present in the silver halide photographic material or in the developing solution, unwanted sensitometric effects being observed if they are present.
I forbindelsene av generell formel I betegner substituentene T og Q en tertiær aminogruppe av formelen = N - R]_ eller en kvaternær ammoniumgruppe av formelen [= N<+>R^Rg] X. R^og Rg i disse formlene er hydrogen eller alkyl. Foretrukne alkylgrupper inneholder 1 til 6 karbonatomer, så som metyl, etyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl og heksyl så vel som forgrenede isomerer derav. R^og Rg danner sammen med nitrogenatomet hvortil de er bundet en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring, så som pyrolidin, piperidin og morfolin. In the compounds of general formula I, the substituents T and Q denote a tertiary amino group of the formula = N - R]_ or a quaternary ammonium group of the formula [= N<+>R^Rg] X. R^ and Rg in these formulas are hydrogen or alkyl. Preferred alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl as well as branched isomers thereof. R^ and Rg together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring, such as pyrrolidine, piperidine and morpholine.
R3og R4betegner hydrogen eller alkyl. Alkylgrupper inneholdende 1 til 4 karbonatomer som angitt ovenfor er foretrukne. R3 and R4 denote hydrogen or alkyl. Alkyl groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms as indicated above are preferred.
Videre danner Rg og R3sammen med nitrogenatomet som de er bundet til en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring, egnede eksempler på slike ringer er angitt ovenfor. Furthermore, R 8 and R 3 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring, suitable examples of such rings being indicated above.
Det er også mulig at R^ , R3og R4sammen representerer atomene som er nødvendige for å fullføre en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring, så som piperidin. It is also possible that R 1 , R 3 and R 4 together represent the atoms necessary to complete a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring, such as piperidine.
Q er en tertiær aminogruppe av formelen -NR5R5, hvor R5og R^er hydrogen eller alkyl, fortrinnsvis inneholder de ovenfor nevnte alkylgruppene 1 til 6 karbonatomer. Videre kan R5og Rfc representere atomene som er nødvendige for å fullføre en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring som nevnt ovenfor ved definisjonene av R^og Rg. Alternativt betegner 0 en kvaternær ammoniumgruppe av formelen [-N<+>Ry Rg Rg] X~, hvor R7, Rg og Rg uavhengig av hverandre er hydrogen eller alkyl, fortrinnsvis de ovenfor omtalte alkylgruppene inneholder 1 til 6 karbonatomer. Q is a tertiary amino group of the formula -NR 5 R 5 , where R 5 and R 5 are hydrogen or alkyl, preferably the above-mentioned alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Furthermore, R 5 and R 5 may represent the atoms necessary to complete a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring as mentioned above by the definitions of R 5 and R 8 . Alternatively, 0 denotes a quaternary ammonium group of the formula [-N<+>Ry Rg Rg] X~, where R7, Rg and Rg are independently hydrogen or alkyl, preferably the alkyl groups mentioned above contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
To eller alle tre av R7, Rg og Rg kan fullføre en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring så som pyridin. Two or all three of R7, Rg and Rg may complete a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring such as pyridine.
Det er mest foretrukket at R-^, Rg, R3og R4alle er hydrogenatomer . It is most preferred that R 1 , R 8 , R 3 and R 4 are all hydrogen atoms.
Ettersom isotiouroniumforbindelsene må være vannoppløselige er fortrinnsvis eventuelle alkylgrupper som er tilstede i forbindelsen lavere alkylgrupper, dvs. alkylgrupper inneholdende fra 1 til 6 karbonatomer. As the isothiouronium compounds must be water-soluble, any alkyl groups present in the compound are preferably lower alkyl groups, i.e. alkyl groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Den foretrukne alkylgruppen er metyl.The preferred alkyl group is methyl.
Fortrinnsvis er L en alkylen eller avbrutt alkylenkjede, dvs. en alkylkjede avbrutt av f.eks. -0- eller -NH-. Preferably, L is an alkylene or interrupted alkylene chain, i.e. an alkyl chain interrupted by e.g. -0- or -NH-.
Spesielt egnede forbindende grupper L er -(CHg^g og -(CHg-)^.Particularly suitable connecting groups L are -(CHg^g and -(CHg-)^.
