NO873531L - BASIC LIQUID FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIQUIDS FOR USE IN THE EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM EVENTS. - Google Patents
BASIC LIQUID FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIQUIDS FOR USE IN THE EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM EVENTS.Info
- Publication number
- NO873531L NO873531L NO87873531A NO873531A NO873531L NO 873531 L NO873531 L NO 873531L NO 87873531 A NO87873531 A NO 87873531A NO 873531 A NO873531 A NO 873531A NO 873531 L NO873531 L NO 873531L
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- Prior art keywords
- propanediol
- liquids
- water
- preparation
- fluid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002579 anti-swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-DYCDLGHISA-N deuterium hydrogen oxide Chemical compound [2H]O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-DYCDLGHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000269 smectite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
- C09K8/34—Organic liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
En basisvæske bestående av 1,2-propandiol (propylenglykol) som, eventuelt i blanding med andre væsker, kan benyttes som utgangspunkt for tilberedelse av forskjellige væsker som har sin anvendelse ved boring, komplettering, overhaling og stimulering av brønner boret etter petroleumforekomster. Derved reduseres svellingen av leirmineraler i de penetrerte bergarter samtidig som uheldige miljømessige konsekvenser assosiert med bruk av andre vanlig benyttede væsker unngås.Basisvæsken består av 5-100, fortrinnsvis 25-70 vol% av 1,2-propandiol (propylenglykol).A base fluid consisting of 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol) which, optionally in admixture with other liquids, can be used as a starting point for the preparation of various liquids which have their use in drilling, completion, overhaul and stimulation of wells drilled for petroleum deposits. This reduces the swelling of clay minerals in the penetrated rocks while avoiding adverse environmental consequences associated with the use of other commonly used liquids. The base liquid consists of 5-100, preferably 25-70 vol% of 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol).
Description
Ved utvinning av petroleumforekomster benyttes generelt en rekke forskjellige væsker med ulike funksjonelle betegnelser. Eksempler på slike betegnelser er: borevæske (boreslam), When extracting petroleum deposits, a number of different liquids with different functional designations are generally used. Examples of such designations are: drilling fluid (drilling mud),
sement, kompletteringsvæske, pakningsvæske, perforeringsvæske, gruskastningsvæske, syrebehandlingsvæske og oppsprekkingsvæske. Disse væskene består av en basisvæske, som vanligvis utgjør størstedelen av det totale volum, tilsatt forskjellige komponenter. cement, completion fluid, packing fluid, perforating fluid, gravel throwing fluid, acid treatment fluid and fracturing fluid. These liquids consist of a base liquid, which usually makes up the majority of the total volume, with various components added.
Som basismateriale for de ulike funksjonelle typer væsker anvendes i dag enten vann, olje eller emulsjoner mellom disse i varierende forhold. Today, either water, oil or emulsions between these in varying proportions are used as the base material for the various functional types of liquids.
Med vann menes her enten vann fra naturlig forekomst, så som ferskvann, brakkvann eller sjøvann, eller vann som er spesielt renset gjennom prosesser som eksempelvis filtrering, ionebytting eller destillasjon. Med olje menes her råolje eller ulike fraksjoner av denne, med eller uten modifikasjoner. Typiske produkter for de aktuelle anvendelser omfatter dieselolje ("Fuel Oil No. 2") og spesielt lav-aromatiske fraksjoner, enten overveiende paraffiniske eller overveiende nafteniske. By water here is meant either water from a natural occurrence, such as fresh water, brackish water or seawater, or water that has been specially purified through processes such as filtration, ion exchange or distillation. By oil is meant here crude oil or various fractions thereof, with or without modifications. Typical products for the relevant applications include diesel oil ("Fuel Oil No. 2") and especially low-aromatic fractions, either predominantly paraffinic or predominantly naphthenic.
I tillegg er det kjent, fra Larson, D.E. & al.: "Nonpolluting Drilling Fluid Composition and Concentrate therefore", U.K. Pat. GB 2.084.632 A, at animalske og/eller vegetabilske oljer, som i overveiende grad utgjøres av triglyse-rider, kan anvendes som basismateriale for enkelte av de ulike funksjonelle typer væsker. In addition, it is known, from Larson, D.E. & al.: "Nonpolluting Drilling Fluid Composition and Concentrate Therefore", U.K. Pat. GB 2,084,632 A, that animal and/or vegetable oils, which predominantly consist of triglycerides, can be used as a base material for some of the various functional types of liquids.
