NO754190L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO754190L NO754190L NO754190A NO754190A NO754190L NO 754190 L NO754190 L NO 754190L NO 754190 A NO754190 A NO 754190A NO 754190 A NO754190 A NO 754190A NO 754190 L NO754190 L NO 754190L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- amount
- weight
- additive
- silicon oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004976 Lyotropic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 calcium silicate hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-2-yl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår,primært en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av betongprodukter som har en høy styrke etter kort herdetid. Med betong er ment en sammenset-ning fremstilt av fyllstoffer, primært sand og sten, vann og sement, fortrinnsvis Portland-sement, som kan være av vanlig eller av hurtigherdende type. The present invention primarily concerns a method for the production of concrete products which have a high strength after a short curing time. By concrete is meant a composition made of fillers, primarily sand and stone, water and cement, preferably Portland cement, which can be of the normal or quick-setting type.
Ved støping med betong både på bygningsplasserWhen casting with concrete both on building sites
og ved fremstilling av prefabrikerte gjenstander slik som bygningselementer, er det ønskelig å korte ned herdetiden for betongen. Det er gjort forsøk på å oppnå dette ved å tilsette forskjellige stoffer til betongen og ved å øke temperaturen i betongblandingen. Imidlertid har disse' forsøk ikke vært spes-ielt vellykkede fordi herdingen enten har inntrådt så hurtig at betongen er blitt stiv mens den fremdeles var i' blanderen eller kvaliteten for den ferdige'betong ikke har vært tilfreds-stillende. and when manufacturing prefabricated objects such as building elements, it is desirable to shorten the curing time for the concrete. Attempts have been made to achieve this by adding different substances to the concrete and by increasing the temperature of the concrete mixture. However, these attempts have not been particularly successful because the hardening has either occurred so quickly that the concrete has become stiff while it was still in the mixer or the quality of the finished concrete has not been satisfactory.
Ifølge foreliggende søknad er det nu funnet at herdetiden i det vesentlige kan reduseres uten noen ugunstige virkninger på den ferdige betong. ' Herdetiden betyr her det tidsrom som betongen må tilbringe i støpeformen, dvs. det er den tid som er nødvendig til betongen er blitt sterk nok til at støpeformen kan fjernes eller, når det gjelder forspent betong, til at forspenningskablene kan løsnes. Denne styrke kan naturligvis- variere avhengig av omstendighetene under støpingen, men vanligvis er det ønskelig at betongen har opp- According to the present application, it has now been found that the curing time can essentially be reduced without any adverse effects on the finished concrete. ' The curing time here means the time that the concrete must spend in the mould, i.e. it is the time required until the concrete has become strong enough for the mold to be removed or, in the case of prestressed concrete, for the prestressing cables to be released. This strength can of course vary depending on the circumstances during casting, but usually it is desirable that the concrete has up-
2' 2'
nådd en kompresjonsstyrke på 100-250 kg/cm før den fjernes fra formen, og 300-400 kg/cm 2 før man slapper av på forspenningskablene. reached a compressive strength of 100-250 kg/cm before it is removed from the mold, and 300-400 kg/cm 2 before relaxing the prestressing cables.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen karakteri-^seres ved at natriumsulfat tilsettes til betongblandingen i en mengde på 0,1-5$, fortrinnsvis 0,5-1,5$, av sementvekten, at betongblandingen holdes ved en temperatur på 30-90°C under blandingen og at støpebetongen holdes ved en temperatur på 30-90°C i et' tidsrom på minst 2 timer. Betongblandingen bør fortrinnsvis støpes i en form på en slik måte at det ikke opptrer noen vesentlig temperaturreduksjon under støpingen. The method according to the invention is characterized in that sodium sulphate is added to the concrete mixture in an amount of 0.1-5$, preferably 0.5-1.5$, of the cement weight, that the concrete mixture is kept at a temperature of 30-90°C under the mixture and that the cast concrete is kept at a temperature of 30-90°C for a period of at least 2 hours. The concrete mixture should preferably be cast in a mold in such a way that no significant temperature reduction occurs during casting.
Mengden av natriumsulfat som tilsettes defineres The amount of sodium sulfate added is defined
som krystallinsk natriumsulfat Na2S0^.10 HgO.as crystalline sodium sulfate Na2S0^.10 HgO.
