NO762273L - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO762273L NO762273L NO762273A NO762273A NO762273L NO 762273 L NO762273 L NO 762273L NO 762273 A NO762273 A NO 762273A NO 762273 A NO762273 A NO 762273A NO 762273 L NO762273 L NO 762273L
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- container
- electrolysis cell
- water
- interior
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000271039 Agkistrodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000004434 Calcinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F1/46114—Electrodes in particulate form or with conductive and/or non conductive particles between them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4602—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4606—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for producing oligodynamic substances to disinfect the water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46119—Cleaning the electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4611—Fluid flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
- C02F2201/46185—Recycling the cathodic or anodic feed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
- C02F2301/024—Turbulent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en elektrolysecelle for behandling, særlig rensing og sterilisering, av vann, og den ved-rører særlig en flerpolet elektrolysecelle som kan benyttes for de forskjelligste behandlingstyper, særlig for rensing og The invention relates to an electrolysis cell for treatment, in particular purification and sterilisation, of water, and it relates in particular to a multi-pole electrolysis cell which can be used for the most different types of treatment, in particular for purification and
■ sterilisering av vann,•og som i det vesentlige består av en lukket beholder med en nedre vanninnløpsåpning og en øvre vann-utløpsåpning samt minst to elektroder, som kan forbindes med den positive og den negative pol på en likestrømskilde. ■ sterilization of water, •which essentially consists of a closed container with a lower water inlet opening and an upper water outlet opening and at least two electrodes, which can be connected to the positive and negative poles of a direct current source.
Det er allerede kjent de forskjelligste typer elektrolyseceller for behandling, særlig rensing og sterilisering, av vann. Med disse kjente elektrolyseceller er det mulig å fjerne de i vannet oppløste og suspenderte uønskede forurens-ninger ad elektrolytisk vei ved anvendelse av selvforbrukende eller ikke-selvforbrukende elektroder av jern, aluminium, kobber, sølv, platina, karbon og lignende. Under drift av disse elektrolyseceller inntrer imidlertid problemer, som har de forskjelligste årsaker. The most diverse types of electrolysis cells are already known for the treatment, especially purification and sterilization, of water. With these known electrolytic cells, it is possible to remove the unwanted contaminants dissolved and suspended in the water electrolytically by using self-consuming or non-self-consuming electrodes of iron, aluminium, copper, silver, platinum, carbon and the like. During operation of these electrolysis cells, however, problems occur, which have the most diverse causes.
Vanligvis danner det seg under elektrolysen av vann, særlig av hårdt vann, hurtig et kalsiumkarbonatovertrekk på katoden, som forhindrer gjennomgang av den elektriske strøm. Således blir f. eks. anoder av sølv, kobber, jern, aluminium Usually, during the electrolysis of water, especially hard water, a calcium carbonate coating quickly forms on the cathode, which prevents the passage of the electric current. Thus, e.g. anodes of silver, copper, iron, aluminium
og lignende under elektrolysen tildekket med oksydfilmover-trekk. Ved anvendelse av aluminiumanoder forhindrer ået dannede aluminiumoksydovertrekk gjennomgang for den elektriske strøm, mens, ved anvendelse av sølv-, jern- og kobberahoder den dannede oksydfilm leder den elektriske strøm godt, slik at me-tallelektroden ikke på den ønskede måte kan forbrukes og metall-ionene kan avgis til vannet. I dette tilfelle blir det ved elektroden frembragt oksygen. and the like during the electrolysis covered with an oxide film overcoat. When aluminum anodes are used, the resulting aluminum oxide coating prevents the passage of the electric current, while, when silver, iron and copper heads are used, the oxide film formed conducts the electric current well, so that the metal electrode cannot be consumed in the desired way and metal the ions can be released into the water. In this case, oxygen is produced at the electrode.
Et annet problem som opptrer i elektrolytiske vann- rensesystemer består deri at vannet vanligvis bare inneholder et meget lite antall ioner og at ved hjelp av platinaanoder det riktignok kan oppnås en oksydasjon, men at .imidlertid oksyda-sjons-reduksjonspotensialet for vannet forblir meget lavt. Another problem that occurs in electrolytic water purification systems is that the water usually only contains a very small number of ions and that with the help of platinum anodes oxidation can indeed be achieved, but that, however, the oxidation-reduction potential for the water remains very low.
Hvis det f, eks. skal frembringes klor, må klorionekonsentrasjo-neni vannet være meget høy, og den vanligvis i ferskvann, særlig drikkevann, tilstedeværende klorionekonsentrasjon er ikke tilstrekkelig til dette. If it f, e.g. if chlorine is to be produced, the chlorine ion concentration in the water must be very high, and the chlorine ion concentration usually present in fresh water, especially drinking water, is not sufficient for this.
