NO801741L - MIXING FOR CASTING FORM. - Google Patents
MIXING FOR CASTING FORM.Info
- Publication number
- NO801741L NO801741L NO801741A NO801741A NO801741L NO 801741 L NO801741 L NO 801741L NO 801741 A NO801741 A NO 801741A NO 801741 A NO801741 A NO 801741A NO 801741 L NO801741 L NO 801741L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- fulvene
- mixture according
- methyl
- weight
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- PGTKVMVZBBZCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvene Chemical compound C=C1C=CC=C1 PGTKVMVZBBZCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002234 fulvenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 methyliso-butyl fulvene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XEABJLSKPBVCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methyl-5-methylidenecyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzene Chemical group C=C1C=CC(C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XEABJLSKPBVCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXGJXQFPWYQZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methyl-5-methylidenecyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical group CCC1=C(C)C=CC1=C ZXGJXQFPWYQZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JQAKCMSNXKDTCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-methylidenecyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)furan Chemical group C=C1C=CC=C1C1=CC=CO1 JQAKCMSNXKDTCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WXACXMWYHXOSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-propan-2-ylidenecyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical group CC(C)=C1C=CC=C1 WXACXMWYHXOSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DVWWSGZJNZABDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-2-methyl-5-methylidenecyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical group CCCCCCCC1=C(C)C=CC1=C DVWWSGZJNZABDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 18
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RISUNBWIDRKIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylidene-1-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=C(C)C=CC1=C RISUNBWIDRKIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BULLHRADHZGONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylidene(phenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC1=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BULLHRADHZGONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- WXTONSHCBFAKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-methylidenecyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)cyclohexane Chemical compound C=C1C=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 WXTONSHCBFAKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLNDNABNWASMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium-2-yl)diazenyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=[N+](C)C=CN1C YLNDNABNWASMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MIODROMBEUMZIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylidenecyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1=C1C=CC=C1 MIODROMBEUMZIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002035 hexane extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentadiene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC1 NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Støpebindemiddel inneholdende et fulven med formelen. hvori hvér og en av R. og J*2 hver for seg er hydrogen eller et hydrocarbon inneholdende 1-10 carbonatomer eller en furylgruppe eller hvori og Rer forbundet med hverandre og sammen med det carbonatom hvortil de er bundne, danner en cycloalifatisk hydrocarbongruppe,. og hvori hver og en av R, R, R,, og Rg hver for seg er hydrogen eller methyl, under den forutsetning at hyst bare én slik gruppe R, R,.Reller Rg er methyl,. forpolymerer av disse fulvener, og blandinger derav,. og en syrekatalysator med en pKa-verdi av ca. 7 eller derunder.Casting binder containing a fulven of the formula. wherein each of R 1 and J 2 is each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon containing 1-10 carbon atoms or a furyl group or wherein and R 2 linked together and together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group. and wherein each of R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 8 is each hydrogen or methyl, provided that only one such group R 1, R 4, or R 9 is methyl. prepolymers of these fulvenes, and mixtures thereof ,. and an acid catalyst with a pKa value of approx. 7 or less.
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår blandinger for støperiformål hvori visse bindemidler anvendes som er istand til å herde ved normal værelsetemperatur. Blandingene kan herde ved normal væreIsetemperatur ved at et gassformig herdemiddel eller en syrekatalysator innarbeides i bindemidlet. The invention relates to mixtures for foundry purposes in which certain binders are used which are able to harden at normal room temperature. The mixtures can harden at normal room temperature by incorporating a gaseous hardener or an acid catalyst into the binder.
Innen støperiteknikken fremstilles i alminnelighet kjerner og former, som anvendes ved tilvirkning av støpegods-detaljer, av formede, herdede blandinger av ballastmateriale (f.eks. sand) og et bindemiddel. En av de foretrukne metoder for fremstilling av disse sandkjerner omfatter det grunnleggende trinn at sanden blandes med et harpiksbindemiddel og en herdekatalysator, hvorefter blandingen gis den ønskede form og får herde og størkne ved værelsetemperatur uten til-førsel av varme. Av harpikser som kan anvendes for denne metode, kan nevnes harpikser av furfurylalkohol-formaldehyd, furfurylalkohol-carbamid-formaldehyd og alkydisocyanat og dessuten natriumsilikatbindemidler. Denne metode betegnes vanligvis som "no bake"-metoden. Within foundry technology, cores and molds, which are used in the production of casting details, are generally produced from shaped, hardened mixtures of ballast material (e.g. sand) and a binder. One of the preferred methods for producing these sand cores includes the basic step of mixing the sand with a resin binder and a curing catalyst, after which the mixture is given the desired shape and allowed to harden and solidify at room temperature without the addition of heat. Resins that can be used for this method include resins of furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde, furfuryl alcohol-carbamide-formaldehyde and alkyd diisocyanate and also sodium silicate binders. This method is usually referred to as the "no bake" method.
