NO771031L - PRODUCTS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE PREPARATION OF SCHIZOFRENI TREATMENTS. - Google Patents
PRODUCTS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE PREPARATION OF SCHIZOFRENI TREATMENTS.Info
- Publication number
- NO771031L NO771031L NO771031A NO771031A NO771031L NO 771031 L NO771031 L NO 771031L NO 771031 A NO771031 A NO 771031A NO 771031 A NO771031 A NO 771031A NO 771031 L NO771031 L NO 771031L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- group
- stated
- peptide
- atoms
- denotes
- Prior art date
Links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K5/1016—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aromatic or cycloaliphatic
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Abstract
Fremgangsmåte og produkt for behandling av schizofreni.Method and product for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår forbindelser og preparater somThe invention relates to compounds and preparations which
er egnet for "behandling av schizofreni. Mer spesielt angår oppfinnelsen behandling av schizofreni ved bruk av polypep- is suitable for the "treatment of schizophrenia. More particularly, the invention relates to the treatment of schizophrenia using polypep-
tider, omag-N-acylerte og/eller hydrokarbonholdige estere av polypeptider. Popypeptidene har fra 3 til ca. 8 alfa-aminosyregrupper og en karakteristisk struktur, særlig N-acylerte T-V-L-holdige polypeptider og deres tilsvarende amider som times, omag-N-acylated and/or hydrocarbon-containing esters of polypeptides. The poppy peptides have from 3 to approx. 8 alpha-amino acid groups and a characteristic structure, particularly N-acylated T-V-L-containing polypeptides and their corresponding amides which
f.eks. N-acyl-treonylvalylleucinamider.e.g. N-acyl-threonylvalylleucinamides.
Schizofreni er den alvorligste av alle mentale syk- Schizophrenia is the most serious of all mental illnesses.
dommer som psykiateren har til behandling. Hyppigheten er om-judgments that the psychiatrist has for treatment. The frequency is about
trent 1 pr. 1000 og prevalens omkring 1 pr. 100. Sykdommen er ansvarlig for 25 - 50% av alle innskrivninger på statens syke- trained 1 per 1000 and prevalence around 1 per 100. The disease is responsible for 25 - 50% of all enrollments in the state's
hus for mentalt syke og psykiatrisk behandling i vanlige sykehus (U.S.A.) (Kolb, Modern Clinical Psychiatry, side 311 - houses for the mentally ill and psychiatric treatment in regular hospitals (U.S.A.) (Kolb, Modern Clinical Psychiatry, page 311 -
312, 1973). 312, 1973).
De fleste pasienter som utvikler sykdommen oppleverMost patients who develop the disease experience
et forlop som er langsomt og snikende, selv om en mindre del av pasientene kan ha en akutt utvikling. Sykdommen karakteri- a course that is slow and insidious, although a smaller proportion of patients may have an acute development. The disease charac-
seres ved forstyrrelse av de fblelsesmessige reaksjoner sammen med tåkete eller utilstrekkelige uttrykk; ved forstyrrelse av seen by disturbance of the emotional reactions together with hazy or inadequate expressions; by disturbance of
tenkeevnenkarakterisert ved. manglende evne til å nå et mål, ved oppdeling av sammenhenger, ved forstyrret assosiasjons-evne, sperremekanismer, neologismer etc, ved tilbaketrekning fra omgivelsene og opptatthet av indre tanker, ved tap av evnen til å erfare glede, og oftest ved persepsjonsforstyrrelse som grovt'sett kommer til uttrykk ved hallusinasjoner og inn-bilninger. the ability to think characterized by. inability to reach a goal, by dividing relationships, by disturbed ability to associate, blocking mechanisms, neologisms, etc., by withdrawal from the environment and preoccupation with inner thoughts, by loss of the ability to experience joy, and most often by perceptual disturbance as gross' set is expressed in hallucinations and imaginings.
Uheldigvis begynner schizofrenien oftest i denUnfortunately, schizophrenia most often begins in it
sene ungdom eller tidlige voksne alder og til tross for bruk av antipsykotiske legemidler, vil schizofrenien oftest være en varig tilstand og udyktiggjbre personen mer eller mindre i hele hans levetid. late adolescence or early adulthood and despite the use of antipsychotic drugs, schizophrenia will most often be a permanent condition and incapacitate the person more or less throughout his or her lifetime.
Det er nå mye som tyder på at sykdommen er genetisk bestemt, selv om miljbmessige faktorer, særlig tidlige livs-erfaringer uten tvil også er viktige. Det synes ikke å være noen tvil om at det foreligger en grunnleggende metabolisk forstyrrelse som i det fblgende skal beskrives mer detaljert. There is now much evidence that the disease is genetically determined, although environmental factors, particularly early life experiences, are undoubtedly also important. There seems to be no doubt that there is a fundamental metabolic disorder which will be described in more detail below.
Dessverre kan det ikke bevises absolutt at det finnes en dyremodell for schizofrenistudier siden man ikke kan sam-tale med dyrene for å finne ut om de er schizofrene. Macawue-apene ved Wisconsin Primate Laboratory som er morsmessig og sensorisk forstyrret (de er engstelige, aggressive og ikke istand til å funksjonere seksuelt) kommer nærmest i oppforsel til pasienter med schizofreni (Harlow, "The Development of Patterns of Affection", (utvikling av affeksjonsmonstere), Thomas William Salmon Lectures, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, desember 1960). De mest alvorlig fblelsesmessig forstyrrede aper er studert og viser en forandring av alfa-2-globulin,som senere beskrives, i blodet, i likhet med en forstyrrelse som karakteriserer slike menneskelige pasienter (Beckett, Frohman et al., "Schizophrenic-like Mechanisms in Monkeys" (schizofreni-lignende mekanismer hos aper), The American Journal of Psychatry, 119:835 - 842, 1943). Videre viste apene elektro-encefalografiske forstyrrelser, særlig i hjernens septum, i likhet med hva som tidligere er beskrevet som et karakteristisk trekk hos schizofrenipasienter (Heath: "Electroencephalographic Studies in Isolation-raised Monkeys wit Behavioral Impairments" (elektroecefalografiske undersøk-elser med oppforsels-forstyrrede aper oppdradd i isolasjon), Unfortunately, it cannot be proven absolutely that there is an animal model for schizophrenia studies since you cannot talk to the animals to find out if they are schizophrenic. The Macawue monkeys at the Wisconsin Primate Laboratory who are maternally and sensory disturbed (they are anxious, aggressive, and unable to function sexually) closely resemble patients with schizophrenia (Harlow, "The Development of Patterns of Affection", affection monsters), Thomas William Salmon Lectures, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, December 1960). The most severely developmentally disturbed monkeys have been studied and show a change in alpha-2-globulin, described later, in the blood, similar to a disturbance that characterizes such human patients (Beckett, Frohman et al., "Schizophrenic-like Mechanisms in Monkeys" (schizophrenia-like mechanisms in monkeys), The American Journal of Psychiatry, 119:835 - 842, 1943). Furthermore, the monkeys showed electroencephalographic disturbances, particularly in the septum of the brain, similar to what has previously been described as a characteristic feature of schizophrenia patients (Heath: "Electroencephalographic Studies in Isolation-raised Monkeys wit Behavioral Impairments" disturbed monkeys reared in isolation),
Diseases of the Nervous System, 33:157 - I63, 1972).Diseases of the Nervous System, 33:157-163, 1972).
Bruken av dyr har hittil hovedsakelig vær å demon-strere tilstedeværelsen av unormale metaboliske stoffer i blodet til pasienter med schizofreni. Når unormalt blodprotein gis til rotter i en-situasjon med matbelønning og tau-klatr-ing, 'vil rottene redusere ytelsen og aktiviteten vesentlig (Bergen' og medarbeidere: "Further Experiments with Plasma Proteins from Schizophrenics" (ytterligere eksperimenter med plasmaproteiner fra schizofrenipasienter), i: Serological Fractions in Schizophrenia, av R.E. Heath, side 67, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Row, New York, 1963). The use of animals has so far mainly been to demonstrate the presence of abnormal metabolic substances in the blood of patients with schizophrenia. When abnormal blood protein is given to rats in a food-reward and rope-climbing situation, the rats will significantly reduce their performance and activity (Bergen and colleagues: "Further Experiments with Plasma Proteins from Schizophrenics" (further experiments with plasma proteins from schizophrenia patients) , in: Serological Fractions in Schizophrenia, by R. E. Heath, page 67, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Row, New York, 1963).
Det er visse ting som tyder på at ekstrakter fra det limbiske system i hjernen hos avdbde pasienter, innsprbytet i normale frivillige fremkalte en simulert schizofrenisk reaksjon (Garey: "Focal Electroencephalographic Changes Induced by Anti-septal Antibodies" (Fokale elektroencefalografiske forandringer fremkalt av anti-septale antistoffer), Biological Psychiatry, 8:75 - 88, 1974). De klareste undersøkelser omfatter innsprøyting av isolert alfa-2-globulin fra blodet hos schizofrenipasienter i mikroliter-mengder i ventrikkelen hos rotter som har implantert elektroder i midtre forhjernebunt. Rotter med slik implantering vil belbnne seg ved å presse ned en stang så ofte de kan på bekostning av all annen aktivitet. Når mikroskopiske mengder isolert alfa-2-globulin innsprbytes i ventrikkelen, finner det sted en reduksjon av aktiviteten ved stangpressingen som ikke forekommer når en lignende forbindelse fra en kontrollperson injiseres. Noen av rottene som innsprbytes blodprotein isolert fra schizofrenipasienter kan svinge over stangen som om de ville presse den ned, svinge omkring og være ute av stand til å fortsette, hvilket ligner en schizofrenisk forstyrret motorisk tilstand. Tydningen av den nedsatte.evne til å presse ned stangen er at dyret har tapt evnen til å erfare glede mye i likhet med et som karakteriserer schizofrenipasienter (Caldwell og medarbeidere: "The Effeet of the S-protein on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in-the Rat",(Virkningen av S-protein på intrekraniell selvstimulering hos rotte), Biological Psychiatry, 8:235 - 244, 1974). There are certain indications that extracts from the limbic system in the brains of demented patients, injected into normal volunteers, produced a simulated schizophrenic reaction (Garey: "Focal Electroencephalographic Changes Induced by Anti-septal Antibodies" septal antibodies), Biological Psychiatry, 8:75-88, 1974). The clearest investigations involve the injection of isolated alpha-2-globulin from the blood of schizophrenia patients in microliter quantities into the ventricles of rats that have implanted electrodes in the middle forebrain bundle. Rats with such implantation will engage in pushing down a bar as often as they can at the expense of all other activity. When microscopic amounts of isolated alpha-2-globulin are injected into the ventricle, there is a reduction in rod-pressing activity that does not occur when a similar compound from a control subject is injected. Some of the rats injected with blood protein isolated from schizophrenia patients could swing over the bar as if to press it down, swing around and be unable to continue, resembling a schizophrenic disordered motor state. The interpretation of the reduced ability to push down the bar is that the animal has lost the ability to experience pleasure much like that which characterizes schizophrenia patients (Caldwell et al.: "The Effeet of the S-protein on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in-the Rat", (The effect of S-protein on intracranial self-stimulation in the rat), Biological Psychiatry, 8:235-244, 1974).
SSkeren har i mange år vært engasjert i utstrakt forskning for å finne årsaken til schizofreni på biokjemisk grunnlag og for å finne psykofarmakologiske behandlingsmetoder. Under dette arbeidet fant man at et protein med hoy molvekt, man kom frem til en molvekt på ca. 263.000 og med ca. 80% fettstoffinnhold, er mer aktivt hos schizofrenipasienter enn normale personer, og jo hurtigere en schizofrenipasient brytes ned, desto mer aktivt er proteinet. Dette protein er klassi-fisert som et alfa-2-globulin og har fått betegnelsen S-protein: Frohman, CE. L.K. Latham, P.G.S. Beckett og J.S. Gottlieb: "Biochemical Studies of a Serum Factor in Schizophrenia" For many years, the doctor has been engaged in extensive research to find the cause of schizophrenia on a biochemical basis and to find psychopharmacological treatment methods. During this work, it was found that a protein with a high molecular weight, a molecular weight of approx. 263,000 and with approx. 80% fat content, is more active in schizophrenia patients than normal people, and the faster a schizophrenia patient breaks down, the more active the protein is. This protein is classified as an alpha-2-globulin and has been given the designation S-protein: Frohman, CE. L. K. Latham, P.G.S. Beckett and J.S. Gottlieb: "Biochemical Studies of a Serum Factor in Schizophrenia"
(Biokjemiske studier over en serumfaktor ved schizofreni), Molecular Basis of Some Aspects of Mental Activity (Moleky-lært grunnlag for en del trekk ved mental aktivitet), bind 2, 0. Walaas, utgiver, side 24-1 - 255, Academic Press, New York (Biochemical studies on a serum factor in schizophrenia), Molecular Basis of Some Aspects of Mental Activity, Volume 2, 0. Walaas, Publisher, Pages 24-1 - 255, Academic Press , New York
(1967) og CE. Frohman: "Studies on the Plasma Factors in Schizophrenia" (Studier om plasmafaktorer ved schizofreni), Mind as a Tissue, (Bevisstheten som vev), C. Rupp, uigiver, side 181 -'195, Hoeber Med. Div., Harper & Row, New York. S-protein vil når det gis til f.eks. rotter blokkere opplevel-sen av gledestimuleringer hos rotter, men synes ikke å forandre deres unnvikingsreaksjoner. (1967) and CE. Frohman: "Studies on the Plasma Factors in Schizophrenia", Mind as a Tissue, C. Rupp, author, pages 181-195, Hoeber Med. Div., Harper & Row, New York. S-protein will, when given to e.g. rats block the experience of pleasure stimuli in rats, but does not appear to change their avoidance responses.
Forsok på å redusere aktiviteten for S-proteinetAttempt to reduce the activity of the S protein
hos schizofrenipasienter har bestått i ta ekstrakter fra hjerner som f.eks. kveghjerne, konglekjertler fra kjott, etc, under letingen etter forbindelser som regulerer aktiviteten for S-proteinet. Frohman og medarbeidere i: "Control of the Plasma Factor in Schizophreniz" (Regulering av plasmafaktoren ved schizofreni), Recent advances in Biological Pshychiatry, bind 7, side 45 - 51, 1964, beskriver at et isolert protein fra dyrisk vev motvirket aktiviteten hos S-protein. Dette protein er betegnet anti-S-protein og finnes hos både dyrisk og menneskelig vev. Hos schizofrenipasienter finnes S-protein med alfa-skrueformet konfigurasjon mens hos normale personer foreligger S-proteinet overveiende som en tilfeldig kjede eller med (3-skrueformet (p-helix) konfigurasjon. Fremstilling av terapeutiske mengder anti-S-protein byr på store vanskeligheter og store omkostninger og utvinning for generell medisinsk in schizophrenia patients has consisted of taking extracts from brains such as bovine brain, pineal glands from meat, etc., during the search for compounds that regulate the activity of the S protein. Frohman et al. in: "Control of the Plasma Factor in Schizophreniz", Recent advances in Biological Pshychiatry, volume 7, pages 45 - 51, 1964, describe that an isolated protein from animal tissue counteracted the activity of S - protein. This protein is called anti-S protein and is found in both animal and human tissues. In schizophrenic patients, S protein is found in an alpha-helical configuration, while in normal individuals the S protein is predominantly present as a random chain or with a (3-helical (p-helix)) configuration. The production of therapeutic amounts of anti-S protein presents great difficulties and large costs and recovery for general medical
bruk kan ikke gjennomføres i praksis. Produksjon av noen få use cannot be carried out in practice. Production of a few
få milligram anti-S-protein fra kveg vil kreve slaktning av eksempelvis 100.000 kveg. Således er naturlig tilfbrsel av anti-S-protein på ingen måte tilstrekkelig for behandling av annet enn få enkeltpersoner og ville medfbre utenkelige omkostninger. Andre publikasjoner som angår disse grunnleggende undersøkelser er fblgende: CF. Frohman, R.E. Arthur, H.S. Yoon og J.S'. Gottlieb: "Distribution and Mechanism of Action of the Anti-S-Protein in Human Brain" (Fordeling og virke-måte for anti-S-protein i den menneskelige hjerne), Biological a few milligrams of anti-S protein from cattle will require the slaughter of, for example, 100,000 cattle. Thus, natural supply of anti-S protein is in no way sufficient for the treatment of other than a few individuals and would entail unimaginable costs. Other publications relating to these basic investigations are as follows: CF. Frohman, R.E. Arthur, H.S. Yoon and J.S'. Gottlieb: "Distribution and Mechanism of Action of the Anti-S-Protein in Human Brain", Biological
Psychiatry, bind 7, nr. 1, side 53 - 61, 1973, og CR. Harmi-son and CE. Frohman: "Conformational Variation in a Human Plasma Lipoprotein" (Konfigurasjons-variasjoner hos lipopro-teinplasma fra mennesker), Biochemistry, bind 11, nr. 26, side 4485 - 4493, 1972. Psychiatry, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 53 - 61, 1973, and CR. Harmison and CE. Frohman: "Conformational Variation in a Human Plasma Lipoprotein", Biochemistry, Volume 11, No. 26, Pages 4485 - 4493, 1972.
Man har også notert ved.undersøkelser som sbkerne har deltatt i at ekstrahert anti-S-protein er et antigen. Mens schizofreni kan dempes dramatisk ved å gi anti-S-protein til en pasient, vil anti-S-proteinet hurtig inaktiveres ved dannelse av antistoffer og senere administrert anti-S-protein kan inaktiveres så raskt at den ikke har noen tydelige virkning av schizofreni. Søkeren har vært engasjert i forsbk på å nedbryte anti-S-proteinet i molekylfragmenter som kan ha en brukbar virkning ved behandling av schizofreni uten å være utsatt for den uønskede antigenaktivitet. It has also been noted in investigations in which the patients have participated that extracted anti-S protein is an antigen. While schizophrenia can be dramatically attenuated by giving anti-S protein to a patient, the anti-S protein will be rapidly inactivated by the formation of antibodies and subsequently administered anti-S protein can be inactivated so quickly that it has no apparent anti-schizophrenic effect . The applicant has been engaged in research to break down the anti-S protein into molecular fragments that can have a useful effect in the treatment of schizophrenia without being exposed to the unwanted antigenic activity.