Den vanlige elektrolytiske metode for klorering av vannet i svømmebassenget består deri å benytte en adskilt celle som inneholder en. høy konsentrasjon koksalt, som ved elektrolysen danner natriumhypoklorid eller klor som tilsettes svømme-bassenget. Teoretisk er det mulig at svømmebassengvannet til-. The usual electrolytic method for chlorinating the water in the swimming pool consists of using a separate cell containing a high concentration of sodium chloride, which during electrolysis forms sodium hypochlorite or chlorine which is added to the swimming pool. Theoretically, it is possible that the swimming pool water to-.
.settes-tilstrekkelig koksalt og at dette så direkte elektrolyseres under dannelse av klor. Denne metode har imidlertid den ulempe at et på denne måte behandlet vann smaker saltaktig og at det i -vannet værende kalsium avleirer seg på katodene i en slik grad at den elektriske strøm stoppes. Det er riktignok .sets-sufficient sodium chloride and that this is then directly electrolysed to form chlorine. However, this method has the disadvantage that water treated in this way tastes salty and that the calcium in the water deposits on the cathodes to such an extent that the electric current is stopped. It certainly is
mulig å fjerne kalsiumavleiringene på katodene ved egnet ompol-ing,'men det har imidlertid i praksis vist seg at dette bare fører til en øket korrosjon av katodene og problemet forsterkes; it is possible to remove the calcium deposits on the cathodes by suitable repolarisation, but it has, however, been shown in practice that this only leads to increased corrosion of the cathodes and the problem is intensified;
Hensikten med foreliggende oppfinnelse er derfor å unngå avleiring på elektroden til en elektrolysecelle, hvilken avleiring forhindrer gjennomgangen for den elektriske strøm og forbruket (oppløsningen) av metallelektrodene som er nødvendig for vannrensing. The purpose of the present invention is therefore to avoid deposits on the electrode of an electrolysis cell, which deposits prevent the passage of the electric current and the consumption (dissolution) of the metal electrodes which are necessary for water purification.
Det er videre en hensikt med oppfinnelsen å holde elektrodene til elektrolysecellene under anvendelse av et hvirvelsjikt, henholdsvis et beveget sjikt rent for partikler, som på grunn av sin bevegelse og sitt anslag mot elektrodene stadig mekanisk fjerner de på overflatene til elektodene dannede avleiringer. It is also a purpose of the invention to keep the electrodes of the electrolysis cells using a vortex bed, respectively a moving bed clean of particles, which, due to their movement and impact against the electrodes, constantly mechanically remove the deposits formed on the surfaces of the electrodes.
Det er videre en hensikt med oppfinnelsen å bevirke en konsentrasjon av de i vannet værende ioner ved elektrodialyse i en slik grad at disse ioner kan elektrolyseres under dannelse av virksomme oksydasjonsmidler. It is also a purpose of the invention to effect a concentration of the ions present in the water by electrodialysis to such an extent that these ions can be electrolysed to form effective oxidizing agents.
Videre er det en hensikt med oppfinnelsen å anordne elektrodene slik inne i elektrolysecellen at de blir forbrukt jevnt og radielt (korrodert). Furthermore, it is a purpose of the invention to arrange the electrodes in such a way inside the electrolysis cell that they are consumed evenly and radially (corroded).
Dessuten er det en hensikt med oppfinnelsen å gjennom-føre en elektrodialyse under anvendelse av et elektrodialysediafragma som omgir anoden og som danner en lukket anodeavdeling i hvilken vannet, strømmer med en meget lav strømningshastighet sammenlignet med hovedstrømmen eller i det hele tatt ikke strøm-mer, og i hvilken avdeling de negative ioner konsentréres... Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to carry out an electrodialysis using an electrodialysis diaphragm which surrounds the anode and which forms a closed anode compartment in which the water flows at a very low flow rate compared to the main flow or does not flow at all. and in which department the negative ions are concentrated...
Det'er dessuten en hensikt med oppfinnelsen å benytte den samme elektriske strøm såvel for konsentrasjonen av ionene som også for gjennomføring av den elektrolytiske'oksydasjon av • de konsentrerte ioner. It is also a purpose of the invention to use the same electric current both for the concentration of the ions and also for carrying out the electrolytic oxidation of • the concentrated ions.
De foranstående og ytterligere hensikter oppnås, iføl-ge oppfinnelsen ved anvendelse av en ny og forbedret elektrolysecelle som kan benyttes i vannbehandlingssystemer, særlig -vannrensings-, og steriliseringssystemer, slik de benyttes i de forskjelligste innretninger' i hvilke det er ønsket klart, mykt, sterilt vann, som f. eks. i svømmebassenger, vannverk, klar-ingsanlegg og lignende. The above and further objectives are achieved, according to the invention, by the use of a new and improved electrolysis cell which can be used in water treatment systems, particularly -water purification and sterilization systems, as they are used in the most diverse devices' in which clear, soft, sterile water, such as in swimming pools, water works, clarification facilities and the like.