En annen metode omfatter de grunnleggende trinn at ballastmaterialet blandes med et harpiksbindemiddel, hvorefter blandingen formes til den ønskede form og herdes ved at en gassformig katalysator ledes gjennom denne. Denne metode betegnes ofte som "cold box"-metoden. Another method includes the basic steps of mixing the ballast material with a resin binder, after which the mixture is shaped into the desired shape and hardened by passing a gaseous catalyst through it. This method is often referred to as the "cold box" method.
Bindemidler som er egnede for anvendelse ved slike prosesser, må oppvise en rekke viktige karakteristika. Som et eksempel kan nevnes at bindemidlet må være istand til å Binders that are suitable for use in such processes must exhibit a number of important characteristics. As an example, it can be mentioned that the binder must be able to
gi den formede detalj forholdsvis høy holdfasthet og at den skal kunne herde i vesentlig grad ved normal værelsetemperatur. Da dessuten bindemidlet herder mens det foreligger i form av et tynt skikt eller en film på ballastmaterialet og da ballastmaterialet kan fungere som varmebortledende materiale, forløper herdingen ikke nødvendigvis på samme måte som når bindemidlet herdes i bulk. Dessuten må støpekjerner og -former beholde holdfasthetsegenskapene til metallet har størknet i formen, samtidig som de må miste disse egenskaper på grunn av at de. utsettes for høyere temperaturer, slik at kjernene eller formene efter at metallet har størknet, lett kan brytes ned for utrysting eller fjerning fra støpedetaljen. give the shaped part relatively high holding strength and that it should be able to harden to a significant extent at normal room temperature. Since, moreover, the binder hardens while it exists in the form of a thin layer or a film on the ballast material and since the ballast material can act as a heat-dissipating material, the curing does not necessarily proceed in the same way as when the binder is cured in bulk. In addition, casting cores and molds must retain their holding strength properties until the metal has solidified in the mold, while at the same time they must lose these properties because they. exposed to higher temperatures, so that the cores or molds, after the metal has solidified, can easily be broken down for shaking out or removal from the casting detail.
Det er derfor meget vanskelig å tilveiebringe'nye bindemidler for, støperiformål og som besitter de nødvendige egenskaper. Dette problem er ennu vanskeligere å løse' dersom det tas sikte på å tilveiebringe et forholdsvis rimelig bindemiddel. It is therefore very difficult to provide new binders for foundry purposes that possess the necessary properties. This problem is even more difficult to solve if the aim is to provide a relatively inexpensive binder.
Oppfinnelsen angår en blanding for støperiformål som omfatter en hovedmengde av ballastmateriale for støperifor-mål og en effektiv bindende mengde av opp til ca. 10 vekt%, basert på vekten av ballastmaterialet, av et bindemiddel som omfatter et fulven og/eller en forpolymer derav. De anvendte fulvener kan representeres ved formelen The invention relates to a mixture for foundry purposes which comprises a main amount of ballast material for foundry purposes and an effective binding amount of up to approx. 10% by weight, based on the weight of the ballast material, of a binder comprising a fulvene and/or a prepolymer thereof. The fulvens used can be represented by the formula
Hver og- en av gruppene R, og R«kan være hydrogen eller et hydrocarbon inneholdende 1-10 carbonatomer eller en . furylgruppe, eller disse grupper kan være forbundet med hverandre og sammen med det carbonatom hvortil de er bundet, danne en cykloalifatisk hydrocarbongruppe. Hver og en av gruppene R^rR^, R5 og Rg kan være hydrogen eller methyl, forutsatt . at høyst bare én slik gruppe R^ 1 , R^. eller R^er methyl. Bindemidlet inneholder også en syrekatalysator med en pKa-verdi av 7 eller derunder. Syrekatalysatoren innarbeides i blandingen før formingen eller den tilføres ved å lede en gass gjennom den formede blanding. Each of the groups R, and R' can be hydrogen or a hydrocarbon containing 1-10 carbon atoms or a . furyl group, or these groups can be connected to each other and, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group. Each of the groups R^rR^, R5 and Rg may be hydrogen or methyl, provided . that at most only one such group R^ 1 , R^. or R 1 is methyl. The binder also contains an acid catalyst with a pKa value of 7 or less. The acid catalyst is incorporated into the mixture before forming or it is supplied by passing a gas through the formed mixture.
Det bør bemerkes at dersom et overskudd av aldehyd eller keton anvendes ved fremstillingen av fulvenet, kan R^ eller R5ha strukturen R1QH I et,slikt tilfelle vil R3og Rg It should be noted that if an excess of aldehyde or ketone is used in the preparation of the fulvene, R^ or R5 may have the structure R1QH In such a case, R3 and Rg
K K
ha de ovenfor angitte betydninger.have the above meanings.