Av svakhetene som normalt opptrer i forbindelse med vannbaserte væskesystemer kan spesielt nevnes: Mange av de formasjoner som blir penetrert av en brønn boret etter petroleumforekomster inneholder mineraler som ikke er inerte overfor vann. Dette gjelder spesielt enkelte leirmineraler som går under fellesbetegnelsen svellende leire. Dette omfatter de fleste substituerte medlemmer av smektitt-gruppen. Of the weaknesses that normally occur in connection with water-based fluid systems, the following can be particularly mentioned: Many of the formations that are penetrated by a well drilled for petroleum deposits contain minerals that are not inert to water. This applies in particular to certain clay minerals that go under the collective term swelling clay. This includes most substituted members of the smectite group.
Bergarter som inneholder slike mineraler vil vise tendens til svelling ved kontakt med vannbaserte væskesystemer. Dette gir seg utslag på to forskjellige måter: Rocks containing such minerals will show a tendency to swell when in contact with water-based fluid systems. This manifests itself in two different ways:
Svelling av formasjonen i hullveggen.Swelling of the formation in the hole wall.
Desintegrering av borekaks under transport til overflaten. Disintegration of drill cuttings during transport to the surface.
Et annet problem ved vannbaserte væsker kan være at det kreves stor innsats for å holde stabile egenskaper. Her kreves ofte betydelig bruk av kjemikalier for vedlikehold, noe som også bidrar til å øke omkostningene. Another problem with water-based liquids can be that a great deal of effort is required to maintain stable properties. Here, considerable use of chemicals is often required for maintenance, which also contributes to increasing costs.
Vannbaserte væskesystemer som anvendes ved komplettering, overhaling og stimulering av hydrokarbonførende brønner kan videre gi svelling av leirmineraler i den omkringliggende formasjon. Dette vil kunne gi reduksjon i formasjonens permea-bilitet og derved også i brønnens produktivitet. Water-based fluid systems used for completion, overhaul and stimulation of hydrocarbon-bearing wells can also cause swelling of clay minerals in the surrounding formation. This could result in a reduction in the permeability of the formation and thereby also in the productivity of the well.
Oljebaserte slamtyper gir bedre stabilisering av hullveggen. Videre er slammet som oftest bedre med hensyn på filtrasjons-kontroll og egenskaper ved høye temperaturer. Oil-based mud types provide better stabilization of the hole wall. Furthermore, the sludge is usually better with respect to filtration control and properties at high temperatures.
Ulempene ved boreslam på oljebasis er i første rekke den høye pris pr. volumenhet. Et annet aspekt er at slikt slam og rester av dette kan ha ugunstig virkning på det marine miljø. Dette søkes delvis kompensert for ved overgang til lavaromatiske olj etyper. The disadvantages of oil-based drilling mud are primarily the high price per volume unit. Another aspect is that such sludge and its residues can have an adverse effect on the marine environment. This is sought to be partly compensated for by switching to low-aromatic oil types.
Oljebasert slam krever generelt et større og mer komplisert anlegg for preparering og håndtering. Dette inkluderer utstyr for rensing av borekaks. Foruten omkostningene ved slike anlegg gir dette klare ulemper i form av ekstra vekt og økt plassbehov, noe som kan være kritisk ved offshore-installasjoner. Oil-based sludge generally requires a larger and more complicated facility for preparation and handling. This includes equipment for cleaning drilling cuttings. In addition to the costs of such facilities, this gives clear disadvantages in the form of extra weight and increased space requirements, which can be critical in offshore installations.
Væskesystemer basert på olje eller olje/vann-emulsjoner har, foruten uheldige virkninger på arbeidsmiljø, ugunstige sikkerhetsmessige aspekter i form av brann og eksplosjonsfare. Enkelte oljebaserte systemer inneholder også kjemikalier som Liquid systems based on oil or oil/water emulsions have, in addition to adverse effects on the working environment, unfavorable safety aspects in the form of fire and explosion hazards. Certain oil-based systems also contain chemicals such as
kan bidra til å endre fuktpreferansene i formasjonen nær brønnen i negativ retning sett ut fra fremtidig produktivitet. can contribute to changing the moisture preferences in the formation near the well in a negative direction from the point of view of future productivity.
