NO824066L - WASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT. - Google Patents
WASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT.Info
- Publication number
- NO824066L NO824066L NO824066A NO824066A NO824066L NO 824066 L NO824066 L NO 824066L NO 824066 A NO824066 A NO 824066A NO 824066 A NO824066 A NO 824066A NO 824066 L NO824066 L NO 824066L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- group
- cation
- supplement
- brewer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005577 Gastroenteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DAKOBUIKDCTJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O DAKOBUIKDCTJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004462 maize silage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 propionic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116540 protein supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005974 protein supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISPRRDBLPCPHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;tetraformate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O ISPRRDBLPCPHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører anvendelse av avfallsgjær, spesielt dejflytende biprodukter inneholdende slik gjær fra bryggarier som fortillegg for enmagede dyr. The present invention relates to the use of waste yeast, especially dough-flowing by-products containing such yeast from breweries as a supplement for monogastric animals.
Det er velkjent at ukokt bryggerigjær er rik på fordøyelige proteiner, mineraler og vitaminer. Bryggerigjær kan med fordel sammenlignes med soyabønnekli og poteter når det gjelder dens næringsverdi. Selvom slik gjær har blitt benyttet som et proteintillegg i normale rasjoner som er rike på maisensilasje og cerealkorn for enmagede dyr har det forekommet problemer. F.eks. har griser f6ret med ube-handlet bryggerigjær vært mottagelige for diaré og gastro-entritis på grunn av fermentering av gjæren i magen etter inntagelse. Dessuten er metabolismen til de enmagede dyr slik at de er mindre istand til å oppta næringsmidlene og vita-minene fra gjær inneholdende levende celler enn fra kokt gjær hvori cellene er døde eller ikke-levedyktige. Koke-prosessen bevirker imidlertid koagulering av proteiner og reduserer derved næringsmidlenes fordøybarhet og således gjærens næringsverdi. Koking av bryggerigjær er også uøko-nomisk med henblikk på varmeenergi som er nødvendig og in-volverte kapitalomkostninger. De økonomiske faktorene er særlig betydelige når man betrakter utnyttelsen av avfallsgjær-biprodukter fra bryggeriindustrien. It is well known that uncooked brewer's yeast is rich in digestible proteins, minerals and vitamins. Brewer's yeast can be favorably compared to soybean bran and potatoes in terms of its nutritional value. Although such yeast has been used as a protein supplement in normal rations rich in maize silage and cereal grain for monogastric animals, problems have occurred. E.g. pigs fed untreated brewer's yeast have been susceptible to diarrhea and gastro-enteritis due to fermentation of the yeast in the stomach after ingestion. Moreover, the metabolism of the monogastric animals is such that they are less able to absorb the nutrients and vitamins from yeast containing living cells than from boiled yeast in which the cells are dead or non-viable. However, the cooking process causes coagulation of proteins and thereby reduces the digestibility of the nutrients and thus the nutritional value of the yeast. Boiling brewer's yeast is also uneconomical with regard to the heat energy required and the capital costs involved. The economic factors are particularly significant when considering the utilization of waste yeast by-products from the brewing industry.
Ved brygging av øl f.eks., blir flytende bryggerigjær inneholdende mellom 5 og 28 vekt-% faste stoffer utviklet som biprodukt. Slik flytende bryggerigjær inneholder en stor mengde vann. Tradisjonelt har den flytende bryggerigjær blitt kassert som avløp fra bryggeriet. Dette representerer ikke bare et tap av en verdifull næringsmiddelkilde, men bidrar betydelig til problemene med biologisk oksygenbehov og sus-penderte faste stoffer i avløpssystemet. I senere år har man anstrengt seg for å løse disse problemer. F.eks. be-skriver britisk patent nr. 1.582.397 et fortillegg hvori en lavere monokarboksylsyre, spesielt propionsyre, blandes med den flytende bryggerigjær for å drepe cellene uten koking og blandingen fores til enmagede dyr. When brewing beer, for example, liquid brewer's yeast containing between 5 and 28% by weight of solids is developed as a by-product. Such liquid brewer's yeast contains a large amount of water. Traditionally, the liquid brewer's yeast has been discarded as wastewater from the brewery. This not only represents a loss of a valuable food source, but contributes significantly to the problems of biological oxygen demand and suspended solids in the sewage system. In recent years, efforts have been made to solve these problems. E.g. British Patent No. 1,582,397 describes a preparation in which a lower monocarboxylic acid, particularly propionic acid, is mixed with the liquid brewer's yeast to kill the cells without boiling and the mixture is fed to monogastric animals.