De fulvener som anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan representeres ved formelen: The fulvens used according to the invention can be represented by the formula:
Hver og en av gruppene R^og R2kan være hydrogen eller et hydrocarbon inneholdende 1-10 carbonatomer eller en furylgruppe, eller de kan være bundet til hverandre og sammen med det carbonatom hvortil de er bundne, danne en cycloalifatisk ring. Hydrocarbongruppene er fortrinnsvis frie for ikke-benzenumettethet og omfatter alkylgrupper som methyl, ethyl propyl og butyl, arylgrupper som fenyl og nafthyl, alkaryl-grupper som benzyl, aralkylgruppe, og cycloalkylgrupper som cyclopentyl og cyclohexyl. Eksempler på visse cycloalifatiske ringer er cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl og cycloheptyl. Each of the groups R 1 and R 2 can be hydrogen or a hydrocarbon containing 1-10 carbon atoms or a furyl group, or they can be bonded to each other and together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a cycloaliphatic ring. The hydrocarbon groups are preferably free of non-benzene unsaturation and include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl propyl and butyl, aryl groups such as phenyl and naphthyl, alkaryl groups such as benzyl, aralkyl group, and cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Examples of certain cycloaliphatic rings are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
Gruppene R^, R^, R^ og R^ kan hver for seg bety hydrogen eller methyl, . men med det forbehold at høyst én av gruppene R3, R^ , R5 eller Rg er methyl. Blandinger av fulvenene kan om ønsket anvendes. Dessuten kan det istedenfor eller i kombinasjon med fulvenene anvendes forpolymerer av The groups R^, R^, R^ and R^ can each be hydrogen or methyl, . but with the proviso that at most one of the groups R3, R3, R5 or Rg is methyl. Mixtures of the fulvens can be used if desired. In addition, instead of or in combination with the fulvens, prepolymers of
de ovennevnte fulvener som fremdeles inneholder en tilstrekkelig umettethet (f.eks. minst ca. 10%) for påfølgende, herding for tilveiebringelse av de nødvendige holdfasthets-egenskaper for. støpestykket, og som fremdeles er tilstrekkelig flytende til at de når de anvendes som sådanne eller i blanding med fortynningsmiddel, flyter eller renner slik at de belegger ballastmaterialet. Blandinger av fulvenforpolymerer kan også anvendes. Det bør igjen bemerkes at dersom et overskudd av aldehyd eller keton anvendes ved fremstilling av fulvenet, kan R. eller Rr ha strukturen ,1 OH.'I et slikt 43-j— the above fulvens which still contain sufficient unsaturation (eg at least about 10%) for subsequent curing to provide the required hold strength properties for. the casting, and which are still sufficiently fluid that when used as such or in a mixture with a diluent, they float or flow so that they coat the ballast material. Mixtures of fulvene prepolymers can also be used. It should again be noted that if an excess of aldehyde or ketone is used in the preparation of the fulvene, R. or Rr may have the structure ,1 OH.'In such a 43-j—
V V
tilfelle har R^ og R^de ovenfor angitte betydninger. in which case R^ and R^ have the meanings given above.
Eksempler på slike fulvener er dimethylfulven (R^og R^Examples of such fulvenes are dimethylfulvene (R^ and R^
er methyl, og R^ r R4, R5 og Rg er H) , methylfenylfulven (R.^er fenyl, R2er methyl, og R3, R4, R^ og Rg er H), cyclo-hexylfulven (R1og R2er forbundet med hverandre og danner en cyclohexylring sammen med det felles carbonatom hvortil de er bundet, og R^, R^, R,- og R^er H), methylisobutylfulven is methyl, and R^ r R4, R5 and Rg are H), methylphenylfulvene (R.^ is phenyl, R2 is methyl, and R3, R4, R^ and Rg are H), cyclohexylfulvene (R1 and R2 are connected to each other and form a cyclohexyl ring together with the common carbon atom to which they are attached, and R^, R^, R,- and R^ are H), methylisobutylfulvene
(R.^ er methyl, R2er isobutyl, og R3, R4og R5og Rg er H) , methylethylfulven (R^er methyl, R2er ethyl, og R3, R4, R^og Rg er H) , difenylfulven (R.^og R2er fenyl, og R^, R4, R,. og Rg er H) og furylfulven (R.^er furyl, R2er H, og R3>R4, Rcog R^er H). (R.^ is methyl, R2 is isobutyl, and R3, R4 and R5 and Rg are H) , methylethylfulvene (R^ is methyl, R2 is ethyl, and R3, R4, R^ and Rg are H) , diphenylfulvene (R.^ and R2 phenyl, and R 1 , R 4 , R 1 , and R 8 are H) and furylfulvene (R 1 is furyl, R 2 is H, and R 3 >R 4 , R and R 4 are H).
