NO763426L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO763426L NO763426L NO763426A NO763426A NO763426L NO 763426 L NO763426 L NO 763426L NO 763426 A NO763426 A NO 763426A NO 763426 A NO763426 A NO 763426A NO 763426 L NO763426 L NO 763426L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- alkali
- washing
- approx
- silicate
- bath
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 9
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000005701 Calcium-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010045403 Calcium-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 unsaturated aliphatic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DNEHKUCSURWDGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Al] DNEHKUCSURWDGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIFHMKCDDVTICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(chloromethyl)phenanthridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=NC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 LIFHMKCDDVTICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUBJEHHGZYTRPH-KTKRTIGZSA-N [(z)-octadec-9-enyl] hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O ZUBJEHHGZYTRPH-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N medronic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)CP(O)(O)=O MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCS([O-])(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical class O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCS([O-])(=O)=O IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCC([O-])=O HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsens gjenstand er en fremgangsmåte til vasking av tekstiler med et vandig vaskemiddelholdig bad, som som vaskemiddel i det vesentlige inneholder et organisk anionisk, ikke-ionisk, amfolytisk eller zwitterionisk tensid, The object of the invention is a method for washing textiles with an aqueous detergent-containing bath, which as detergent essentially contains an organic anionic, non-ionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactant,
et teknisk alkalitripolyfosfat som vannoppløselig strukturstoff, et finfordelt alkalialuminiumsilikat som vaskeuoppløse-lig strukturstoff samt eventuelt ytterligere vaskemiddel-hjelpetilsetninger. a technical alkali tripolyphosphate as a water-soluble structuring agent, a finely divided alkali aluminum silicate as a washing-insoluble structuring agent and possibly further detergent auxiliary additives.
Det er kjent at vaske- og rensekraften av såperIt is known that the washing and cleaning power of soaps
og syntetiske tensider kan økes ved tilsetning av bestemte stoffer. Slike stoffer betegnes som strukturstoffer eller builder. and synthetic surfactants can be increased by adding certain substances. Such substances are referred to as structural substances or builders.
Mekanismer og detaljer vedrørende virkning av strukturstoffer er ennu ikke helt avklaret, således at en prinsippiell forutsigelse om hvilke forbindelsestyper hertil kunne være egnet ikke er mulige. Mechanisms and details regarding the effect of structural substances have not yet been fully clarified, so that a principled prediction about which types of compounds might be suitable for this is not possible.
På grunn av uttallet av enkeltvirkninger, som tilsammen bidrar til forsterkning av vaskekraften av tensider, er det ved hjelp av i dag foreliggende erkjennelser å stille følgende krav til et strukturstoff. Strukturstoffet må være egnet Due to the number of individual effects, which together contribute to the strengthening of the washing power of surfactants, it is with the help of today's knowledge to set the following requirements for a structural material. The structural fabric must be suitable
1. til å danne vannoppløselige komplekser med herdedannere av vannet som kalsium- og magnesiumioner, 2. dispergere pigmentsmusspartikler som hovedbestanddel av vaskesmussen i vaskebadet, 3. å stabilisere utløst smuss i vaskebadet for å unngå en fornyet opptrekning av smusspartikler på fibrene, 4. å inaktivere i vaskebadet tilstedeværende mineralbestand-deler og 1. to form water-soluble complexes with water hardeners such as calcium and magnesium ions, 2. to disperse pigment dirt particles as the main component of the laundry dirt in the wash bath, 3. to stabilize released dirt in the wash bath to avoid a renewed attraction of dirt particles to the fibers, 4. to inactivate the mineral components present in the wash bath and
5. nedsette tensidadsorpsjonen på fibrene.5. reduce surfactant absorption on the fibres.
Por å få.opplysninger om ytelsesevnen og egen-skapene av enkelte produkter som strukturstoffer, bestemmer man hensiktsmessig deres forholdsmåte og deres virkningsgrad ved vaske- og renseprosessen. Derved sikres at alle i struk-turvirkning deltagende faktorer, finner kvalitativ og kvantita-tive hensyn. In order to obtain information about the performance and properties of certain products such as structural materials, their ratio and efficiency in the washing and cleaning process is appropriately determined. This ensures that all factors participating in the structural effect find qualitative and quantitative consideration.
Kjente strukturdannere er de vannoppløselige alkalisalter av mineralsyrer, som alkalikarbonater, -borater, Known structure formers are the water-soluble alkali salts of mineral acids, such as alkali carbonates, borates,
-fosfater, -polyfosfater, -bikarbonater og -silikater.-phosphates, -polyphosphates, -bicarbonates and -silicates.
En foretrukket stilling blant de nevnte strukturstoffer inntar alkalipolyfosfåtene, da fra sistnevnte oppfylles alle overnevnte betingelser, idet de med hensyn til vaskevirk-ning i kombinasjon med grenseflateaktive stoffer gir synergis-tiske effekter. Følgelig danner de i dag de vesentlige strukturstoffer i alle fin-, grov- og farvevaskemidler. Hertil anvendes fremfor alt pentanatriumtrifosfat. Innholdet av vaskemiddel av dette strukturstoff ligger i området på 25 - 65% og ved rensemidler utgjør innholdet delvis inntil 90 vekt%. Alkali polyphosphates occupy a preferred position among the structural substances mentioned, as from the latter all the above-mentioned conditions are met, as they provide synergistic effects with regard to washing action in combination with surface-active substances. Consequently, today they form the essential structural substances in all fine, coarse and color detergents. Above all, pentasodium triphosphate is used for this purpose. The detergent content of this structural fabric is in the range of 25 - 65% and in the case of cleaning agents the content is partly up to 90% by weight.