Oppfinnelsens formål er å tilveiebringe en alternativ basisvæske for anvendelse ved tilberedelse av ulike brønnvæsker. Denne skal, i visse sammenhenger, utgjøre en forbedring i forhold til eksisterende væskesystemer. The purpose of the invention is to provide an alternative base fluid for use in the preparation of various well fluids. This should, in certain contexts, constitute an improvement in relation to existing liquid systems.
Formålet oppnås ved at det som basisvæske for de ulike funksjonelle væsketyper anvendes 1,2-propandiol i en mengde som utgjør 5-100 vol% og fortrinnsvis overstiger 25 vol% og helst ligger i området 25-70 vol% av total mengde basisvæske. Denne basisvæske tilsettes deretter egnede tilsatsstoffer for å gi en funksjonell væske med deønskede egenskaper. The purpose is achieved by using 1,2-propanediol as the base liquid for the various functional liquid types in an amount that amounts to 5-100 vol% and preferably exceeds 25 vol% and is preferably in the range of 25-70 vol% of the total amount of base liquid. Suitable additives are then added to this base liquid to give a functional liquid with the desired properties.
1,2-propandiol er en klar, viskøs væske. Den er lite flyktig og nesten luktfri. 1,2-propandiol er hygroskopisk og blandbar med vann i alle forhold. Den er lite brennbar, kjemisk og teknisk stabil, og regnes som ugiftig. Den er dessuten nedbrytbar i vann. 1,2-Propanediol is a clear, viscous liquid. It is not volatile and almost odorless. 1,2-propanediol is hygroscopic and miscible with water in all conditions. It is not flammable, chemically and technically stable, and is considered non-toxic. It is also degradable in water.
Fordeler som oppnås ved bruk av oppfinnelsen er at det oppnås væskesystemer som har forberede egenskaper i forhold til eksisterende systemer. I forhold til væskesystemer på vannbasis vil fordelene være følgende: Ved kontakt med svellende leirmineraler vil væske systemer med basisvæsker i henhold til oppfinnelsen gi mindre tendens til svelling. Dette vil redusere de problemer som er assosiert med denne prosess som Advantages obtained by using the invention are that liquid systems are obtained which have better properties compared to existing systems. In relation to water-based liquid systems, the advantages will be the following: In contact with swelling clay minerals, liquid will systems with base liquids according to the invention give less tendency to swelling. This will reduce the problems associated with this process which
beskrevet ovenfor.described above.
Den beskrevne basisvæske har egenskaper som medførerThe described base fluid has properties that lead to
at mindre mengder av tilsatsstoffer kreves for å frembringe ønsket reologi og aktivitet i væsken. that smaller quantities of additives are required to produce the desired rheology and activity in the liquid.
I forhold til olje eller olje/vann-emulsjoner vil fordelene med den beskrevne basisvæske være følgende: Væskesystemer fremstilt med basisvæsken i henhold til oppfinnelsen vil være mindre giftige, både ut fra In relation to oil or oil/water emulsions, the advantages of the described base fluid will be the following: Fluid systems produced with the base fluid according to the invention will be less toxic, both from
hensyn til marint miljø og arbeidshygiene.regard to the marine environment and occupational hygiene.
En konsekvens av ovenstående er at borekaks, utboretA consequence of the above is that drilling cuttings, drilled out
med en væske på denne basis, ikke vil trenge ytter-with a liquid on this basis, will not need external
ligere rensing før den kan dumpes over bord fra offshore-plattformer. Dette medfører at behovet for utstyr for slik rensing bortfaller, noe som gir besparelser i form av innkjøp og drift av utstyret more purification before it can be dumped overboard from offshore platforms. This means that the need for equipment for such cleaning disappears, which gives savings in the form of purchasing and operating the equipment
samt innsparinger av plass og vekt på plattformen. Generelt vil nevnte basisvæske benyttet til de ulike as well as savings in space and weight on the platform. In general, said base fluid will be used for the various
typer funksjonelle væsker være enklere og mindre utstyrskrevende med hensyn til tilberedelse, vedlikehold, håndtering og lagring. types of functional fluids be simpler and require less equipment with regard to preparation, maintenance, handling and storage.