De foretrukne forbindelsene av formel I for anvendelse i fremgangsmåten ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er forbindelse A av formelen: The preferred compounds of formula I for use in the method according to the present invention are compound A of the formula:
forbindelse B av formel og forbindelse C av formelen compound B of formula and compound C of formula
Betegnelsen superadditivblanding av fremkallingsmidler betyr en blanding av to sort-hvitt fremkallingsmidler som viser en større aktivitet enn summen av aktivitetene av de to fremkallingsmidlene anvendt alene. Denne betegnelsen er beskrevet i "Photographic Processing Chemistry" av L.F.A Mason, Focal Press publisert i 1975, s. 29 og 105 til 108. Videre er superadditivblandinger beskrevet i denne boken. The term superadditive mixture of developing agents means a mixture of two black-and-white developing agents which shows a greater activity than the sum of the activities of the two developing agents used alone. This designation is described in "Photographic Processing Chemistry" by L.F.A Mason, Focal Press published in 1975, pp. 29 and 105 to 108. Furthermore, superadditive mixtures are described in this book.
De mest nyttige superadditivblandingene av fremkallingsmidler for anvendelse ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er hydrokinon eller en substituert hydrokinon, så som klorhydrokinon, metylhydrokinon eller gentisinsyre sammen med enten et 1- fenyl-3-pyrazolidin fremkallingsmiddel eller et para-aminofenol fremkal1ingsmiddel. The most useful superadditive mixtures of developers for use in the present invention are hydroquinone or a substituted hydroquinone, such as chlorohydroquinone, methylhydroquinone or gentisic acid together with either a 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidine developer or a para-aminophenol developer.
l-fenyl-3-pyrazolidinon forbindelsene av spesiell anvendelse har formel II: The l-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone compounds of particular use have formula II:
hvori R21er hydrogen, metyl eller etyl, R22er hydrogen, metyl eller -CH2OH og R23er hydrogen, metyl eller etyl. wherein R21 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R22 is hydrogen, methyl or -CH2OH and R23 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
Para-aminofenolforbindelsene av spesiell anvendelse har formel III: The para-aminophenolic compounds of particular use have formula III:
hvori HX er en syre og R31og R32er begge hydrogen, alkyl, hydroksyalkyl eller substituert alkyl, eller R31ogR32står sammen for atomene som er påkrevet for å danne en fem- eller seksleddet heterocyklisk ring. Egnede fem- eller seksleddede wherein HX is an acid and R 31 and R 32 are both hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or substituted alkyl, or R 31 and R 32 together represent the atoms required to form a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring. Suitable five- or six-jointed
heterocykliske ringer innbefatter pyrolidin, piperidin og morfolin. heterocyclic rings include pyrrolidine, piperidine and morpholine.
Den foretrukne forbindelsen er den hvori R31er CH3og R32er hydrogen. Dette er det meget velkjente sort-hvitt fremkallingsmidlet metol. The preferred compound is that in which R 31 is CH 3 and R 32 is hydrogen. This is the very well-known black-and-white developing agent metol.
Visse para-aminofenolderivater finner også anvendelse. Forbindelser av begge disse typene er beskrevet på s. 76 og 77 i den ovenfor omtalte booken til Mason. Certain para-aminophenol derivatives also find use. Connections of both these types are described on pp. 76 and 77 of the above-mentioned book by Mason.
Sekundære sølvhallogenid-fremkallingsmidler kan også være tilstede, f.eks. askorbinsyre. Secondary silver halide developers may also be present, e.g. ascorbic acid.
Det skal understrekes at den vandige oppløsningen som Innbefatter super-additivblandingen av sort-hvitt fremkallingsmidler og isotiouroniumforbindelsen kan innbefatte alle de vanlige bestanddelene som er tilstede i en sort-hvitt sølvhallogenid-f remkallingsoppløsning. It should be emphasized that the aqueous solution containing the super-additive mixture of black and white developers and the isothiouronium compound may include all of the usual components present in a black and white silver halide developing solution.
F.eks. har oppløsningen fortrinnsvis en pH i området fra 9,5 til 11,5. Mest foretrukket er natrium- eller kaliumhydroksyd tilstede i oppløsningen for å tilveiebringe denne pH. E.g. the solution preferably has a pH in the range from 9.5 to 11.5. Most preferably, sodium or potassium hydroxide is present in the solution to provide this pH.
Fortrinnsvis inneholder oppløsningen en pH-puffer for å holde pH i det foretrukne området. Eksempler på egnede buffer-stoffer er metallkarbonater, bikarbonater, borater, meta-borater og fosfater. Fortrinnsvis er metallene som er tilstede natrium eller kalium. Preferably, the solution contains a pH buffer to maintain the pH in the preferred range. Examples of suitable buffer substances are metal carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, meta-borates and phosphates. Preferably, the metals present are sodium or potassium.
