NO774357L - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF CELLULOSE BY THE SULPHATE METHOD - Google Patents

Description

Ereaøcsrøcaåt© by frccictill iag cv ct&luloco vea

The present invention relates to the production of bleached cellulose fibers and tubes, especially for the production of light cellulose fibers in which the chemical compounds are detected and their properties are used in different ways. efficiency with an islnirsal loss cg resulting pollution by recycling and prohibited saver rawlso of products so.3 previously I>lc considered sora svfcll fraluassebieke processes.

In der* conv ven s j oneli e cancer process, raw cellulose fiber materials, usually wood chips, are digested by uppøiug in a 2ccj;e-vsskc (bvitlit) containing srøtri\s&-3ulf id and nsftrluo-tfydrol^vd soic co active !iokekj "Alkalis." Opi>ol "it thing gives a f ibemessc and brulzt kokov&ske (black liquor). avarti aten is separated from the mass by vaslcing in eo bru^asse-vcskeiiTaretning on cjossess ciivendss sosa supply in a bleaching plant for bleaching and cleaning operations.

:.;vartitites2 Itor.scstrered then vcaly by iar<y>dora^isg and the kcssaerstered answer lut braked in a reducing furnace tii to give a sncXte iasehöideride in first reit!:©. natriianSsærfcaaat cg netritrt-cralfid.

Ssioitea is then read into the vein to give a raw<*>,gr<i^llslfc<l>,soo &ao Iwlares to remove unilluminated solids. erUnnlute» is then iicnastized, usually vea 2>ehendli»g raed CcO to end-ene nc.trivKnkc-rb&FiEt til&etritir:ihvdrorSsyd. The rcsiiltore-ide: wash is so:elt white lye and is used for the own understood opi;sulting step:i to -give in the oinst es. part ev Ixelæl<g>tight.

Stes f0re5Ser.de triiiiiseljveas or circuits are well known and osfceles fiori as fcoSceras^e-» :ret siopet.

S&ekealegøjærGsjoRs innaefstter generally e» se&vesjs with bladder and rc^sc trims sont nen combined with veefretrirm. Dlelsc— the steps©cif&fcter generally brak «v bleachejaidlcr, soej' e.g. Sdor or chlordio^syd and roasetrins.e oiafats veshiixjer©g bebaiidlings down s^etriurohyaroiis/dopplcising, so-called ksustisls extrojc-i."

3a special bleaching agent is used in a research group or the present invention istabef after ea initial bleaching or the sauce cied a aqueous XtSsnisg containing chlorodiol solution and iuior>an eelXesaliggeaå vasJiisag, a caustic e^stration or bru"& ev aqueous actritLr^/drolcs^dlb^ing . they soTæltc njzsm or 3/c 3*>!£E> sequences.

A common I:ilde for klerdic&syd for the ice operation is a ^lordio^s/dgcaeretor sheep produces l&ordiok&yd, usually sos a vaadi loading ev idordio1:syd and lilor by reduction ev a chlorinated salt soici e.g. netr itcaLleret. Sl ilte Sdordidks<y>d generators use ea supply sv l-l^GG^sora is.dset down a blending«vKetritEi&loret sso©Jietriuralflorid to give a ldordio^syd«bleJceprodui;t and a iistriurasulf at bipreduct (seltlic) .

33e» the present inventionjifcavtter laoJ^elut-efrstsltSpet, essi described, in the preceding, in tasdes iued a svovcllsretelop. Sulfuric acid sludge utilizes a part of the green water in the Isoliclucflirets l^pet and iiisr ovensbc&i&ndlinga- and sjelteoppliis.niKgs-trinncac- together down the cokelut-laretslopot. The cronniuten which is used in the sulphur-root sliip is Usrbonized with under e&vendeioe- of combustion gas, sco produces three phases. One is approximately gas phase med©ntreat pure Ixvdrogeasulf id* the other is ea solid phase

ev nstrirabilscrbs-nafc, and the remaining an aqueous bag-phase iaacfoeldcEsde the soluble farurcsofiiKgers ifcxSnaluten, laovedoekily Chlorides. S^droensuifidfcsea eadaanec to n^SO^ at the ofcsydose psoStffctet cnvende so;?, tilfcirsol in ea Tslor-dioct^generotor• Stea fes©ev ©ev L<7>eHC03l:en ©rndsanes at