På grunn av den betraktelige forbrukerøkning av fosfatholdige vaske- og rensemidler, såvel i husholdningen som også i industrien, har det naturlige vanns innhold av disse fosfater øket. Ved diskusjonen over årsaken til den økede vanneutrofering ble i den senere tid de vannoppløselige nitrat-og fosfatsalter tildelt den egenskap å befordre veksten av bestemte algetyper under bestemte betingelser og således på denne måte å bidra til vannenes eutrofering, idet vannenes oksygen-likevekt forstyrres. Enskjønt det ikke i dag er mulig med en entydig forklaring av mengden av fosfatholdig vaske- Due to the considerable increase in the consumption of phosphate-containing detergents and cleaning agents, both in the household and in industry, the natural water's content of these phosphates has increased. In the discussion of the cause of the increased water neutrofication, in recent times the water-soluble nitrate and phosphate salts were assigned the property of promoting the growth of certain types of algae under certain conditions and thus in this way contributing to the eutrophication of the water, as the water's oxygen balance is disturbed. Although it is not currently possible to provide an unequivocal explanation of the amount of phosphate-containing detergent
og rensemiddel av vanneutroferingen synes det imidlertid å være ønskelig å tilstrebe potensielle nitrogen- og fosfatfrie erstatningsstoffer for de hittil i vaskemiddelformuleringen anvendte strukturstoffer eller ved kombinasjon av alkalipoly-fosfater med egnede andre vaskemiddelkomponenter å oppnå en redusering av det samlede fosforinnhold og vaskemiddelformuleringen. and cleaning agent of the water neutralization, it seems desirable, however, to strive for potential nitrogen- and phosphate-free substitutes for the structural substances used up to now in the detergent formulation or, by combining alkali polyphosphates with suitable other detergent components, to achieve a reduction of the total phosphorus content and the detergent formulation.
Det er derfor allerede foreslått forskjellige organiske forbindelser,,som struktursto-fer, som f.eks. nitrilotrieddiksyre, etylendiamintetraeddiksyre, sitronsyre, oksydi-eddiksyre, oksydiravsyre, cyklokarboksylsyrer eller polymere karboksylsyrer, som polymaleinsyre eller polyakrylsyre samt deres blandingspolymerisater med umettede karboksylsyrer, olefiner eller kortkjedede umettede alifatiske etere resp. Various organic compounds have therefore already been proposed as structural substances, such as e.g. nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, oxydiacetic acid, oxydiacetic acid, cyclocarboxylic acids or polymeric carboxylic acids, such as polymaleic acid or polyacrylic acid and their mixed polymers with unsaturated carboxylic acids, olefins or short-chain unsaturated aliphatic ethers or
alkoholer.alcohols.
De overnevnte stoffer har vist seg som kultur-stoffer som ikke er tilfredsstillende i enhver henseende, The above-mentioned substances have proven to be culture substances which are not satisfactory in every respect,
da de enten viser en sterk kompleksdannelse med tungmetaller og overgangsmetaller3hvorved på veien av direkte sekvester-ing- eller etterfølgende remobilisering av elvesedimentet tungmetaller kan anrikes i overflatevannet og derved komme inn i drikkevannet, eller idet de ikke i tilstrekkelig grad har de innledningsvis nevnte strukturstoffegenskaper og der- as they either show a strong complex formation with heavy metals and transition metals3 whereby, on the path of direct sequestration or subsequent remobilization of the river sediment, heavy metals can be enriched in the surface water and thereby enter the drinking water, or as they do not sufficiently have the structural material properties mentioned at the outset and where -
ved ikke gir noen tilfredsstillende vaskeresultater eller idet de ikke er tilstrekkelig biologisk nedbrytbare. by not giving satisfactory washing results or as they are not sufficiently biodegradable.
I den senere tid ble det erkjent at også de vannuoppløselige alkali-aluminiumsilikater på grunn av deres ioneutvekslerevne er egnet til i vaskemiddelformuleringer å erstatte en del av natriumtripolyfosfatet og således å redu-sere vaskemidlets samlede fosfatinnhold. Slike vannuoppløse-lige strukturstoffer kan, etter avsluttet vaskeprosess, uten vanskelighet adskilles fra vaskebadet. Men også ved gjen-blivning i avvannet fra vaskebadet forårsaker de i motsetning til de kjente organiske strukturstoffer ingen biologisk belast-ning av overflatevannet. In recent times, it has been recognized that the water-insoluble alkali aluminum silicates, due to their ion exchange capacity, are also suitable for replacing part of the sodium tripolyphosphate in detergent formulations and thus reducing the detergent's total phosphate content. Such water-insoluble structural substances can, after the washing process is completed, be separated from the washing bath without difficulty. But also when remaining in the waste water from the washing bath, unlike the known organic structural substances, they cause no biological pollution of the surface water.