Mest foretrukket innbefatter oppløsningen et sulfit, f.eks. natriumsulfit eller et aminosulfit, f.eks. dietanolamino-sulfit. Sulfitet er tilstede både som en beskyttelse mot luftoksydasjon og for å fremme superadditiv-virkningen av detilstedeværende fremkallingsmidlene. Fortrinnsvis er mengden sulfition tilstede i oppløsningen fra 2 til 80 g/liter av fremkallingsoppløsningen. Most preferably, the solution includes a sulfite, e.g. sodium sulphite or an amino sulphite, e.g. diethanolaminosulphite. The sulfite is present both as a protection against air oxidation and to promote the superadditive action of the developing agents present. Preferably, the amount of sulfite ion present in the solution is from 2 to 80 g/liter of the developing solution.
Fortrinnsvis er en kilde for bromidion tilstede i frem-kal 1 ingsoppløsningen . Ofte er natrium- eller kaliumbromid tilstede, men et aminbromid, f.eks. dietanolaminhydrobromid, kan anvendes. Preferably, a source of bromide ion is present in the developing solution. Often sodium or potassium bromide is present, but an amine bromide, e.g. diethanolamine hydrobromide, can be used.
Fortrinnsvis anvendes et fremkallings-antisløringsmiddel. Eksempler på egnede anti-sløringsmidler innbefatter ben-zotriazol, 5-metylbenzotriazol, fenylmerkaptotetrazol og nitroimidazoler, f.eks. 6-nitrobenzimidazol. Preferably, a developing anti-blurring agent is used. Examples of suitable anti-fogging agents include benzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole, phenylmercaptotetrazole and nitroimidazoles, e.g. 6-nitrobenzimidazole.
Anti-utfellings- og isoleringsmidler kan være tilstede, f.eks. komplekse fosfater og polyfosfater, aminokarboksyl-syrer, f.eks. E.D.T.A. og organofosforforbindelser. Anti-precipitating and insulating agents may be present, e.g. complex phosphates and polyphosphates, aminocarboxylic acids, e.g. E.D.T.A. and organophosphorus compounds.
Vann-blandbare oppløsningsmidler så som etylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, etylenglykolmonomtyleter og etylenglykolmonoetyleter kan være tilstede, så vel som aminer eller etanolaminer. Slike forbindelser kan benyttes for å fremme oppløseligheten av fremkal1ingsmidlene som benyttes, eller i tilfellet aminer og etanolaminer som buffer-fremmende additiver. Water-miscible solvents such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether may be present, as well as amines or ethanolamines. Such compounds can be used to promote the solubility of the developing agents used, or in the case of amines and ethanolamines as buffer-promoting additives.
Andre additiver er i visse tilfeller tilstede, men listen er i dette tilfellet ikke ment å være fullstendig, disse midlene innbefatter overflateaktive midler, anti-skummemidler, gelatin-herdemidler, viskositetsforhøyende midler og optiske lysningsmidler. Other additives are in some cases present, but the list in this case is not intended to be complete, these agents include surfactants, antifoams, gelatin curing agents, viscosity increasing agents and optical brighteners.
Bearbeidelsesoppløsningen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er mest effektiv når det fotografiske billedmaterialet som den benyttes med som basis for sølvhallogenid-emulsjonen har en polyetylen-belagt papirbasis. The processing solution according to the present invention is most effective when the photographic image material with which it is used as a base for the silver halide emulsion has a polyethylene-coated paper base.
Bearbeidelsesoppløsningen som benyttes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er funnet å være mest effektiv for reduksjon av fremkallings-induksjonstiden, når en såkalt fortynnet fremkallingsoppløsning, som ofte benyttes for fremkalling av billedmateriale, anvendes. I såkalte fortynnede frem-kallingsoppløsninger er den samlede vekten av frem-kal 1 ingsmidlene som er tilstede fra 1 til 17 g/liter f remkallIngsoppløsning. The processing solution used according to the present invention has been found to be most effective for reducing the development induction time, when a so-called diluted development solution, which is often used for developing image material, is used. In so-called diluted developing solutions, the total weight of the developing agents present is from 1 to 17 g/liter of developing solution.
Den mest foretrukne superadditivkombinasjonen av fremkallingsmidler er hydrokinon og 4-metyl, 4-hydroksymetyl-l-fenyl-3-pyrazolidinon. Fortrinnsvis er mengden av hydrokinon som benyttes 1 til 15 g/liter, og mengden av pyrazolidinon som benyttes er fra 0,05 til 2,0 g/liter. Det foretrukne forholdet mellom hydrokinon og pyrazolidinon er fra 1:50 til 1:5. The most preferred superadditive combination of developers is hydroquinone and 4-methyl, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone. Preferably, the amount of hydroquinone used is 1 to 15 g/liter, and the amount of pyrazolidinone used is from 0.05 to 2.0 g/liter. The preferred ratio of hydroquinone to pyrazolidinone is from 1:50 to 1:5.