•fcauotiæriBg to give a relatively rea supply for Itaustic c2;strQl£oioiiotrnn in a bloSieselrveiis or lien furnace treated to "further melt" aea aqueous phase, place bs5yfc I-tloridinhli»ld#used messing sera supply in a iOLordiolisydceasretor which as a source of Iclcrider or cas supplied to a salt-sterilization facility, in which some additional chlorides are removed prior to operation*

KetriiKiS52i£et«bi|3rednl.itet f re Tslordieltoydgeaeratorea©vnsSænesdles ssxaeaEisd de» landc^eåe. or 'i:oncentered sverfclut to deaacs a common e^alto and then further fjronlut, idst this completes the sulfur';iretsleik.

Set entes st. The l*arbonieering reactions of the fresagangs EiofeOJi ilienliold to the present invention farcgdr cos entved in the fSlgeade,- nen the bs^£irl;;es st res&sjoaeae are shown for a blissfully easier understanding- of the ©;s>pf the inlen, as fccjzasnaesi will know «st Realstion l^-seneriteno in green melt and combustion gases are frozen impure products.

by fre7ii©eagsE5ist<5n in laææhøld to the invention l:en scob rjjcnnouÆ^ra ca uliye. balanced operation «sides application of f^elastisrctslbpet©<j svbveiTirctslb"vK3t in tø^deia. the invention will now be teafcreved. iser detailed by kenvieaiec? to the vsd£b<*>yd figures, in which: S'icj- i is a schematic diagram illustrates a tvpislé eelltaasefreListing .in use cv a .lasSælfct-3uretslutø« a ZftGffæe&eeg, htordiohsydgeserntor to produce blelxeiftsnlnger •

i?ig* 2 is a. s^jeiaatisl: strck^is^sj^ijenju sos illustrates cuailulccefrestilliias «ader lavender, se of etkc-IssIuthrotslors in fcon&inssion saed a hoverXTtrefcslop, c?g a bls^eesleejg. In this experiment, a part of the frensfcilte astri*»5*-bikerboaefc is seen and used in the bleaching operation and uttrorsaing for re ;:ar«joalseriRgtaraet:. used so\ a in the past! tii<*>;i©rdiei-isyd« cyeserGtorea *

Etorbrzfc: ev lijd-iitaelier eg indications in the subsequent description are rjitt. in fcg~e%vivclcater soss Tireves for &

produce a toi^a air-tight cellulose.

With reference to Fig*1, the basic J;o>-;clut-l:retslop is shown in fcæsbiaction place a Chlorine dioxide generator* thus supplied with fiber containing cellulose etcrial, sos-j. e.g.* wood chips/ by li jei" of the line 10 into the Stoker 12 in which the wood chips are enclosed down a fto&dut tributor with the help of nv the line 14 containing SeOH and £I&yS son essential l£ol;ekjerjiT;Glier" Ston&Jallise tcp in the tøkera" constitutes about 11.1 Thq i^c^eefvivelent, ositrest 2.04 Sg sulfur eg ccitrcnt 0.2? IsgKeturiu?jhvdreiiLsyd, besert on a tc-næ. luffctSrhet saseesmsStfifc fra©siegget. rsskeluten tilfStøt yjen^es ledsisges 14 innaheldoF approximately 123.7 hg aetsiuasul*: id, estrent 310 *&S natri<y>iJ?/dffDlj>Ey<a, oistront 3.7 Ssy natriui^s^lfet, cc&zcst 31.7 tsg natriuntiarbcasfe, about 9«045 I:g sodium chloride and csitrent 2 SCS hg vsna.-

The resulting sassse os brifet hekelut is fed againon the line 15, and the cGESca is washed and separated before the hamlete &e?sol%tfc in the Ibru^sisse-vcsiieiiasiretnincjen 16*. The vcshed nsa unbleached pulp is fed to the line 20 to the bleaching system 22' in which the pulp undergoes a rdiike preeeoser«sed bleaching and reasiaø soa in cføfc isia-ste in a step includes ferufc of fclordictfcssyd. X>isse q■ sosbbobx h&n <s£ctte further bleaching or cleaning triaa aaSer savea&øls® of ca heustleh extrahcja» in which vaasJiga discharges cv natriUDt*yoreS$sya fcilfSree crjeaaori ledniagea 26. Geacrelt wipe naceea uo&dry cacrsEjoaea in hichesalegget, typis2t after every blelsstrian or housfcic extrek&jonstriaa, ve£ hjel*?ev veaa access «cfjeaam tø&Qi&gca. 28"The used bag voan from washe-orscresjoaeac: in the blehcaalegget, caraaea ne3 <Se brought kje&icalies from triaac-ae by bleach layer and caustic ehstrekajea, sent out gjenaam leétaisigea 10 sos ufcstrbtøiisø fr? biekesagst