Væsker fremstilt av nevnte basisvæske vil være mindre brann- og eksplosjonsfårlig. Eventuelle branner kan bekjempes med vann. Liquids produced from the aforementioned base liquid will be less prone to fire and explosion. Any fires can be fought with water.
Det er utført forsøk for å belyse egenskaper ved 1,2-propandiol som basisvæske ved tilberedelse av brønnvæsker. En beskrivelse av de foretatte forsøk samt oppnådde resultater er gitt nedenfor i form av et eksempel. Experiments have been carried out to elucidate the properties of 1,2-propanediol as a base fluid for the preparation of well fluids. A description of the tests carried out and the results obtained is given below in the form of an example.
EKSEMPELEXAMPLE
For å teste 1,2-propandiols evne til å hindre svelling av leire ble en fast mengde smektitt (Wyoming Bentonitt) tilsatt løsninger av vann/l,2-propandiol med varierende blandingsforhold. De reologiske egenskaper ble testet på disse løsninger før tilsats av bentonitt, etter tilsats, etter henstand over natten og til slutt iblandet en liten mengde mettet saltvannsløsning. To test 1,2-propanediol's ability to prevent swelling of clay, a fixed amount of smectite (Wyoming Bentonite) was added to solutions of water/1,2-propanediol with varying mixing ratios. The rheological properties were tested on these solutions before addition of bentonite, after addition, after standing overnight and finally mixed with a small amount of saturated salt water solution.
Blandingen av prøvene og de etterfølgende viskositets-målinger ble utført i henhold til API standard ("API Specification for Oil-Well Drilling Fluid-Materials", API Spee 13 A, Eight Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Dallas, mars 1981, og "API Recommended Practice: Standard Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluids", API RP 13B, Ninth Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Dallas, mai 1982) og kan sammenfattes som følger: Standardisert mengde bentonitt (22,5 g) tilsettes vann/l,2-propandiol-blandingen (350 ml) og blandes i 20 min. ved hjelp av en Hamilton Beach Mixer (middels The mixing of the samples and the subsequent viscosity measurements were performed according to the API standard ("API Specification for Oil-Well Drilling Fluid-Materials", API Spee 13 A, Eight Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Dallas, March 1981, and " API Recommended Practice: Standard Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluids", API RP 13B, Ninth Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Dallas, May 1982) and can be summarized as follows: Standardized amount of bentonite (22.5 g) is added the water/1,2-propanediol mixture (350 ml) and mix for 20 min. using a Hamilton Beach Mixer (medium
hastighet, 11000 o.p.m.).speed, 11000 rpm).
Prøvens reologi bestemmes ved 40°C med et Fann VG-The rheology of the sample is determined at 40°C with a Fann VG-
meter (Modell 35 SA 12 R) og en termokopp (Baroid).meter (Model 35 SA 12 R) and a thermo cup (Baroid).
Etter henstand ved rombetingelser i 18 timer blandesAfter resting at room conditions for 18 hours, mix
prøven i 1 min. med samme utstyr og viskositet, og the sample for 1 min. with the same equipment and viscosity, and
gelstyrke bestemmes.gel strength is determined.
Mettet koksaltløsning (5 ml) tilsettes og mikses iSaturated sodium chloride solution (5 ml) is added and mixed in
1 min., hvoretter reologien igjen måles.1 min., after which the rheology is again measured.
I forsøket ble XC-polymer tilsatt for å gi viskositet,In the experiment, XC polymer was added to give viscosity,
idet samme fremgangsmåte for tilberedning og testing av prøven ble benyttet. since the same procedure for preparation and testing of the sample was used.
For utfyllende beskrivelse av de tekniske, kjemiske og fysiologiske egenskaper vises det til datablad angående 1,2-propandiol ("Techniches Merkblatt 1,2-propandiol (propylenglykol)", BASF, mai 1982). For a detailed description of the technical, chemical and physiological properties, reference is made to the data sheet regarding 1,2-propanediol ("Techniches Merkblatt 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol)", BASF, May 1982).