De foranstående og andre hensikter blir ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnådd ved en elektrolysecelle for behandling, særlig for rensing og sterilisering (desinfeksjon! av vann, som i det vesentlige består av en lukket beholder med en nedre innløpsåp-'ning og en øvre utløpsåpning for vann og minst to elektroder, som kan forbindes med den positive og den negative pol til en likestrømskilde, hvilken celle er kjennetegnet ved at det i det indre av beholderen, dvs. elektrolysecellen, er anordnet, f-ritt bevegelige partikler hvis tetthet er høyere enn den for det vann som skal behandles samt innretninger som holder partiklene innenfor beholderen, dvs. innenfor elektrolysecellen, dvs. forhindrer en unnvikelse av disse fra elektrolysecellen. According to the invention, the above and other purposes are achieved by an electrolysis cell for treatment, in particular for the purification and sterilization (disinfection) of water, which essentially consists of a closed container with a lower inlet opening and an upper outlet opening for water and at least two electrodes, which can be connected to the positive and negative poles of a direct current source, which cell is characterized by the fact that in the interior of the container, i.e. the electrolysis cell, freely moving particles whose density is higher than that of the water to be treated as well as devices that keep the particles inside the container, i.e. inside the electrolysis cell, i.e. prevent them escaping from the electrolysis cell.
Ifølge en foretrukket utførelse vedrører oppfinnelsen en elektrolysecelle som inneholder eller består av en sylindrisk beholder med en nedre innløpsåpning og en øvre utløpsåpning for det vann som gjennomstrømmer.cellen, innenfor cellen radielt anordnede katoder og en i sentrum av cellen anordnet anode som er fullstendig omgitt av et porøst elektrodialysediafragma, som danner en lukket anodeavdeling, som har en liten øvre åpning fra hvilken de dannede gasser og væskene som har passert det porøse diafragma kan unnvike. According to a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to an electrolysis cell which contains or consists of a cylindrical container with a lower inlet opening and an upper outlet opening for the water that flows through the cell, radially arranged cathodes within the cell and an anode arranged in the center of the cell which is completely surrounded by a porous electrodialysis diaphragm, forming a closed anode compartment, having a small upper opening from which the formed gases and the liquids which have passed the porous diaphragm can escape.
I nærheten av innløpet og i nærheten av utløpet er det anordnet gittere hvis virkning består deri at en utgang av de inne i cellen anordnede partikler gjennom cellens innløp eller utløp skal forhindres. Disse partikler blir hvirvlet opp av strømningshastigheten for det vann som strømmer gjennom cellen, slik at de opphvirvlede, henholdsvis■i bevegelse satte partikler danner et hvirvelsjikt eller beveget sjikt, hvorved partiklene omgir katodene og på grunn av sin stadige bevegelse holder elektrodene rene ad mekanisk vei. På grunn av den elektriske■potensialdifferanse mellom elektrodene innstiller det seg et konsentrasjonsfall som bevirker at anionene konsen-trerer seg på grunn av elektrodialysen inne i anodeavdelingen. Hvis f. eks. vann som inneholder 3 ppm klorioner elektrolyseres uten. anvendelse av et elektrodialysediafragma fremkommer intet klor, men det blir dannet oksygen ved anoden. Hvis derimot det Grids are arranged near the inlet and near the outlet, the effect of which is to prevent an exit of the particles arranged inside the cell through the cell's inlet or outlet. These particles are swirled up by the flow rate of the water flowing through the cell, so that the swirled, or set in motion particles form a vortex layer or moving layer, whereby the particles surround the cathodes and, due to their constant movement, keep the electrodes mechanically clean . Due to the electrical potential difference between the electrodes, a drop in concentration sets in which causes the anions to concentrate due to the electrodialysis inside the anode compartment. If e.g. water containing 3 ppm chlorine ions is electrolysed without. using an electrodialysis diaphragm, no chlorine is produced, but oxygen is formed at the anode. If however that
■benyttes et diafragma,'stiger klorionekonsentrasjonen innenfor If a diaphragm is used, the chlorine ion concentration inside rises
anodeavdelingen til en slik verdi ved hvilken dannelsen av fritt klor fremkommer. Hvis det ikke er noen klorioner tilstede, blir andre ioner, som f. eks. karbonationer og .sulfationer, som fore-finnes i vannet ved.hjelp av elektrolysen konsentrert inne i the anode compartment to a value at which the formation of free chlorine occurs. If there are no chlorine ions present, other ions such as carbonate ions and sulfate ions, which are found in the water by means of the electrolysis concentrated inside
anodeavdelingen og oksydert under dannelse av perkarbonat- pg p.ersulfationer, som likeledes utgjør utmerkede oksydasjonsmidler. På samme måte kan også alle andre i vannet værende organiske syrer oksyderes. the anode compartment and oxidized to form percarbonate pg p.ersulfations, which likewise constitute excellent oxidizing agents. In the same way, all other organic acids in the water can also be oxidized.