I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse vil behandling av anti-S-protein med f.eks. pepsin og typsin som reduserer proteinet til mindre peptider med molvekt under ca. 1.000, gi en tripeptid-holdig fraksjon som har vist seg å være aktiv ved According to the present invention, treatment of anti-S protein with e.g. pepsin and typsin, which reduce the protein to smaller peptides with a molecular weight below approx. 1,000, give a tripeptide-containing fraction which has been shown to be active at
å redusere den uønskede aktivitet hos S-protein. Tripeptidet viser en aktivitet ved å forårsake omdannelse av alfa-helix-S-protein til den tilfeldige kjedekonfigurasjon. Tripeptidet erkarakterisertsom treonyl-valyl-leucin. Man har arbeidet med å syntetisere tripeptidet og en vesentlig ren, dvs. krystallinsk form av tripeptidet er fremstilt. Tripeptidet har virkning mot S-protein hos schizofrenipasienter, dvs. alfa-helix-konfigurasjonen hos S-proteinet overfores til den tilfeldige konfigurasjon. Når forbindelsen ved forsbk administreres for å motvirke virkningen av S-protein hos rotter, to reduce the unwanted activity of S-protein. The tripeptide exhibits an activity by causing the conversion of alpha-helix-S protein to the random chain configuration. The tripeptide is characterized as threonyl-valyl-leucine. Work has been done to synthesize the tripeptide and a substantially pure, i.e. crystalline, form of the tripeptide has been produced. The tripeptide has an effect against S-protein in schizophrenia patients, i.e. the alpha-helix configuration of the S-protein is transferred to the random configuration. When the compound at forsbk is administered to counteract the action of S protein in rats,
er imidlertid den effektive virketid for pripeptidet liten og however, the effective duration of action for the pripeptide is small and
derfor vil hyppige periodiske doser av tripeptidet være nbd-vendig ved effektiv behandling av schizofreni. therefore, frequent periodic doses of the tripeptide will be nbd-friendly in the effective treatment of schizophrenia.
I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse er det også funnet at T-V-L-peptider og deres derivater kan brukes for å dempe eller undertrykke schizofrenisymptomer hos pattedyr som har slike'symptomer. Disse polypeptider inneholder rester av minst tre alfa-aminosyrer og har den angitte T-V-L-struktur. Polypeptet kan være en aminosyre, dvs. ha en endeplasert aminosyregruppe i syreform og den andre endeplaserte aminosyregruppe i alfa-amino-form (-NF^). Det foretrekkes imidlertid at de polypeptider som brukes for å undertrykke symptomer av schizofreni inneholder minst én av de endeplaserte aminosyregrupper i derivatform, spesielt at den endeplaserte alfa-aminogruppe er acyl-substituert eller den endeplaserte karboksylsyregruppe er i amid- eller ester-form. Fortrinnsvis er begge endegrup-per substituert på denne måten og særlig foretrekkes acylerte amider. Disse polypeptider kan også være ytterligere substituert og deres farmasbytisk ugiftige derivater som syre- eller basesalter eller derivatformer kan brukes for å dempe symptomer av schizofreni i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. According to the present invention, it has also been found that T-V-L peptides and their derivatives can be used to attenuate or suppress schizophrenia symptoms in mammals having such symptoms. These polypeptides contain residues of at least three alpha-amino acids and have the indicated T-V-L structure. The polypeptide can be an amino acid, i.e. have one terminally placed amino acid group in acid form and the other terminally placed amino acid group in alpha-amino form (-NF^). However, it is preferred that the polypeptides used to suppress symptoms of schizophrenia contain at least one of the terminal amino acid groups in derivative form, in particular that the terminal alpha-amino group is acyl-substituted or the terminal carboxylic acid group is in amide or ester form. Preferably, both end groups are substituted in this way and acylated amides are particularly preferred. These polypeptides can also be further substituted and their pharmaceutically non-toxic derivatives such as acid or base salts or derivative forms can be used to alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia according to the present invention.
T-V-L-holdige polypeptider i henhold til oppfinnelsen viser seg effektive ved behandling av schizofrenisymptomer ved å omstrukturere alfa-helix-konfigurasjonen hos S-protein som finnes i nervesystemet, f.eks. hjernen, hos schizofrenipasienter, til den tilfeldig orienterte form. Polypeptider eller acylerte polypeptider, estere eller amider har struk- T-V-L-containing polypeptides according to the invention prove effective in the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms by restructuring the alpha-helix configuration of S protein found in the nervous system, e.g. the brain, in schizophrenia patients, to the randomly oriented form. Polypeptides or acylated polypeptides, esters or amides have struc-
hvor Ra betegner en mettet alifatisk hydrokarbongruppe som alkylen med 1-20 C-atomer, fortrinnsvis lavalkylen med 1-4 C-atomer; R13 betegner -0(R<e>) hvor Re utgjor hydrogen eller where Ra denotes a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as alkylene with 1-20 C atoms, preferably lower alkylene with 1-4 C atoms; R13 denotes -0(R<e>) where Re is hydrogen or
et mettet alifatisk hydrokarbon som alkyl med 1-20 C-atomer, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon such as alkyl of 1-20 C atoms,
eller fortrinnsvis lavalkyl med 1-4 C-atomer, eller aryl eller aralkyl med 1-4 ringer, fortrinnsvis 6-24 C-atomer, eller R "betegner -NR R hvor R og R kan være like eller forskjellige og kan være hydrogen eller lavalkyl med f.eks. 1-6 or preferably lower alkyl with 1-4 C atoms, or aryl or aralkyl with 1-4 rings, preferably 6-24 C atoms, or R "denotes -NR R where R and R may be the same or different and may be hydrogen or lower alkyl with eg 1-6
c d c d
C-atomer, eller R og R kan være lavere alkylen og tilsamiiien danne en cyklisk struktur inklusive det nitrogenatom som de er bundet til;' A og B er begge en monoiminoacylgruppe, fortrinnsvis en oc-monoiminoacylgruppe som inneholder 2-10 C-atomer og B er hydrolyserbar fra (L)-komponenten i den essensielle T-V-L-• struktur slik at karboksylfunksjonen i (L)-komponenten blir C atoms, or R and R can be lower alkylene and together form a cyclic structure including the nitrogen atom to which they are attached; A and B are both a monoiminoacyl group, preferably an oc-monoiminoacyl group containing 2-10 C atoms and B is hydrolyzable from the (L) component of the essential T-V-L-• structure so that the carboxyl function in the (L) component becomes
tilgjengelig hos verten; p er lik 0 eller 1; t er 0 til 5; available at the host; p is equal to 0 or 1; t is 0 to 5;
x er 0 til ca. 5; og t pluss x er fra 0 til 5. Når t er 2 eller mer så kan alle A-grupper være like eller forskjellige, f.eks. kan (A)^. være fenylalanylprolyl. Når x på lignende måte er 2 eller mer, kan alle B-grupper være like eller forskjellige. I en foretrukket stoffgruppe er - R° like -NR°R^ eller minst én av p, t eller x er forskjellig fra null. (T)-komponenten som vises i ovenstående strukturformel kan foreligge enten i diastereoisomerform f.eks. som treonyl eller allotreonyl hvos stereokjemien ved cc-karbonet. er omvendt. Fortrinnsvis er (T)-komponenten treonyl. (L)-komponenten i x is 0 to approx. 5; and t plus x is from 0 to 5. When t is 2 or more then all A-groups can be the same or different, e.g. can (A)^. be phenylalanylprolyl. Similarly, when x is 2 or more, all B groups can be the same or different. In a preferred group of substances - R° is equal to -NR°R^ or at least one of p, t or x is different from zero. The (T) component shown in the above structural formula can exist either in diastereoisomer form, e.g. such as threonyl or allotreonyl whose stereochemistry at the cc carbon. is reversed. Preferably, the (T) component is threonyl. (L) component i
•strukturformlene kan være •the structural formulas can be
(vanligvis betegnet leucyl), som foretrekkes, eller innta en annen form som (usually designated leucyl), which is preferred, or take another form such as
Forbindelsenelfdlge oppfinnelsen omfatter stoffer hvor enhver stubstituent, f.eks. et monoiminoacylradikal som her betegnes med B, på karboksylgruppen i (L)-resten i den essensielle T-V-L-fblge er hydrolyserbar. For å oppnå den onskede aktivitet bor substituenten være hydrolyserbar under de forhold som hersker i det aktuelle miljo hos verten. Egnede hydrolyserbare substituenter er slike som hydrolyseres i nærvær av rode blodlegemer ved en inkuberingstemperatur på omkring vertens kroppstemperatur, dvs. ca. 35 - 40°C. En egnet metode for å bestemme om en substituent er hydrolyserbar eller ikke består i å inkubere en forbindelse som inneholder den essensielle T-V-L-struktur og en substituent på (lu-resten i et lever-medium ved ca. 37°C The compounds according to the invention include substances where any stub stituent, e.g. a monoiminoacyl radical, denoted here by B, on the carboxyl group in the (L) residue in the essential T-V-L-fblge is hydrolyzable. In order to achieve the desired activity, the substituent must be hydrolyzable under the conditions that prevail in the host environment in question. Suitable hydrolysable substituents are those which are hydrolysed in the presence of red blood cells at an incubation temperature of around the host's body temperature, i.e. approx. 35 - 40°C. A suitable method for determining whether a substituent is hydrolyzable or not consists of incubating a compound containing the essential T-V-L structure and a substituent on the (lu residue) in a liver medium at about 37°C
Peptiderestene i forbindelser i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter peptidgrupper som har optisk The peptide residues in compounds according to the present invention comprise peptide groups which have optical
aktivitet. Forskjellige peptidgrupper kan ha konfigurasjoner med betegnelsen L- eller B-. Monoiminoacylgrupper med betydning A i formel II og den essensielle T-V-L-del av forbindelsene kan være i L- eller D-form eller blandinger av disse Activity. Different peptide groups can have configurations labeled L- or B-. Monoiminoacyl groups with meaning A in formula II and the essential T-V-L part of the compounds can be in L or D form or mixtures thereof
som racemiske blandinger. På grunn av hyppige vanskeligheter med å hydrblysere D-peptider som er substituenter på karbok-sylfunksjoner i peptider under opprettholdelse av karboksylfunksjonen, vil monoiminoacylradikaler som inneholder gruppen B i formel II med fordel ikke ha optisk aktivitet eller, når de er optisk aktive, foreligge i L-konfigurasjon. Blant fore-.trukne forbindelser finner man slike hvor (L)-gruppen i den essensielle T-V-L-sekvens har D-konfigurasjon. as racemic mixtures. Because of frequent difficulties in hydrolyzing D-peptides which are substituents on carboxyl functions in peptides while maintaining the carboxyl function, monoiminoacyl radicals containing group B in formula II will advantageously not have optical activity or, when optically active, will be present in L configuration. Among preferred compounds are those where the (L) group in the essential T-V-L sequence has D configuration.
Tripeptidet treonyl-valyl-leucin eller dens derivater som beskrevet, f.eks. de tilsvarende amider, kan fremstilles i relativt stor renhetsgrad og kan være krystallinske, f.eks. være ca. 90 - 95% rene, og fortrinnsvis omkring 100% rene. The tripeptide threonyl-valyl-leucine or its derivatives as described, e.g. the corresponding amides can be produced in a relatively high degree of purity and can be crystalline, e.g. be approx. 90 - 95% pure, and preferably around 100% pure.
Forskjellige forbindelser med formel II kan være mellomprodukter for fremstilling av stoffer som er aktive ved behandling av schizofreni. Når f.eks. p er lik null og R*3 er hydrogen, kan forbindelsen være et mellomprodukt for fremstilling av en forbindelse hvor p er 1 og/eller R er forskjellig fra hydrogen. Forbindelser som er spesielt gunstige for behandling av schizofreni er polypeptider hvor p er lik 0 eller 1 og polypeptider som inneholder minst tre peptid- eller aminosyre-rester og t er lik 0 eller mer, i aminosyre- eller derivatform. Polypeptider hvor minst én av para-meterne p,. t eller x er forskjellige fra null kan oppvise lengre aktivitetsperiode enn når tripeptidet T-V-L er i amino-syreform. Various compounds of formula II can be intermediates for the production of substances that are active in the treatment of schizophrenia. When e.g. p is equal to zero and R*3 is hydrogen, the compound may be an intermediate for the preparation of a compound where p is 1 and/or R is different from hydrogen. Compounds that are particularly beneficial for the treatment of schizophrenia are polypeptides where p is equal to 0 or 1 and polypeptides containing at least three peptide or amino acid residues and t is equal to 0 or more, in amino acid or derivative form. Polypeptides where at least one of the parameters p,. t or x is different from zero may exhibit a longer period of activity than when the tripeptide T-V-L is in amino acid form.
Foretrukne acylerte polypeptider for bruk s,om aktive midler eller deres mellomprodukter har strukturen: Preferred acylated polypeptides for use as active agents or their intermediates have the structure:
hvor gruppen 4NH-CH-C-) er et monoiminoacylradikal og R f.eks. where the group 4NH-CH-C-) is a monoiminoacyl radical and R e.g.
i in
R<1>R<1>
hydrogen eller en lavere alkylgruppe som f.eks. har 1 - 4 C- hydrogen or a lower alkyl group such as e.g. has 1 - 4 C-
atomer eller en atoms or a
2 ^5 2 ^5
gruppe hvor R og R-^ betegner hydrogen group where R and R-^ denote hydrogen
eller lavere alkyl med f.eks. 1-4 C-atomer, eller betegner aryl eller aralkyl med 1-4 ringer og fortrinnsvis med 6 - 24 C-atomer. Slike grupper kan være substituert som f.eks. i or lower alkyl with e.g. 1-4 C atoms, or denotes aryl or aralkyl with 1-4 rings and preferably with 6-24 C atoms. Such groups can be substituted as e.g. in
a b a b
tyrosyl. Symbolene R , R , p, t og x har samme betydning som i formel II. tyrosyl. The symbols R , R , p, t and x have the same meaning as in formula II.
I forbindelser med formel III utgjor R^ en del av en alfa-aminosyre- eller peptid-rest som f.eks. i treonyl eller allotreonyl hvor R^" betegner en alfa-hydroksyetylgruppe, leucyl hvor R"*" er en 2-metylpropylgruppe, valyl hvor R betegner en isopropylgruppe, seryl hvor R"'" betegner en hydroksymetyl-gruppe, isoleucyl hvor R"*" betegner 1-metylpropyl, glycyl hvor In compounds of formula III, R^ forms part of an alpha-amino acid or peptide residue such as e.g. in threonyl or allotreonyl where R^" denotes an alpha-hydroxyethyl group, leucyl where R"*" is a 2-methylpropyl group, valyl where R denotes an isopropyl group, seryl where R"'" denotes a hydroxymethyl group, isoleucyl where R"* " denotes 1-methylpropyl, glycyl where
R"<*>" betegner hydrogen, eller alfa-alanyl hvor R"*" betegner metyl, R"<*>" denotes hydrogen, or alpha-alanyl where R"*" denotes methyl,
arginyl hvor R"*" betegner arginyl where R"*" denotes
tyrosyl hvor R"*" tyrosyl where R"*"
og. lignende. Når gruppen som inneholder R<1> and. the like. When the group containing R<1>
har en alfa-hydroksygruppe, kan den overfores til en lavere alkoksy- eller aryloksygruppe, fortrinnsvis benzyloksy eller t-butyloksy. Dette kan foretas under syntesen for å beskytte has an alpha-hydroxy group, it can be transferred to a lower alkoxy or aryloxy group, preferably benzyloxy or t-butyloxy. This can be done during synthesis to protect
hydroksylgruppen. Peptidrester som monoiminoacylradikaler som er bundet til den essensielle T-V-L-struktur kan også være prolyl, arginyl o.l. Videre kan disse grupper være en dikar-boksylsyrerest som f.eks. en glutamin- eller asparaginsyre-rest. the hydroxyl group. Peptide residues such as monoiminoacyl radicals which are bound to the essential T-V-L structure can also be prolyl, arginyl and the like. Furthermore, these groups can be a dicarboxylic acid residue such as e.g. a glutamic or aspartic acid residue.
'R -gruppen i foreliggende forbindelser kan ha opptil 20 C-atomer, selv om alkylengruppen helst har inntil 4 C-atomer. The R group in the present compounds can have up to 20 C atoms, although the alkylene group preferably has up to 4 C atoms.
0 0
I! IN!
Således kan N-acylgruppen H-(Ra<->C) f.eks. være acetyl propano-yl, butynoyl, pentanoyl, heksanoyl, heptanoyl, oktanoyl, nona-noyl, dekanoyl, undekanoyl, dodekanoyl, tridekanoyl, tetrade-kanoyl, pentadekanoyl, palmitoyl, heptadekanoyl, stearyl o.l. Estergruppen R kan være metyl, etyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heksyl, heptyl, oktyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tride-cyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, oktadecyl, fenyl, benzyl, tertiært butoksykarbonyl, t-butyl, dihydro-epi-hydrok-sy-androsteronyl o.l. Fortrinnsvis er N-acylgruppen og estergruppen normal-grupper og har' altså rette C-C-kjeder. Forbindelsene med de aktuelle formler eller deres mellomprodukter kan ha substituenter som ikke innvirker på deres kjemiske eller farmakologiske aktivitet. Thus, the N-acyl group H-(Ra<->C) can e.g. be acetyl propanoyl, butynoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, octanoyl, nona-noyl, decanoyl, undecanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, pentadecanoyl, palmitoyl, heptadecanoyl, stearyl, etc. The ester group R can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, phenyl, benzyl, tertiary butoxycarbonyl, t-butyl , dihydro-epi-hydroxy-sy-androsteronyl and others. Preferably, the N-acyl group and the ester group are normal groups and thus have straight C-C chains. The compounds of the formulas in question or their intermediates may have substituents which do not affect their chemical or pharmacological activity.