5 3 6 5 3 6
Fulvener har vært kjente i flere år på samme måte som metodene for fremstilling av disse. Dessuten er det kjent at fulvener polymeriserer i nærvær av syrer. Fulvenene som anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan fremstilles ved at en carbonylforbindelse (f.eks. ketoner og aldehyder) reageres med cyclopentadien og/eller methylcyclopentadien i nærvær av en basisk katalysator, som en sterk base (f.eks. KOH) , et amin samt basiske ionebytteharpikser. Eksempler på metoder for fremstilling av fulvener er beskrevet i US patentskrifter 2589969, 3051765 og 3192275. Eksempler på metoder for fremstilling av fulvenpolymerer er beskrevet i US patentskrifter 2512698, 2587791, 2898325 og 3390156. Fulvenes have been known for several years in the same way as the methods for their production. Furthermore, fulvenes are known to polymerize in the presence of acids. The fulvens used according to the invention can be prepared by reacting a carbonyl compound (e.g. ketones and aldehydes) with cyclopentadiene and/or methylcyclopentadiene in the presence of a basic catalyst, such as a strong base (e.g. KOH), an amine and basic ion exchange resins. Examples of methods for the production of fulvenes are described in US patent documents 2589969, 3051765 and 3192275. Examples of methods for the production of fulvene polymers are described in US patent documents 2512698, 2587791, 2898325 and 3390156.
Dessuten inneholder blandingen ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse en syrekatalysator. De anvendte syrekatalysatorer har en pKa-verdi av 7 eller derunder og omfatter de uorganiske mineralsyrer, som fosforsyre, svovelsyre og saltsyre, og slike uorganiske syrer som maursyre, oxalsyre og de organiske substituerte sulfonsyrer, som benzensulfonsyre og toluensulfonsyre. Syrekatalysatoren kan innarbeides i støperibland-ingen før formning (dvs. "no bake"-prosessen) og/eller ved at en gass bringes til å passere gjennom den formede blanding, f.eks. med en syre som sådan eller en gass som SC>2eller C02som sammen med en komponent i den formede blanding (f.eks. In addition, the mixture according to the present invention contains an acid catalyst. The acid catalysts used have a pKa value of 7 or below and include the inorganic mineral acids, such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, and such inorganic acids as formic acid, oxalic acid and the organic substituted sulphonic acids, such as benzenesulphonic acid and toluenesulphonic acid. The acid catalyst can be incorporated into the casting mixture prior to molding (ie the "no bake" process) and/or by passing a gas through the molded mixture, e.g. with an acid as such or a gas such as SC>2 or CO2 which together with a component of the formed mixture (e.g.
et peroxyd) danner en syre in situ.a peroxide) forms an acid in situ.
Dersom syren foreligger i blandingen allerede før formingen, er den vanligvis tilstede i en mengde av opp til høyst 30 vekt%, basert på den anvendte mengde bindemiddel. Dersom det anvendes en "cold box"-prosess, er en gassingstid på opp til 5 sekunder vanligvis tilstrekkelig. If the acid is present in the mixture already before forming, it is usually present in an amount of up to 30% by weight at the most, based on the amount of binder used. If a "cold box" process is used, a gassing time of up to 5 seconds is usually sufficient.
Fulvenene og/eller polymerene derav kan anvendes sammen, med på furfurylalkohol og/eller furanforpolymer baserte støperibindemiddelsysterner. Furanforpolymeren omfatter reak-sjonsprodukter av furfurylalkohol og av aldehyder, som formaldehyd. Dessuten kan aldehyd-furfurylalkoholreaksjons- The fulvens and/or polymers thereof can be used together with casting binder systems based on furfuryl alcohol and/or furan prepolymer. The furan prepolymer comprises reaction products of furfuryl alcohol and of aldehydes, such as formaldehyde. In addition, aldehyde-furfuryl alcohol reaction
produktet modifiseres med varierende mengder av reaktanter,the product is modified with varying amounts of reactants,
somurea. De anvendbare molforhold mellom formaldehyd og furfuryl- kan variere sterkt. Eksempelvis kan furanpolymeren fremstilles av fra 0,4 til 4 mol furfurylalkohol pr. somurea. The applicable mole ratios between formaldehyde and furfuryl can vary greatly. For example, the furan polymer can be produced from 0.4 to 4 moles of furfuryl alcohol per
mol f ormaldehyd, fortrinnsvis fra 0,5. til 2 mol f urf uryl-alkohol pr. mol formaldehyd. moles of formaldehyde, preferably from 0.5. to 2 moles of furfuryl alcohol per moles of formaldehyde.