En fremgangsmåte til vasking av eksempelvis tekstiler i nærvær av vannuoppløselige alkalialuminiumsilikater ved siden av vandige vaskemiddelbestanddeler omtales i DOS 2.412.837. Mengden av meta- og polyfosfater er i disse vaske-middelf ormuleringer begrenset således at det maksimale fosfatinnhold i vaskebadet utgjør 0,6 g fosfor pr. liter vaskebad. Etter utførelseseksemplene foreslås på 100 vektdeler vaskemiddel 2,5 - 29,2 vektdeler pentanatriumtrifosfat og 45 - 11,3 vektdeler natriumaluminiumsilikat med en kalsiumbindeevne på 150 mg CaO/g silikat. A method for washing, for example, textiles in the presence of water-insoluble alkali aluminum silicates alongside aqueous detergent ingredients is described in DOS 2,412,837. The amount of meta- and polyphosphates in these detergent formulations is limited so that the maximum phosphate content in the washing bath amounts to 0.6 g of phosphorus per liter wash bath. According to the design examples, 2.5 - 29.2 parts by weight of pentasodium triphosphate and 45 - 11.3 parts by weight of sodium aluminum silicate with a calcium binding capacity of 150 mg CaO/g silicate are suggested for 100 parts by weight of detergent.
De i BOS 2.412.837 omtalte fordeler av de nevnte strukturstoffkombinasjoner av natriumtripolyfosfat og natrium-aluminium- resp. natriumborsilikat i vaskemiddelformuleringen refererer seg bare til den såkalte primærvaskevirkning, som bare er et mål for den oppnådde lysgjøring av kunstig tilsmusset prøvevevnad. I praksis ble det imidlertid fastslått at sekundærvaskevirkningen av de kjente vaskemiddelformuleringer definert ved graden av vevnadsinkrustering er utilfredsstillende.'Sekundærvaskevirkningen har imidlertid ved vurderingen av The advantages mentioned in BOS 2,412,837 of the aforementioned structural material combinations of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium-aluminium- or sodium borosilicate in the detergent formulation refers only to the so-called primary washing effect, which is only a measure of the achieved lightening of artificially soiled sample tissue. In practice, however, it was established that the secondary washing effect of the known detergent formulations defined by the degree of tissue encrustation is unsatisfactory.
en vaskefremgangsmåte samme betydning som primærvaskevirk-ningen. Sterkt inkrustert- vask taper i bruksverdi, da sugeevnen reduseres, slitasjen aksellereres og bærefølelsen er nedsatt på grunn av et hårdt og ruet grep. En ytterligere ulempe ved de kjente vaskemiddelformuleringer fremgår endelig av den ved vaskeprosessen forårsakede inkrustering av varmestavelementene ved de anvendte husholdningsvaskemaskiner. Inkrusterte varmestavelementer øker energiomkostningene ved vaskeprosessen og fører til en for tidlig nedslitning av vaske-maskinene . •Det er nå overraskende funnet at ulempene av vaskemiddelkomposisjonene ifølge DOS 2.412.837 overvinnes når det sørges for at innholdet av alkalimono- resp. alkalidifosfat i vaskebadet - betinget ved fremstillingsfremgangs-måten av alkalitripolyfosfatet resp. av vaskepulveret ikke utgjør mer enn 0,1 g pr. liter vaskebad. Por dette tilfellet er det tilstrekkelig med innhold på ca. 0,5-2 gram av alkalitripolyfosfat og ca. 0,5 - 4 gram alkalialuminiumsilikat pr. liter vaskebad for å oppnå en tilfredsstillende primær-og sekundærvaskevirkning. a washing procedure has the same meaning as the primary washing effect. Heavily encrusted laundry loses its utility value, as the absorbency is reduced, wear is accelerated and the feeling of wear is reduced due to a hard and rough grip. A further disadvantage of the known detergent formulations finally appears from the incrustation of the heating rod elements in the household washing machines used during the washing process. Encrusted heating rod elements increase the energy costs of the washing process and lead to premature wear and tear of the washing machines. •It has now surprisingly been found that the disadvantages of the detergent compositions according to DOS 2,412,837 are overcome when it is ensured that the content of alkali mono- or alkali diphosphate in the washing bath - conditioned by the manufacturing process of the alkali tripolyphosphate or of the washing powder does not amount to more than 0.1 g per liter wash bath. In this case, a content of approx. 0.5-2 grams of alkali tripolyphosphate and approx. 0.5 - 4 grams of alkali aluminum silicate per liter washing bath to achieve a satisfactory primary and secondary washing effect.