Den foretrukne mengden isotiouroniumforbindelse som er tilstede i fremkallingsoppløsningen er fra 0,001 til 5 g/liter. The preferred amount of isothiouronium compound present in the developing solution is from 0.001 to 5 g/liter.
Imidlertid har de tre foretrukne isotiouroniumforbindelsene, forbindelser A, B og C relativt forskjellige aktiviteter. Følgelig er det foretrukne området for forbindelse A fra 0,005 til 0,05 g/liter. Det foretrukne området for forbindelse B er fra 0,1 til 1,0 g/liter, og det foretrukne området for forbindelse C er fra 0,5 til 1,5 g/liter. However, the three preferred isothiouronium compounds, compounds A, B and C have relatively different activities. Accordingly, the preferred range for compound A is from 0.005 to 0.05 g/liter. The preferred range for compound B is from 0.1 to 1.0 g/liter, and the preferred range for compound C is from 0.5 to 1.5 g/liter.
Det etterfølgende eksempelet vil tjene til å illustrere oppfinnelsen. The following example will serve to illustrate the invention.
EksempelExample
En gelatin-sølvklor-bromidemulsjon inneholdende 55 mol-% sølvklorid og 45 mol-% sølvbromid og av midlere krystall-størrelse 0,31 pm ble fremstilt ved å anvende de kontrollerte krystallteknikkene beskrevet i britisk patentskrift A gelatin silver chloride bromide emulsion containing 55 mol % silver chloride and 45 mol % silver bromide and of average crystal size 0.31 µm was prepared using the controlled crystal techniques described in British Pat.
nr. 1 335 925. Denne emulsjon ble avsaltet og kjemisk sensibilisert ved tilsats av natriumtiosulfat etterfulgt av kjemisk modning ved 55°C inntil de optimale nivåene for hastighet og kontrast ble oppnådd. No. 1,335,925. This emulsion was desalted and chemically sensitized by the addition of sodium thiosulfate followed by chemical aging at 55°C until the optimum levels of speed and contrast were achieved.
Emulsjonen ble deretter belagt på polyetylen-laminert paplrbasis og tørket. The emulsion was then coated on a polyethylene-laminated paper base and dried.
Det belagte papirmaterlalet ble deretter skåret 1 bånd, og hvert av disse båndene ble deretter billedmessig eksponert og bearabeidet ved først å anvende en fremkallingsoppløsning av den grunnleggende sammensetningen: The coated paper stock was then cut into 1 ribbon, and each of these ribbons was then image-exposed and processed by first applying a developing solution of the basic composition:
Følgende fremkallingsoppløsninger ble fremstilt. The following developing solutions were prepared.
Som et sammenlignende forsøk ble to forbindelser som har vært foreslått for anvendelse i fotografiske fremkallings-oppløsninger , av ikke ulik molekylformel sammenlignes med isotiouroniumforbindelsene, også undersøkt som frem-kal lingsakse 11 er at or er . As a comparative experiment, two compounds that have been proposed for use in photographic developing solutions, of not dissimilar molecular formula compared to the isothiouronium compounds, were also examined as developing axis 11 is that or is .
Disse var forbindelse D av formelen These were compound D of the formula
som er beskrevet i US-patent nr. 4 469 780, som benyttes i et farge-intensiverende bad og forbindelse E av formelen which is described in US Patent No. 4,469,780, which is used in a color-intensifying bath and compound E of the formula
som er beskrevet i US-patent nr. 4 500 632 som en emulsjons-sensibilisator. which is described in US Patent No. 4,500,632 as an emulsion sensitizer.
Følgelig omfattet fremkaller E 0,1 g av forbindelse IV pr. liter, Consequently, developer E comprised 0.1 g of compound IV per liter,
og fremkaller F omfattet 0,1 g av forbindelse V pr. liter.and inducer F comprised 0.1 g of compound V per litres.
Et bånd av billedmaterialet fremstilt og billedmessig eksponert som beskrevet ovenfor, ble bearbeidet i hver av fremkallingsoppløsningene A til F, og tidsrommet i sekunder til bildet først kom til syne, induksjonstiden, ble regi-strert for alle fremkallingsoppløsningene. Båndene ble deretter holdt I fremkal1ingsoppløsningen i 1 minutt, hvilket var tilstrekkelig tid til at det ble oppnådd et fullstendig fremkalt bilde. A band of the image material produced and imagewise exposed as described above was processed in each of the developing resolutions A to F, and the time in seconds until the image first appeared, the induction time, was recorded for all the developing resolutions. The strips were then held in the developing solution for 1 minute, which was sufficient time for a fully developed image to be obtained.