Ifølge en videre foretrukket utforming vedrører oppfinnelsen en elektrolysecelle som omfatter en eventuelt tran-sparent cylinder med en nedre innløpsåpning og en øvre utløps-åpning, hvorved hver av disse åpninger er utstyrt med gittere. According to a further preferred design, the invention relates to an electrolysis cell which comprises an optionally transparent cylinder with a lower inlet opening and an upper outlet opening, whereby each of these openings is equipped with grids.
I det indre av sylinderen befinner det seg radieit anordnede elektroder hvis lengde i aksiell retning for sylinderen har omtrent \ 2/3 av lengden til sylinderen og i sentrum av denne sylinder er det anordnet en ringformet, konsentrisk, sylindrisk anodeavdeling som er begrenset av et ytre sylindrisk diafragma og et indre konsentrisk, sylindrisk rør og i hvilken anoden befinner seg. Den ringformede anodeavdeling er lukket ved begge ender og har minst en øvre liten åpning gjennom hvilken de innenfor anodeavdelingen dannede produkter kan unnvike. Den aksielle lengde for anoden, anodeavdelingen og det indre rør er omtrent lik lengden til katodene utenfor anodeavdelingen. Innenfor sylinderen (cellens yttervegg! og utenfor anodeavdelingen er det anordnet et tilstrekkelig antall partikler som er større enn åpningene i gitteret. Disse partikler blir ved hjelp av det gjennom cellen strømmende vann satt i bevegelse, henholdsvis hvirvlet opp og stiger oppover.inne i cellen til det omgir katodene (i katodeavdelingen), slik at disse ved anslag og friksjon fra partiklene blir renset mekanisk. Det øvre frie rom i det indre av cellen tjener som berpligelsesrom for partiklene, slik at når strømningshastigheten for vannet er for høy partiklene ikke rives med og fastholdes ved det øvre gitter. Hensikten med det sentrale rør'(den indre begrensning av den ringformede anodeavdeling). består deri å gi de i katodeavdelingen oppoverførte partikler muligheten til gjennom det indr.e rør igjen å synke nedover slik at de gjennomfører en kretsløp-•bevegelse. In the interior of the cylinder there are radially arranged electrodes whose length in the axial direction of the cylinder is approximately \ 2/3 of the length of the cylinder and in the center of this cylinder there is arranged an annular, concentric, cylindrical anode section which is limited by an outer cylindrical diaphragm and an inner concentric, cylindrical tube and in which the anode is located. The annular anode compartment is closed at both ends and has at least one upper small opening through which the products formed within the anode compartment can escape. The axial length of the anode, anode compartment and inner tube is approximately equal to the length of the cathodes outside the anode compartment. Inside the cylinder (the outer wall of the cell) and outside the anode compartment, a sufficient number of particles are arranged which are larger than the openings in the grid. These particles are set in motion by the water flowing through the cell, respectively swirled up and rise up inside the cell to it surrounds the cathodes (in the cathode compartment), so that these are mechanically cleaned by impact and friction from the particles. The upper free space in the interior of the cell serves as a settling space for the particles, so that when the flow rate of the water is too high the particles are not torn away and is retained by the upper grid. The purpose of the central tube (the inner limit of the annular anode compartment) is to give the particles carried upwards in the cathode compartment the opportunity to sink down again through the inner tube so that they complete a circuit •motion.
Derved er det fordelaktig at det nedre gitter under den nedre ende av det sentrale rør er lukket i sitt sentrum, dvs. ikke har åpninger. Thereby, it is advantageous that the lower grid below the lower end of the central tube is closed in its centre, i.e. has no openings.