Den furanpolymer som kan anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan være en hvilken som helst av de forskjellige furanpolymerer-som er kjent for at de er egnede for forming, og spesielt for støperiformål. Eksempler på slike furanpolymerer omfatter de furanpolymerer som erholdes fra ca. 1 mol urea, ca. 0,2-2 mol furfurylalkohol og ca. 1-3 mol formaldehyd, som beskrevet i US patentskrifter 3222315 og 324 7556. Andre egnede furanpolymerer er beskrevet i US patentskrift 3346534. Furanpolymerene fremstilles som regel ved polymerisasjon i nærvær av en syrekatalysator. Når en furanpolymer anvendes, tilsettes den som regel sammen med furfurylalkohol. The furan polymer that can be used according to the invention can be any of the various furan polymers known to be suitable for forming, and especially for foundry purposes. Examples of such furan polymers include the furan polymers obtained from approx. 1 mole of urea, approx. 0.2-2 mol furfuryl alcohol and approx. 1-3 moles of formaldehyde, as described in US patent documents 3222315 and 324 7556. Other suitable furan polymers are described in US patent document 3346534. The furan polymers are usually produced by polymerization in the presence of an acid catalyst. When a furan polymer is used, it is usually added together with furfuryl alcohol.
Når fulvenene anvendes i blanding med furfurylalkohol og/eller furanpolymerer, anvendes de generelt i en'mengde av 20-80 vekt% av blandingen av fulvenene med furfurylalkohol og/eller furanpolymerer. Blandingene bør ha viskositeter■som er egnede for at blandingene skal flyte på ballastmaterialet, og de bør være homogene. When the fulvens are used in a mixture with furfuryl alcohol and/or furan polymers, they are generally used in an amount of 20-80% by weight of the mixture of the fulvens with furfuryl alcohol and/or furan polymers. The mixtures should have viscosities that are suitable for the mixtures to flow on the ballast material, and they should be homogeneous.
Når et formet støperimateriale fremstilles, er det anvendbare ballastmateriale et som er vanlig anvendt ved fremstilling av formede støperimaterialer, og det utgjøres spesielt av sand. Dersom det fremstilles et vanlig formet støperimateriale av sandtypen, har det anvendte ballastmateriale en tilstrekkelig partikkelstørrelse til å gi en tilstrekkelig porøsitet i det formede støperimateriale til at flyktige materialer vil unnslippe fra formstykket under støpingen. Betegnelsen "vanlige formede støperimaterialer av sandtypen" som anvendt heri er ment å gjelde formede støperimaterialer med en tilstrekkelig porøsitet til at flyktige materialer vil kunne unnslippe fra dette under støpingen. Vanligvis har minst 80 vekti, fortrinnsvis ca. 90 vektå, av det ballastmateriale som anvendes for formet støperimateriale en gjennomsnittlig partikkelstørre av ikke under ca. 150 mesh (Tyler-sikter). Ballastmaterialet for støpeformstykker har for trinnsvis en gjennomsnittlig partikkelstørrelse av 50-150 mesh (Tyler-sikter). Det foretrukne ballastmateriale for anvendelse for vanlige støpeformstykker er siliciumdioxyd, idet minst 70 vekt%, fortrinnsvis minst 85 vekt%, av sanden ut-gjøres av siliciumdioxyd. Blant andre egnede ballastmaterialer kan nevnes zirkon, aluminiumsilikatsand eller kromittsand etc. When a shaped foundry material is produced, the ballast material to be used is one that is commonly used in the production of shaped foundry materials, and it consists in particular of sand. If a normal shaped foundry material of the sand type is produced, the ballast material used has a sufficient particle size to provide a sufficient porosity in the shaped foundry material so that volatile materials will escape from the mold during casting. The term "ordinary shaped foundry materials of the sand type" as used herein is intended to apply to shaped foundry materials with a sufficient porosity that volatile materials will be able to escape therefrom during casting. Generally, at least 80 by weight, preferably approx. 90 by weight, of the ballast material used for shaped foundry material, an average particle size of not less than approx. 150 mesh (Tyler sieves). The ballast material for casting mold pieces has an average particle size of 50-150 mesh (Tyler sieves) for each step. The preferred ballast material for use for ordinary mold pieces is silicon dioxide, with at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight, of the sand being silicon dioxide. Other suitable ballast materials include zircon, aluminum silicate sand or chromite sand etc.
Selv om det anvendte ballastmateriale fortrinnsvis er tørt, kan det inneholde små mengder fuktighet, f.eks. opp til 0. 5 vekt% eller ennu høyere, basert på vekten av ballastmaterialet. Ved vanlige støperianvendelser av sandtypen er bindemiddelmengden vanligvis ikke større enn 10 vekt%, og den er fortrinnsvis 0,5-7 vekt%, basert på vekten av ballastmaterialet. Som regel ligger bindemiddelinnholdet innen om-rådet 1-5 vekt%, basert på vekten av ballastmaterialet for vanlige støperiformstykker:av sandtypen. Although the ballast material used is preferably dry, it may contain small amounts of moisture, e.g. up to 0.5% by weight or even higher, based on the weight of the ballast material. In common foundry applications of the sand type, the amount of binder is usually not greater than 10% by weight, and it is preferably 0.5-7% by weight, based on the weight of the ballast material. As a rule, the binder content is in the range of 1-5% by weight, based on the weight of the ballast material for ordinary foundry mold pieces: of the sand type.