Alle båndene ble deretter fiksert i et fikserIngsbad, ved 20°C i 30 sekunder, av følgende sammensetning: All bands were then fixed in a fixing bath, at 20°C for 30 seconds, of the following composition:
Omfanget av slør som var tilstede 1 hvert hilde hie målt, på samme måte som kontrasten for hvert hilde. Dette fordi visse av forbindelsene som tidligere er foreslått anvendt som fremkallingsakselleratorer har forårsaket uakseptable økninger i slør eller uakseptable tap av kontrast målt mot en standard. The extent of veiling present in each hilde was measured, as was the contrast for each hilde. This is because certain of the compounds previously proposed to be used as development accelerators have caused unacceptable increases in blur or unacceptable loss of contrast measured against a standard.
Resultatene er angitt i tabellen nedenfor.The results are shown in the table below.
Ved anvendelse av alle de tre foretrukne fremkal1ings-akselleratorene oppnås det følgelig en betydelig reduksjon av induksjonstiden. I tilfellet forbindelser A og B (frem-kallingsoppløsning B og C) ble det ikke observert noen økning I sløring, men i tilfellet forbindelse C (fremkallings-oppløsning) ble det observert en meget liten økning i slørdannelsen. Ved anvendelse av alle tre forbindelser er det meget lite tap av kontrast. By using all three preferred development accelerators, a significant reduction of the induction time is consequently achieved. In the case of compounds A and B (developing solution B and C), no increase in blurring was observed, but in the case of compound C (developing solution) a very small increase in blurring was observed. When using all three compounds, there is very little loss of contrast.
I tilfellet med de to sammenlignende forbindelsene D og E (fremkallingsoppløsninger E og F) er det ingen reduksjon i induksjonstiden, men derimot en økning, videre opptrer et betydelig tap i kontrast. In the case of the two comparative compounds D and E (developing solutions E and F) there is no reduction in the induction time, but instead an increase, furthermore a significant loss in contrast occurs.
Claims (10)
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| GB888803281A GB8803281D0 (en) | 1988-02-12 | 1988-02-12 | Development accelerators |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0622670A1 (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1994-11-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Photographic silver halide developer compositions and process for forming photographic silver images |
| KR101712729B1 (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2017-03-07 | 현대로템 주식회사 | Circuit of power supply for engine warming system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1189381B (en) * | 1963-10-12 | 1965-03-18 | Agfa Ag | Methods of increasing the sensitivity of photographic silver halide emulsions |
| BE790882A (en) * | 1971-11-03 | 1973-05-03 | Ilford Ltd | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PHOTOGRAPHIC PROOF WITH WHICH THE INDUCTION PERIOD IN THE DEVELOPER IS NOTABLY SHORTEN |
| DE3203661A1 (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1982-09-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa | METHOD FOR FORMING A PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE |
| EP0226184A3 (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1988-11-09 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Nucleation development control agent for photographic silver halide materials and processes |
-
1988
- 1988-02-12 GB GB888803281A patent/GB8803281D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-02-02 EP EP89810089A patent/EP0330608A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-02-10 ZA ZA891054A patent/ZA891054B/en unknown
- 1989-02-10 PT PT89691A patent/PT89691A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-02-10 AU AU29851/89A patent/AU2985189A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-02-10 DK DK062189A patent/DK62189A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-02-10 BR BR898900608A patent/BR8900608A/en unknown
- 1989-02-10 NO NO89890580A patent/NO890580L/en unknown
- 1989-02-10 FI FI890644A patent/FI890644A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-02-11 KR KR1019890001570A patent/KR890013522A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-02-13 JP JP1031287A patent/JPH01246543A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA891054B (en) | 1989-12-27 |
| FI890644A (en) | 1989-08-13 |
| DK62189A (en) | 1989-08-13 |
| KR890013522A (en) | 1989-09-23 |
| AU2985189A (en) | 1989-08-17 |
| DK62189D0 (en) | 1989-02-10 |
| PT89691A (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| EP0330608A2 (en) | 1989-08-30 |
| FI890644A0 (en) | 1989-02-10 |
| JPH01246543A (en) | 1989-10-02 |
| EP0330608A3 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
| BR8900608A (en) | 1989-10-10 |
| GB8803281D0 (en) | 1988-03-09 |
| NO890580D0 (en) | 1989-02-10 |
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