Videre hensikter, fordeler og foretrukne utførelses-former for oppfinnelsen fremgår av den etterfølgende beskrivelse i hvilken oppfinnelsen forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningene. Tegningene, hvor det for de samme deler er brukt de samme henvisningstall, viser: fig. 1 en foretrukket utførelsesform for elektrolysecellen ifølge oppfinnelsen, Further purposes, advantages and preferred embodiments of the invention appear from the following description in which the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings, where the same reference numbers are used for the same parts, show: fig. 1 a preferred embodiment of the electrolysis cell according to the invention,
fig. 2 en annen foretrukket utførelsesform for., fig. 2 another preferred embodiment of.,
■ .elektrolysecellen ifølge oppfinnelsen, ■ .the electrolysis cell according to the invention,
fig. 3 en ytterligere foretrukket utf ørelsesf orm for" elektrolysecellen ifølge oppfinnelsen, og fig. 3 a further preferred embodiment of the electrolysis cell according to the invention, and
fig. 4 en særlig foretrukket utførelsesform for fig. 4 a particularly preferred embodiment of
elektrolysecellen ifølge oppfinnelsen. the electrolysis cell according to the invention.
Fig. 1 viser en foretrukket utførelsesform for elektrolysecellen i skjematisk fremstilling, som består av en sylindrisk beholder 1 med et nedre innløp 2 og et øvre utløp 3 for det vann som gjennomstrømmer.cellen og radielt anordnede katoder k' samt en i sentrum aksielt anordnet anode 5, som er fullstendig omgitt av et porøst elektrodialysediafragma 6 som danner en lukket anodeavdeling 7 som har en øvre liten åpning 8, gjennom hvilken de frembragte gasser og væsker som har passert det porøse diafragma 6 kan unnvike. I nærheten av det nedre innløp 2 og i nærheten av det øvre utløp 3 er det anordnet gittere 9, henholdsvis 10 hvis virkning består deri å forhindre at de inne i cellen værende partikler 11 unnviker gjennom innlø-pet 2 eller utløpet 3. fra cellen. Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the electrolysis cell in a schematic representation, which consists of a cylindrical container 1 with a lower inlet 2 and an upper outlet 3 for the water that flows through the cell and radially arranged cathodes k' and an axially arranged anode in the center 5, which is completely surrounded by a porous electrodialysis diaphragm 6 which forms a closed anode compartment 7 which has an upper small opening 8, through which the generated gases and liquids which have passed the porous diaphragm 6 can escape. In the vicinity of the lower inlet 2 and in the vicinity of the upper outlet 3, grids 9 and 10 are arranged, respectively, the effect of which is to prevent the particles 11 inside the cell from escaping through the inlet 2 or the outlet 3. from the cell.
Fig. 2 viser en annen foretrukket utførelsesform for elektrolysecellen, som består av en sylinder 1 med et nedre inn-løp . 2 og et øvre utløp 3, hvorved innløpet 2 og utløpet 3 .er utstyrt med gittere 9.5henholdsvis IQ.' .1 det indre av sylinderen 1 befinner det seg radielt anordnede elektroder (katoder). 4, hvis lengde i aksiell retning for sylinderen 1 er mindre enn den totale lengde for sylinderen (cellen). 1. Den aksielle lengde for anoden 5, anodeavdelingen 7 og det indre rør 12 svarer, omtrent til lengden for katodene 4. Inne i sylinderen 1 befinner det seg tilstrekkelige partikler 11 som er større enn åpningene Fig. 2 shows another preferred embodiment of the electrolysis cell, which consists of a cylinder 1 with a lower inlet. 2 and an upper outlet 3, whereby the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 are equipped with grids 9.5 IQ respectively. .1 inside the cylinder 1 there are radially arranged electrodes (cathodes). 4, whose length in the axial direction of the cylinder 1 is less than the total length of the cylinder (cell). 1. The axial length of the anode 5, the anode compartment 7 and the inner tube 12 corresponds approximately to the length of the cathodes 4. Inside the cylinder 1 there are sufficient particles 11 that are larger than the openings
.til gitteret 9., 10. Det øvre frie rom ved det indre av cellen 1 tjener som beroligelsesrom 13 for partiklene. Det sentrale .to the grid 9., 10. The upper free space at the interior of the cell 1 serves as a calming space 13 for the particles. The central
avsnitt 9.' til det nedre gitter 9. har ingen åpninger. Det øvre gitter 10 har såvel.i de horisontale avsnitt som også i de ver-tikale sylindriske avsnitt 1.0' åpninger for oppnåelsen av en større flate. section 9.' to the lower grid 9. has no openings. The upper grid 10 has openings in the horizontal sections as well as in the vertical cylindrical sections 1.0' for the achievement of a larger surface.