Handelsvanlige, tekniske alkalitripolyfosfater, inneholder, fremstillingsbetinget inntil 20 vekt% alkalimono-og alkalidifosfat, alt etter hvilke fremstillingsfremgangsmåte som ble anvendt. Foregår dessuten vaskepulverfremstillingen etter varmforstøvningstørkningsfremgangsmåten, slik dette over-veiende er tilfellet, så øker innholdet av alkalimono- og alkalidifosfat seg på grunn av den under slurryoppberedningen stedfinnende hydrolyse og den under varmforstøvningstørkningen inntredende pyrolyse av tripolyfosfatet i tillegg delvis i betraktelig grad, således at det ferdige vaskepulver kan ha betraktelige mengder av disse fosfater. Alkalimono- og alkali-difosfater danner med kalsium- og magnesiumionene i vaskevannet uoppløselige utfellinger, hvis ikke ved egnede forholdsregler virkningen av disse hårdhetsdannere elimineres. Vanlige vaskepulvere, som kbnfeksjoneres tilsvarende teknikkens stand, på natriumtripolyfosfatbasis gir på tross av mengden av alkalimono- og alkalidifosfat allikevel tilfredsstillende vaskeresultater, da innholdet av handelsvanlig natriumtripolyfosfat i vaskemidlet velges således at det i vaskeprosessen står det etter foretatt kompleksering av kalsium- og magnesiumionene til disposisjon ennu et overskudd av natriumtripolyfosfat, således at det unngås en utfelling av jordalkalimono- og jordalkalidifosfater også ved vasketemperaturer inntil 90°C. Ved anvendelse av vaskemiddelkomposisjonene tilsvarende DOS 2.412.837 med nedsatt alkalitripolyfosfatinnhold kan tydelig-vis utfellingen av inkrusterende virkende salter ikke hindres. Commercial, technical alkali tripolyphosphates contain, subject to production conditions, up to 20% by weight of alkali mono- and alkali diphosphate, depending on which production method was used. In addition, if the washing powder is manufactured according to the hot spray drying method, as this is predominantly the case, then the content of alkali mono- and alkali diphosphate increases due to the hydrolysis taking place during the slurry preparation and the pyrolysis of the tripolyphosphate occurring during the hot spray drying in addition to a considerable extent, so that the finished product washing powder can have considerable amounts of these phosphates. Alkali mono- and alkali diphosphates form insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium ions in the washing water, if the effect of these hardness formers is not eliminated by suitable precautions. Ordinary washing powders, which are prepared in accordance with the state of the art, on a sodium tripolyphosphate basis, despite the amount of alkali mono- and alkali diphosphate, still give satisfactory washing results, as the content of commercial sodium tripolyphosphate in the detergent is chosen so that in the washing process, after complexation, the calcium and magnesium ions are available yet another excess of sodium tripolyphosphate, so that a precipitation of alkaline earth mono- and alkaline earth diphosphates is avoided even at washing temperatures of up to 90°C. When using the detergent compositions corresponding to DOS 2,412,837 with a reduced alkali tripolyphosphate content, the precipitation of encrusting active salts clearly cannot be prevented.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører således en fremgangsmåteThe invention thus relates to a method
til vasking av tekstiler. Ved behandling av tekstilene med et vandig vaskemiddelholdig bad ved en temperatur fra ca. 20 til 95°C, idet vaskemidlet i det vesentlige inneholder et organisk anionisk, ikke-ionisk, amfolytisk eller zwitterionisk tensid, et med alkalimono- resp. alkalidifosfat^forurenset alkalitripolyfosfat som vannoppløselig strukturstoff, et finfordelt alkalialuminiumsilikat med en kalsiumbindeevne på minst 5 g Ca<++>pr. 100 g avvannet silikat som vannuoppløselig strukturstoff samt eventuelt ytterligere vaskehjelpemidler, idet fremgangsmåten erkarakterisert vedat ved et innhold på ca. for washing textiles. When treating the textiles with an aqueous detergent-containing bath at a temperature from approx. 20 to 95°C, the detergent essentially containing an organic anionic, non-ionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactant, one with alkali mono- or alkali diphosphate^contaminated alkali tripolyphosphate as a water-soluble structural material, a finely divided alkali aluminum silicate with a calcium binding capacity of at least 5 g Ca<++>pr. 100 g of dewatered silicate as a water-insoluble structural material and possibly further washing aids, the method being characterized by a content of approx.
0,5 - 2 gram alkalitripolyfosfat og ca. 0,5 - 4 gram alkalialuminiumsilikat i en liter vaskebad, inneholder vaskebadet samtidig ikke mer enn 0,1 g alkalimono- resp. alkalidifosfat, pr. liter. 0.5 - 2 grams of alkali tripolyphosphate and approx. 0.5 - 4 grams of alkali aluminum silicate in a liter of washing bath, the washing bath at the same time contains no more than 0.1 g of alkali mono- or alkali diphosphate, per litres.
Ifølge en foretrukket utførelsesform av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan vaskebadet inneholde organiske detergenter i mengder på ca. 0,3 til ca. 1 g/liter. According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the washing bath can contain organic detergents in amounts of approx. 0.3 to approx. 1 g/litre.
Videre har det vist seg fordelaktig, som vannuopp-løselig strukturstoff å anvende et alkalialuminiumsilikat med en partikkelstørrelse på maksimalt 40.u og en kalsiumbindeevne på ca. 10 til ca. 14 g Ca + + pr. 100 g silikat. Alkalialuminiumsilikatet kan eksempelvis være krystallinsk zeolit, som i den ikke aktiverte form sammensetter seg av 18, 2% Na20, 30, 8% A12<0>^<,>34,1$ Si02og 16,755 H20. Furthermore, it has proven advantageous, as a water-soluble structural material, to use an alkali aluminum silicate with a particle size of a maximum of 40.u and a calcium binding capacity of approx. 10 to approx. 14 g Ca ++ per 100 g silicate. The alkali aluminum silicate can, for example, be crystalline zeolite, which in the non-activated form is composed of 18.2% Na20, 30.8% Al2<0>^<,>34.1$ SiO2 and 16.755 H20.
Endelig inneholder vaskebadet ifølge oppfinnelsen fortrinnsvis vaskehjelpemidler, som natriumsilikat og/eller magnesiumsilikat og/eller karboksymetylcellulose og/eller natriumperborat-teftrahydrat og/eller etylendiamintetraeddiksyre og/ eller natriumsulfat. Finally, the washing bath according to the invention preferably contains washing aids, such as sodium silicate and/or magnesium silicate and/or carboxymethylcellulose and/or sodium perborate-tephrahydrate and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and/or sodium sulphate.