Mellomprodukter for fremstilling av aktive stoffer ifolge oppfinnelsen er forbindelser med formel Intermediate products for the production of active substances according to the invention are compounds with formula
hvor r, x, A og B har den tidligere angitte betydning, D betegner H eller en a-amino-beskyttende gruppe, E er lik -0H, en endeplasert karboksylsyregruppe, et metallkompleks av f.eks. sink, kobber, nikkel, kobolt, jern,magnesium eller aluminium, og fortrinnsvis et metallhydroksydkompleks, eller et syre- eller base-addisjonssalt, R betegner H, alifatisk hydrokarbon, fortrinnsvis mettet, eksempelvis alkyl med 1-20 C-atomer som lavalkyl med 1-4 C-atomer eller en aralifatisk where r, x, A and B have the previously stated meaning, D denotes H or an α-amino protecting group, E is equal to -OH, a terminally placed carboxylic acid group, a metal complex of e.g. zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, magnesium or aluminium, and preferably a metal hydroxide complex, or an acid or base addition salt, R denotes H, aliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably saturated, for example alkyl with 1-20 C atoms as lower alkyl with 1-4 C atoms or an araliphatic
eller arylgruppe med 1-4 ringer og fortrinnsvis 6 - 24 C-atomer, acyl inkl. alkanoyl eller aralkanoyl med 1-20 C-atomer, fortrinnsvis lavere acyklisk acyl med 1-4 C-atomer, tetrahydropyranyl, et enverdig metall som et alkalimetall av typen natrium o.l. Et metall som sink,. kobber, nikkel, kobolt, jern, magnesium'eller aluminium kan danne et kompleks med funk-sjoner av pblypeptidet som f.eks. en karbonylgruppe. or aryl group with 1-4 rings and preferably 6-24 C atoms, acyl incl. alkanoyl or aralkanoyl with 1-20 C atoms, preferably lower acyclic acyl with 1-4 C atoms, tetrahydropyranyl, a monovalent metal such as an alkali metal of the type sodium etc. A metal such as zinc,. copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, magnesium or aluminum can form a complex with functions of the lead peptide, such as e.g. a carbonyl group.
oc-aminobeskyttelsesgruppen kan være (1) av acyl-eller tioacyltypen, med fortrinnsvis 2-21 C-atomer, f.eks. lavere alifatisk acyl med 2-7 C-atomer, eksempelvis acetyl, etc; lavere aralifatisk acyl med 8-15 C-atomer som ftalyl, naftoyl, benzoyl etc; trifluoracetyl; kloracetyl; Y-klor-butyryl; toluensulfonyl; benzensulfonyl; nitrofenylsulfenyl; tritylsulfenyl; o-nitrofenoksyacetyl o.l., (2) en aromatisk uretan-gruppe illustrert ved benzyloksykarbonyl og substituert benzyloksykarbonyl som p-klorbenzyloksykarbonyl, p-nitroben-zyloksykarbonyl, p-brombenzyloksykarbonyl, p-metoksybenzyl-oksykarbonyl, (3) alifatisk -uretan som beskyttelsesgruppe illustrert ved tert-butyloksykarbonyl, diisopropylmetoksykar-bonyl, isopropyloksykarbonyl,. etoksykarbonyl, allyloksykar-bonyl, (4) cykloalkyl-uretan-grupper som beskyttelsesgrupper illustrert ved cyklopentyloksykarbonyl, cykloheksyloksykarbo-nyl, (5) tiouretan-beskyttelsesgrupper som fenyltiokarbonyl, The oc-amino protecting group can be (1) of the acyl or thioacyl type, with preferably 2-21 C atoms, e.g. lower aliphatic acyl with 2-7 C atoms, for example acetyl, etc; lower araliphatic acyl with 8-15 C atoms such as phthalyl, naphthoyl, benzoyl etc; trifluoroacetyl; chloroacetyl; Y-chloro-butyryl; toluenesulfonyl; benzenesulfonyl; nitrophenylsulfenyl; tritylsulfenyl; o-nitrophenoxyacetyl etc., (2) an aromatic urethane group illustrated by benzyloxycarbonyl and substituted benzyloxycarbonyl such as p-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, (3) aliphatic urethane as a protecting group illustrated by tert-butyloxycarbonyl, diisopropylmethoxycarbonyl, isopropyloxycarbonyl,. ethoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, (4) cycloalkyl urethane protecting groups as illustrated by cyclopentyloxycarbonyl, cyclohexyloxycarbonyl, (5) thiourethane protecting groups such as phenylthiocarbonyl,
(6) alkyl- og aralkyl-beskyttelsesgrupper som illustrert ved trifenylmetyl (trityl) og benzyl, (7) trialkylsilangrupper som trimetylsilan. De endeplaserte karboksylsyregruppene kan være (.1) -OG hvor G f.eks. betegner en alifatisk gruppe med fortrinnsvis 1-20 C-atomer eller en aralifatisk gruppe med 1-4 ringer og fortrinnsvis 6-24 C-atomer, og inneholdende en ester avsluttet med et karbonholdig radikal eller acyl som lavere acyklisk acyl fortrinnsvis med 1-6 C-atomer, (2) en amid-holdig gruppe som f.eks. -NH^, aminoalifatisk eller amino-aralifatisk gruppe (eksempelvis monocyklisk aralifatisk) med 1 - 10 C-atomer, således kan aminet være primært, sekundært eller tertiært, eksempelvis -NR cR d hvor R c og R d har betydning som ovenfor, eller (3) et forankringsmiddel som (6) alkyl and aralkyl protecting groups as illustrated by triphenylmethyl (trityl) and benzyl, (7) trialkylsilane groups such as trimethylsilane. The end-placed carboxylic acid groups can be (.1) -OG where G e.g. denotes an aliphatic group with preferably 1-20 C atoms or an araliphatic group with 1-4 rings and preferably 6-24 C atoms, and containing an ester terminated with a carbon-containing radical or acyl such as lower acyclic acyl preferably with 1-6 C atoms, (2) an amide-containing group such as -NH^, aminoaliphatic or amino-araliphatic group (for example monocyclic araliphatic) with 1 - 10 C atoms, thus the amine can be primary, secondary or tertiary, for example -NR cR d where R c and R d have the meaning as above, or (3) a means of anchoring which
harpiks som bæremateriale; - 0 - CHp - CgH^- harpiks-bæremateriale, klormetylert harpiks, hydroksymetylharpiks, Merrifield-harpiks o.l. Fortrinnsvis er de nevnte alifatiske eller aralifatiske grupper hydrokarbyl. resin as carrier material; - 0 - CHp - CgH^- resin support material, chloromethylated resin, hydroxymethyl resin, Merrifield resin, etc. Preferably, said aliphatic or araliphatic groups are hydrocarbyl.
Polypeptider ifdlge oppfinnelsen, f.eks. stoffer med formel II,, kan benyttes til å oppheve symptomer av schizofreni hos mennésker og pattedyr og man antar at dette skjer ved å redusere aktiviteten til S-protein, dvs. ved at de frembringer en reduksjon av graden av alfa-helix-konfigurasjon i S-proteinet i det varmblodige dyr. Disse aktive stoffer kan være effektive til å motvirke symptomer av schizofreni og deres uttrykks-former som nervose spenningstilstander, manisk-depressiv psykose etc, når de gis farmakologisk innvortes til et levende dyr. Når man gir en aktiv forbindelse i henhold til oppfinnelsen f.eks. blandet med et farmasøytisk bærestoff, gis prepa-ratet innvortes f.eks. i fordbyelseskanalen, og parenteral administrasjon foretrekkes. Den aktive forbindelse kan være i fast eller flytende form og. kan være sammenfoyd med.en farma-søytisk bærer som f.eks. er i fast form, opplosning, suspensjon, emulsjon eller annen form. Parenteral administrasjon kan skje f.eks. subkutant, intraperitonealt, intravenbst, intraarterielt, intramuskulært eller lignende. For oral administrasjon kan den aktive forbindelse og den farmasbytiske bærer f.eks. være en pille, drops, tablett, kapsel eller flytende suspensjon. Eksempler på bærestoffer er faste typer som laktose, magnesiumsterat, kalsiumstearat, stivelse, terra alba, dikalsiumfosfat, sukrose, talkum, stearinsyre, gelatin, agar, pektin eller akasiegummi og væsker som sesamolje, olivenolje, vann o.l. Et enterisk belegg som celluloseacetatftalat kan brukes. Forbindelsene ifblge oppfinnelsen kan også inneholde konserveringsmidler, stabiliseringsmidler, fuktemidler, emul-gatorer og buffere eller salter o.l. De aktive stoffer som benyttes i henhold til oppfinnelsen eller preparater som inneholder dem kan enten gis sammen med eller inneholde andre fysiologisk aktive stoffer eller medikamenter som f.eks. puffere, syreoppfangere, beroligende midler, analgetika, hormoner o.l. Polypeptides according to the invention, e.g. substances with formula II can be used to eliminate symptoms of schizophrenia in humans and mammals and it is assumed that this occurs by reducing the activity of S-protein, i.e. by producing a reduction in the degree of alpha-helix configuration in The S-protein in the warm-blooded animal. These active substances can be effective in counteracting symptoms of schizophrenia and their forms of expression such as nervous tension states, manic-depressive psychosis, etc., when given pharmacologically internally to a living animal. When providing an active compound according to the invention, e.g. mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, the preparation is given internally, e.g. in the digestive tract, and parenteral administration is preferred. The active compound can be in solid or liquid form and. can be combined with a pharmaceutical carrier such as e.g. is in solid form, solution, suspension, emulsion or other form. Parenteral administration can take place e.g. subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular or the like. For oral administration, the active compound and the pharmaceutical carrier can e.g. be a pill, drops, tablet, capsule or liquid suspension. Examples of carriers are solid types such as lactose, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, starch, terra alba, dicalcium phosphate, sucrose, talc, stearic acid, gelatin, agar, pectin or acacia gum and liquids such as sesame oil, olive oil, water etc. An enteric coating such as cellulose acetate phthalate can be used. The compounds according to the invention may also contain preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers and buffers or salts etc. The active substances used according to the invention or preparations containing them can either be given together with or contain other physiologically active substances or drugs such as e.g. buffers, acid scavengers, sedatives, analgesics, hormones etc.
Man kan bruke varierende doser av de aktive stoffer avhengig av den valgte forbindelse, tilstanden, administrasjons-vei, den bnskede virkning på verten, etc, pattedyrets art o.l. Således kan mengden aktivt stoff variere, men bor være tilstrekkelig til å oppheve schizofreni-symptomer hos pattedyret i signifikant grad. Dosene vil generelt variere mellom minst ca. 0,01 mg pr. kg pr. dag (milligram pr. kg kroppsvekt pr. dag) f.eks. på opp til 2 eller flere mg pr. kg pr. dag og helst mellom ca; 0,1 og 1 mg pr. kg pr. dag.- Behandlingen kan bestå av en enkelt daglig dose eller de ovenstående doser kan gis oppdelt over en periode, f.eks. 2-4 doser å ca. 0,05 - 0,2 mg pr. kg kan gis pr. dag. Den aktive, forbindelse kan inn-arbeides i langtidsvirkende preparater slik at disse mengder gjores tilgjengelige for kroppen over et lengre tidsrom. Ak-tivitetstiden kan forlenges ved å innarbeide polypeptidene i organiske og oftest polymere forbindelser som gelatin, poly-kloretinfosfat eller polyglutaminsyre. Varying doses of the active substances can be used depending on the chosen compound, the condition, the route of administration, the desired effect on the host, etc., the species of the mammal, etc. Thus, the amount of active substance can vary, but should be sufficient to cancel schizophrenia symptoms in the mammal to a significant degree. The doses will generally vary between at least approx. 0.01 mg per kg per day (milligrams per kg body weight per day) e.g. of up to 2 or more mg per kg per day and preferably between approx.; 0.1 and 1 mg per kg per day.- The treatment can consist of a single daily dose or the above doses can be given divided over a period, e.g. 2-4 doses to approx. 0.05 - 0.2 mg per kg can be given per day. The active compound can be incorporated into long-acting preparations so that these amounts are made available to the body over a longer period of time. The activity time can be extended by incorporating the polypeptides into organic and usually polymeric compounds such as gelatin, polychloroethene phosphate or polyglutamic acid.
Forbindelsene ifolge oppfinnelsen, inkl. slike somThe compounds according to the invention, including such as
er aktive ved behandling av schizofreni-symptomer eller deres forlopere eller mellomprodukter kan fremstilles syntetisk av individuelle aminosyrer eller■av polypeptider, under dannelse av den dnskede T-V-L-peptidsekvens. I henhold til en syn-tesevei, omsettes aminosyrekomponenter i onsket rekkefolge for fremstilling av peptidstrukturen, f.eks. kan amingruppen i en forste aminosyre kondenseres med karboksylsyregruppen i en andre aminosyre under dannelse av en dipeptidstruktur som kan omsettes videre til den onskede struktur med 3 - ca. 8 aminosyregrupper eller enheter. For å komme frem til den onskede kombinasjon av aminosyregrupper, er det vanligvis nød-vendig å blokkere eller beskytte de steder på aminosyremolekyl-et som kunne gi opphav til uonskede sidereaksjoner, f.eks. karboksylsyregruppen i en forste aminosyre som kunne reagere med amingruppen i en forste aminosyre eller en andre aminosyre. Slik blokkering kan skje på kjent måte. Særlig gunstige beskyttelsesgrupper for aminogruppen på aminosyrer er a-amino-beskyttelsesgrupper av typen ftalyl, karbobenzyloksy og t-butyloksykarbonyl, fordi de lett kan bindes til aminogruppen uten å forårsake racemisering av aminosyren, er relativt inert overfor reaksjonsbetingelsene og lett kan fjernes fra aminogruppen uten uheldig innvirkning på aminosyren. Beskyttelsesgruppene kahomsettes som syrehalogenid av typen klorid, ester eller syreanhydrid, f.eks. et blandet syreanhydrid med alkyl- are active in the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms or their precursors or intermediates can be synthetically produced from individual amino acids or from polypeptides, forming the desired T-V-L peptide sequence. According to a synthesis route, amino acid components are reacted in the desired order to produce the peptide structure, e.g. the amine group in a first amino acid can be condensed with the carboxylic acid group in a second amino acid to form a dipeptide structure that can be further converted to the desired structure with 3 - approx. 8 amino acid groups or units. In order to arrive at the desired combination of amino acid groups, it is usually necessary to block or protect the places on the amino acid molecule that could give rise to unwanted side reactions, e.g. the carboxylic acid group in a first amino acid that could react with the amine group in a first amino acid or a second amino acid. Such blocking can take place in a known manner. Particularly favorable protecting groups for the amino group on amino acids are α-amino protecting groups of the type phthalyl, carbobenzyloxy and t-butyloxycarbonyl, because they can be easily attached to the amino group without causing racemization of the amino acid, are relatively inert to the reaction conditions and can easily be removed from the amino group without adverse effect on the amino acid. The protecting groups are substituted as acid halides of the chloride, ester or acid anhydride type, e.g. a mixed acid anhydride with alkyl-
formiat, eksempelvis lavere alkylformiat. Reaksjonen kan gjen-nomføres ved romtemperatur i et inert organisk medium som benzen. Hoyere eller lavere temperaturer på mellom 0 og 50°C kan eventuelt brukes. Karboksylsyregruppen på aminosyren kan blokkeres ved reaksjon med aminogruppen i den forutgående aminosyre 'i peptidserien eller med en annen egnet blokkerings-gruppe når syren er den forste syre i serien. formate, for example lower alkyl formate. The reaction can be carried out at room temperature in an inert organic medium such as benzene. Higher or lower temperatures of between 0 and 50°C can possibly be used. The carboxylic acid group on the amino acid can be blocked by reaction with the amino group in the preceding amino acid in the peptide series or with another suitable blocking group when the acid is the first acid in the series.
For lettvint utvinning av aminosyresynteseproduktet etter hvert reaksjonstrirm kan det være en fordel å benytte den forste eller avsluttende aminosyregruppe som en harpiksester eller harpiksamid. Særlig gunstige harpikser er f.eks. benzhydrylamin-harpikser, klormetylerte harpikser, Merrifield-harpiks og hydroksymetylharpiks. Fremstilling av benz^hydryl- • aminharpiks beskrives av Rivallile og medarbeidere, Heiv. 54, 2772 (1971), og fremstilling av hydroksymetylharpiks beskrives av Bodanszky og medarbeidere, Chem. Ind. (London) 38, 1597-98 (1968). For easy extraction of the amino acid synthesis product after each reaction step, it may be advantageous to use the first or final amino acid group as a resin ester or resin amide. Particularly favorable resins are e.g. benzhydrylamine resins, chloromethylated resins, Merrifield resin and hydroxymethyl resin. Preparation of benzhydrylamine resin is described by Rivallile et al., Heiv. 54, 2772 (1971), and the preparation of hydroxymethyl resin is described by Bodanszky et al., Chem. Ind. (London) 38, 1597-98 (1968).
Beskyttelsesgruppene må være stabile i omsetnings-mediet under reaksjonsforholdene som benyttes for fremstilling av peptidet. Beskyttelsesgrupper for endeplaserte karboksyl-syregrupper bor være stabile under de betingelser som brukes for å fjerne alfa-amino-beskyttelsesgruppen ved hvert syntese-trinn. Blokkeringsgruppen bor beholde de beskyttende egenskap-er, dvs. ikke avspaltes under syntesebetingelsene og når de fjernes etter avsluttet syntese, bor de anvendte reaksjons-betingelser ikke forandre peptidkjeden på uonsket måte. Blok-keringsgruppene kan fjernes på forskjellige kjente måter avhengig av den typen gruppe som brukes, f.eks. med trifluoreddiksyre, ved hydrogenolyse med, f.eks. hydrogen og en kata-lysator som platina, palladium eller.lignende eller med hydrogenbromid i iseddik eller trifluoreddiksyre eller med vannfri hydrogenfluorsyre. Hydrogenolysemedium er fortrinnsvis vann-fritt. The protective groups must be stable in the reaction medium under the reaction conditions used to produce the peptide. Protecting groups for terminal carboxylic acid groups should be stable under the conditions used to remove the alpha-amino protecting group at each synthetic step. The blocking group must retain the protective properties, i.e. not be cleaved off under the synthesis conditions and when they are removed after completion of synthesis, the reaction conditions used must not change the peptide chain in an undesired way. The blocking groups can be removed in various known ways depending on the type of group used, e.g. with trifluoroacetic acid, by hydrogenolysis with, e.g. hydrogen and a catalyst such as platinum, palladium or the like or with hydrogen bromide in glacial acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid or with anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. Hydrogenolysis medium is preferably water-free.
Reaksjonen mellom en foreliggende peptidenhet og en påfblgende aminosyre kan skje i fast fase. Ved fremstilling av harpiksestere eller -amider, kan harpiksbærematerialet og aminosyren blandes omhyggelig i et inert organisk medium som f.eks. tetrahydrofuran, dioksan, dimetylf.ormamid, benzen, etanol o.l. Reaksjonen forlbper ved romtemperatur selv om hoyere temperaturer på f.eks. mellom 0 og 80°C eventuelt kan brukes. Omsetningen fortsettes vanligvis til avslutning for å gjore utbyttet av peptidprodukt så stort som mulig. Bruk av vesentlig overskudd av aminosyrereaktant, f.eks. overskudd på minst 1,5 - 200 eller mer ganger den nodvendige stokiometriske mengde og lange reaksjonstider på minst 1 time og fortrinnsvis 5 500 timer eller mer gir oket utbytte. Om reaksjonen er avsluttet kan bestemmes ved Kaiser-fargereaksjon. En positiv Kaiser-fargereaksjon angir usubstituerte grupper på aminosyren. Dor-man-titrering kan også brukes for å fastslå om reaksjonen er avsluttet. The reaction between a present peptide unit and a subsequent amino acid can take place in the solid phase. When producing resin esters or amides, the resin support material and the amino acid can be carefully mixed in an inert organic medium such as e.g. tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethylformamide, benzene, ethanol etc. The reaction proceeds at room temperature even if higher temperatures of e.g. between 0 and 80°C can possibly be used. The reaction is usually continued to completion to maximize the yield of peptide product. Use of substantial excess of amino acid reactant, e.g. excesses of at least 1.5 - 200 or more times the required stoichiometric amount and long reaction times of at least 1 hour and preferably 5,500 hours or more give increased yields. Whether the reaction is complete can be determined by the Kaiser color reaction. A positive Kaiser color reaction indicates unsubstituted groups on the amino acid. Dorman titration can also be used to determine if the reaction is complete.