Fig. 3 viser'en videre foretrukket utførelsesform for elektrolysecellen ifølge oppfinnelsen, som består av en sylinder med et nedre innløp 2 og et øvre utløp 3, som er utstyrt med gittere 9.? henholdsvis 10. I det indre av sylinderen 1 befinner det seg radielt anordnede alternerende katoder 4 og anoder 5'- I sentrum av cellen 1 befinner det seg et på begge ender åpent rør 12, som har den virkning å lede partiklene 11 nedover. Under røret 12 er det anordnet et gitter .9 hvis sentrale avsnitt 9' er lukket, slik at vannet ikke kan strømme gjennom Fig. 3 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrolysis cell according to the invention, which consists of a cylinder with a lower inlet 2 and an upper outlet 3, which is equipped with grids 9.? respectively 10. In the interior of the cylinder 1 there are radially arranged alternating cathodes 4 and anodes 5'- In the center of the cell 1 there is a tube 12 open at both ends, which has the effect of guiding the particles 11 downwards. Under the pipe 12, a grid .9 is arranged whose central section 9' is closed, so that the water cannot flow through
og over elektrodene. 4 og 5 ' over røret 12 befinner det seg et beroligelsesrom 13. and over the electrodes. 4 and 5' above the tube 12 there is a calming room 13.
Fig. 4 viser en spesielt foretrukket utførelsesform for cellen ifølge oppfinnelsen som har en ytre omgåelsesledning Fig. 4 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of the cell according to the invention which has an outer bypass line
15 som er forbundet med innløpet 2 og utløpet 3 til cellen 1. 15 which is connected to the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 of the cell 1.
I omgåelsesledningen 15 er det anordnet en pumpe 14 som har til oppgave å føre vannet gjennom omgåelsesledningen 15 og cellen 1 i kretsløp for å oppnå en slik strømningshastighet at det er tilstrekkelig til å sette partiklene inne i cellen i bevegelse og rive dem med. Dessuten har omgåelsesledningen 15 et innløp 16 for det vann som skal behandles og et utløp 17 for det be-handlede vann. In the bypass line 15, a pump 14 is arranged which has the task of passing the water through the bypass line 15 and the cell 1 in a circuit to achieve such a flow rate that it is sufficient to set the particles inside the cell in motion and tear them along. In addition, the bypass line 15 has an inlet 16 for the water to be treated and an outlet 17 for the treated water.
Man kommer til en ytterligere foretrukket utførelses-form for oppfinnelsen hvis man i den på fig. 1 viste utførelses-form utelater elektrodialysediafragmanet. 6•og benytter en anode 5 som består av et korroderbart metall. One arrives at a further preferred embodiment of the invention if in the one in fig. The embodiment shown in 1 omits the electrodialysis diaphragm. 6•and uses an anode 5 which consists of a corrodible metal.
Det er også mulig ved de på fig. 2-4 viste utførelsesf ormer inne i røret 12 å .anordne en på egnet måte drevet turbin' eller, propell (ikke vist), for å oppnå en ekstra (tvunget) tilbakestrømning som sikrer en tilstrekkelig kontakttid mellom partiklene' 11 og elektrodene 4, 5'. It is also possible with those in fig. 2-4 showed embodiments inside the pipe 12 to arrange a suitably driven turbine or propeller (not shown) to achieve an additional (forced) backflow which ensures a sufficient contact time between the particles 11 and the electrodes 4, 5'.
Ved de på fig. 1-4 viste utførelsesformer er det også mulig og fordelaktig mellom de radielt anordnede elektroder 4 eller 4, 5' og yttersylinderen 1 å anordne et ekstra ytre rør At those in fig. 1-4 shown embodiments, it is also possible and advantageous between the radially arranged electrodes 4 or 4, 5' and the outer cylinder 1 to arrange an additional outer tube
(ikke vist). Avstanden mellom dette rør og den ytre sylinder 1 må være tilstrekkelig stor slik at partiklene 11 kan synke fritt nedover i dette mellomrom. Åpningene i det nedre gitter 9_ er i dette tilfelle lukket langs den ytre kant av gitteret 9 minst til en slik bredde at den svarer til avstanden mellom det ytre rør og sylinderen 1. (not shown). The distance between this tube and the outer cylinder 1 must be sufficiently large so that the particles 11 can sink freely downwards in this space. The openings in the lower grid 9_ are in this case closed along the outer edge of the grid 9 at least to such a width that it corresponds to the distance between the outer tube and the cylinder 1.