Anvendelsen ifølge oppfinnelsen av tensider omfatter anioniske-, kationiske-, zwitterioniske-, amfolytiske- The use according to the invention of surfactants includes anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, ampholytic
eller ikke-ionogene tensider.or nonionic surfactants.
Med anioniske tensider er det å forstå de vannoppløselige salter av høyere fettsyrer eller harpikssyrer, som natrium- og kaliumsåper av herdede eller uherdede kokos-palmekjerne- eller roeolje samt av talg og tilsvarende bland-inger herav. Videre er det med anionaktive stoffer innen oppfinnelsens ramme å forstå høyere alkylsubstituerte, en-kjernede aromatiske sulfonater som alkylbenzensulfonater med 9 til 14 C-atomer i alkylresten, alkylnaftalinsulfonater, alkyltoluensulfonater, alkylxylensulfonater eller alkylfenol-sulfonater samt sulfaterte alifatiske alkoholer eller alkohol-etere, som natrium- eller aluminiumlauryl- resp. -heksadecyl-sulfat, trietanolaminlaurylsulfat, natrium- eller kaliumoleyl-sulfat samt natrium- eller kaliumsalt av med ca. 2 til 6 mol etylenoksyd etoksylert laurylsulfat. Ytterligere egnede anioniske tensider er sekundære lineære alkansulfonater samt a-olefinsulfonater med en kjedelengde på 12-20 C-atomer. By anionic surfactants is meant the water-soluble salts of higher fatty acids or resin acids, such as sodium and potassium soaps of hardened or unhardened coconut palm kernel or beet oil as well as of tallow and corresponding mixtures thereof. Furthermore, anionic active substances within the scope of the invention are understood to mean higher alkyl substituted, mononuclear aromatic sulphonates such as alkylbenzene sulphonates with 9 to 14 C atoms in the alkyl residue, alkyl naphthalene sulphonates, alkyl toluene sulphonates, alkyl xylene sulphonates or alkylphenol sulphonates as well as sulphated aliphatic alcohols or alcohol ethers, which sodium or aluminum lauryl resp. -hexadecyl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium or potassium oleyl sulfate and sodium or potassium salt of with approx. 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide ethoxylated lauryl sulfate. Further suitable anionic surfactants are secondary linear alkanesulphonates as well as α-olefin sulphonates with a chain length of 12-20 C atoms.
Blant de ikke-ioniske tensider er det innen oppfinnelsens ramme å forstå slike forbindelser som har en organisk hydrofob gruppe samt en hydrofil rest. Eksempler på ikke-ionogene tensider er kondensasjonsproduktene av alkyl-fenoler med etylenoksyd resp. av høyere fettalkoholer med etylenoksyd, videre kondensasjonsproduktene av polypropylenglykol med etylenoksyd eller propylenoksyd åamt kondensasjonsproduktene av etylenoksyd med reaksjonsproduktet av etylendiamin og propylenoksyd. Også langkjedede tertiære aminoksyder hører i gruppen til overnevnte forbindelser. Among the non-ionic surfactants, it is within the scope of the invention to understand such compounds which have an organic hydrophobic group as well as a hydrophilic residue. Examples of non-ionic surfactants are the condensation products of alkyl phenols with ethylene oxide or of higher fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, further the condensation products of polypropylene glycol with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and the condensation products of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of ethylenediamine and propylene oxide. Long-chain tertiary amine oxides also belong to the group of above-mentioned compounds.
Endelig er de i rekken av de ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen som tensidbestanddeler egnede produkter med amfolytisk eller zwitterionisk karakter å nevne følgende forbindelser: Derivater av alifatiske, sekundære og tertiære aminer eller kvaternære ammoniumforbindelser med 8 til 18 C-atomer og en hydrofil gruppe i den alifatiske rest, som f.eks. natrium-3-dodecylaminopropionat, natrium-3-dodecylaminopropan-sulfonat, 3-(N,N-dimetyl-N-heksadecylamino)propan-l-sulfonat eller fettsyreaminoalkyl-N,N-dimetylacetobetain, idet fett-syren inneholder 8 til 18 C-atomer og alkylresten 3 Cfatomer. Finally, in the series of products with an ampholytic or zwitterionic character suitable as surfactant components in the process according to the invention, the following compounds are worth mentioning: Derivatives of aliphatic, secondary and tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium compounds with 8 to 18 C atoms and a hydrophilic group in the aliphatic remainder, such as sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate or fatty acid aminoalkyl-N,N-dimethylacetobetaine, the fatty acid containing 8 to 18 C -atoms and the alkyl residue 3 C atoms.
Vaskehjelpe- og tilsetningsstoffer ifølge oppfinnelsen omfatter produkter som f.eks. alkali- eller ammonium-salter av svovelsyre, kiselsyre, karbonsyre, borsyre, alkylen-, hydroksyalkylen- eller aminoalkylenfosfonsyre samt blekemidler, stabilisatorer for peroksydforbindelsene og vannoppløselige organiske kompleksdannere. Washing aids and additives according to the invention include products such as e.g. alkali or ammonium salts of sulfuric acid, silicic acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, alkylene-, hydroxyalkylene- or aminoalkylenephosphonic acid as well as bleaching agents, stabilizers for the peroxide compounds and water-soluble organic complex formers.