Ved hjelp av denne metode blir de skadelige mikroorganismene i gjæren ødelagt og næringsmidlene gjøres lett fordøyelige. Fremgangsmåten er imidlertid langsom fordi blanding av flytende bryggerigjær med propionsyre i en mengde på 1% vekt/ vekt reduserer mengden av overlevende celler til under 0,01% bare etter en periode på 72 timer, dvs. 3 dager. Using this method, the harmful microorganisms in the yeast are destroyed and the nutrients are made easily digestible. However, the process is slow because mixing liquid brewer's yeast with propionic acid in an amount of 1% w/w reduces the amount of surviving cells to below 0.01% only after a period of 72 hours, i.e. 3 days.
Det er nå funnet at varigheten av behandlingen kan reduseres betydelig under anvendelse av en spesiell type additiv. It has now been found that the duration of the treatment can be significantly reduced using a special type of additive.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det således tilveiebragt et fortillegg for enmagede dyr omfattende flytende bryggerigjær inneholdende 0,5-4 vekt-% basert på den flytende bryggerigjæren av et tilsatt surt formiatsalt hvori forholdet mellom formiatanion og -kation er mellom 2:1 og 4:1 på en kjemisk ekvivalentbasis. According to the present invention, there is thus provided a supplement for monogastric animals comprising liquid brewer's yeast containing 0.5-4% by weight based on the liquid brewer's yeast of an added acidic formate salt in which the ratio between formate anion and -cation is between 2:1 and 4:1 on a chemical equivalent basis.
Med betegnelsen "flytende bryggerigjær" menes her de konven-sjonelle avløp fra bryggerier inkludert både suspensjoner inneholdende 5-15 vekt-% faste stoffer og pressgjær inneholdende mellom 22 og 28 vekt-% faste stoffer. By the term "liquid brewer's yeast" here is meant the conventional effluent from breweries including both suspensions containing 5-15% by weight solids and pressed yeast containing between 22 and 28% by weight solids.
Mengden av surt formiatsalt, dvs. 0,5-4 vekt-% som spesifi-seres, er basert på at den flytende bryggerigjær inneholder enten mellom 5 og 25 vekt-% faste stoffer og vann eller pressgjær inneholdende mellom 22 og 28 vekt-% faste stoffer opp-slemmet i vann. The amount of acid formate salt, i.e. 0.5-4% by weight that is specified, is based on the liquid brewer's yeast containing either between 5 and 25% by weight of solids and water or pressed yeast containing between 22 and 28% by weight solids suspended in water.
Det sure formiatsalt kan blandes med den flytende bryggerigjæren enten som sådan eller i form av en vandig oppløsning derav. The acid formate salt can be mixed with the liquid brewer's yeast either as such or in the form of an aqueous solution thereof.
Kationkomponenten i det sure formiatsalt kan være ammonium eller kation avledet fra et metall valgt fra gruppe I eller gruppe II i det periodiske system. Eksempler på slike sure formiatsalter i vandig oppløsning er beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 1.505.388. The cation component of the acidic formate salt may be ammonium or a cation derived from a metal selected from Group I or Group II of the Periodic Table. Examples of such acidic formate salts in aqueous solution are described in British patent no. 1,505,388.