For oppbyggingen av elektrolysecellen slik den er vist på fig. 1 og 2 kan det f. eks. benyttes følgende materiale: Anodene består fortrinnsvis av platinert titan eller platinert niob i form av et gitter (f. eks. av strekkmetall), men de kan også bestå av et hvilket som helst annet metall fra gruppen platinametaller som er bestandige mot korrosjon eller av grafitt eller karbon eller et metalloksyd. Anodene kan være massive eller ha form av et gitter (strekkmetall).. De forbruk-bare (korroderbare}. anoder ifølge fig. 3 og 4 består fortrinnsvis av metaller, slik de vanligvis benyttes for behandling av vann, f. eks. av aluminium, jern og kobber, som i vannbehand-lingsmetoden bevirker en utflokking, eller av metaller som sølv og kobber, som avgir oligodynamisk desinfiserende ioner til det vann som skal behandles. For the construction of the electrolysis cell as shown in fig. 1 and 2, it can e.g. the following material is used: The anodes preferably consist of platinized titanium or platinized niobium in the form of a grid (e.g. of stretched metal), but they can also consist of any other metal from the group of platinum metals that are resistant to corrosion or of graphite or carbon or a metal oxide. The anodes can be massive or have the shape of a grid (stretch metal). The expendable (corrodable) anodes according to Fig. 3 and 4 preferably consist of metals, as they are usually used for water treatment, e.g. aluminum , iron and copper, which in the water treatment method cause a flocculation, or of metals such as silver and copper, which emit oligodynamically disinfecting ions to the water to be treated.
Katodene kan bestå av et egnet vilkårlig elektrisk ledende materiale, fortrinnsvis av metaller, som rustfritt stål, kobber og lignende. The cathodes can consist of a suitable arbitrary electrically conductive material, preferably of metals, such as stainless steel, copper and the like.
Eksempler for materialer som.er egnet for fremstilling av sylinderen, innløpet, utløpet, gitteret, rørene og bærer-ne er kunststoffer, porselen, glass,.hårdgummi, betong eller et metall, hvorved sistnevnte samtidg kan virke som katode. Examples of materials which are suitable for the manufacture of the cylinder, the inlet, the outlet, the grid, the pipes and the carriers are plastics, porcelain, glass, hard rubber, concrete or a metal, whereby the latter can simultaneously act as a cathode.
Elektrodial<y>sediaf ragmaet kan f. eks. bestå av'porøst porselen, mikroporøse kunststoffer som polyolefiner, polyvinyl-klorid, cellulosenitrat og ioneutvekslerharpikser. Hvis det porøse diafragma er mekanisk ømfintlig mot anslag fra partikler, kan det være avskjermet (beskyttet), med et beskyttelsesgitter av et elektrisk ikke-ledende materiale, såsom kunststoff. The electrodial<y>sedif ragma can e.g. consist of porous porcelain, microporous plastics such as polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose nitrate and ion exchange resins. If the porous diaphragm is mechanically sensitive to impact from particles, it can be shielded (protected), with a protective grid of an electrically non-conductive material, such as plastic.
Ved partiklene inne i elektrolysecellen kan det dreie seg bm kuler av porselen, hårde kunststoffer, sten, glass, alu-miniumoksyd eller en egnet annen hård materialtype, hvis tetthet må være, større enn tettheten for det vann som skal . behandles. The particles inside the electrolysis cell can be balls of porcelain, hard plastics, stone, glass, aluminum oxide or a suitable other hard material type, the density of which must be greater than the density of the water to be . is processed.
Naturligvis må partiklene være større enn åpningene til gitteret som skal holde dem tilbake i elektrolysecellen. Naturally, the particles must be larger than the openings of the grid that will hold them back in the electrolysis cell.
Oppfinnelsen er ovenfor riktignok forklart under henvisning til foretrukne .utførelsesformer, men det er klart for fagmannen at oppfinnelsen ikke er begrenset til disse eksempler, The invention has been explained above with reference to preferred embodiments, but it is clear to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to these examples,
men at den kan modifiseres innenfor mange forskjellige måter but that it can be modified in many different ways
innenfor oppfinnelsens ramme. Således behøver cellene ikke nød-vendigvis f. eks. å ha sylindrisk tverrsnitt, men de kan også within the framework of the invention. Thus, the cells do not necessarily e.g. to have a cylindrical cross-section, but they can also
være elliptiske, heksagonale eller lignende. Den lukkede gitter-flate kan ha de forskjelligste former alt etter strømningsmønster som er nøvendig inne i cellen. Det er også f. eks. mulig å kom-binere den sentrale anode med ekstra, radielt anordnede anoder av det samme eller et annet metall med eller uten et i sentrum be elliptical, hexagonal or similar. The closed lattice surface can have a wide variety of shapes depending on the flow pattern required inside the cell. It is also e.g. possible to combine the central anode with additional, radially arranged anodes of the same or a different metal with or without one in the center