I detalj hører til sistnevnte, forbindelsesgrupper natriumperboratmono- eller -tetrahydrat, alkalisaltene av peroksymono- eller -disvovelsyre, alkalisaltene av perpyrofos-forsyre, vannuoppløselig, utfelt magnesiumsilikat samt alkalisaltene av iminodieddiksyre, nitrilotrieddiksyre, etylendiamintetraeddiksyre, metylendifosfonsyre, hydroksyetandifps-fonsyre og nitrilotrismetylenfosfonsyre. In detail, the latter include sodium perborate mono- or -tetrahydrate compound groups, the alkali salts of peroxymono- or -disulfuric acid, the alkali salts of perpyrophosphoric acid, water-insoluble, precipitated magnesium silicate as well as the alkali salts of iminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, methylenediphosphonic acid, hydroxyetanidipsphonic acid and nitrilotrismethylenephosphonic acid.
Stoffer som øker vaskebadenes smussbæreevne,Substances that increase the dirt carrying capacity of washrooms,
som karboksymetylcellulose, polyvinylalkohol, polyvinylpyrroli-don eller skumregulatorer, som mono- eller dialkylfosforsyre-estere med 16 til 20 C-atomer i alkylresten samt hvittonere, desinfiseringsstoffer og/eller proteolytiske enzymer kan likeledes være ekstra bestanddeler av det ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendte vaske- og rensemiddel. such as carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or foam regulators, such as mono- or dialkyl phosphoric acid esters with 16 to 20 C atoms in the alkyl residue as well as whitening agents, disinfectants and/or proteolytic enzymes can likewise be additional components of the detergent used in the method according to the invention and cleaning agent.
Vaskehjelpe- eller tilsetningsstoffer, som i for-bindelse med de vanlige komponenter av vaskemidlet, bidrar, Washing aids or additives, which, in conjunction with the usual components of the detergent, contribute,
til en forbedring av vaskeeffekten er spesielt magnesiumsilikat, natriumsilikat, natriumperborattetrahydrat, nafriumsul- to improve the washing effect are especially magnesium silicate, sodium silicate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium sulphide
fat eller karboksymetylcellulose.barrels or carboxymethyl cellulose.
Fremstillingen av det for vaskefremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede alkalimono- og alkalidifosfat-fattige vaskepulvere kan eksempelvis foregå således at enten ved omkrystallisering renset eller av termisk fosforsyre etter entrinns-varmforstøvningsfremgangsmåten fremstillet natriumtripolyfosfat med et aktivstoffinnhold av pentanatriumtrifosfat på minst 95% benyttes for prosessen av varmforstøv-ningstørkning til vaskepulverfremstUlingen eller natriumtripolyfosfat av minst 90% benyttes ved vaskemiddelkonfeksjoner-ingen etter tørrblandefremgangsmåten. I sistnevnte tilfelle opptrer ingen tap av natriumtripolyfosfat ved hydrolyse og pyrolyse ved vaskemidlets konfeksjonering. The production of the alkaline mono- and alkali diphosphate-poor washing powders suitable for the washing method according to the invention can, for example, take place such that either purified by recrystallization or sodium tripolyphosphate produced from thermal phosphoric acid after the one-step hot spray method with an active substance content of pentasodium triphosphate of at least 95% is used for the process of hot spray drying for the production of washing powder or sodium tripolyphosphate of at least 90% is used in the preparation of detergents according to the dry mixing method. In the latter case, there is no loss of sodium tripolyphosphate by hydrolysis and pyrolysis during the preparation of the detergent.
Oppfinnelsens gjenstand forklares ved følgende eksempler. The object of the invention is explained by the following examples.
Eksempel 1.Example 1.
For å fastslå innvirkningen av tetranatriumdifosfat på sekundærvaskevirkningen av kombinasjoner av natriumtri-. polyfosfat og natriumaluminiumsilikat ble det gjennomført vaske- forsøk i en husholdningsvaskemaskin av typen Miele 4l6 S med naturlig bruksvann av 18° dH. Som vaskemiddelkomponenter ble det anvendt To determine the effect of tetrasodium diphosphate on the secondary washing performance of combinations of sodium tri-. polyphosphate and sodium aluminum silicate, a washing test was carried out in a domestic washing machine of the type Miele 4l6 S with natural water of 18° dH. As detergent components it was used
a) konstante mengder av en vaskemiddelgrunnblanding samta) constant amounts of a detergent base mixture as well as
b) variable mengder av natriumtripolyfosfat, tetranatriumdifosfat og natriumaluminiumsilikat. b) variable amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate and sodium aluminum silicate.
Vaskemiddelgrunnblandingen hadde følgende sammensetning : The detergent base mixture had the following composition:
7 vekt% dodecylbenzensulfonat,7% by weight dodecylbenzene sulfonate,
3 vekt% talgfettalkoholetoksylat med 11 mol etylenoksyd pr. mol talgfettalkohol, 3% by weight of tallow fat alcohol ethoxylate with 11 mol of ethylene oxide per moles of tallow fatty alcohol,
3 vekt% herdet talgsåpe,3% by weight hardened tallow soap,
4 vekt% magnesiumsilikat,4 wt% magnesium silicate,
3 vekt% natriumsilikat,3 wt% sodium silicate,
1 vekt/J karboksymetylcellulose,1 weight/J carboxymethyl cellulose,
25 vekt% natriumperborat-tetrahydrat,25% by weight sodium perborate tetrahydrate,
0,2 vekt/? etylendiamintetraeddiksyre,0.2 weight/? ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,
8 vekt% vann og8 wt% water and
ad 100 vekt% natriumsulfat.ad 100% by weight sodium sulfate.