Egnede bindingsmetoder for fremstilling av polypeptidkjeden av forbindelser i.henhold til oppfinnelsen finnes beskrevet i litteraturen. Generelt blir aminosyren og/eller peptidfragmenter bundet til hverandre slik at f.eks. en aminosyre eller peptid inneholdende en beskyttet alfa-aminogruppe og en endeplasert karboksylgruppe omsettes med en aminosyre eller peptid som inneholder en fri alfa-aminogruppe og en beskyttet endeplasert karboksylgruppe, eller en aminosyre eller peptid som inneholder en aktiv alfa-aminogruppe og en beskyttet endeplasert karboksylsyregruppe omsettes med en aminosyre eller peptid som inneholder en fri endeplasert karboksylsyre og en beskyttet alfa-aminogruppe. Karboksylsyregruppen kan aktiveres f.eks. ved omdannelse til et syreazid, -anhydrid eller -imidazolid eller til en aktivert ester som cyanoetylester, tiofenylester, p-nitrotiofenylester, tiokresyl-, p-metansul-fonylfenyl-, p-nitrogenyl-, 2,4-dinitrofenyl-, 2,4,5- eller 2,4,6-triklorfenyl-, pentaklorfenyl-, N-hydroksysuccinimid-, N-hydroksyftalimid-, 8-hydroksykinolin-, N-hydroksypiperidin-ester, eller ved omsetning med et karbodiimid (eventuelt under tilsetning av N-hydroksysuccinimid) eller N,N'-karbonyldiimida-zol eller et isoksazoliniumsalt, f.eks. "Woodward"s reagens, og aminogruppen aktiveres f.eks. ved omsetning med et fosfitt. Hyppig anvendte metoder omfatter karbodiimidmetoden, Weygand-Wuensch-metoden (karbodiimid i nærvær av en N-hydroksysuccinimid), azidmetoden, metoden med aktiverte estere og anhydrid-metoden, og videre Merrifield-metoden og metoden med N-karbok-syanhydrider eller N-tiokarboksyanhydrider. Suitable binding methods for producing the polypeptide chain of compounds according to the invention are described in the literature. In general, the amino acid and/or peptide fragments are bound to each other so that e.g. an amino acid or peptide containing a protected alpha-amino group and a terminal carboxyl group is reacted with an amino acid or peptide containing a free alpha-amino group and a protected terminal carboxyl group, or an amino acid or peptide containing an active alpha-amino group and a protected terminal carboxylic acid group is reacted with an amino acid or peptide containing a free terminal carboxylic acid and a protected alpha-amino group. The carboxylic acid group can be activated, e.g. by conversion to an acid azide, -anhydride or -imidazolide or to an activated ester such as cyanoethyl ester, thiophenyl ester, p-nitrothiophenyl ester, thiocresyl-, p-methanesulfonylphenyl-, p-nitrogenyl-, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-, 2,4 ,5- or 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-, pentachlorophenyl-, N-hydroxysuccinimide-, N-hydroxyphthalimide-, 8-hydroxyquinoline-, N-hydroxypiperidine ester, or by reaction with a carbodiimide (possibly with the addition of N- hydroxysuccinimide) or N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole or an isoxazolinium salt, e.g. "Woodward's" reagent, and the amino group is activated, e.g. by reaction with a phosphite. Frequently used methods include the carbodiimide method, the Weygand-Wuensch method (carbodiimide in the presence of an N-hydroxysuccinimide), the azide method, the method with activated esters and the anhydride method, and further the Merrifield method and the method with N-carboxycyananhydrides or N-thiocarboxylic anhydrides .
Med fordel kan karbodiimidmetoden brukes og karbodi- imidkoplingsmidlet kan f.eks. være N-etyl-N'-(~)f-dimetylamino-propyl-karbodiimid) eller et dihydrokarbyl-karbodiimid som f.eks. et dialkyl med 1-20 C-atomer, eksempelvis dicyklo-heksyl-carbodiimid. Karbodiimidet kan forelegges i et inert opplbsningsmiddel som f.eks. metylenklorid for å lette omsetningen. Ofte er molforholdet mellom karbodiimid og antall mol av den minst rikelige aminosyre ca. 0,):1 til 10:1. Bindings-reaksjonen kan foretas i et inert medium som diklormetan, i mengder som gir tilstrekkelig opplbsningsmiddel, f.eks. 1 - 100 ml eller mer pr. gram aminosyre. Reaksjonen forlbper ved romtemperatur, selv om man kan bruke hoyere eller lavere temperaturer på f.eks. mellom -30 og +50°C om bnsket. The carbodiimide method can be used with advantage and the carbodiimide coupling agent can e.g. be N-ethyl-N'-(~)f-dimethylamino-propyl-carbodiimide) or a dihydrocarbyl-carbodiimide such as e.g. a dialkyl with 1-20 C atoms, for example dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The carbodiimide can be placed in an inert solvent such as e.g. methylene chloride to facilitate turnover. Often the molar ratio between carbodiimide and the number of moles of the least abundant amino acid is approx. 0,):1 to 10:1. The binding reaction can be carried out in an inert medium such as dichloromethane, in quantities which provide sufficient solvent, e.g. 1 - 100 ml or more per grams of amino acid. The reaction proceeds at room temperature, although one can use higher or lower temperatures of e.g. between -30 and +50°C as desired.
Frigjøring eller avspalting av beskyttelsesgrupper fra en aminosyre eller et peptidfragment for ytterligere reaksjon kan foretas på enhver kjent måte. Med fordel kan blokker-ingsmidler på aminogrupper, f.eks. acyl-beskyttelsesgrupper fjernes i to trinn med et hydrogenhalogenid som f.eks. hydrogenklorid, i hvert trinn. Produktet er syreaddisjonssaltet som f.eks. hydrogenkloridet, som kan nøytraliseres med en base som trietylamin, pyridin, natrium- eller kaliumhydroksyd, natrium- eller kaliumkarbonat o.l. Hydrogenhaldgenidet kan fremstilles ved å boble hydrogenhalogenid gjennom et flytende medium som f.eks. dioksan eller metylenklorid. En harpiksester kan omdannes til et ubeskyttet peptid ved å boble gjennom hydrogenhalogenid som f.eks. hydromidgass i et medium som inneholder peptidharpiksester<p>g trifluoreddiksyre. Release or cleavage of protecting groups from an amino acid or a peptide fragment for further reaction can be carried out in any known manner. Advantageously, blocking agents on amino groups, e.g. acyl protecting groups are removed in two steps with a hydrogen halide such as hydrogen chloride, in each step. The product is the acid addition salt such as the hydrogen chloride, which can be neutralized with a base such as triethylamine, pyridine, sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium or potassium carbonate, etc. The hydrogen halide can be prepared by bubbling hydrogen halide through a liquid medium such as e.g. dioxane or methylene chloride. A resin ester can be converted to an unprotected peptide by bubbling through hydrogen halide such as hydromide gas in a medium containing peptide resin ester<p>g trifluoroacetic acid.
Som nevnt ovenfor er det hensikten å modifisere polypeptidkjeden som inneholder T-V-L-sekvensen til en forbindelse som viser lengre effektiv levetid ved behandling av schizofrene symptomer enn aminosyre-tripeptidet og således kan sistnevnte polypeptid omdannes til et omega-N-acylert polypeptid. Kjente acyleringsmetoder kan brukes selv om det vil være gunstigst å benytte en prosess som ikke forstyrrer amino-syregruppenes optiske aktivitet. Alfa-aminogruppen på polypeptidet kan acyleres ved omsetning med det tilsvarende syrehalogenid, eller syreanhydrid, etter kjente metoder. Endeplaserte karboksylsyre- eller estergrupper kan forestres eller omestres etter kjente metoder for fremstilling av et peptid som vil vise stbrre effektiv dose. Forestring kan skje ved omsetning av polypeptidet som har en fri endeplasert karboksylsyregruppe med den tilsvarende alkohol. Amider med karakteristisk T-V-L-sekvens i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles på kjente måter. F.eks. kan den tilsvarende syre eller syrehalogenid, f.eks. -klorid av peptidet omsettes med ammoniakk eller et primært eller sekundært amin. Ammoniakk eller amid benyttes ofte i monst stdkiometrisk mengde for å oppnå fullstendig reaksjon med peptidet. Omsetningen kan foretas i et inert opplbsningsmiddel som tetrahydrofuran og ved en temperatur på omkring 10 til 50°C eller mer. Jo hoyere molvekten for acyl- og estergruppene er på peptidet, jo langsommere og av lengre varighet vil som regel virkningen være ved behandling av schizofrene symptomer. As mentioned above, the aim is to modify the polypeptide chain containing the T-V-L sequence into a compound that shows a longer effective lifetime in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms than the amino acid tripeptide and thus the latter polypeptide can be converted into an omega-N-acylated polypeptide. Known acylation methods can be used, although it would be most advantageous to use a process which does not interfere with the optical activity of the amino acid groups. The alpha-amino group on the polypeptide can be acylated by reaction with the corresponding acid halide, or acid anhydride, according to known methods. End-placed carboxylic acid or ester groups can be esterified or transesterified according to known methods for producing a peptide that will show a higher effective dose. Esterification can take place by reacting the polypeptide which has a free terminal carboxylic acid group with the corresponding alcohol. Amides with a characteristic T-V-L sequence according to the invention can be prepared in known ways. E.g. can the corresponding acid or acid halide, e.g. -chloride of the peptide is reacted with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. Ammonia or amide is often used in maximum stdchiometric amount to achieve complete reaction with the peptide. The reaction can be carried out in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and at a temperature of about 10 to 50°C or more. The higher the molecular weight of the acyl and ester groups on the peptide, the slower and of longer duration the effect will usually be in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms.
De funksjonelle derivater av forbindelser og mellomprodukter ifblge oppfinnelsen omfatter farmasbytiske salter inkl. syre- og baseaddisjonssalter av polypeptidene. Syre-addisjonssaltene kan fremstilles ved å omsette polypeptidet med en organisk eller uorganisk syre som saltsyre, hydrogenbrom-syre, svovelsyre, fosforsyre, eddiksyre, maleinsyre, vinsyre, sitronsyre, eplesyre, askorbinsyre, benzosyre o.l. Forbindelser med T-V-L-sekvensen kan også finnes i form av metallkom-plekser som fremstilles ved å omsette polypeptidene med et tungtopplbselig salt, hydroksyd eller oksyd av metallet. Metaller som kan brukes omfatter kobolt, kobber, kalsium, jern, sink, magnesium, natrium, kalium og ammonium. Andre metaller som kan brukes er nikkel og aluminium. F.eks. kan man få et metallkompleks ved å tilsette polypeptidet og et tungtopplbselig metall salt, metallhydroksyd eller metalloksyd til et vandig medium eller ved å tilsette et alkalisk medium til en vandig oppløsning av polypeptidet og et vesentlig uoppløselig metallsalt under dannelse av et uoppløselig polypeptid-metallhydroksyd-kompleks. Et uoppløselig polypeptidmetallsaltkom-pleks kan også fremstilles in situ ved å sette polypeptidet og et metallsalt til et vandig alkalisk medium. The functional derivatives of compounds and intermediates according to the invention comprise pharmaceutical salts including acid and base addition salts of the polypeptides. The acid addition salts can be prepared by reacting the polypeptide with an organic or inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid and the like. Compounds with the T-V-L sequence can also be found in the form of metal complexes which are produced by reacting the polypeptides with a sparingly soluble salt, hydroxide or oxide of the metal. Metals that can be used include cobalt, copper, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium, potassium and ammonium. Other metals that can be used are nickel and aluminium. E.g. a metal complex can be obtained by adding the polypeptide and a sparingly soluble metal salt, metal hydroxide or metal oxide to an aqueous medium or by adding an alkaline medium to an aqueous solution of the polypeptide and a substantially insoluble metal salt to form an insoluble polypeptide-metal hydroxide complex . An insoluble polypeptide metal salt complex can also be prepared in situ by adding the polypeptide and a metal salt to an aqueous alkaline medium.
Oppfinnelsen skal i det fblgende beskrives ved eksempler. I eksemplene foreligger peptidgrupper med optisk aktivitet i L-konfigurasjon hvor intet annet er angitt. The invention shall be described below by means of examples. In the examples, there are peptide groups with optical activity in L-configuration where nothing else is indicated.
Eksempel 1Example 1
Fremstilling av leucin- benzylester- p- toluensulfonatProduction of leucine-benzyl ester-p-toluenesulfonate
På en 200 ml trehalskolbe forsynt med Dean og Stark-kjblefelle, tilbakelbpskjbler (med tbrreror) og mekanisk rbrer kokes 15 g ( 0,0789 mol) p-toluensulfonsyre^-monohydrat inntil én ekvivalent vann er avgitt. På dette punkt tilsettes 10 g (0,07634 mol) leucin og 17,0 g (0,15 mol)benzylalkohol. Blandingen kokes ved tilbakelbp i 4 timer og man lar det hele avkjbles til romtemperatur. Opplbsningsmidlene fjernes i vakuum og det fås en hvit, fast rest. Det hvite stoffet vaskes med vannfri eter og omkrystalliseres fra etanol/eter og gir etter tre krystallisasjonstrinn 28,2 g leucin-benzylester-p-toluensulfonat (94% utbytte) med sm.p. 157 - 158°C. (dekomp.). In a 200 ml three-necked flask fitted with a Dean and Stark trap, reflux condenser (with tube) and mechanical stirrer, 15 g (0.0789 mol) p-toluenesulfonic acid^ monohydrate is boiled until one equivalent of water is given off. At this point, 10 g (0.07634 mol) of leucine and 17.0 g (0.15 mol) of benzyl alcohol are added. The mixture is refluxed for 4 hours and allowed to cool to room temperature. The solvents are removed under vacuum and a white, solid residue is obtained. The white substance is washed with anhydrous ether and recrystallized from ethanol/ether and after three crystallization steps yields 28.2 g of leucine benzyl ester p-toluenesulfonate (94% yield) with m.p. 157 - 158°C. (decomp.).
Eksempel 2Example 2
Fremstilling av benzyl- N- q- t- butyloksykarbonylvalylleucinatPreparation of benzyl-N-q-t-butyloxycarbonylvalylleucinate
Ca. 13,2 g (0,0336 mol) benzyl-leucinat-p-toluensul-. fonat behandles med natriumbikarbonat for fremstilling av benzyl-leucinat, som utvinnes med metylenklor.idekstraks jon. About. 13.2 g (0.0336 mol) benzyl-leucinate-p-toluenesul-. phonate is treated with sodium bicarbonate to produce benzyl leucinate, which is recovered by methylene chloride extraction.
På en 200 ml trehalskolbe forsynt med nitrogeninnlbpsrbr og In a 200 ml three-necked flask supplied with nitrogen inlnlbpsrbr and
-utlbp og magnetisk rbrer opplbses 6,25 g (0,34 mol) dicykloheksylkarbodiimid i 30 ml frisk-destillert torr CH2CI2og det opparbeidede benzyl-leucinat tilsettes. Blandingen holdes under nitrogenatmosfære og avkjbles til ca. -30°C med tbrris og karbontetraklorid. Til blandingen settes 7,45 g (0,0336 mol) N-a-t-butyloksykarbonylvalin opplost i 50 ml torr Ct^C^, dråpevis. Den dannede blanding lagres ved -10°C i 2 dager. Etter fjerning av den dannede hvite felling ved filtrering, vaskes metylenkloridsjiktet påfblgende med 25% vandig eddiksyre, vandig natriumbikarbonatopplbsning, vann, og mettet, vandig saltvann. Det organiske laget tbrkes over vannfri MgSO^og opplbsningsmidlet fjernes i vakuum. Inndampningsresten tas opp i etylacetat, filtreres og konsentreres på nytt i. vakuum. Det dannede faste stoff omkrystalliseres fra etanol/- heksan og gir etter "to kcystållisasjonstrinn 9,17 g benz yl-N-oc- t-butyloksykarbonylvalyl-leucinat (65% utbytte), sm.p. 90 - 91°C Eksempel 5 -exhaust and magnetic stirrer dissolve 6.25 g (0.34 mol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in 30 ml of freshly distilled dry CH2CI2 and the worked-up benzyl leucinate is added. The mixture is kept under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to approx. -30°C with ice and carbon tetrachloride. 7.45 g (0.0336 mol) of N-a-t-butyloxycarbonylvaline dissolved in 50 ml of dry Ct 2 C 2 are added dropwise to the mixture. The resulting mixture is stored at -10°C for 2 days. After removal of the white precipitate formed by filtration, the methylene chloride layer is washed successively with 25% aqueous acetic acid, aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water, and saturated aqueous brine. The organic layer is dried over anhydrous MgSO^ and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The evaporation residue is taken up in ethyl acetate, filtered and concentrated again in vacuo. The solid formed is recrystallized from ethanol/hexane and, after two crystallisation steps, yields 9.17 g of benzyl-N-oc-t-butyloxycarbonylvalyl-leucinate (65% yield), m.p. 90 - 91°C Example 5
Fremstilling av benzyl-N-cc-t-butyloksykarbonyl-0-benzyltreonyl- valylleucinat Preparation of benzyl-N-cc-t-butyloxycarbonyl-0-benzylthreonyl-valylleucinate
På en lOO ml trehalskolbe forsynt med gassinnlbp og utlop og magnetisk rbrer fylles 4,08 g (0,00972 mol) benzyl-N-a-t-butyloksykarbonylvalylleucinat opplost i 50 ml iseddik. Blandingen avkjøles til 5°C og man bobler hydrogenkloridgass gjennom blandingen i 30 minutter. Den inndampes så til tbrrhet i vakuum. ;Det dannede hvite pulver som er benzyl-valyl-leucinhydfoklorid vaskes flere ganger med vannfri eter. Pul-veret suspenderes i 30 ml torr Ct^C^, avkjbles til -30°C og behandles med 1,38 ml (0,010 mol) trietyla.min og rbres i 30 minutter til en opplbsning. 4.08 g (0.00972 mol) of benzyl-N-a-t-butyloxycarbonylvalylleucinate dissolved in 50 ml of glacial acetic acid are filled into a 100 ml three-necked flask equipped with a gas inlet and outlet and a magnetic stirrer. The mixture is cooled to 5°C and hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through the mixture for 30 minutes. It is then evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The white powder formed, which is benzyl-valyl-leucine hydrogen chloride, is washed several times with anhydrous ether. The powder is suspended in 30 ml of dry Ct 2 C 2 , cooled to -30°C and treated with 1.38 ml (0.010 mol) triethylamine and stirred for 30 minutes until a solution is formed.