Når bindemiddelsysternene ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes for fremstilling av vanlige støpef ormstykker av sandtypen,-anvendes følgende trinn: 1. En støperiblanding tilberedes som inneholder et ballastmateriale (f.eks. sand) og bindemidlet. 2. Støperiblandingen innføres i en form eller modell for å oppnå den ønskede utformning. 3. Den formede gjenstand tillates å oppnå en minimumshold-fasthet i formen. 4. Den formede gjenstand fjernes derefter fra formen eller modellen slik at den kan herde ytterligere, hvorved fås en hård, fast, herdet formet støperigjenstand. When the binder systems according to the invention are used for the production of ordinary sand-type casting moulds, the following steps are used: 1. A foundry mixture is prepared which contains a ballast material (e.g. sand) and the binder. 2. The foundry mixture is introduced into a mold or model to achieve the desired design. 3. The shaped object is allowed to achieve a minimum holding strength in the shape. 4. The shaped article is then removed from the mold or model so that it can harden further, thereby producing a hard, solid, hardened shaped casting article.
Støperiblandingen kan eventuelt inneholde andre bestand-deler, som jernoxyd, malte linfibre, trekornslag, bek eller ildfaste mel etc. The foundry mixture may possibly contain other constituents, such as iron oxide, ground flax fibres, wood grain layers, pitch or refractory flour etc.
Et spesielt verdifullt tilsetningsmiddel for polymer-materialet ifølge oppfinnelsen er et silan med den generelle formel A particularly valuable additive for the polymer material according to the invention is a silane with the general formula
hvori R' er et hydrocarbonradikal, fortrinnsvis et alkylradikal, med 1-6 carbonatomer og R et alkylradikal, et alkoxy- in which R' is a hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical, with 1-6 carbon atoms and R an alkyl radical, an alkoxy-
substituert alkylradikal eller et alkylaminosubstituert alkylradikal hvori alkylgruppene har 1-6 carbonatomer. Når det ovennevnte silan anvendes, anvendes i alminnelighet . en kon-sentrasjon av 0,1-2 vekt%, basert på bindemidlet, og for-bedrer vedheftningen til støpeballastpartiklene. substituted alkyl radical or an alkylamino-substituted alkyl radical in which the alkyl groups have 1-6 carbon atoms. When the above-mentioned silane is used, it is generally used. a concentration of 0.1-2% by weight, based on the binder, and improves adhesion to the casting ballast particles.
Eksempler på en del egnede silaner omfatter dessuten ^-aminopropyltriethoxysilan [NH2 (CH2) 3Si (OC2H,-) 3] og tri-', methoxysilylpropetylendiamin [NII2CH2CII2NII (C112)3Si (OCH3)3]. Examples of some suitable silanes also include ^-aminopropyltriethoxysilane [NH2 (CH2) 3Si (OC2H,-) 3] and tri-', methoxysilylpropylenediamine [NII2CH2CII2NII (C112)3Si (OCH3)3].
Metoder for å fordele polymeren på ballastmaterialetMethods for distributing the polymer on the ballast material
er velkjente for en fagmann innen dette tekniske område.are well known to a person skilled in the art.
For at den foreliggende oppfinnelse bedre skal forstås er den beskrevet nedenfor ved hjelp av enkelte eksempler som angår tilveiebringelse av formede støperigjenstander. Alle deler er basert på vekt dersom intet annet er angitt. In order for the present invention to be better understood, it is described below with the help of some examples relating to the provision of shaped foundry objects. All parts are based on weight unless otherwise stated.
De nedenstående eksempler A-G angår enkelte typiske fremstillinger av fulvener. The following examples A-G relate to some typical preparations of fulvens.
Eksempel A Fremstilling av methylisobutylfulven Example A Preparation of methylisobutylfulvene
Ca. 2,5 mol cyclopentadien og ca. 2,5 mol methyliso-butylketon reageres i nærvær av en natriumethoxydkataly-sator. Reaksjonen utføres ved en temperatur av 23-25°C i ca. 5,5 timer. Utbyttet er ca. 60%, og produktet destilleres i overensstemmelse med metoden beskrevet av Kice, JAC 80, 3796 (1958) . Fraksjonen koker ved 92-94°C, har et nD25 av 15210 og består ifølge gasskromatografianalyse av 97% methylisobutylfulven. About. 2.5 mol of cyclopentadiene and approx. 2.5 mol of methyl isobutyl ketone are reacted in the presence of a sodium ethoxide catalyst. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 23-25°C for approx. 5.5 hours. The yield is approx. 60%, and the product is distilled in accordance with the method described by Kice, JAC 80, 3796 (1958). The fraction boils at 92-94°C, has an nD25 of 15210 and, according to gas chromatography analysis, consists of 97% methylisobutylfulvene.