Resultatene fra reologimålinger foretatt på prøver bestående av vann, 1,2-propandiol og bentonitt er sammenfattet i tabellform. Alle prøver er tilberedt og testet i henhold til forannevnte metode. I tabellene er det benyttet følgende betegnelser: The results from rheology measurements carried out on samples consisting of water, 1,2-propanediol and bentonite are summarized in tabular form. All samples are prepared and tested according to the aforementioned method. The following designations are used in the tables:
A = kun løsningsmidlet (vann/l,2-propandiol)A = the solvent only (water/1,2-propanediol)
B = etter tilsats av bentonittB = after addition of bentonite
C = etter henstand over natten ved romtemperaturC = after standing overnight at room temperature
D = etter tilsats av koksalt-løsningD = after addition of sodium chloride solution
N.T. = ikke testetN.T. = not tested
EGENSKAP: Tilsynelatende viskositet ua (mPa.s)PROPERTIES: Apparent viscosity ua (mPa.s)
EGENSKAP: Plastisk viskositet, pP (mPa.s) PROPERTIES: Plastic viscosity, pP (mPa.s)
EGENSKAP: Flytegrense (Pa) EGENSKAP: Flytindeks, n (dimensjonsløs) PROPERTIES: Yield strength (Pa) PROPERTIES: Flow index, n (dimensionless)
EGENSKAP: Konsistensindeks, K (Pa.s") PROPERTIES: Consistency Index, K (Pa.s")
EGENSKAP: Spontan Gelstyrke, Go (Pa) EGENSKAP: Endelig gelstyrke, Gi o (Pa) PROPERTIES: Spontaneous Gel Strength, Go (Pa) PROPERTIES: Final Gel Strength, Gi o (Pa)
Målinger utført på vann/l,2-propandiol i forholdet 50/50 tilsatt polymer er presentert nedenfor. Blandemetode og forsøksbetingelser er som for prøvene tilsatt bentonitt. Det er benyttet XC-polymer ("Kelzan") i en konsentrasjon av 286 g/l. Bokstavene A-D har samme betydning som tidligere. Measurements carried out on water/1,2-propanediol in the ratio 50/50 with added polymer are presented below. Mixing method and test conditions are the same as for the samples with added bentonite. XC polymer ("Kelzan") has been used in a concentration of 286 g/l. The letters A-D have the same meaning as before.
Det fremgår av vedlagte figur at viskositeten etter It appears from the attached figure that the viscosity after
tilsats av bentonitt (B) stiger noe fra 0 til 25 vol% 1,2-propandiol. Denneøkning kan skyldes den forholdsmessige økningen til viskositeten av basisvæsken (A) samtidig som konsentrasjonen av 1,2-propandiol (propylenglykol) er for liten til å gi en svellehindrende effekt. Det samme forhold observeres også for viskositeten etter tilsats av saltvann (D). addition of bentonite (B) rises somewhat from 0 to 25 vol% 1,2-propanediol. This increase may be due to the proportional increase in the viscosity of the base liquid (A) at the same time as the concentration of 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol) is too small to provide an anti-swelling effect. The same relationship is also observed for the viscosity after the addition of salt water (D).
For 1,2-propandiol i konsentrasjon 37,1% og større viser viskositeten et betydelig fall. Kurvene tyder på at svelling av bentonitt opphører for verdier over 50%. Dette bestyrkes av at viskositetene før og etter tilsats av saltvann blir tilnærmet sammenfallende. For 1,2-propanediol in concentration 37.1% and greater, the viscosity shows a significant drop. The curves indicate that swelling of bentonite ceases for values above 50%. This is reinforced by the fact that the viscosities before and after the addition of salt water are approximately the same.
Væskenes ikke-Newton'ske karakter uttrykt gjennom n-verdiene viser en tilsvarende tendens. Fra klart plastiske væsker ved lave mengder av 1,2-propandiol går prøvene over til tilnærmet Newton'ske væsker for konsentrasjoner over ca. 65%. Dette gjelder både før og etter tilsats av saltvann. The non-Newtonian character of the fluids expressed through the n-values shows a similar tendency. From clearly plastic liquids at low amounts of 1,2-propanediol, the samples change to approximately Newtonian liquids for concentrations above approx. 65%. This applies both before and after the addition of salt water.