Den dannede trietylaminopplbsning settes til 1,94 g (0,010 mol) dicykloheksylkarbodiimid opplost i 30 ml frisk-destillert torr C^C^. Oppløsningen holdes under nitrogenatmosfære og 3,0 g (0,00972 mol) N-a-t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzyltreonin opplost i 30 ml torr ChL-jC^ tilsettes dråpevis. Reaksjonsblandingen holdes på -10°C i 2 dager. Den dannede hvite felling frafiltreres og metylenkloridlaget vaskes fort-løpende med vann, 25% vandig eddiksyre, vandig natriumbikarbonatopplbsning, vann og mettet vandig saltvann. Det organiske sjiktét tbrkes !på; vannfri MgSO^og opplbsningsmidlet fjernes i vakuum. Residuet tas opp i etylacetat, filtreres og konsentreres i vakuum og gir 3,56 g hvitt pulver som er The formed triethylamine solution is added to 1.94 g (0.010 mol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dissolved in 30 ml of freshly distilled dry C₂C₂. The solution is kept under a nitrogen atmosphere and 3.0 g (0.00972 mol) of N-a-t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzylthreonine dissolved in 30 ml of dry ChL-jC^ is added dropwise. The reaction mixture is kept at -10°C for 2 days. The white precipitate formed is filtered off and the methylene chloride layer is washed successively with water, 25% aqueous acetic acid, aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water and saturated aqueous saline. The organic layer is applied; anhydrous MgSO^ and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.56 g of white powder which is
■benzyl-N-a-t-butyloksykarbonylrO-benzyltreonyl-valylleucinat (60% utbytte, sm.p. 115 - 119°C). ■benzyl-N-a-t-butyloxycarbonylrO-benzylthreonyl-valylleucinate (60% yield, m.p. 115 - 119°C).
Eksempel 4Example 4
Fremstilling av benzyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinat-hydroklorid Preparation of benzyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinate hydrochloride
Hydrogenkloridgass bobles langsomt i 50 minutter gjennom en kald (5°C) og omrbrt opplbsning ar 4,1 g (6,71 mmol) benzyl-N-oc-t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzyl-treonylvalylleucinat i 50 ml iseddik. Opplbsningsmidlet fjernes i vakuum. Residuet vaskes med eter og omkrystalliseres fra etanol/eter til 3,14 g benzyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinat-hydroklorid (86% utbytte med sm.p. 200 - 202,5°C). Hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled slowly for 50 minutes through a cold (5°C) and stirred solution of 4.1 g (6.71 mmol) of benzyl-N-oc-t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzyl-threonylvalylleucinate in 50 ml of glacial acetic acid. The solvent is removed under vacuum. The residue is washed with ether and recrystallized from ethanol/ether to give 3.14 g of benzyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinate hydrochloride (86% yield with m.p. 200 - 202.5°C).
Eksempel 5Example 5
Fremstilling av treonyl- valyl- leucinProduction of threonyl-valyl-leucine
1 g bénzyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinat-hydroklorid nøytraliseres til benzyl-O-benzyltreonyl-valylleucinat. En hydrogenolyseblanding fremstilles inneholdende benzyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinat, 0,5 g 10% palladium på trekull pr. 1 g of benzyl-O-benzylthreonyl-valylleucinate hydrochloride is neutralized to benzyl-O-benzylthreonyl-valylleucinate. A hydrogenolysis mixture is prepared containing benzyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinate, 0.5 g of 10% palladium on charcoal per
0,01 mol av forbindelsen som skal hydrogeneres, og absolutt etanol. Til blandingen settes 1,1 molekvivalenter eddiksyre basert på benzylesteren. Blandingen hydrogeneres i 4 timer. Kataly-satoren filtreres fra og opplbsningsmidlene fjernes i vakuum. Inndampningsresten vaskes med vannfri eter og omkrystalliseres fra etanol/eter til 544 mg av det frie peptid, treonylvalylleucin (85%' utbytte). 0.01 mole of the compound to be hydrogenated, and absolute ethanol. 1.1 molar equivalents of acetic acid based on the benzyl ester are added to the mixture. The mixture is hydrogenated for 4 hours. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvents are removed in vacuo. The evaporation residue is washed with anhydrous ether and recrystallized from ethanol/ether to give 544 mg of the free peptide, threonylvalyl leucine (85%' yield).
Eksempel 6Example 6
Fremstilling av benzyl- N- q- acetyl- O- benzyltreonylvalylleucinat Preparation of benzyl-N-q-acetyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinate
Benzyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinat fremstilles fraBenzyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinate is prepared from
1 g benzyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinat-hydroklorid som i eksempel 5 og opploses i eddiksyre, hvorpå 2 ekvivalenter eddiksyreanhydrid, basert på benzylesteren, tilsettes. Blandingen rores over natten. Opplosningsmidlene fjernes i vakuum og inndampningsresten omkrystalliseres fra metanol/eter til 806 mg benzyl-N-a-acetyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinat (85% utbytte). 1 g of benzyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinate hydrochloride as in example 5 and dissolved in acetic acid, after which 2 equivalents of acetic anhydride, based on the benzyl ester, are added. The mixture is stirred overnight. The solvents are removed in vacuo and the evaporation residue is recrystallized from methanol/ether to give 806 mg of benzyl-N-α-acetyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinate (85% yield).
Eksempel 7Example 7
Fremstilling av N- cc- acetyltreonylvalylleucinamidPreparation of N-cc-acetylthreonylvalyl leucinamide
1 g benzyl-N-oc-acetyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinat opploses i 95% etanol. Ammoniakk bobles gjennom oppløsningen 1 g of benzyl-N-oc-acetyl-O-benzylthreonylvalyl leucinate is dissolved in 95% ethanol. Ammonia is bubbled through the solution
i 8 timer. Etter omroring ved romtemperatur i 48 timer fjernes opplosningsmidlet i vakuum. Inndampningsresten vaskes med eter til 795 mg (99%) N-a-acetyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucinamid. 1 g av dette amid gjennomgår hydrogenolyse i absolutt etanol og gir 705 mg (90% utbytte) N-cc-acetyltreonylvalylleucinamid. for 8 hours. After stirring at room temperature for 48 hours, the solvent is removed in vacuo. The evaporation residue is washed with ether to give 795 mg (99%) of N-α-acetyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucinamide. 1 g of this amide undergoes hydrogenolysis in absolute ethanol to give 705 mg (90% yield) of N-cc-acetylthreonylvalyl leucinamide.
Eksempel 8Example 8
Merrifield- syntese av treonyl- valyl- leucinMerrifield synthesis of threonyl-valyl-leucine
En opplosningav 5,3 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-leucin (21,2 mmol), 2,5 ml trietylamin (18 mmol) i 2-metyltetrahydrofuran som opplosningsmiddel fremstilles og 20 g Merrifield-harpiks, som er polystyren tyerrbundet med 2% divinylbenzen, A solution of 5.3 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine (21.2 mmol), 2.5 ml of triethylamine (18 mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as solvent is prepared and 20 g of Merrifield resin, which is polystyrene tyre-bonded with 2% divinylbenzene,
og som gir 21,2 mmol klor, tilsettes. Merrifield-harpiksen analyseres og viser et innhold på 1,06 mmol klor pr. gram harpiks, og for bruk vaskes harpiksen med metanol, destillert vann, med etanol,og metylenklorid og torkes derpå i vakuum ved 100°C. For bruk destilleres 2-metyltetrahydrofuran over natriumdispersjon og trietylaminet destilleres over fenylisocyanat og re-destilleres over natriumdispersjon. Blandingen kokes ved til- and which gives 21.2 mmol chlorine, is added. The Merrifield resin is analyzed and shows a content of 1.06 mmol chlorine per grams of resin, and before use the resin is washed with methanol, distilled water, with ethanol and methylene chloride and then dried in a vacuum at 100°C. For use, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran is distilled over sodium dispersion and the triethylamine is distilled over phenyl isocyanate and redistilled over sodium dispersion. The mixture is boiled by adding
bakelbp i omkring 70 timer for å gjennomføre forestring av de blokkerte aminosyrer til harpiksen. Etter forestringsreaksjonen vaskes harpiksen med tetrahydrofuran, etanol, iseddik, etanol, destillert vann, etanol og metylenklorid og tbrkes i vakuum ved 100°C i 3 timer. Ca. 21,5 - 22 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-leu-cinharpiksester-fremstilles. bakelbp for about 70 hours to carry out esterification of the blocked amino acids to the resin. After the esterification reaction, the resin is washed with tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, glacial acetic acid, ethanol, distilled water, ethanol and methylene chloride and dried in a vacuum at 100°C for 3 hours. About. 21.5 - 22 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine resin ester are prepared.
t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-leucinharpiksesteren suspenderesThe t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine resin ester is suspended
i 200 ml metylenklorid og rores ved å gjennomboble ren nitrogen, t-butyloksykarbonyl-beskyttelsesgruppen fjernes ved å tilsette 400 ml av en blanding av like deler trifluoreddiksyre og metylenklorid. Harpiksen vaskes og nøytraliseres med 400 ml 10% trietylamin i kloroform. Harpiksen vakses med kloroform og metylenklorid. Ca. 4,82 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-valin tilsettes til harpiksen fulgt av en ekvivalent mengde, dvs. ca. in 200 ml of methylene chloride and stirred by bubbling through pure nitrogen, the t-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group is removed by adding 400 ml of a mixture of equal parts of trifluoroacetic acid and methylene chloride. The resin is washed and neutralized with 400 ml of 10% triethylamine in chloroform. The resin is waxed with chloroform and methylene chloride. About. 4.82 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-valine is added to the resin followed by an equivalent amount, i.e. approx.
4,57 g dicykliheksylkarbodiimid (24 mmol) og koplingsreaksjonen fortsettes i minst 16 timer. Den dannede t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-valyl-L-leucylharpiksester vaskes med metylenklorid, særlig vannfri etanol, iseddik, etanol og metylenklorid for å fjerne dicykloheksylurea-biproduktet. Avslutning av reaksjonen under-søkes ved Kaisér-fargereaksjon. 4.57 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (24 mmol) and the coupling reaction is continued for at least 16 hours. The t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl resin ester formed is washed with methylene chloride, especially anhydrous ethanol, glacial acetic acid, ethanol and methylene chloride to remove the dicyclohexylurea by-product. Completion of the reaction is checked by the Kaisér color reaction.
Man benytter samme fremgangsmåte som ovenfor for å fjerne t-butyloksykarbonyl (boc)-beskyttelsesgruppen. Til den frispaltede harpiksester settes 5,00 g t-boc-0-benzyl-L-treo- The same method as above is used to remove the t-butyloxycarbonyl (boc) protecting group. 5.00 g of t-boc-O-benzyl-L-threo-
nin og en ekvivalent mengde (3,6 g) dicykloheksylkarbodiimid (18,4 mmol) og koplingsreaksjonen forloper i 4 timer. Den dannede harpiksester vaskes på samme måten som tidligere og tbrkes over natt ved romtemperatur i vakuum over fosforpentoksyd. Omkring 22 - 23 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzyl-L-treonyl-L-valyl-L-leucylharpiksester fremstilles. nin and an equivalent amount (3.6 g) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (18.4 mmol) and the coupling reaction proceeds for 4 hours. The resin ester formed is washed in the same way as before and dried overnight at room temperature in a vacuum over phosphorus pentoxide. About 22 - 23 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzyl-L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl resin ester are prepared.
Avspalting av tripeptidet fra harpiksen skjer vedCleavage of the tripeptide from the resin takes place by
å suspendere den tbrkede t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzyltrebnyl-valylleucinharpiksester i 100 ml 100% trifluoreddiksyre som vannfri hydrogenbromid bobles gjennom. Under denne prosess blir harpiksesterbindingen og samtidig O-benzyl-beskyttelsesgruppen på treoninet avspaltet og gir de oppløselige hydrobro-mid- og trifluoracetat-salter av treonylvalyleucin i trifluoreddiksyre. to suspend the t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzyltrebnyl-valylleucine resin ester in 100 ml of 100% trifluoroacetic acid through which anhydrous hydrogen bromide is bubbled. During this process the resin ester bond and at the same time the O-benzyl protecting group on the threonine is cleaved and gives the soluble hydrobromide and trifluoroacetate salts of threonyl valylleucine in trifluoroacetic acid.
Trifluoreddiksyreopplbsningen blir inndampet til tørr-het harpiksen opplost i 100 ml av et likt volum metanol-destil lert vann. Blandingen inndampes til tbrrhet under redusert trykk og inndampningsresten opploses i 100 ml etanol som igjen inndampes under nedsatt trykk. Det torre materiale opploses i 10 - 20 ml i så lite som mulig 30% iseddik og filtreres. Fast natriumkarbonat eller natriumbikarbonat tilsettes langsomt til felling fremtrer. Det ferdige tripeptidproduktet omkrystalliseres fra etanol/vann ved å opplbse produktet i et stort overskudd av destillert vann, konsentrere opplbsningen ved å av-destillere en del av vannet og foreta krystalldannelse i kjole-skap ved ca. 5°C. Man får ca. 657 mg L-treonyl-L-valyl-L- The trifluoroacetic acid solution is evaporated to dryness, the resin is dissolved in 100 ml of an equal volume of methanol-distilled water. The mixture is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and the evaporation residue is dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol which is again evaporated under reduced pressure. The dry material is dissolved in 10 - 20 ml in as little as possible 30% glacial acetic acid and filtered. Solid sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate is added slowly until precipitation appears. The finished tripeptide product is recrystallized from ethanol/water by dissolving the product in a large excess of distilled water, concentrating the solution by distilling off part of the water and carrying out crystal formation in a dresser at approx. 5°C. You get approx. 657 mg L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-
leucin (75% utbytte) med sm.p.-område 240 - 242°C(dekomp.). leucine (75% yield) with m.p. range 240 - 242°C (decomp.).
Eksempel 9Example 9
Fremstilling av L- treonyl- L- valy- D- leucinProduction of L-threonyl-L-valy-D-leucine
Man gjentar fremgangsmåten fra eksempel 8, bortsett fra at det brukes D-leucin istedenfor L-leucin og det fremstilles L-treonyl-L-valyl-D-leucin. Produktet er en hvit krystallinsk blanding som finnes å ha- et dekomponeringspunkt på The procedure from example 8 is repeated, except that D-leucine is used instead of L-leucine and L-threonyl-L-valyl-D-leucine is produced. The product is a white crystalline mixture which has a decomposition point
ca. 240°C under forkullirig.about. 240°C under charring.
Eksempel 10Example 10
Fremstilling av N- q- acetyl- treonylvalylleucin Preparation of N-q-acetyl-threonylvalyl leucine
t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzyltreonylvalylleucin-•harpiksester fremstilles på samme måten som beskrevet i eksempel 8. t-butyloksykarbonyl-beskyttelsesgruppen fjernes på t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzylthreonylvalylleucine resin ester is prepared in the same way as described in example 8. The t-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group is removed on
samme måten som gruppene på leucyl-harpiksesteren og valyl-leucyl-harpiksesteren fjernes i eksempel 8 under dannelse av O-benzyltreonylvalylleucin-harpiksester. Ca. 5,0 g tbrket 0-benzyltreonylvalylleucinharpiksester acyleres ved forst å vaske harpiksesteren med dimetylformamid og derpå omsette harpiksen med acetyleringsreagens som består av 100 ml 44 volumdeler dimetylformamid, 5 volumdeler eddisyreanhydrid og 1 volumdel trietylamin i 20 - 50 minutter og harpiksen vaskes med dimetylformamid, og med metylenklorid, hvoretter den tbrkes i vakuum ved romtemperatur over natten. the same way as the groups on the leucyl resin ester and the valyl leucyl resin ester are removed in Example 8 to form O-benzylthreonyl valyl leucine resin ester. About. 5.0 g of used 0-benzylthreonylvalyl leucine resin ester is acylated by first washing the resin ester with dimethylformamide and then reacting the resin with acetylation reagent consisting of 100 ml 44 parts by volume dimethylformamide, 5 parts by volume acetic anhydride and 1 part by volume triethylamine for 20 - 50 minutes and the resin is washed with dimethylformamide, and with methylene chloride, after which it is dried in vacuo at room temperature overnight.
N-acetyl-peptidet spaltes av fra harpiksen som beskrevet i eksempel 8. Trifluoreddiksyreopplosningen inndampes til tbrrhet under nedsatt trykk. Residuet vaskes med like deler metanol og vann, inndampes til tbrrhet under nedsatt trykk, vaskes med etanol og opparbeides ved igjen å inndampe. til tbrrhet under nedsatt trykk. Sluttproduktet krystalliseres fra etanol/eter og gir 400 mg N-a-acetyl-treonylvalylleucin (55% utbytte) med smeltepunkt 210 - 214° C (dekomp.). The N-acetyl peptide is cleaved from the resin as described in example 8. The trifluoroacetic acid solution is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue is washed with equal parts methanol and water, evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, washed with ethanol and worked up by evaporation again. to dryness under reduced pressure. The final product is crystallized from ethanol/ether and gives 400 mg of N-α-acetyl-threonylvalylleucine (55% yield) with melting point 210 - 214° C (decomp.).
Eksempel 11Example 11
Merrifield-syntese av hydrokloridsaltet av glycyltreonylvalyl-leucin •Ut fra 10 g O-benzyltreonylvalylleucin-harpiksester fremstilt som beskrevet i eksempel 10 ble koplingen av t-butyloksykarbonyl-glycin foretatt ved å suspendere harpiksesteren i 100 ml metylenklorid, tilsette 1,94 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-glycin (10 mmol), fulgt av en ekvimolar mengde, dvs. 2,06 g, dicykloheksylkarbodiimid (10 mmol) og la kondensasjonen fortsette i 4 timer. t-butyloksykarbonyl-glycyl-O-benzyl-treonylvalylleucin-harpiksesteren spaltes av fra harpiksen som beskrevet i eksempel 8 ovenfor. Etter egnet vask i metanol, destillert vann, etanol og tilsetning av natriumkarbonat for å holde pH på 4,5 inndampes produktet til tbrrhet under nedsatt trykk. Merrifield synthesis of the hydrochloride salt of glycylthreonylvalylleucine •From 10 g of O-benzylthreonylvalylleucine resin ester prepared as described in Example 10, the coupling of t-butyloxycarbonylglycine was carried out by suspending the resin ester in 100 ml of methylene chloride, adding 1.94 g of t- butyloxycarbonylglycine (10 mmol), followed by an equimolar amount, i.e. 2.06 g, of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (10 mmol) and allowed the condensation to proceed for 4 hours. The t-butyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-O-benzyl-threonylvalylleucine resin ester is cleaved from the resin as described in Example 8 above. After suitable washing in methanol, distilled water, ethanol and the addition of sodium carbonate to keep the pH at 4.5, the product is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure.