Soone afcctrosaiag from the block investment in ledaiagea IS, does c.t constitute a possible feas? - es fsrureasaiag, kuane considered eoæ added to «lea brought Iiohevsake in Icrlniagen 36, ziea deaac ruetccle cr not lleukbar sA grvesa cv st vesaatile rseagder ev chlorides would be tiieott in esystsju&t for cellalosehohiagea andEtedfSre errosjoa i>1 the equipment and then fcle-ridcs: not resgerer in fiette kretci<y>p will sle eK&saalGre seo sters neng&sr 1«3&2 useful netericles in !*retal$pot. Seni shown in the eager figures ill dea forollggeade ©i^of ianclsc liise; the problem sc£ build-up or useless laerides in tøTawjcsifee-hretslGt es wiser give a aatriui^h^bo?ietpr©fcJaiit sod easy hea ojafiaaaes to astriUQayaro&eyd and is returned sc3 ca ayttie ho^eaeafc to either Isokevsshel^eteiape-t or for «rift « v pale-ealsgget.

lm hlsrdi^£sy*i-developed eahet 24 cuvesd QgSD^, HeClO, and naCl sem for sel and produces hlortliohsyd sosa celebrated øjcsasera le«2aiag©a 30 iaa in Mcitesaicgget 22*Typical aavea&es oiutreat 10.8 Ise?csstreæt IS, S hg<«>a£103cg cotreat 43.1 hg ELySC^ father to prepare oiutreat 11.1 hg hlerdiol;syd and o-afcreat 6#? hg here. •eafcreat 25.5 hg solt&e&e, na^SC^, is produced cg'tilfares ejeaaea letfaingea 32 to evaea .34. Even oa cvaca 24 'is equipped cicå a felliagsiuarccfcaiag 36 it is ot tcp in forl^reaaiagsgesceao- pa oisfcrcat 1.3 hg So^G-equivolcat, 1.67 £g sulfur and entroat 0.13 kg ikd.

Sea used tough calf f&res gjesaea. 1g6b1e£ga 36 to iaa&erj&orcs 33 and sratcriolGuo fsra Ccr& Q forea «jjenaaai leSaingcaa to ov-aea S4*3ea asslte* soss fcuastilles ievaen34. supplied in saclte^g^tøarøcs 42 for d £g>cx3sbillc griirsKlut son is stripped by- fcilsc&sincj sv sede-asko, in ca rass&As go oratreat 52, G kg ©g re-kauetiDcres?ire-kauatIseriagsituivetnlogen 43. De» re-SrausUserte cggylltenlss' tilfores- by lijelp cv ledalagc^ 46 issa in the colliore 12 clik&t<l>^æwui&^-lftefød&<g>set fulfores.

£2eA ueavisniag to fig. 2 shows therein the txikev^slæ-kjret©lo^efc in fig. i i toederi down efc 6V©vel2a*etsl?ij^. i:» sasagcle ^r<3nalat iii?;£kol*ie^5iQ iJogS-ekviVviXc^t ^il e-Eifcrejst 42.0 kg li?øo^ (required for klerdioxy^eacæstG^eE 23 based on a tor.» Iijfttdrket celi-uloscprod^kt) is extracted f re^site-oi^aaeresi 42 gjennon leaeisgcsi and f&rco lan for-karljo^ieeringsijelioltlereij 52. F©r~l£arl3o»iserirjgeS>etiol6eirei3. nightes: tilftsrjjel of eD^-gas gjca^e-æ lensingenMf re kikc-rSjosattåret 36» 3ot f-Dr-kerboiaiiserfee. &atcrlal tilforesQjeaoflæi Icdisiago» SO 13& in i^r-stripnefcårset €0 where vtt^liger jCRilxrlsorjCitl^sniag or op^clcæwimg tiif&res gJcssoLi IcQalngen 62 cg Ijral^. e^plosnisg returacroc gjetiseai IcåBingcn 6<i to MkarJjoaattarnct 56. fetrent srcn g-ccsforo tilfares gjeæxso Xedaingcn CC into oIssydesJc^siasaretaiGtjesi CS for f^crr&riago L^:r?., or -^^0^. Sees thus prepared ov^vod-syr» fCJres sjoasaai le&sslngea 70 eoa to&rselimii klerdiG&syd-geueratorea 24 ciik a cvovelkret slokt f<y>sllfcrses.