Eksempel BExample B
Fremstilling av methylethylfulvenPreparation of methylethylfulvene
Ca. 3 mol cyclopentadien og ca. 3 mol methylethylketon reageres i nærvær av en ionebytteharpikskatalysator. Reaksjonen utføres ved 14-41°C i ca. 3 timer fulgt av ytterligere 16 timer tilnærmet ved værelsetemperatur. Utbyttet er ca. 42%, og produktet blir destillert i overensstemmelse med metoden beskrevet av McCain i J. Chem. Soc, 23 , 682 (1958). About. 3 mol cyclopentadiene and approx. 3 moles of methyl ethyl ketone are reacted in the presence of an ion exchange resin catalyst. The reaction is carried out at 14-41°C for approx. 3 hours followed by a further 16 hours approximately at room temperature. The yield is approx. 42%, and the product is distilled in accordance with the method described by McCain in J. Chem. Soc, 23 , 682 (1958).
2 5 2 5
Fraksjonen koker ved 67-69 C, har en nDav 15330 og består ifølge gasskromatografianalyse av 91,0% fulven, 5,6% dicyclopentadien og 3,4% ukjent bestanddel. The fraction boils at 67-69 C, has an nDav 15330 and, according to gas chromatography analysis, consists of 91.0% fulvene, 5.6% dicyclopentadiene and 3.4% unknown component.
EksempelExample
Methyl f en<yl>fulven.Methyl f en<yl>fulvene.
I en 2 liters trehalset kolbe fylles 1000 ml isopropylalkohol, 300 ml methanol og 10 g natrium. Nydestiliert cyclopendadien (180 g) og 261 g acetofenon blandes og tilsettes langsomt under omrøring til oppløsningen i kolben. Reaksjonen får forløpe ved værelsetemperatur. Éfter 1,5 time er tilsetningen avsluttet. Reaksjonsblandingen blandes med vann, og det organiske lag ekstraheres i hexan. Hexan-ekstrakten vaskes med vann og avdrives. Det råe methylfenylfulven destilleres (80-85°C/0,l mm), og destillatet er en rubinrød væske. 1000 ml of isopropyl alcohol, 300 ml of methanol and 10 g of sodium are filled into a 2 liter three-necked flask. Freshly distilled cyclopentadiene (180 g) and 261 g of acetophenone are mixed and added slowly with stirring to the solution in the flask. The reaction is allowed to proceed at room temperature. After 1.5 hours, the addition is complete. The reaction mixture is mixed with water, and the organic layer is extracted into hexane. The hexane extract is washed with water and evaporated. The crude methylphenylfulvene is distilled (80-85°C/0.1 mm), and the distillate is a ruby-red liquid.
Eksempel DExample D
PentamethylenfulvenPentamethylenefulvene
I en kolbe inneholdende 500 ml isopropylalkohol ogIn a flask containing 500 ml of isopropyl alcohol and
10 g 25%-ig natriummethylatoppløsning innføres en blanding av 150 g cyclopentadien og 200 g cyclohexanon i løpet av 2■ timer. Når tilsetningen er avsluttet, blandes blandingen med vann, og det organiske skikt ekstraheres i hexan. 10 g of 25% sodium methylate solution are introduced into a mixture of 150 g of cyclopentadiene and 200 g of cyclohexanone over the course of 2 hours. When the addition is finished, the mixture is mixed with water, and the organic layer is extracted into hexane.
Eksempel EExample E
DifenylfulvenDiphenylfulvene
Tilnærmet ekvimolekylære mengder av benzofenon og cyclopentadien reageres i en ethanol/natriumethoxydoppløsning ifølge metoden beskrevet av Kice i JACS 80, 3796 (1958). De erholdte mørkerøde krystaller rekrystalliseres fra ethanol og tørkes under vakuum. Approximately equimolecular amounts of benzophenone and cyclopentadiene are reacted in an ethanol/sodium methoxy solution according to the method described by Kice in JACS 80, 3796 (1958). The dark red crystals obtained are recrystallized from ethanol and dried under vacuum.
Eksempel FExample F
FurylfulvenThe furyl fulven
Tilnærmet ekvimolekylære mengder av furfural og cyclopentadien reageres i nærvær av en diethylaminkatalysator og ca. 33% methanoloppløsningsmiddel ifølge metoden beskrevet av C. Schmidt i Chem. Ber.,.Volum 90, side 1352, 1957. Et viskøst, mørkt materiale skilles fra vannskiktet. Approximately equimolecular amounts of furfural and cyclopentadiene are reacted in the presence of a diethylamine catalyst and approx. 33% methanol solvent according to the method described by C. Schmidt in Chem. Ber.,.Volume 90, page 1352, 1957. A viscous, dark material separates from the water layer.
Eksempel GExample G
PirnethylfulvenPirnethylfulvene
Tilnærmet ekvimolekylære mengder av aceton og cyclopentadien reageres i nærvær av en aminkatalysator ifølge metoden beskrevet av Freiesleben i Chem. Ab., Volum 59, 9914A, 1963, Produktet separeres fra vannskiktet og vakuum- Approximately equimolecular amounts of acetone and cyclopentadiene are reacted in the presence of an amine catalyst according to the method described by Freiesleben in Chem. Ab., Volume 59, 9914A, 1963, The product is separated from the water layer and vacuum
destilleres.is distilled.