Glycyltreonylvalylleucinet overfores til hydrokloridsaltet ved opplbsning i 100 ml av en blanding av 3 volumdeler etanol og 1 volumdel eter og gjennombobling av vannfri hydrogenkloridgass gjennom opplbsningen i omtrent 10 minutter. Produktet filtreres og tbrkes over natt ved romtemperatur i vakuum-.tbrker og gir 600 mg hydrokloridsalt av glycyltreonylvalylleu-cin (60% utbytte) med smeltepunkt 225 - 226°C (dekomp.). The glycylthreonylvalyl leucine is transferred to the hydrochloride salt by dissolving in 100 ml of a mixture of 3 parts by volume ethanol and 1 part by volume ether and bubbling anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas through the solution for approximately 10 minutes. The product is filtered and concentrated overnight at room temperature in a vacuum flask and gives 600 mg of the hydrochloride salt of glycylthreonyl valylleucine (60% yield) with a melting point of 225 - 226°C (decomp.).
Eksempel 12Example 12
Merrifield- syntese av N- ct- acetyl- tyrosyl- treonylvalylleucin Merrifield synthesis of N-ct-acetyl-tyrosyl-threonylvalylleucine
O-benzyl-treonylvalylleucin-harpiksester (fremstilt som i eksempel 10) i en mengde på 7,4 g settes til en reak-sjonsbeholder og suspenderes i 75 ml metylenklorid. Til opplbsningen settes 3,735 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzyltyrosin (10 mmol) fulgt av en ekvivalent mengde dicykloheksylkarbodiimid (2,06 g = 10 mmol) og koplingsreaksjonen forlbper i 4 timer. Man omrbrer ved å boble ren nitrogen gjennom suspen-sjonen* Harpiksen vaskes med metylenklorid, etanol, eddiksyre, etanol og metylenklorid igjen for å fjerne dicykloheksylurea-biproduktet, og tbrkes over natt ved romtemperatur i vakuum over fosforpentoksyd. Det torr produktet O-benzyltyrosyl-0-benzyltreonylvalylleucin-harpiksester oker typisk i vekt til 7,50 - 7,55 g. O-benzyl-threonylvalylleucine resin ester (prepared as in Example 10) in an amount of 7.4 g is added to a reaction vessel and suspended in 75 ml of methylene chloride. 3.735 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzyltyrosine (10 mmol) are added to the solution followed by an equivalent amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (2.06 g = 10 mmol) and the coupling reaction proceeds for 4 hours. Mix by bubbling pure nitrogen through the suspension* The resin is washed with methylene chloride, ethanol, acetic acid, ethanol and methylene chloride again to remove the dicyclohexylurea by-product, and dried overnight at room temperature in a vacuum over phosphorus pentoxide. The dry product O-benzyltyrosyl-O-benzylthreonyl valylleucine resin ester typically increases in weight to 7.50-7.55 g.
N-acetyleringen foretas på vesentlig samme måte somThe N-acetylation is carried out in essentially the same way as
i eksempel 10 for syntese av N-oc-acetyl-treonylvalylleucinet bortsett fra at det brukes 7,5 ml eddiksyreanhydrid, 2,5 ml trietylamin og 50 ml dimetylformamid. Etter N-acetyleringen vaskes harpiksen med dimetylformamid, derpå metylenklorid og tbrkes i vakuum ved romtemperatur over natt. in Example 10 for the synthesis of N-oc-acetyl-threonylvalylleucine except that 7.5 ml of acetic anhydride, 2.5 ml of triethylamine and 50 ml of dimethylformamide are used. After the N-acetylation, the resin is washed with dimethylformamide, then methylene chloride and dried in a vacuum at room temperature overnight.
'Avspalting av peptidet fra Merrifield-harpiksen skjer på samme måten som beskrevet i eksempel 8, bortsett fra at man for å unngå eventuelt elektrofil aromatisk substitusjon på tyrosinringen med brom forst bobler hydrogenbromid gjennom en resorcinol-trifluoreddiksyreblanding i et forhold på 2 g resorcinol pr. 100 ml trifluoreddiksyre for å fjerne spor av Br Som en ytterligere forholdsregel mot elektrofil substitusjon tilsettes 20 ml anisol direkte til spaltingsbeholderen. Sluttproduktet, N-a-acetyl-tyrosyltreonylvalylleucin omkrystalliseres fra etanol-eter og gir 900 mg tetrapeptid (5)% utbytte) Cleavage of the peptide from the Merrifield resin takes place in the same way as described in example 8, except that to avoid possible electrophilic aromatic substitution on the tyrosine ring with bromine, hydrogen bromide is first bubbled through a resorcinol-trifluoroacetic acid mixture in a ratio of 2 g of resorcinol per 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid to remove traces of Br As a further precaution against electrophilic substitution, 20 ml of anisole is added directly to the cleavage vessel. The final product, N-α-acetyl-tyrosylthreonylvalylleucine is recrystallized from ethanol-ether to give 900 mg of tetrapeptide (5% yield)
med smeltepunktområde.234,5 - 235°C (dekomp.). Aminosyreanalyse av produktet gir 0,93 tyrosin, 1,00 treonin, 1,00 valih og 1,00 leucin. with melting point range.234.5 - 235°C (decomp.). Amino acid analysis of the product gives 0.93 tyrosine, 1.00 threonine, 1.00 valih and 1.00 leucine.
Eksempel 13Example 13
Merrifield- syntese av treonylvalylisoleucinMerrifield synthesis of threonylvalylisoleucine
En opplbsning av 5,3 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-isoleucin (21,2 mmol), 2,5 ml trietylamin (18 mmol) i 2-metyltetrahydrofuran som opplbsningsmiddel fremstilles og 20 g Merrifield-harpiks tilsettes. Fbr bruk vaskes harpiksen med metanol, destillert vann, etanol og metylenklorid og tbrkes i vakuum ved 100°C. For bruk destilleres 2-metyltetrahydrofuran over en natriumdispersjon og trietylaminet destilleres over fenylisocyanat og omdestilleres over natriumdispersjon. Blandingen kokes ved tilbakelbp i omkring 72 timer for å fjen-nomfbres forestring av de blokkerte aminosyrer til harpiksen. Etter forestringsreaksjonen vaskes harpiksen med tetrahydrofuran, etanol, iseddik, etanol, destillert vann, etanol og metylenklorid og tbrkes i vakuum ved 100°C i 3 timer. Ca. 21,5 A solution of 5.3 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-isoleucine (21.2 mmol), 2.5 ml of triethylamine (18 mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as solvent is prepared and 20 g of Merrifield resin is added. Before use, the resin is washed with methanol, distilled water, ethanol and methylene chloride and dried in a vacuum at 100°C. For use, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran is distilled over a sodium dispersion and the triethylamine is distilled over phenylisocyanate and redistilled over a sodium dispersion. The mixture is refluxed for about 72 hours to remove the esterification of the blocked amino acids to the resin. After the esterification reaction, the resin is washed with tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, glacial acetic acid, ethanol, distilled water, ethanol and methylene chloride and dried in a vacuum at 100°C for 3 hours. About. 21.5
- 22 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-isoleucin-harpiksester er utbyttet. Denne kopling av t-butyloksykarbonylvalin til t-butyloksy-karbonylisoleucin-harpiksester skjer på samme måten som koplingen av t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-valin til t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-leucin-harpiksesteren som beskrevet i eksempel 8. På grunn - 22 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-isoleucine resin ester are yielded. This coupling of t-butyloxycarbonylvaline to t-butyloxycarbonylisoleucine resin ester takes place in the same way as the coupling of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-valine to the t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine resin ester as described in Example 8. Due
av den ennå stbrre steriske hindring lar man imidlertid reak- of the still greater steric hindrance allows, however,
sjonen forlope i 24 timer. Harpiksen blir derpå vasket som van-lig for å fjerne biprodukter og man undersbker om reaksjonen er fullfort med Kaiser fargereaksjon. Addisjonsreaksjonen til t-butyloksykarbonyl-treonin for fremstilling av t-butyloksykarbonyl-treo nylvalylisoleucin-harpiksester, spalting av peptidet fra harpiksen under dannelse av t-butyloksykarbonyl-treonylvalylisoleucin og den følgende isolasjon og rensing skjer som beskrevet for fremstilling av treonylvalylleucin i eksempel 8. Man får tripeptidet, treonylvalylisoleucin i en mengde på ca. 600 mg (68% utbytte). The session will last for 24 hours. The resin is then washed as usual to remove by-products and one examines whether the reaction is complete with the Kaiser color reaction. The addition reaction to t-butyloxycarbonyl-threonine for the preparation of t-butyloxycarbonyl-threonyl valyl isoleucine resin ester, cleavage of the peptide from the resin to form t-butyloxycarbonyl-threonyl valyl isoleucine and the following isolation and purification takes place as described for the preparation of threonyl valyl leucine in Example 8. Man receives the tripeptide, threonylvalylisoleucine in an amount of approx. 600 mg (68% yield).
Eksempel 14Example 14
Merrifield- syntese av treonylvalyleucinylargininMerrifield synthesis of threonylvalyleucinylarginine
Man folger samme fremgangsmåten som"i eksempel 8 bortsett fra at det brukes 6,78 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-nitro-(guanidinyl)-L-arginin (21,2 mmol) som aminosyre forestret til 20 g Merrifield-harpiks. Forestringsreaksjonen utfores ved å koke blandingen ved tilbakelop i ca. 72 timer og harpiksesteren vaskes og tørkes som i eksempel 8 til ca. 22 eller 23 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-nitroarginin-harpiksester. Ca. 5 g ,t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-leucin (24 mmol) koples til nitroarginin-harpiksesteren ved tilsetning av en ekvivalent mengde dicykloheksylkarbodiimid (4,6 g = 24 mmol), og man lar reaksjonen forlope i 16 timer. Etter vasking av harpiksesteren gjennomføres koplingen av t-butyloksykarbonyl-L-valin og t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzyl-L-treonin til harpiksesteren på samme måten som beskrevet i eksempel 8. Man får omtrent 24 g t-butyloksykarbonyl-O-benzoyl-L-treonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-arginin-harpiksester. The same procedure as in Example 8 is followed, except that 6.78 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-nitro-(guanidinyl)-L-arginine (21.2 mmol) are used as amino acid esterified to 20 g of Merrifield resin. The esterification reaction is carried out by refluxing the mixture for about 72 hours and the resin ester washed and dried as in Example 8 to about 22 or 23 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-nitroarginine resin ester About 5 g of ,t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine (24 mmol) is coupled to the nitroarginine resin ester by adding an equivalent amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (4.6 g = 24 mmol), and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 16 hours. After washing the resin ester, the coupling of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-valine and t-butyloxycarbonyl- O-benzyl-L-threonine to the resin ester in the same way as described in example 8. Approximately 24 g of t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-benzoyl-L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-arginine resin ester are obtained.
På grunn av nitrogruppens stabilitet overfor hydrogenbromid spaltes den beskyttede peptidharpiksester med vannfri hydrogenfluorid for også å fjerne nitrogruppen. Etter passering gjennom en egnet ionevekslerharpiks konsentreres elueringsmidlet til en olje og utfelles isoelektrisk ved tilsetning av fast natriumkarbonat. Produktet L-treonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginin omkrystalliseres fra etanol-vann og gir ca. 900 mg av tetrapeptidet. Due to the stability of the nitro group towards hydrogen bromide, the protected peptide resin ester is cleaved with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to also remove the nitro group. After passing through a suitable ion exchange resin, the eluent is concentrated to an oil and isoelectrically precipitated by the addition of solid sodium carbonate. The product L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine is recrystallized from ethanol-water and gives approx. 900 mg of the tetrapeptide.
Peptider med karakteristisk T-V-L-sekvens kan også fremstilles i fast fase ved omsetning med klormetylert harpiks som er en polystyren tverrbundet med divinylbenzenharpiks og forhandles av Bio Rad Laboratories, Richmond, California, U.S.A., under merket "Bio Beads SX-1". For tilsetning av peptidrester blir f.eks. en t-butyloksykarbonylleucin-harpiksester suspen-dert i dioksan og beskyttelsesgruppene frigjort med 4N saltsyre. Det dannede hydroklorid nøytraliseres med trietylamin og vaskes. Koplingen av ytterligere aminosyrerester kan gjen-nomføres ved å bruke at koplingsmiddel som dicykloheksylkarbodiimid. 'Denne fremgangsmåten har ikke vist seg å være så billig som andre syntesemetoder som f.eks. Merrifield-syntesén. Eksempel 15 Treonylvalyleucin- metylester Peptides with a characteristic T-V-L sequence can also be prepared in solid phase by reaction with chloromethylated resin which is a polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene resin and sold by Bio Rad Laboratories, Richmond, California, U.S.A., under the brand "Bio Beads SX-1". For the addition of peptide residues, e.g. a t-butyloxycarbonylleucine resin ester suspended in dioxane and the protecting groups released with 4N hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloride formed is neutralized with triethylamine and washed. The coupling of further amino acid residues can be carried out by using a coupling agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. 'This method has not been shown to be as cheap as other synthesis methods such as e.g. The Merrifield Synthesis. Example 15 Threonylvalyleucine methyl ester
,Rå treonylvalyleucin (0,066 g = 0,2 mmol) fylles på,Crude threonylvalyleucine (0.066 g = 0.2 mmol) is added
en 5 ml reaksjonsampulle og tbrkes ved 100°C i vakuum over natt over fosforanhydrid. Det torre tripeptid opploses i 0,54 ml vannfri metanol. En på forhånd fremstilt blanding av dimetok-sypropan og ren hydrogenklorid i vektforhold 542:83 tilsettes i en mengde på 0,63 ml til reaksjonsblandingen. Reaksjonsam-pullen lukkes. Blandingen rystes grundig og hensettes over a 5 ml reaction ampoule and dried at 100°C in vacuum overnight over phosphoric anhydride. The dry tripeptide is dissolved in 0.54 ml of anhydrous methanol. A previously prepared mixture of dimethoxypropane and pure hydrogen chloride in a weight ratio of 542:83 is added in an amount of 0.63 ml to the reaction mixture. The reaction vial is closed. The mixture is shaken thoroughly and set aside
natt for dannelse av treonylvalylleucin-metylesteren. Opplbs-ningsmidlehe avdampes under nitrogen og tbrkes i vakuum ved 100°C over forsforsyreanhydrid over natt. night for the formation of the threonyl valyl leucine methyl ester. The solvent is evaporated under nitrogen and dried in a vacuum at 100°C over phosphoric anhydride overnight.
Eksempel 16Example 16
N- O- diacetyl- treonylvalylleucin- metylesterN- O- diacetyl- threonyl valyl leucine methyl ester
Produktet fra eksempel 15 opploses i 0,38 ml pyridin. Eddiksyreanhydrid i en mengde på 0,1 ml (2 mmol) tilsettes som acyleringsmiddel og reaksjonsblandingen holdes ved 37°C i 20 minutter i lukket ampulle. Opplbsningsmidlet avdampes under nitrogen og det acylerte produktet tbrkes i vakuum ved 100°C The product from example 15 is dissolved in 0.38 ml of pyridine. Acetic anhydride in an amount of 0.1 ml (2 mmol) is added as an acylating agent and the reaction mixture is kept at 37°C for 20 minutes in a closed ampoule. The solvent is evaporated under nitrogen and the acylated product is dried in a vacuum at 100°C
over fosforsyreanhydrid over natten.over phosphoric anhydride overnight.
Den acylerte tripeptidester N-O-diacetyl-treonylvalylleucin-metylester kan renses ved å opplbse råproduktet i metanol og fore prbven gjennom én hbytrykks-væskekromato- The acylated tripeptide ester N-O-diacetyl-threonylvalylleucine methyl ester can be purified by dissolving the crude product in methanol and passing the sample through one high-pressure liquid chromato-
graf. En modul-væskekromatograf av typen Waters utstyrt med en prepareringskolonne 3 m hby og 9 mm i diameter fylt med "Phenylporasil-B" benyttes med metanol som elueringsmiddel. graph. A modular liquid chromatograph of the Waters type equipped with a preparation column 3 m high and 9 mm in diameter filled with "Phenylporasil-B" is used with methanol as eluent.
Man måler brytningsindeks og UV-absorbsjon ved 225 nm for eluatet og metanolens strbmningshastighet er 1 ml pr. minutt. Refractive index and UV absorption at 225 nm are measured for the eluate and the methanol's flow rate is 1 ml per minute.
En absorberende fraksjon som utgjor omkring 100 ml eluatvolum oppsamles. Fraksjonens opplbsningsmiddel avdampes under en strbm av torr nitrogen og tbrkes i vakuum ved 100°C over fosfor- An absorbent fraction that makes up about 100 ml of eluate volume is collected. The fraction's solvent is evaporated under a stream of dry nitrogen and dried in a vacuum at 100°C over phosphorus
syreanhydrid, over natten.acid anhydride, overnight.
Det folgende eksempel illustrerer isolasjon og fremstilling av tripeptid-treonylvalylleucin fra dyr. The following example illustrates the isolation and preparation of the tripeptide threonylvalylleucine from animals.
Eksempel 17Example 17
Ekstraksjon og isolasjon av treonylvalylleucin-holdig polypeptid fra kvegh. jerne Extraction and isolation of threonylvalylleucine-containing polypeptide from cattle. iron
Hypotalamus fra flere kveghjerner dissekeres ut og homogeniseres i bufferopplbsning, idet folgende betegnet "tris-citratbuffer", som er fremstilt slik: The hypothalamus from several bovine brains is dissected out and homogenized in a buffer solution, the following termed "tris-citrate buffer", which is prepared as follows:
Tris- citratbufferTris-citrate buffer
0,498 molar vandig opplbsning av tris-citratbuffer fremstilles slik: Til 1 liter destillert vann tilsettes 9,58 g sitronsyre og 49,9 g tris(hydroksymetyl)-aminometan. pH for den dannede opplbsning innstilles på 8,65 ved tilsetning av 0,1 molar vandig natriumhydroksyd. Homogenisering av hypotalamus utfores i fire volumdeler (ml) tris-citratbuffer pr. vektdel (g) hypotalamus. Den homogeniserte blanding sentrifugeres ved 15.000 omdreininger pr. minutt i 20 minutter ved 4°C og den overflytende væske som inneholder ekstrahert anti-S-proteinfaktor og en rekke forurensninger oppsamles. 4 kg stivelseshydrolysat vaskes én gang med destillert vann og to ganger med tris-citratbufferen. Den fuktige stivelsen formes til en blokk som måler 123 x 60 cm x hbyden 5 cm. A 0.498 molar aqueous solution of tris-citrate buffer is prepared as follows: 9.58 g of citric acid and 49.9 g of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane are added to 1 liter of distilled water. The pH of the solution formed is adjusted to 8.65 by adding 0.1 molar aqueous sodium hydroxide. Homogenization of the hypothalamus is carried out in four volumes (ml) of tris-citrate buffer per weight part (g) hypothalamus. The homogenized mixture is centrifuged at 15,000 rpm. minute for 20 minutes at 4°C and the supernatant containing extracted anti-S protein factor and a variety of contaminants is collected. 4 kg of starch hydrolyzate is washed once with distilled water and twice with the tris-citrate buffer. The moist starch is shaped into a block measuring 123 x 60 cm x height 5 cm.