Det i vaskeforsøkene anvendte natriumtripolyfosfat ble fremstillet ved omkrystallisasjon av teknisk natrium-tripolyf osf at , hvis renhetsgrad utgjorde 94,2%, tilsvarende angivelsen av O.T. Quimby i J. Phys. Chem. 58 (195<*>0, side 603- Det rensede natriumtripolyfosfat inneholdt dessuten 0,1 vekt% dinatriumhydrogenfosfat og 0,2 vekt% tetranatriumdifosfat. The sodium tripolyphosphate used in the washing experiments was produced by recrystallization of technical sodium tripolyphosphate, whose degree of purity was 94.2%, corresponding to the specification of O.T. Quimby in J. Phys. Chem. 58 (195<*>0, page 603- The purified sodium tripolyphosphate also contained 0.1% by weight of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.2% by weight of tetrasodium diphosphate.
Det i vaskeforsøkene anvendte tetranatriumdifosfat er et handelsprodukt og inneholder dessuten 1 vekt/J dinatrium-hydrogenf osf at samt 0,5 & ekt% natriumtripolyfosfat. The tetrasodium diphosphate used in the washing experiments is a commercial product and also contains 1 weight/J of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.5 % sodium tripolyphosphate.
Som natriumaluminiumsilikat ble det anvendt en findelt krystallinsk zeolit av typen "molekylarsikt A". Ut-vekslingskapasiteten av dette produkt for Ca<++->ioner utgjorde ved 90°C 14 g Ca<++>pr. 100 g stoff. Molekylarsikt A har følgende sammensetning: 18,2 vekt% Na20, 30,8 vekt/? A120^, 34,1 vekt% Si02og 16,7 vekt% H20. Molforholdet utgjør 0,'97 Na20 . A120^. 1,9 Si02. 3,1 H20. Partikkelstørrelsen av molekylarsikt A utgjorde maksimalt 40/,u. A finely divided crystalline zeolite of the "molecular sieve A" type was used as sodium aluminum silicate. The exchange capacity of this product for Ca<++>ions amounted at 90°C to 14 g Ca<++>per. 100 g fabric. Molecular sieve A has the following composition: 18.2 wt% Na2O, 30.8 wt/? Al 2 O 3 , 34.1 wt% SiO 2 and 16.7 wt% H 2 O. The molar ratio amounts to 0.97 Na2O. A120^. 1.9 Si02. 3.1 H 2 O. The particle size of molecular sieve A amounted to a maximum of 40 µm.
Doseringen av vaskemiddelgrunnblandingen i vaskebadet utgjorde pr. vaskeforsøk 5 g/liter vaskebad. Mengden av de øvrige vaskemiddelkomponenter varierte, slik det fremgår av følgende tabell. Gjennomføringen av vaskeforsøkene foregikk tilsvarende vaskeprogrammet for kokevask med for- og klarvask-gang. Herved utgjorde den .maksimale temperatur i forvaske-gangen 40<G>C og i klarvaskegangen ca. 85 - 90°C. I tilknytning til klarvaskegangen ble vaskegodset spylt fem ganger og uten mellomtørkning tilført en ny vaskesyklus, da forforsøkene ikke ga noen forskjell i vaskeresultatene, når vaskegodset på for-hånd ble tørket i vasketørker. The dosage of the basic detergent mixture in the washing bath was per washing test 5 g/litre washing bath. The amount of the other detergent components varied, as can be seen from the following table. The washing trials were carried out in accordance with the washing program for boiling wash with a pre- and final wash cycle. Hereby, the maximum temperature in the pre-wash aisle was 40<G>C and in the final wash aisle approx. 85 - 90°C. In connection with the ready wash aisle, the laundry was rinsed five times and without intermediate drying added to a new washing cycle, as the preliminary trials did not give any difference in the washing results, when the laundry was dried beforehand in a clothes dryer.
I tilknytning til den av Schweizerischen Gesell-schaft fur analytische und angewandte Chemie i "Seifen und Waschmittel", Bern, 1955, side 116, foreslåtte arbeidsmåte ble som prøvevevnad og ballast anvendt ikke tilsmusset "Renforcé"-bomullsvevnad fra EidgenSssischen Materialpriifungs-anstalt, St. Gallen, Sveits, i avsydde strimler av 40 x 80 cm. Vevnadsmengden utgjorde 1,2 kg, således at det fremkom et badforhold på 1:12,5. Etter forløp av 50 vaskesykler ble vevnaden forasket ved 900°C og vevnadsinkrusteringen fastslått som prosentuell gløderesidu. Likeledes foregikk etter 50 vaskesykler en vurdering av. varmestavelementene på inkrustering, hvortil disse ble utbygget fra vaskemaskinen. De ved de enkelte forsøksrekker, omfattende hver gang 50 vaskesykler, oppnådde resultater er vist i tabellen. In connection with the working method proposed by the Schweizerischen Gesell-schaft fur analytische und angewandte Chemie in "Seifen und Waschmittel", Bern, 1955, page 116, unsoiled "Renforcé" cotton fabric from the EidgenSssischen Materialpriifungs-anstalt, St Gallen, Switzerland, in unsewn strips of 40 x 80 cm. The amount of tissue amounted to 1.2 kg, so that a bath ratio of 1:12.5 appeared. After 50 washing cycles, the fabric was ashed at 900°C and the fabric incrustation determined as a percentage of glow residue. Likewise, after 50 washing cycles, an assessment of the heating rod elements on inlay, for which these were extended from the washing machine. The results obtained for the individual test series, each time comprising 50 washing cycles, are shown in the table.