&sS special benvlsniag to bi-^02rl30?.isori?igotiriist SC sea constitutes es voseatable part of asleggst eaiji envesuea at o^XJfiaaclsen, «•aotfce-sr this tower cc<q>ec source for -CO^^ortecaaiBiycgasB gj cases Ic&l&sca 72, colv em it. will tcvq clearly Gt CO^£ro en kvilkc-Ls the coal kiMe Ttaa sleeping. HkirboDiGeriagcre^iajoiieri otfsXlsi"et relefciv-S; seat KeEe^-^rsduct cora easily kas separated by el'atries^iS!atDk^iaiiålit;g and re-ka»xfcieere$ by bGSutø&llag seed €at) to ti gi afc hearth reat iJsCl^prodtifct for fcrak in the alexas law 22 or fer to erofcBEpe or £rcai£sri£jge further SactøsiGSJ". 3" ev it kssrko^i&crto];edakt ssvcades in ^^G-ctrii^or^BStør to fsrigi S-^ S. S&Serlisfcea from. olutrieriueen, IfeoTCSix-Tælig chlorides, aEiva2f.ee in dot t^iscta partly sob a kiido fos- lilc-rlder in kler-di«2';;c:^dgei:eretéreri 24.

It IxsaocSsoc pd this pualÆ a blcSieaalecc-utctr^iiisiagea, especially e2;£tral:sj«asuteti^-x«sL^ Is&fifcolåsrråc large c&sgtøc' cv fclerlGcir tei sctsraares to J^xv^s^e-TairctGlucet. <3a fcloridofæ is removed in cvovcISxocf3liipct sg used con supply in lderdie&2&3-geaoratores» ^istsrGiisjonsutstr^riiiis^ret^zr^ores .thus fm l&eftceaXesget, 22 gjeæiæa lctioi&ces 10 to JaruaasssG-vat&s-tnarct&i&s&a 16 é$ o^vendec acers additional habit at vac&l

56

••øjCi'i25osi ledK-i&gcti ^2 fro ufefeilingsi*inretaiBgea '36 irvaerualdG*: oiotrent 15 weightii co^. Pet Ini&oExtssde C02 tfoaser medi&^S or? ?3cCO* to' fres&riage Sencc--. Even 2>i~>:e<y>?b^is:eriagsfedr?set 55 feas work at tr^li; on from at&OGfsxetsvt£:et tii ccttrent 7 Izg/ czr and at tenperefcurer fira 25 to 100°C, iser pr^xiel; crøc&ds fr?; atniosfsrctrvISiet error aaferesrifc 2.1 Jig/cm** and eEjfcartKst; 50 to ib0oc, Eoved^sdu&tcsie from. M-Aarboisiseriasotdrjict 56 is fjasas^

and ei: s-aorid-tilS&Srsel for Tflerdiolioydgcsseratorea 24. 2 ferw 3xsr2»BieeriS2Qcbeholder«. S2 læaandles e^o:anlut from loåsiagcn SO down e;v, lttsaing of :7eEO0u inneliollende «ioe co., from the bi-2«ar2»niserl»3rjo tower SG*a& asus tøs&andlitig gjeaaoiafores preferred in a- XiiUiæt container ve5 ataossfaretrv!:^ to reduce ctaaaelGe and loss of r^S ccj to a tnioitsicu Daa 2x£u&adleåc opplOteniag from for-k^ri»sicer.inga!bdholdrei': £2 £&dgs preferably ledaljsorø SS to "strippeli^loaaea 60 Liver The monthling is stripped, destroyed by fertifc of dos*?for- u free in n^s in l^e^se^rered and almost clean for». E^S fjords from o^g^tøal&ststt preferred by «jclp ev fledi3;-strir,v>ias'or valzaa^etrivi^l^SSsrø?oi:olooæi&g læidholdejTÆe- t&SSisCg tiif iSres