De to ender av blokken holdes på plass med filtrerpapir forThe two ends of the block are held in place with filter paper
at overskudd av buffer skal kunne renne ut. Etter en slik drenering har blokken en tykkelse på bare 1,5 cm. that excess buffers should be able to flow out. After such drainage, the block has a thickness of only 1.5 cm.
Langs bredden av stivelsesblokken, i en avstandAlong the width of the starch block, at a distance
43,5 cm fra dens ene ende, graver man ut en 2,5 cm bred renne i blokken. Blokkens temperatur innstilles på 4°C. Væsken fra den ovennevnte sentrifugering (ca. 35 - 40 ml) som inneholder anti-S-proteinfaktoren blandes med 10 dråper brom-fenolblått. Oppløsningen blandes med den utgravde stivelsen og denne blanding helles opp i den 2,5 cm brede rennen i blokken. 43.5 cm from one end, dig a 2.5 cm wide channel in the block. The block's temperature is set to 4°C. The liquid from the above-mentioned centrifugation (approx. 35 - 40 ml) containing the anti-S protein factor is mixed with 10 drops of bromine-phenol blue. The solution is mixed with the excavated starch and this mixture is poured into the 2.5 cm wide channel in the block.
Blokken utsettes så for en elektroforetisk strbm på 750 volt og 50 milliampere, idet katoden forbindes med den enden av blokken som ligger 43,5 cm fra rennen, og anoden med den andre enden. Man forer strbmmen kontinuerlig gjennom blokken til den blå linjen over. blokkens bredde (som skyldes brom- fenolblått) beveger seg mot anoden en avstand lik 42 cm. Dette tar ca. 18 timer. I lbpet av dette tidsrom beveger en lyse-rbd linje seg (som kommer fra hemoglobinet i ekstraktet fra hypotalamus) mot katoden en avstand på 5 cm fra rennen. The block is then subjected to an electrophoretic current of 750 volts and 50 milliamperes, the cathode being connected to the end of the block which is 43.5 cm from the chute, and the anode to the other end. The stream is fed continuously through the block to the blue line above. the width of the block (which is due to bromo-phenol blue) moves towards the anode a distance equal to 42 cm. This takes approx. 18 hours. During the first half of this time, a light-rbd line (which comes from the hemoglobin in the extract from the hypothalamus) moves towards the cathode at a distance of 5 cm from the trough.
Området mellom de blå og rode linjer etter elektro-foresen déles i 10 striper hvor hver stripe går over hele blokkens bredde og selv er ca. 5 cm brede. Hver strimmel blir separat og fullstendig gravet ut fra blokken og oppslemmet i 12 ml tris-citratbuffer i ca. 10 minutter. Oppslemmingen vakuum-filtreres gjennom en Buchner-trakt. De 10 fraksjoner gjennomgår en tropt.ofan-opptaksprove beskrevet i Biological Psychiatry, bind 7, nr. 1, side 53 (1973), som indikasjon på mengden anti-S-proteinfaktor. To eller tre av de aktive fraksjoner behol-des. Idet man nummererer båndene på stivelsesblokken fra 1 - 10 og starter med den blå linjen, finner man de fraksjoner som inneholder storste anti-S-protein-aktivitet vanligvis i bånd eller striper nr. 2, 9 og 10. The area between the blue and red lines after the electrophoresis is divided into 10 strips, where each strip runs across the entire width of the block and is itself approx. 5 cm wide. Each strip is separately and completely excavated from the block and resuspended in 12 ml of Tris-citrate buffer for approx. 10 minutes. The slurry is vacuum-filtered through a Buchner funnel. The 10 fractions undergo a tropt.ofan uptake test described in Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 7, No. 1, page 53 (1973), as an indication of the amount of anti-S protein factor. Two or three of the active fractions are retained. By numbering the bands on the starch block from 1 - 10 and starting with the blue line, the fractions containing the greatest anti-S-protein activity are usually found in bands or strips No. 2, 9 and 10.
Ovenstående fremgangsmåte gjentas tilstrekkelig mange ganger til at man har 20 fraksjoner med relativt hby anti-S-proteinfaktor-aktivitet. Disse 20 fraksjoner slås sammen og avdampes gjennom dialyseror for reduksjon av volumet fra opp-rinnelig 100 - 160 ml til ca..40 - 60 ml. The above procedure is repeated a sufficient number of times to obtain 20 fractions with relatively high anti-S protein factor activity. These 20 fractions are combined and evaporated through dialysis tubes to reduce the volume from the initial 100 - 160 ml to approx. 40 - 60 ml.
Deretter prepareres en fylt kolonne for kromatografer-, ing av den konsentrerte opplbsning av rå anti-S-proteinfaktor som folger: DEAE- cellulosekolonne A packed column is then prepared for chromatographing the concentrated solution of crude anti-S protein factor as follows: DEAE cellulose column
800 g "Selectacel" som er en DEAS-type av cellulose (dietylaminoetylcellulose forhandlet av Brown Company i Berlin, New Hampshire, U.S.A.) vakses to ganger med 20 1 porsjoner 0,19N vandig natriumhydroksyd. Deretter vaskes fyllingsmaterialet med 20 1 porsjoner 0,19N saltsyre. Derpå vaskes materialet med 0,005 molar fosfatbuffer til skyllebufferen er kloridfri (vanligvis 25 ganger). Fyllmaterialet fylles derpå på en 110 800 g of "Selectacel" which is a DEAS type of cellulose (diethylaminoethyl cellulose sold by the Brown Company of Berlin, New Hampshire, U.S.A.) is waxed twice with 20 L portions of 0.19N aqueous sodium hydroxide. The filling material is then washed with 20 1 portions of 0.19N hydrochloric acid. The material is then washed with 0.005 molar phosphate buffer until the rinse buffer is chloride-free (usually 25 times). The filling material is then filled on a 110
cm hby glasskolonne med innerdiameter 2,5 cm.cm hby glass column with inner diameter 2.5 cm.
Den konsentrerte rå opplbsning av anti-S proteinfaktor fylles på DEAE-kolonnen og den elueres deretter med et 2-kolbe-gradientsystem hvor kolbe A inneholder 1.000 ml 0,005 molar vandig kationfosfat-pufferopplbsning (pH 7,4) og kolben B inneholder 1.000 ml 0,04 M vandig kationfosfatpufferopplbs- ning (pH 4,3) som er tilsatt natriumklorid i et forhold på 405,5 g natriumklorid pr. 50 liter bufferopplosning. Eluatet oppsamles i 15 ml fraksjoner og man får ca. 120 fraksjoner ialt som nummereres. Hver fraksjon gjennomgår prove for bestemmel-se av anti-S-proteinfaktorens aktivitet ved trypt.ofan-opptaksmetoden, og de 10 fraksjoner med den største anti-S-faktor-aktivitet slås 'sammen og konsentreres ved frysetørking til ca. 10% av det opprinnelige volum. The concentrated crude solution of anti-S protein factor is loaded onto the DEAE column and it is then eluted with a 2-flask gradient system where flask A contains 1,000 ml of 0.005 molar aqueous cation phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) and flask B contains 1,000 ml of 0 .04 M aqueous cation phosphate buffer solution (pH 4.3) to which sodium chloride has been added in a ratio of 405.5 g sodium chloride per 50 liters of buffer solution. The eluate is collected in 15 ml fractions and you get approx. 120 fractions in total that are numbered. Each fraction undergoes a test to determine the activity of the anti-S-protein factor by the tryptophan absorption method, and the 10 fractions with the greatest anti-S-factor activity are combined and concentrated by freeze-drying to approx. 10% of the original volume.
Man gjentar denne fremgangsmåte tilstrekkelig mange ganger til at man har nok konsentrat inneholdende anti-S-pro-teinf aktor til å gi et samlet proteininnhold på ca. 200 mg i henhold til Lowry-metoden. Dette krever ca. 300 - 400 ml konsentrat som igjen krever ca. 400 - 1.000 g kveghypotalamus som igjen rna dissekeres fra omkring 160 kveghoder. This procedure is repeated a sufficient number of times until there is enough concentrate containing the anti-S-protein factor to give a total protein content of approx. 200 mg according to the Lowry method. This requires approx. 300 - 400 ml concentrate which again requires approx. 400 - 1,000 g of bovine hypothalamus, which again contains RNA, is dissected from around 160 cattle.
Konsentratet som inneholder omkring 200 mg protein dialyseres mot destillert vann i 24 timer. For hvert 17 ml konsentrat tilsettes 4,25 ml 0,1 molar trypsin og 2,1 ml 1 molar CaC^. Hele blandingens pH innstilles på 7,8 med 1 molar NaOH og inkuberes i 2 timer på vannbadryster ved 37°C Etter inkubering filtreres opplbsningen gjennom en "Diaflo<u>membran med molvekt 10.000 ("Amicon UM-10"). Etter filtrering tilsettes 4,25 ml 0,1 molar pepsinopplosningen pr. 17 ml filtrat-blanding. pH innstilles på 1,5 med 1 molar HC1 og blandingen inkuberes igjen i 2 timer ved 37°C. Etter inkubering heves pH til 7,8 med 1 molar NaOH og oppløsningen filtreres gjennom en Diaflo-membran ("Amicon UM-2"), med molvekt 1.000. The concentrate, which contains around 200 mg of protein, is dialysed against distilled water for 24 hours. For every 17 ml of concentrate, 4.25 ml of 0.1 molar trypsin and 2.1 ml of 1 molar CaC3 are added. The pH of the entire mixture is adjusted to 7.8 with 1 molar NaOH and incubated for 2 hours on a water bath shaker at 37°C. After incubation, the solution is filtered through a "Diaflo<u>membrane with a molecular weight of 10,000 ("Amicon UM-10"). After filtration, 4.25 ml of the 0.1 molar pepsin solution per 17 ml of filtrate mixture. The pH is adjusted to 1.5 with 1 molar HCl and the mixture is again incubated for 2 hours at 37°C. After incubation, the pH is raised to 7.8 with 1 molar NaOH and the solution are filtered through a Diaflo membrane ("Amicon UM-2"), with a molecular weight of 1,000.
Filtratet flashavdampes for reduksjon av volumet til omkring 50 ml. Blandingen sentrifugeres og den overflytende væske oppsamles. Væskens pH innstilles på under 2,2 ved å tilsette konsentrert saltsyre. Den surnede væsken fortynnes med destillert vann til 75 ml. Oppløsningen som inneholder anti-S-proteinfaktor kolonnekromatograferes på folgende kolonne: Forste sulfonerte harpikskolonne The filtrate is flash evaporated to reduce the volume to around 50 ml. The mixture is centrifuged and the supernatant liquid is collected. The liquid's pH is set below 2.2 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. The acidified liquid is diluted with distilled water to 75 ml. The solution containing anti-S protein factor is column chromatographed on the following column: First sulfonated resin column
Fyllmaterialet er "Aminex 50-WX2" fra Bio Rad Company som er en hydrogenioneform av en "Dowex" kationeveksler-harpiks med partikkelstbrrelse 200 - 325 mesh. Harpiksen er en sulfonert polystyren med 2% nominell tverrbinding med divinylbenzen. Fyllmaterialet vaskes i Buchner-trakt med 0,1N saltsyre til vaskevæsken er fargeløs. Derpå vaskes materialet med destil lert vann til væsken har pH lik 5, hvorpå materialet vaskes med omkring 3 volumdeler 2,ON- vandig natriumhydroksyd. Fyllmaterialet vaskes igjen med destillert vann til væsken har pH lik 5. Deretter overfores det til begerglass og oppslemmes i 2 volumdeler IN vandig natriumhydroksyd ved 35°C i 2 - 3 timer. Derpå går'oppslemmingen gjennom en Buchner-trakt og filter-kaken vaskés med destillert vann til væsken har pH lik 5. Fyllmaterialet oppslemmes i 2 volumdeler 0,2 molar vandig opplbsning av natriumcitrat (pH 3>l) og oppslemmingen helles opp i en glasskolonne 150 cm hby og 2 cm i innerdiameter. The filler material is "Aminex 50-WX2" from Bio Rad Company which is a hydrogen ion form of a "Dowex" cation exchange resin with a particle size of 200 - 325 mesh. The resin is a sulfonated polystyrene with 2% nominal cross-linking with divinylbenzene. The filling material is washed in a Buchner funnel with 0.1N hydrochloric acid until the washing liquid is colourless. The material is then washed with distilled water until the liquid has a pH equal to 5, after which the material is washed with about 3 parts by volume of 2.ON aqueous sodium hydroxide. The filler material is washed again with distilled water until the liquid has a pH equal to 5. It is then transferred to a beaker and suspended in 2 parts by volume IN aqueous sodium hydroxide at 35°C for 2 - 3 hours. The slurry is then passed through a Buchner funnel and the filter cake is washed with distilled water until the liquid has a pH equal to 5. The filler material is slurried in 2 volumes of a 0.2 molar aqueous solution of sodium citrate (pH 3>l) and the slurry is poured into a glass column 150 cm high and 2 cm in inner diameter.
Den sure, vandige opplbsning av rå anti-S-proteinfaktor fylles på Aminex-kolonnen som derpå elueres med et 2-kolbe-elueringssystem hvor kolbe A inneholder 2.000 ml 0,2M vandig natriumcitratopplbsning (pH 3,1) og kolbe B inneholder 2.000 ml acetatcitratbuffer [pH 9,1) fremstilt ut fra 315 g sitronsyre og 402 g natriumacetat i 4 liter ionefritt vann. Kolonnen holdes under et trykk på 0,7 atm nitrogen. Eluatet oppsamles i 10 ml fraksjoner, som gir 120 fraksjoner ialt. Fraksjonene nummereres i levert rekkefolge fra kolonnen. Fraksjonene undersbkes ved tryptofan-opptaksmetoden for å finne anti-S-proteinfaktorens aktivitet. Det oppsettes en The acidic aqueous solution of crude anti-S protein factor is loaded onto the Aminex column which is then eluted with a 2-flask elution system where flask A contains 2,000 ml of 0.2M aqueous sodium citrate solution (pH 3.1) and flask B contains 2,000 ml acetate citrate buffer [pH 9.1) prepared from 315 g of citric acid and 402 g of sodium acetate in 4 liters of deionized water. The column is kept under a pressure of 0.7 atm nitrogen. The eluate is collected in 10 ml fractions, which gives a total of 120 fractions. The fractions are numbered in the order provided from the column. The fractions are examined by the tryptophan absorption method to determine the activity of the anti-S protein factor. One is set up
kurve over antall fraksjoner langs x-aksen og fraksjonenes aktivitet langs y-aksen. Man finner minst én aktivitetstopp på den dannede kurven,.vanligvis i området mellom tyvende og tredevte fraksjon og ofte ser man andre topper, f.eks. én i curve of the number of fractions along the x-axis and the fractions' activity along the y-axis. You find at least one activity peak on the formed curve, usually in the area between the twentieth and thirtieth fractions and often you see other peaks, e.g. one i
40-talls-fraksjonene, én i 70-talls-fraksjoner og én i 90-talls-fraksjoner og én topp i området mellom 110 og 120-talls-fraksjonene. De fraksjoner som danner hver topp, f.eks. 2 eller 3 The 40s fractions, one in the 70s fractions and one in the 90s fractions and one peak in the area between the 110s and 120s fractions. The fractions that form each peak, e.g. 2 or 3
fraksjoner i 20-talls-fraksjonene, slås sammen for viderebe-handling. Hver slik gruppe av fraksjonssekvenser behandles i det folgende separat som angitt nedenfor. fractions in the 20s fractions are merged for further processing. Each such group of fractional sequences is treated separately in the following as indicated below.
FordelingskrornatografiDistribution chart
. Metode A. Method A
Gruppen av fraksjoner med hby anti-S-proteinfaktor-aktivitet flashavdampes på rotasjonsfordamper til ca. 5-10 ml volum. Konsentratet gjennomgår teppe-elektroforese med apparatur Beckman Spinco modell CP. 20 liter elektrolyttopp-lbsning lages ut fra 22,4 ml 0,5M vandig KH2PO^-opplbsning med 259,2 ml 0,5M vandig opplbsning av Na2HP0^og fortynning av blandingen til 20 1 med destillert vann og innstilling av blandingens pH til 8,0 med fosforsyre eller natriumhydroksyd etter behov. 50 milliampere 950 volt likestrom benyttes. Bare ca. 5 1 elektrolyttopplosning brukes til hvert forsbk. Den elektroforetisk fraksjonerte opplbsning av anti-S-proteinfaktor pluss forurensninger oppsamles fra elektroforeseapparaturen i 32 fraksjorier som hver har et volum, på ca. 15. ml. Hver av disse fraksjoner gjennomgår prove for anti-S-proteinfaktor-aktivitet ved tryptofan-opptaksmetoden. Fraksjonene med storst aktivitet holdes tilbake og slås sammen. Dette er ofte åttende til tolvte fraksjon som tas fra apparatet. The group of fractions with hby anti-S protein factor activity is flash evaporated on a rotary evaporator to approx. 5-10 ml volume. The concentrate undergoes blanket electrophoresis with apparatus Beckman Spinco model CP. 20 liters of electrolyte solution is made from 22.4 ml of 0.5M aqueous KH2PO^ solution with 259.2 ml of 0.5M aqueous solution of Na2HP0^ and diluting the mixture to 20 1 with distilled water and setting the pH of the mixture to 8 .0 with phosphoric acid or sodium hydroxide as required. 50 milliamps 950 volts direct current is used. Only approx. 5 1 electrolyte solution is used for each sample. The electrophoretically fractionated solution of anti-S protein factor plus contaminants is collected from the electrophoresis apparatus in 32 fractions, each of which has a volume of approx. 15 ml. Each of these fractions is tested for anti-S protein factor activity by the tryptophan uptake method. The factions with the greatest activity are held back and merged. This is often the eighth to twelfth fraction taken from the device.
Den fraksjonsgruppe som har de mest aktive fraksjoner flashavdampes i en rotasjonsfordamper til et volum på ca. The fraction group that has the most active fractions is flash evaporated in a rotary evaporator to a volume of approx.
1 - 5 ml. Den konsentrerte opplbsning som nå inneholder så 1 - 5 ml. The concentrated information that now contains so
lite som ca. 5 mg polypeptidmateriale separeres i kolonner av molekylsikter fremstilt slik: as little as approx. 5 mg of polypeptide material is separated in columns of molecular sieves prepared as follows:
MolekylsiktkolonnerMolecular sieve columns
2 glasskolonner anordnes i serie hvor hver kolonne er 200 cm hby og 0,81 cm i innerdiameter. Begge kolonner fylles med "Sephadex G-15 fine" som er et molekylsiktmateri-ale levert av Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Piscataway, New Jersey, 2 glass columns are arranged in series where each column is 200 cm high and 0.81 cm in inner diameter. Both columns are filled with "Sephadex G-15 fine" which is a molecular sieve material supplied by Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Piscataway, New Jersey,
U.S.A. Fyllmaterialet er partikkelformet dekstran med par-tikkelstbrrelsesområde 40 - 120 mikron. U.S.A. The filler material is particulate dextran with a particle size melting range of 40 - 120 microns.