Eksempler- 1— 8Examples- 1— 8
Støperisandblandinger fremstilles ved å blande sand med. bindemiddelblandingene gjengitt i den nedenstående tabell. De erholdte støperisandblandinger formes derefter til- standard AFS-strekkfasthetprøvestykker under anvendelse av standard-metodene. De herdede prøvestykker undersøkes for å fastslå deres strekkfasthet og hardhet. Den anvendte polymer er en furanpolymer erholdt ved reaksjon av 37,27 vektdeler furfurylalkohol, ca. 51,45 vektdeler urea-formaldehydkonsentrat med tilnærmet ekvimolekylære mengder av urea og formaldehyd, Foundry sand mixtures are produced by mixing sand with the binder mixtures given in the table below. The foundry sand mixtures obtained are then formed into standard AFS tensile test pieces using the standard methods. The hardened specimens are examined to determine their tensile strength and hardness. The polymer used is a furan polymer obtained by reaction of 37.27 parts by weight of furfuryl alcohol, approx. 51.45 parts by weight urea-formaldehyde concentrate with approximately equimolecular amounts of urea and formaldehyde,
ca. 0,20 -vektdeler h3P04 og ca. 0,10 vektdeler KOH. Den anvendte syrekatalysator er toluensulfonsyre. Silanet er ~ jl-aminopropyltriethoxysilan. Ca. 3000 vektdeler av sanden blandes med ca. 13,5 vektdeler av syrekatalysatoren og ca. about. 0.20 parts by weight h3P04 and approx. 0.10 parts by weight KOH. The acid catalyst used is toluenesulfonic acid. The silane is ~jl-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. About. 3000 parts by weight of the sand are mixed with approx. 13.5 parts by weight of the acid catalyst and approx.
45 vektdeler åv furanpolymeren, fulven, furfurylalkohol og silanforpakning. I tabellen er strekkfasthetsverdiene i kg/cm 2 og hardhetsverdiene gjengitt. 45 parts by weight of the furan polymer, fulvene, furfuryl alcohol and silane packaging. The table shows the tensile strength values in kg/cm 2 and the hardness values.
Selv om strekkfasthetene for bindemidlene hvori fulvenene erstatter varierende mengder av furfurylalkohol er lavere enn strekkfasthetene uten fulvenene, gir bruk av. fulvenene tilfredsstillende resultater for et støperibinde-middel og er langt rimeligere enn å anvende de større -mengder av furfurylalkohol. Although the tensile strengths of the binders in which the fulvens replace varying amounts of furfuryl alcohol are lower than the tensile strengths without the fulvens, the use of The fulvens give satisfactory results for a casting binder and are far less expensive than using the larger amounts of furfuryl alcohol.
Eksempler 9 og 10Examples 9 and 10
Støpesandblandinger fremstilles ved å blande 2000 g Wedron 5010-sand med 24 g av en bindemiddelblanding inneholdende 40 vekt% furanpolymer av den type som er anvendt i eksemplene 1-8, ca. 0,15% av silanet anvendt i eksemplene 1-8, og varierende mengder av furfurylalkohol (FA) og • fulven som gjengitt i den nedenstående tabell, og med 16 g methylethylketonper.oxyd. De erholdte sandblandinger formes derefter til standard AFS-strekkfasthetsprøvestykker under anvendelse av standardmetoden. Prøvestykkene herdes ved gassing med SO^i 5 sekunder dersom intet annet er angitt, og de spyles derefter med luft i 10 sekunder dersom intet annet er angitt. De herdede prøvestykker undersøkes for å fastslå strekkfastheten. Foundry sand mixtures are prepared by mixing 2000 g of Wedron 5010 sand with 24 g of a binder mixture containing 40% by weight of furan polymer of the type used in examples 1-8, approx. 0.15% of the silane used in examples 1-8, and varying amounts of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and • fulvene as given in the table below, and with 16 g of methyl ethyl ketone peroxyd. The resulting sand mixtures are then formed into standard AFS tensile test pieces using the standard method. The test pieces are cured by gassing with SO^ for 5 seconds if nothing else is specified, and they are then purged with air for 10 seconds if nothing else is specified. The hardened test pieces are examined to determine the tensile strength.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO801741A NO801741L (en) | 1980-06-11 | 1980-06-11 | MIXING FOR CASTING FORM. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO801741A NO801741L (en) | 1980-06-11 | 1980-06-11 | MIXING FOR CASTING FORM. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO801741L true NO801741L (en) | 1981-12-14 |
Family
ID=19885528
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO801741A NO801741L (en) | 1980-06-11 | 1980-06-11 | MIXING FOR CASTING FORM. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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NO (1) | NO801741L (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-06-11 NO NO801741A patent/NO801741L/en unknown
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