<gje;2isem iG&aiaseQ 62 and to£;t 15saing im&c&olCGsÆe £a,,CC^ retari-ierea to ?;i-!sar&)oai3erir*«starnet. 56 gjessio» lcdningoa Sd*.Dc^p aave-^d-2S foret the talk sos strit>pc:r.iddcl da es gjcavAsmiao'cv. L^S-^esc Ijes «j^^ors&Sres ez&clt val fseade^cerc der«pe» from M-ssidii-ige;.3 of dssj.* and

%-e-sraolosciie with M-*^&o«iseriiig or? strdji^iiiig £a;i g^emioraforeo in kvil&ea b£Ls& trøe of tatetvr co^vensjo::iolt aavonSes for 'operasjojce-r down geæs-absos&ojoa or stripping, thus **r filled kcl03r*esr» i/lstoltolosinor, first ^v^isgsJioloaiier colotms

down laøB&isucsltg vsdfcafies© ea&ixt for &rcfc. t%st£? for snsttrfefjses-di^arcjoa Ise:* beneficial arsvendec in the M-Iær&raissr^g'» tear.

released E^S is supplied cje&u&i lc3?3iur;ea CC to røovel^^aisledgefe CS tsvosr £«,,3 ©Iioyderc-Q. to s&g ss:." e^lUses in cd 3^^x£ltføz&ict •allow«i ct S^^-^M&itet.

Sea produced EySfy. f^res lan i^Lordio^ff/d^oneratorcsn 24 ses supply»Ssa se!fe!eT;e- sou fræ-stilles eos-j et tai&ro3s£&fr^iaogdio;^/ds-cv;Qirs:tyrcr4 24 fiircs cjJeaao2lc&Bisasea 32 til©vaen 34 lives Æsas Ov^.sbcIiv:i2dlo.9 aepxae»» down irjsd^;et Sscu&t :xo^GVi2s!.'.c? seed.

In this case, excess eli^iCO.,, onatrate 30.7 *;;;g, is supplied to a ro-causticization device 76 sot:: cadaatter Co^CO^til©trent 43.1 *cg HaOH which is appropriately fed again ledaingeii 76 to bleSceanlegget 22 and eiweiides veci blekco<g>ercsjonea. Sx «assen, even oa that if necessary can be used to blunt or frenetille Itelævæslce.

because of problems in the various stages of the operation of a 3-iraft shaft, it is necessary to add caustic alkali (NaOK) and in some cases additional sulfur removal. X as great a gre.d as aulig tij ores this by using salt?i&ke, rasa on grunn or demncs sulfur content keis seltfcake usually ill be fully utilized, and additional kaufcisik soda will be needed. It is visited at the fre^aagsjaatea shown in fig. 2 produce caustic si&aii in excess frc< salt cake without supplying excessive amounts of sulfur to the feofcevsækca.

Prerøg&tsQsisåteB Issa e.g. varied raed fcle&esefcvens son will give extents with different sa^nensctslss, or by co&inasions with other eellulose production processes seed special exii&al iék^v or by-products.

ofønomisSi© or environmental factors lian also become dense fte&sys in raodifikejoaer, e.g. at an export forum where a race breed*-

sequence- «ed D SSDEj} is used in 'blel:eeiileggct 22. Sar dease selcvecG er.veLideo kea hole tatstrtøaniagcai from ble^cesiegget refisrseres error brt^ÆGce-vcs^eiaaretrti^gcit 16 sli??,&t ell atsferonaiKcj from Slelseasleø^ adriftea is utilized and thereby eliminated. Ca tSsket x»a ca seltkrysUallisatbr is added ion in connection with bi-l£or£»oniceriKgsfeurnet TÆ and nctrlrøfchloride in almost real form ftoa d-s recovered.