Oppløsningen som inneholder anti-S-proteinfaktor fores gjennom de to "Sefadex"-kolonner med 0,02M eddiksyre som elueringsmiddel. Eluatet oppsamles i 2 ml fraksjoner som nummereres fra 1 - 120 ialt. Disse fraksjonene gjennomgår alle tryptofan-opptaksmetoden for å finne anti-S -proteinfaktor-aktivitet og undersbkes for totalt polypeptidinnhold ved UV-absorbsjon i bølgelengde 220 nanometer. Tilstrekkelig av de The solution containing anti-S protein factor is passed through the two "Sefadex" columns with 0.02M acetic acid as eluent. The eluate is collected in 2 ml fractions which are numbered from 1 - 120 in total. These fractions all undergo the tryptophan absorption method to find anti-S protein factor activity and are examined for total polypeptide content by UV absorption at a wavelength of 220 nanometers. Enough of them
mest aktive fraksjoner (med hensyn på aktivitet av anti-S-proteinfaktor) slås sammen og gir et samlet polypeptidinnhold i området ca. 60 mikrogram til 1,5 milligram. Oppløsningen flashinndampes på rotasjoninndamper for reduksjon av volumet til 1 - 3 ml. most active fractions (with regard to activity of anti-S protein factor) are combined and give a total polypeptide content in the range of approx. 60 micrograms to 1.5 milligrams. The solution is flash evaporated on a rotary evaporator to reduce the volume to 1 - 3 ml.
Den konsentrerte opplbsning av anti-S-proteinfaktor pluss forurensninger renses ved ioneveksler-kromatografi på folgende kolonne: The concentrated solution of anti-S protein factor plus impurities is purified by ion exchange chromatography on the following column:
Sulfonert harpikskolonne nr. 2Sulfonated Resin Column No. 2
Glasskolonnen er 200 cm hby har innerdiameter 0,81 cm. Fyllmaterialet er "Aminex 50-WX2" som er en kationeveksler-harpiks beskrevet tidligere. Fyllmaterialet fylles på kolonnen og innstilles i likevekt med 0,2N natriumcitratbuffer (pH 3,0) og systemet oppvarmes til 35°C. The glass column is 200 cm high and has an inner diameter of 0.81 cm. The filler material is "Aminex 50-WX2" which is a cation exchange resin described earlier. The filling material is filled onto the column and brought into equilibrium with 0.2N sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.0) and the system is heated to 35°C.
Oppløsningen som skal kromatograferes fylles på kolonnen som elueres med et 2-kolbers elueringssystem hvor kolbe A inneholder 1 liter 0,2N natriumcitratbufferopplbsning (pH 3,0) og kolbe B inneholder 250 ml bufferopplbsning prepa-rert slik: 14,6 g sitronsyre, 20,6 g natriumacetat, 3,1 ml iseddik og 800 ml destillert vann opploses, opplbsningens pH innstilles på 4,0 ved å tilsette konsentrert saltsyre og opplbsningens volum innstilles på 1 liter ved tilsetning av destillert vann. The solution to be chromatographed is filled onto the column which is eluted with a 2-flask elution system where flask A contains 1 liter of 0.2N sodium citrate buffer solution (pH 3.0) and flask B contains 250 ml buffer solution prepared as follows: 14.6 g citric acid, 20 .6 g of sodium acetate, 3.1 ml of glacial acetic acid and 800 ml of distilled water are dissolved, the pH of the solution is set to 4.0 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid and the volume of the solution is set to 1 liter by adding distilled water.
Eluatet fra kolonnen oppsamles i 5 ml fraksjoner iThe eluate from the column is collected in 5 ml fractions i
en hastighet på ca. 4-5 fraksjoner pr. time. Omkring 130 - 150 slike fraksjoner oppsamles ialt. Hver fraksjon proves for anti-S-protéinfaktorens aktivitet ved tryptofanopptaks-metoden. Den eller de fraksjoner som har hbyeste aktivitet utgjor opplbsninger av relativt ren anti-S-proteinfaktor, dvs. •materiale som er fritt for de fleste andre peptider, celle-rester etc. som var forbundet med faktoren når den ble ekstrahert fra kveghypotalamus i tris-citratbufferen. De fraksjoner som har hbyeste konsentrasjon av anti-S-proteinfaktor finnes ofte i fraksjonsnummere 80 - 86. Aminoanalyse av disse fraksjoner viser, at faktoren er et polypeptid som inneholder en kombinasjon av noen av folgende aminosyrer: glytaminsyre, treonin, valin, leucin, fenylalanin, tyrosin,asparaginsyre, serin og glycin. Statistisk bedbmmelse av tallene fra amino-syreanalysen sammenholdt med enzymstudier tyder på at anti-S-proteinfaktoren inneholder tripeptidet L-treonyl-L-valyl-L-leucin. a speed of approx. 4-5 fractions per hour. Around 130 - 150 such fractions are collected in total. Each fraction is tested for anti-S protein factor activity by the tryptophan uptake method. The fraction(s) that have the highest activity form solutions of relatively pure anti-S protein factor, i.e. material that is free of most other peptides, cell debris, etc. that were associated with the factor when it was extracted from bovine hypothalamus in tris - the citrate buffer. The fractions with the highest concentration of anti-S protein factor are often found in fraction numbers 80 - 86. Amino analysis of these fractions shows that the factor is a polypeptide that contains a combination of some of the following amino acids: glutamic acid, threonine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine , tyrosine, aspartic acid, serine and glycine. Statistical comparison of the figures from the amino acid analysis combined with enzyme studies suggests that the anti-S protein factor contains the tripeptide L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-leucine.
Metode BMethod B
Alternativt blir hver fraksjonsgruppe fra ovennevnte fraksjonering og tryptofan-opptaksprbve behandlet separat og renset ved omvendt fasefordelingskromatografi. Omvendt fasefordelingskromatografi gjennomfbres i en Waters Associates modell 660 Solvent Programmer og en Waters Associates modell 6000 Solvent Delivery System i forbindelse med en kolonne med lengde 1,8 eller 3 m x9 mm diameter fylt med "Phenyl Porasil B" fra Waters Associates. Kolonnen anbringes i et hus med konstant temperatur, laget av isoporblokker som omgir et bad med konstant temperatur av typen "Haake FE". Provene fylles på ko- ' lonnen gjénnom én Waters Associates modell" U6K Universal In-jector"(l mikroliter til 10 ml) og eluatet fra kolonnen oppsamles i en "Fraktion Collector 1205" fra Scientific Manufac-turlng Industries. Eluatet fra kolonnen folges med et ultra-fiolett spektrofotometer Beckman modell 25 utstyrt med mikro-celleenhet "LC-25" fra Waters Associates og differensial-refrak-trometer "R-401 fra Waters Associates. Alternatively, each group of fractions from the above fractionation and tryptophan uptake sample is processed separately and purified by reverse phase partition chromatography. Reverse phase partition chromatography is carried out in a Waters Associates model 660 Solvent Programmer and a Waters Associates model 6000 Solvent Delivery System in connection with a column of length 1.8 or 3 m x 9 mm diameter filled with "Phenyl Porasil B" from Waters Associates. The column is placed in a constant temperature housing made of Styrofoam blocks surrounding a constant temperature bath of the "Haake FE" type. The samples are loaded onto the column through a Waters Associates model "U6K Universal Injector" (1 microliter to 10 ml) and the eluate from the column is collected in a "Fraction Collector 1205" from Scientific Manufacturing Industries. The eluate from the column is monitored with a Beckman model 25 ultra-violet spectrophotometer equipped with a Waters Associates "LC-25" micro-cell unit and a Waters Associates "R-401" differential refractometer.
For hver fraksjonsgruppe fra den sulfonerte harpikskolonne torres fraksjonen og opploses i 5 - 10 ml opplbsningsmiddel og innsprbytes på kolonnen. Elueringen folges med hensyn på brytningsindeks og absorbsjon ved 225 nanometer. Etter-hvert som aktivitetstopper elueres, stanses strbmmen fra kolonnen og prbven gjennomsbkes' for UV-absorbsjon fra 350 - 210 nanometer. Fraksjoner på hver 5 ml oppsamles og homogene topper slås sammen. Fraksjonen eller flere fraksjoner inndampes til tbrrhet og gjennomgår aminosyreanalyse for å finne trypto-pan-opptak og de topper som har inhiberingsvirkning. For each fraction group from the sulphonated resin column, the fraction is dried and dissolved in 5 - 10 ml of solvent and injected onto the column. The elution is followed with regard to refractive index and absorption at 225 nanometers. As activity peaks elute, the flow from the column is stopped and the sample is examined for UV absorption from 350 - 210 nanometers. Fractions of 5 ml each are collected and homogeneous peaks are pooled. The fraction or several fractions are evaporated to dryness and undergo amino acid analysis to find trypto-pan uptake and the peaks that have an inhibitory effect.
Fraksjoner som inneholder L-treonyl-L-valyl-L-leucin kan N-acyleres og/eller forestres som beskrevet i eksempel 10, 15 eller 16. Fractions containing L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-leucine can be N-acylated and/or esterified as described in examples 10, 15 or 16.
Som angitt ovenfor har forskning angående schizofreni fort til isolasjon av a-5-globulin (alfa-helix-S-protein) fra plasma hos schizofrenipasienter, og som har andre aktiviteter enn lignende a-2-globulin (tilfeldig orientert S-protein) fra plasma hos normale personer. Se Frohman et al. Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry nevnt tidligere. Alfa-helix-S-protein isolert fra schizofrenipasienter gir observerbare psykologiske reaksjoner når de f.eks. gis rotter. Caldwell og medarbeidere i ovennevnte Biological Psychiatry angir at administrasjon av alfa-helix-S-protein til rotter reduseres selvstimulering for gledereaksjoner hos rotter. Ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten opp-rettet av Caldwell og medarbeidere har man undersbkt forskjellige peptider i henhold til oppfinnelsen for å finne deres evne til å reversere eller undertrykke virkningen av alfa-helix-S- protein. På denne måten illustreres aktiviteten av bestand-deler i henhold til oppfinnelsen for dempning av schizofreni-symptomer hos mennesker. Man har også funnet.at peptider som motvirker aktiviteten hos alfa-helix-S-protein viser inhibering overfor tryptofan-opptak og, som nevnt i eksempel 17, kan tryptofan-opptaks-analyse brukes som hjelp ved isolering av peptidfraksjoner som er aktive mot alfa-helix-S-protein. As indicated above, research regarding schizophrenia has led to the isolation of α-5-globulin (alpha-helix S-protein) from the plasma of schizophrenia patients, and which has different activities than similar α-2-globulin (randomly oriented S-protein) from plasma in normal subjects. See Frohman et al. Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry mentioned earlier. Alpha-helix-S protein isolated from schizophrenia patients produces observable psychological reactions when they e.g. given to rats. Caldwell and co-workers in the above-mentioned Biological Psychiatry state that administration of alpha-helix-S protein to rats reduces self-stimulation for pleasure responses in rats. Using the method established by Caldwell and co-workers, different peptides according to the invention have been examined to find their ability to reverse or suppress the action of alpha-helix-S protein. In this way, the activity of constituent parts according to the invention for the attenuation of schizophrenia symptoms in humans is illustrated. It has also been found that peptides that counteract the activity of alpha-helix-S protein show inhibition against tryptophan uptake and, as mentioned in example 17, tryptophan uptake analysis can be used as an aid in isolating peptide fractions that are active against alpha -helix-S protein.
Eksempel 18Example 18
Fremgangsmåten for intrakraniell selvstimulering hos rotter beskrives på side 237 - 239 i Caldwell og medarbeidere: Biological Psychiatry, referert tidligere (som man herved viser til i sin helhet), og denne fremgangsmåten gjentas bortsett fra nedenstående forhold. Rottene har stimuleringselektroder plan-tert i midtre forhjernebunt og gjennomgår forsbk for å finne antall ganger man kan vente at stangen presses ned av et dyr innenfor et gitt tidsrom. Alfa-helix-S-protein administreres intercisternalt og man kan da iaktta at antall ganger stangen presses ned faller til ca. 77% av det opprinnelige antall. Forskjellige polypeptider gis intramuskulært til rotte i en mengde på 0,2 mg/kg kroppsvekt for å finne om polypeptidene motvirker effekten av alfa-helix-S-protein. Tryptofan-opptak gjennom-føres også for de aktuelle polypeptider. Inhiberingen av tryp-tof anopptaket bestemmes etter 10 minutter. Resultatene av for-sbkene fremgår av tabellen: The procedure for intracranial self-stimulation in rats is described on pages 237 - 239 of Caldwell et al.: Biological Psychiatry, referred to earlier (to which reference is hereby made in its entirety), and this procedure is repeated except for the conditions below. The rats have stimulation electrodes planted in the middle forebrain bundle and undergo tests to find the number of times one can wait for the rod to be pressed down by an animal within a given period of time. Alpha-helix-S-protein is administered intercisternally and one can then observe that the number of times the rod is pressed down falls to approx. 77% of the original number. Various polypeptides are given intramuscularly to rats in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg body weight to determine whether the polypeptides counteract the effect of alpha-helix-S protein. Tryptophan uptake is also carried out for the relevant polypeptides. The inhibition of tryptophan uptake is determined after 10 minutes. The results of the trials appear in the table:
De folgende polypeptider gjennomgår forsbk for å finne inhibering av tryptofanopptaket. Inhiberingen av tryptofan-opptaket bestemmes etter 10 minutter. The following polypeptides undergo trials to find inhibition of tryptophan uptake. The inhibition of tryptophan uptake is determined after 10 minutes.
De folgende polypeptider proves for inhibering av tryptofanopptaket etter 10, 15 og 30 minutter. The following polypeptides are tested for inhibition of tryptophan uptake after 10, 15 and 30 minutes.
De nevnta data illustrerer bruk av aminosyregrupper The aforementioned data illustrate the use of amino acid groups
med D-konfigurasjon for inhibering av tryptofan-opptak. Som vist for D-alanyl-L-treonyl-L-valyl-L-leucin, kan inhibering av tryptofan-opptaket bli redusert etter en viss inhiberings- with D configuration for inhibition of tryptophan uptake. As shown for D-alanyl-L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-leucine, inhibition of tryptophan uptake can be reduced after some inhibition-
tid. Når imidlertid det essensielle polypeptid med T-V-L-sekvensen hadde en lucin-rest med D-konfigurasjon, viste peptidet bket aktivetstid. time. However, when the essential polypeptide with the T-V-L sequence had a D-configuration lucine residue, the peptide showed a shortened activity time.
De folgende polypeptider gjennomgår forsbk for sam-menligningsformål. Inhiberingen av tryptofon-opptaket be- The following polypeptides are tested for comparison purposes. The inhibition of tryptophan uptake be-
stemmes etter 10 minutter.vote after 10 minutes.
Som det fremgår av de ovenstående tall etter prov- As can be seen from the above figures after pro-
ing av L-treonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-D-alanin, vil nærvær av substituenter som er relativt vanskelige å hydrolysere fra karboksylsyrefunksjonen på aminosyren på (L)-resten i den essensielle T-V-L-sekvens gjore at peptidet ikke får vesent- ing of L-threonyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-D-alanine, the presence of substituents that are relatively difficult to hydrolyse from the carboxylic acid function of the amino acid on the (L) residue in the essential T-V-L sequence will prevent the peptide from -
lig aktivitet på tryptofan-opptaket.equal activity on tryptophan uptake.
På vesentlig samme måte som beskrevet ovenfor prover man N-acetyl-tyrosyltreonylvalylleucin, propyltreonylvalyl-leucylprolylglycin for å finne disse forbindelseres virkning på rotter som er gitt alfa-helix-S-protein. Man finner at begge disse polypeptidholdige forbindelser gjenoppretter stang-nedpressende aktivitet hos rotter. Andre polypeptider som demper eller undertrykker symptomer av schizofreni er treonyl-valylleucylarginin. In essentially the same way as described above, N-acetyl-tyrosylthreonylvalylleucine, propylthreonylvalyl-leucylprolylglycine are tested to determine the effect of these compounds on rats that have been given alpha-helix-S protein. Both of these polypeptide-containing compounds are found to restore rod depressor activity in rats. Other polypeptides that attenuate or suppress symptoms of schizophrenia are threonyl-valylleucylarginine.
Claims (14)
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US66952676A | 1976-03-23 | 1976-03-23 | |
US05/772,851 US4146614A (en) | 1976-03-23 | 1977-02-28 | Threonyl-valyline leucine containing peptides and pharmaceutical compositions |
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NO771031L true NO771031L (en) | 1977-09-26 |
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JP (1) | JPS52142015A (en) |
AU (1) | AU510679B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1103239A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2712781A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK125177A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2351954A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1561247A (en) |
GR (1) | GR63642B (en) |
LU (1) | LU76998A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7703124A (en) |
NO (1) | NO771031L (en) |
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AU583578B2 (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1989-05-04 | Australian Commercial Research & Development Limited | Amino acid and peptide inhibitors of human leucocytic elastase |
JPH03236315A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-10-22 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Antipsychotic agent |
-
1977
- 1977-03-11 CA CA273,825A patent/CA1103239A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-11 AU AU23174/77A patent/AU510679B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-15 SE SE7702925A patent/SE7702925L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-16 NZ NZ183627A patent/NZ183627A/en unknown
- 1977-03-22 GB GB12086/77A patent/GB1561247A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-22 DK DK125177A patent/DK125177A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-22 FR FR7708538A patent/FR2351954A1/en active Granted
- 1977-03-22 GR GR53066A patent/GR63642B/en unknown
- 1977-03-23 NL NL7703124A patent/NL7703124A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-23 DE DE19772712781 patent/DE2712781A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-23 NO NO771031A patent/NO771031L/en unknown
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JPS52142015A (en) | 1977-11-26 |
FR2351954B1 (en) | 1980-03-28 |
DE2712781A1 (en) | 1977-10-06 |
GR63642B (en) | 1979-11-27 |
FR2351954A1 (en) | 1977-12-16 |
LU76998A1 (en) | 1977-10-03 |
SE7702925L (en) | 1977-09-24 |
AU2317477A (en) | 1978-09-14 |
NZ183627A (en) | 1980-02-21 |
DK125177A (en) | 1977-09-24 |
CA1103239A (en) | 1981-06-16 |
NL7703124A (en) | 1977-09-27 |
GB1561247A (en) | 1980-02-13 |
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