anordnet eller utvendig ved sylinderveggen anordnet tilbakestrøm-ningsrør eller benytte en vilkårlig annen kombinasjon herav. arranged or externally arranged at the cylinder wall return pipe or use any other combination thereof.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19752531850 DE2531850A1 (en) | 1975-07-16 | 1975-07-16 | ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR WATER TREATMENT |
DE19762607906 DE2607906A1 (en) | 1976-02-26 | 1976-02-26 | ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR WATER TREATMENT |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO762273L true NO762273L (en) | 1977-01-18 |
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NO762273A NO762273L (en) | 1975-07-16 | 1976-06-30 |
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JP (1) | JPS5212752A (en) |
AT (1) | AT353707B (en) |
AU (1) | AU504005B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7604451A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1090292A (en) |
CH (1) | CH598138A5 (en) |
DK (1) | DK320376A (en) |
ES (1) | ES449887A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2318115A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1560730A (en) |
IL (1) | IL49852A (en) |
IN (1) | IN143282B (en) |
MX (1) | MX143221A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7607843A (en) |
NO (1) | NO762273L (en) |
SE (1) | SE7607833L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1880980A1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-23 | Hydrotech International Ltd. | Device for electromagnetic desalination of sea water |
DE102007041828A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-05 | Siemens Ag | Apparatus and method for reducing pollutants in a liquid and use of such a device |
NL1035953C (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-19 | Stichting Wetsus Ct Excellence Sustainable Water Technology | Device and method for disinfection and/or purification of a fluid. |
CA2760560A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-01 | Premier Tech Technologies Ltee | A self-cleaning electro-reaction unit for wastewater treatment and related process |
FR3092841B1 (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2021-01-29 | A S Pool | Electrolysis cell for electrolytic treatment of a liquid |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR409753A (en) * | 1909-11-27 | 1910-04-30 | Auguste Cauchemez | Tank intended for the electrolysis of liquids and, in particular, water |
FR880435A (en) * | 1940-07-27 | 1943-03-25 | Advanced diaphragm electrolytic cell | |
US2563903A (en) * | 1949-12-07 | 1951-08-14 | Zadra John Benjamin | Electrolytic cell for the deposition of gold and/or silver from solutions |
NL128653C (en) * | 1964-11-30 | |||
US3580061A (en) * | 1970-01-16 | 1971-05-25 | Federal Mogul Corp | Seal-testing device |
JPS5128938B1 (en) * | 1970-11-26 | 1976-08-23 | ||
IT953306B (en) * | 1971-04-14 | 1973-08-10 | Hooker Chemical Corp | PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE METALLIC CONTENT OF LIQUIDS BY AN ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE |
DE2244244C3 (en) * | 1972-09-15 | 1981-07-02 | Dart Industries Inc., 90048 Los Angeles, Calif. | Electrolytic process for removing a contaminant dissolved in an aqueous spent solution and regenerative electrolytic cell which can be used for this purpose |
GB1423369A (en) * | 1973-09-24 | 1976-02-04 | Electricity Council | Electrolytic cells |
FR2316196A1 (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1977-01-28 | Sorapec | Electrochemical purification of industrial effluent - esp. from paper mills, by continuous anodic oxidation of organic pollutants |
-
1976
- 1976-06-21 IL IL49852A patent/IL49852A/en unknown
- 1976-06-21 AT AT450976A patent/AT353707B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-25 AU AU15283/76A patent/AU504005B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-29 GB GB27000/76A patent/GB1560730A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-30 NO NO762273A patent/NO762273L/no unknown
- 1976-07-02 CH CH852576A patent/CH598138A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-07 BR BR7604451A patent/BR7604451A/en unknown
- 1976-07-08 SE SE7607833A patent/SE7607833L/en unknown
- 1976-07-13 IN IN1258/CAL/1976A patent/IN143282B/en unknown
- 1976-07-14 CA CA256,956A patent/CA1090292A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-14 JP JP51083925A patent/JPS5212752A/en active Pending
- 1976-07-15 DK DK320376A patent/DK320376A/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 MX MX165526A patent/MX143221A/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 FR FR7621638A patent/FR2318115A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-07-15 NL NL7607843A patent/NL7607843A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-16 ES ES449887A patent/ES449887A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES449887A1 (en) | 1977-08-16 |
FR2318115A1 (en) | 1977-02-11 |
AT353707B (en) | 1979-11-26 |
AU504005B2 (en) | 1979-09-27 |
IL49852A (en) | 1980-07-31 |
JPS5212752A (en) | 1977-01-31 |
SE7607833L (en) | 1977-01-17 |
IN143282B (en) | 1977-10-29 |
ATA450976A (en) | 1979-04-15 |
DK320376A (en) | 1977-01-17 |
IL49852A0 (en) | 1976-08-31 |
BR7604451A (en) | 1977-07-26 |
CH598138A5 (en) | 1978-04-28 |
NL7607843A (en) | 1977-01-18 |
AU1528376A (en) | 1978-01-05 |
GB1560730A (en) | 1980-02-06 |
CA1090292A (en) | 1980-11-25 |
MX143221A (en) | 1981-04-03 |
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