X3ea subsequent ttibell gives sarjaea-like lijeisifcalieforsv eg geviast-Jbalesiser fer the freageagssnæt according to ti! but the present invention is also operated according to the conditions in fig. 2 (Cpelte r.,} and aed esi total recycling cv blelieaolegg^ ufcstatønnis^ea (Smelte 3) in coiixieslIgning' «ed a plant is seen working sed a normal ^ev^teSiretelisp (Spelte 0 * Claims and gains are given in kg Igecitelier s3dveadig to branchjbricse a torna lufttbrl^et raasse*

Claims (1)

1. ftrc^ c^ aG &te ves" frenstiltig of cellulose by sulfate-pror-eccea, k c r a c t o r in black w e d £<SXging step a) fiberSioldig ccllttlosesaaterial turned up©, &) filsamaoee-a avluten, produced by the nss?ate opcl ?it itigcitriUit aspereres, c) avliitea la&4sæ?es ©3 fcrennes in an ova for -to tf acse ea EKclte,' ' • &) meltca is thawed to this a gr&salut, ea part ev this tjsføK&ub lisustlslers and the raevnte && -astise?tc <g> rsJaalut atveenÆojj in the t.evnte ssluttirsgstrir^n, c) c:i part of there?. said grtfnnlut is treated to produce i^aE^O^ and this £S aH CO~ is used for f) treatment of a part ev groaniute" to tempt ill. hydrogen sulfide, g) in the ninth ea part© v the said l»vdrogca£j«l£id oria^ their fer prepare Ji^ ilO^ , h} i dot, aioste a part sv the cenrate H^ co^ cswoafiaa sos supply in eæ '-lordioii£>ydgenerator to •eecgere taed an el&xftisiecfaXllslor st and an allialiL?.ocall']s!orid to produce ClOp eg et elfcelinetalleulf that, and i) the □Gvnte- elkellaetc2l33lfat can be used tilfiircel in ovriCTij. 2 ffra^ sasssåt© sozaa given in claim 1, IN-; ereZ iterized in that it ccaj f ibsrhlig cellulose-material' «"s veadce tsevlsfco. 3. Pret^ jaisgcniåte so:a stated in larav 1, Tteralstorioesrt in that nom aldel inictall is used natriir:!. 4. rrcnsangeioåte soli engifct 1 !«rcv 1, «a a r q % fc e- s* i' s e r t v e d that forbrenalngsgascoae from the furnace in Ce) aowsaÆos in (c) for supply of cc2 for bt&ssiOlisg of grSa^ufcoa for a fres&rliag© iT&iGBg, 5.^ z& c^ z^ tzæto son aogitt in I^ rfcv 1, It a r a c t e r i e e r t v e d that cie^ -prodactct from ( h) is used for. blckiæg by nssse. 6» ^re^ ge^ gsrsåtc sem specified in lorav 1, k a r a li terized ve d. that the C102 -t>rodtict is ea vsY jdicj loonisg of CIO,,. V. rre:;^ ar-ge^K;c indicated in claim 1, kara fc tsrised by a Doderluten from Ce) after removing sv r:aSCOg applied son ea supply 1 SUroxide generatorea in |k}* S. ■.-Fr-eogacgssa&te saa eaveades i. krav 1, k e r c u t o r i r. e r t v c «3 that a læadeasst is prepared in (f) q<j H^ S is separated idst the condensate is used in Cd) for dOTv pX^se enclto. 9. 3rerøcu3&a&b& -sea eagitt in Ijrov 1, k a r a te t e.r i s e r t v e d that (b) gje;jaoii£Srce ocd a bru3T3asse-vae?:eiriaretaiSig and includes ea veskiK«. 10. Frei-igesgssate ccra specified in claim 9, characterized in that bleaching <y> tG trurxiE gci^ e-sveejdea eostj in the saisst eh part of «len mentioned vaeliiø <g> . 11. Milling process noa cars given in requirement 1" c a r a c t, e r i s e r t in that in the niztcto ea part of llaHOC^ fsesjutilt in (e) re-keusticeres and onvezides in eal æcæ&Létee-ssaki/eas, 12". yresgajrrjcoSte sod a&sitt- i larav 1, SurSiitcrieert at st .i it s& incfcc & n part& v isallC©^ frétilt in (not rc-kaustiserc-e and used ses* kokovecke in ■ Ca). 13* PrGTisfiis-gs^åtG cæj. c-^ltt in claim1 , 2: c r s !: S c ? i s o r t v- © d at: tftCCOj from (o) elsstriesre-c for & c-t isectca rcr*t £3Q^g*pffB &£s t • 14. Pre^ e^ cæiitc coa aagitfc 1 claim 1, ^ a r c li t e r i g e r t. in that $Etffi5dUate& 1 ( £) to & iacc^nae saca for-fceslsøitiecres by Zx&otictllug rocd tøeGSGC^ and COg.