Gelstyrken for prøvene viser også at bentonitten foreligger i dispergert tilstand ved lave konsentrasjoner av 1,2-propandiol. Mest dramatisk gir dette seg uttrykk ved tilsats av saltvann. Foruten størrelsen på gelstyrken er det observert at denne blir ikke-progressiv ved høye konsentrasjoner av 1,2-propandiol. Dette innebærer at verdiene etter henholdsvis 10 sek. og The gel strength of the samples also shows that the bentonite exists in a dispersed state at low concentrations of 1,2-propanediol. This manifests itself most dramatically when salt water is added. Besides the size of the gel strength, it has been observed that this becomes non-progressive at high concentrations of 1,2-propanediol. This means that the values after 10 sec. and
10 min. henstand er tilnærmet like.10 minutes grace period is approximately the same.
Forsøket med XC-polymer som viskositetsgivende middel i en 50/50 vann/l,2-propandiol-blanding viser at dette er et mulig alternativ. The experiment with XC polymer as a viscosity-giving agent in a 50/50 water/1,2-propanediol mixture shows that this is a possible alternative.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO87873531A NO873531L (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1987-08-21 | BASIC LIQUID FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIQUIDS FOR USE IN THE EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM EVENTS. |
| PCT/NO1988/000063 WO1989001491A1 (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1988-08-18 | Base fluid for the preparation of fluids applicable in connection with exploitation of petroleum reservoirs |
| AU22698/88A AU2269888A (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1988-08-18 | Base fluid for the preparation of fluids applicable in connection with exploitation of petroleum reservoirs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO87873531A NO873531L (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1987-08-21 | BASIC LIQUID FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIQUIDS FOR USE IN THE EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM EVENTS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO873531D0 NO873531D0 (en) | 1987-08-21 |
| NO873531L true NO873531L (en) | 1989-02-22 |
Family
ID=19890178
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO87873531A NO873531L (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1987-08-21 | BASIC LIQUID FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIQUIDS FOR USE IN THE EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM EVENTS. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2269888A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO873531L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989001491A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3911238A1 (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-11 | Henkel Kgaa | OLEOPHILE ALCOHOLS AS A COMPONENT OF INVERT DRILLING |
| DE3915875A1 (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Henkel Kgaa | USE OF SELECTED OLEOPHILIC ALCOHOLS IN WATER-BASED DRILLING PIPES OF THE O / W EMULSION TYPE AND CORRESPONDING DRILLING FLUIDS WITH IMPROVED ECOLOGICAL RELIABILITY |
| US5057234A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1991-10-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Non-hydrocarbon invert emulsions for use in well drilling operations |
| GB2252993B (en) * | 1991-02-23 | 1994-09-28 | David Brankling | Drilling fluid composition |
| US6291405B1 (en) | 1995-09-11 | 2001-09-18 | M-I Llc | Glycol based drilling fluid |
| US5905061A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-05-18 | Patel; Avind D. | Invert emulsion fluids suitable for drilling |
| US6589917B2 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2003-07-08 | M-I Llc | Invert emulsion drilling fluids and muds having negative alkalinity and elastomer compatibility |
| US6029755A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 2000-02-29 | M-I L.L.C. | Conductive medium for openhole logging and logging while drilling |
| US6308788B1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2001-10-30 | M-I Llc | Conductive medium for openhole logging and logging while drilling |
| US5990050A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-11-23 | M-I L.L.C. | Water soluble invert emulsions |
| US6828279B2 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2004-12-07 | M-I Llc | Biodegradable surfactant for invert emulsion drilling fluid |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2573960A (en) * | 1949-04-22 | 1951-11-06 | Union Oil Co | Drilling fluid concentrates |
| US3639233A (en) * | 1969-03-18 | 1972-02-01 | Dresser Ind | Well drilling |
| US4280915A (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1981-07-28 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Salt stable lubricant for water base drilling fluids |
| DD157467A1 (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1982-11-10 | Manfred Roellig | ACCESSORIES FOR DRILLING |
-
1987
- 1987-08-21 NO NO87873531A patent/NO873531L/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-08-18 AU AU22698/88A patent/AU2269888A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-08-18 WO PCT/NO1988/000063 patent/WO1989001491A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO873531D0 (en) | 1987-08-21 |
| AU2269888A (en) | 1989-03-09 |
| WO1989001491A1 (en) | 1989-02-23 |
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