Sure formiatsalter av ammonium, natrium, kalium og kalsium er særlig foretrukne. Acid formate salts of ammonium, sodium, potassium and calcium are particularly preferred.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse illustreres ytterligere under hen-visning til følgende eksempler og sammenligningsforsøk: The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following examples and comparative tests:
Eksempel og sammenligningsforsøkExample and comparison test
Pressgjær (faststoffinnhold omkring 26% vekt/vekt) ble opp-slemmet til omtrent 13% vekt/vekt faststoff ved tilsetning av sterilt destillert vann fulgt av blanding i en Stomacher-blander. 200 g prøver av denne oppslemming ble behandlet med propionsyre, vandig oppløsning av natriumdipropionat (70% vekt/vekt) og ammoniumtetraformiatoppløsning (omkring 70% vekt/vekt) ved en behandlingshastighet på 1% vekt/vekt. Ytterligere 200 g prøve ble benyttet som kontroll uten behandling med noe additiv. Etter behandling (eller uten behandling i tilfelle for kontrolltesten) ble prøvene grundig blandet i Stomacher-blanderen i 5 minutter. Aliquoter ble tatt ved forskjellige intervaller for telling av totale levedyktige enheter. Gjæroppslemmingen ble blandet i 2 minutter før prøvetagning for å unngå falske resultater for-årsaket ved sedimentering. Prøver ble hensatt ved omgivelses-temperatur . Pressed yeast (solids content about 26% w/w) was slurried to about 13% w/w solids by addition of sterile distilled water followed by mixing in a Stomacher mixer. 200 g samples of this slurry were treated with propionic acid, aqueous solution of sodium dipropionate (70% w/w) and ammonium tetraformate solution (about 70% w/w) at a treatment rate of 1% w/w. A further 200 g of sample was used as a control without treatment with any additive. After treatment (or without treatment in the case of the control test), the samples were thoroughly mixed in the Stomacher mixer for 5 minutes. Aliquots were taken at various intervals for counting total viable units. The yeast slurry was mixed for 2 minutes before sampling to avoid false results caused by sedimentation. Samples were stored at ambient temperature.
Tellinger av totale levedyktige enheter ble utført ved hjelp av helleplater under anvendelse av maltekstraktagar (Difco) som hadde blitt supplert med ytterligere agar (Difco) for å øke agarkonsentrasjonen til 2% vekt/vekt. Alle platene ble inkubert ved 30°C i 3 dager. Counts of total viable units were performed using pour plates using malt extract agar (Difco) which had been supplemented with additional agar (Difco) to increase the agar concentration to 2% w/w. All plates were incubated at 30°C for 3 days.
Resultatene er angitt-i nedenstående tabell.The results are indicated in the table below.
Fra de ovenfor angitte resultater er det klart at sure formiatsalter virker meger hurtigere enn propionsyre på gjærceller. Dette gir større fleksibilitet fordi dersom en lagringstid From the above results, it is clear that acid formate salts act much faster than propionic acid on yeast cells. This provides greater flexibility because if a storage period
på 3 dager er ønsket for flytende bryggerigjær før foring til de enmagede dyr, kan en meget lavere konsentrasjon av det sure formiatsalt benyttes. of 3 days is desired for liquid brewer's yeast before feeding to the monogastric animals, a much lower concentration of the acid formate salt can be used.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8137528 | 1981-12-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO824066L true NO824066L (en) | 1983-06-13 |
Family
ID=10526567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO824066A NO824066L (en) | 1981-12-11 | 1982-12-03 | WASTE AS A SUPPLEMENT. |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0081970A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1200414A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE81970T1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK543282A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI823927L (en) |
| NO (1) | NO824066L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3628248C1 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1987-11-12 | Degussa | Pigs and poultry performance enhancers |
| DE3628249C1 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1987-11-26 | Degussa | Pigs to improve growth and feed conversion in pigs |
| DE3628250C1 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1987-11-12 | Degussa | Use of calcium or magnesium formate as a means to promote performance |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1505388A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1978-03-30 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Acid salt solutions |
| DE2629268C3 (en) * | 1976-06-30 | 1980-11-20 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Feed additives |
-
1982
- 1982-11-12 CA CA000415452A patent/CA1200414A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-16 FI FI823927A patent/FI823927L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-12-03 NO NO824066A patent/NO824066L/en unknown
- 1982-12-07 DK DK543282A patent/DK543282A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-12-08 EP EP82306530A patent/EP0081970A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-12-08 DE DE198282306530T patent/DE81970T1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE81970T1 (en) | 1983-10-13 |
| CA1200414A (en) | 1986-02-11 |
| DK543282A (en) | 1983-06-12 |
| EP0081970A3 (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| FI823927L (en) | 1983-06-12 |
| EP0081970A2 (en) | 1983-06-22 |
| FI823927A0 (en) | 1982-11-16 |
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