I tabellen betyr: In the table means:
Spalte I: Mengde av vaskemiddelgrunnblanding i g/liter Column I: Amount of detergent base mixture in g/litre
vaskebad.laundry room.
Spalte II: Mengde av natriumaluminiumsilikat (molekylarsiktColumn II: Amount of sodium aluminum silicate (molecular sieve
A) i g/liter vaskebad.A) in g/litre washing bath.
Spalte III: Mengde av natriumtripolyfosfat i g/liter vaskebad. Column III: Amount of sodium tripolyphosphate in g/litre washing bath.
Spalte IV: Mengde av tetranatriumdifosfat i g/liter vaskebad . Column IV: Quantity of tetrasodium diphosphate in g/litre washing bath.
Spalte V: Vevnadsinkrustering etter 50 vaskesykler i Spalte VI: Varmestavinkrustering etter 50 vaskesykler i (%). Column V: Fabric encrustation after 50 wash cycles in Column VI: Heating rod encrustation after 50 wash cycles in (%).
■Forsøksrekkene'2-4, 7, 8, 10, 11 og 14 tilsvarer fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, mens de øvrige forsøksrekker tjener til sammenligning. Av tabellen fremgår at de under vaskebetingelsene. ifølge oppfinnelsen gjennomførte vaskeforsøk bevirker en vesentlig mindre inkrustering av vaskegodset samt av vaskemaskinenes varmestavelementer, enn ved sammenlignings-forsøkene. Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er således å ■Test series'2-4, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 14 correspond to the method according to the invention, while the other test series serve for comparison. The table shows that under the washing conditions. washing tests carried out according to the invention cause significantly less incrustation of the laundry and of the washing machine's heating rod elements than in the comparison tests. The method according to the invention is thus to
anse som et teknisk fremskritt overfor fremgangsmåten ifølge DOS 2.412.837. consider a technical advance over the method according to DOS 2,412,837.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2544949A DE2544949B2 (en) | 1975-10-08 | 1975-10-08 | Method of washing textiles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO763426L true NO763426L (en) | 1977-04-13 |
Family
ID=5958566
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO763426A NO763426L (en) | 1975-10-08 | 1976-10-07 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5249377A (en) |
AT (1) | ATA743076A (en) |
BE (1) | BE847023A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1076914A (en) |
CH (1) | CH624442A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2544949B2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK146781C (en) |
FI (1) | FI762847A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2327352A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1518600A (en) |
GR (1) | GR61267B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1069078B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7610965A (en) |
NO (1) | NO763426L (en) |
SE (1) | SE421273B (en) |
TR (1) | TR18979A (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1963898A1 (en) * | 1969-10-13 | 1971-07-15 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Powdery to granular detergent containing perborate and process for its production |
AT330930B (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1976-07-26 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID, SPILLABLE DETERGENTS OR CLEANING AGENTS WITH A CONTENT OF CALCIUM BINDING SUBSTANCES |
-
1975
- 1975-10-08 DE DE2544949A patent/DE2544949B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1976
- 1976-09-28 GB GB40209/76A patent/GB1518600A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-28 SE SE7610735A patent/SE421273B/en unknown
- 1976-10-04 NL NL7610965A patent/NL7610965A/en unknown
- 1976-10-06 FI FI762847A patent/FI762847A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-10-06 IT IT51594/76A patent/IT1069078B/en active
- 1976-10-06 AT AT743076A patent/ATA743076A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-10-07 GR GR51870A patent/GR61267B/en unknown
- 1976-10-07 TR TR18979A patent/TR18979A/en unknown
- 1976-10-07 CA CA262,905A patent/CA1076914A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-07 DK DK451776A patent/DK146781C/en active
- 1976-10-07 BE BE171300A patent/BE847023A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-07 CH CH1272176A patent/CH624442A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-10-07 NO NO763426A patent/NO763426L/no unknown
- 1976-10-08 JP JP51121199A patent/JPS5249377A/en active Pending
- 1976-10-08 FR FR7630357A patent/FR2327352A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK451776A (en) | 1977-04-09 |
DK146781B (en) | 1984-01-02 |
SE421273B (en) | 1981-12-14 |
FI762847A (en) | 1977-04-09 |
NL7610965A (en) | 1977-04-13 |
GR61267B (en) | 1978-10-17 |
JPS5249377A (en) | 1977-04-20 |
CA1076914A (en) | 1980-05-06 |
DE2544949B2 (en) | 1978-05-11 |
DE2544949A1 (en) | 1977-04-14 |
SE7610735L (en) | 1977-04-09 |
IT1069078B (en) | 1985-03-25 |
BE847023A (en) | 1977-04-07 |
FR2327352B1 (en) | 1980-05-23 |
GB1518600A (en) | 1978-07-19 |
ATA743076A (en) | 1979-07-15 |
CH624442A5 (en) | 1981-07-31 |
TR18979A (en) | 1978-02-06 |
FR2327352A1 (en) | 1977-05-06 |
DK146781C (en) | 1984-06-12 |
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