Den gunstige virkningen av natriumsulfatet ser ut til å oppnås fordi den, ved å øke ioneaktiviteten i vannfasen, forsinker hydratiseringen av sementkomponenten 3CaO.A^O^C^A) . Bearbeidbarheten av betongblandingen reduseres ikke merkbart under blandingen..Dette står i sterk motsetning.til det man skulle forvente fordi bearbeidbarheten av en forvarmet konven-sjonell betongblandingen (uten natriumsulfat) reduseres under blandingen. Hydratisering av sementkomponentene 3CaO. SiC>2 (C^S) og 2CaO.SiOg() inntrer hurtigere ved øket ioneaktivitet i vannfasen, men.fordi disse reaksjoner ikke inntrer umiddelbart etter tilsetningen av vann forårsaker det ingen forandring av bearbeidbarheten av, betongblandingen. Når hydratiseringen av C^S og C^S. starter inntrer reaksjonen meget hurtig og, gir varme og danner Ca(0H)2. Por å oppnå dette, må temperaturen ikke tillates å falle eller støping, ellers vil hele' herdeprosessen forsinkes. The beneficial effect of the sodium sulfate appears to be achieved because, by increasing the ionic activity in the water phase, it delays the hydration of the cement component 3CaO.A^O^C^A) . The workability of the concrete mixture is not noticeably reduced during mixing. This is in strong contrast to what one would expect because the workability of a preheated conventional concrete mix (without sodium sulphate) is reduced during mixing. Hydration of the cement components 3CaO. SiC>2 (C^S) and 2CaO.SiOg() occur faster with increased ionic activity in the water phase, but because these reactions do not occur immediately after the addition of water, they cause no change in the workability of the concrete mixture. When the hydration of C^S and C^S. starts, the reaction occurs very quickly and, gives heat and forms Ca(0H)2. In order to achieve this, the temperature must not be allowed to fall or casting, otherwise the entire curing process will be delayed.
Natriumsulfat tilsettes fortrinnsvis til betongblandingen mot enden av blandingen når de andre komponenter er grundig blandet. Den forhøyede temperatur oppnås fortrinnsvis ved forvarming av komponentene. Alternativt kan blanderen oppvarmes eksternt eller det kan også blåses damp inn i blanderen. I det sistnevnte tilfelle må det vann som tilsettes ved kondensasjons av dampen tas med i betraktning. Sodium sulphate is preferably added to the concrete mixture towards the end of the mixture when the other components have been thoroughly mixed. The elevated temperature is preferably achieved by preheating the components. Alternatively, the mixer can be heated externally or steam can also be blown into the mixer. In the latter case, the water added during condensation of the steam must be taken into account.
Når betong støpes i en form, er det tilrådelig at formen er forvarmet til i det minste samme temperatur som betongblandingen for å unngå retardering av herdingsprpsessen som nevnt ovenfor. Når betongen en gang er støpe, vil temperaturen gradvis stige spontant på grunn av varmen som opptrer ved hydratiseringen. Hvis temperaturøkningen ikke er tilstrekkelig hurtig eller tilstrekkelig høy til å nå det ønskede temperaturområde på 30-90°C, kan den støpte betong oppvarmes f.eks. ved damp. Det er foretrukket å forhindre vann å for-dampe fra enhver betongoverflate som er eksponert for luft. Dette kan skje på i og for seg kjent måte ved sprøyting av vann. på slike eksponerte betongoverflater eller å dekke disse med en plastfolie.■ Hvis det støpes store mengder betong, kan temperaturen inne i betongen bli for høy. I dette tilfelle kan • betongen-avkjøles på i og for seg kjent- måte, f.eks. ved hjelp av innleirede kjølerør. When concrete is poured into a form, it is advisable that the form is preheated to at least the same temperature as the concrete mix to avoid retardation of the hardening process as mentioned above. Once the concrete is cast, the temperature will gradually rise spontaneously due to the heat generated by the hydration. If the temperature increase is not fast enough or high enough to reach the desired temperature range of 30-90°C, the cast concrete can be heated, e.g. by steam. It is preferred to prevent water from evaporating from any concrete surface exposed to air. This can be done in a manner known per se by spraying water. on such exposed concrete surfaces or to cover these with a plastic film.■ If large quantities of concrete are poured, the temperature inside the concrete can become too high. In this case, • the concrete can be cooled in a known manner, e.g. by means of embedded cooling pipes.
Det■kan■derfor sies at natriumsulfatet forsinker■ hydratiseringen i det første trinn, dvs. under blaridingpros-essen, og akselererer hydratiseringen i et senere trinn når betongen er støpt.. Den spontane eller kunstig induserte temperaturøkning i dette senere trinn involverer en hvis risiko for at betongen skal krympe eller tørke ut slik at det dannes sprekker. Det er funnet at denne risiko-kan reduseres eller elimineres ved også å tilsette fine partikler av reaktiv amorf silisiumoksyd, Si02- Denne silisiumoksyd bør fortrinnsvis ha en partikkel-størrekse som tilsvarer en kolloidoppløsning der partikkelstør-elsen vanligvis er mindre enn 30 nm. Et slikt kolloidalt silisiumoksyd kan f.eks. fremstilles ved utfelling fra en sili-katoppløsning. Tilsetningen av slik kolloidal silisiumoksyd bør være omtrent av samme størrelsesorden som tilsetningen av natriumsulfat,'dvs. 0,05-3,0$ av vektenav sementen. Silisiumoksyd med grovere partikler kan også benyttes, f.eks. silisiumoksyd s.om er ekstrahert fra' utslippsgasser fra forskjellige pyrometallurgiske prosesser. Partikkelstørrelsen for denne silisiumoksyd kan være helt opp til 10 ym. Det bør i tilfelle benyttes større mengder av denne type silisiumoksyd enn når det gjelder den kolloidale silisiumoksyd, således fortrinnsvis 0,3-6 vekt-% av sementvekten.. It can therefore be said that the sodium sulphate delays the hydration in the first stage, i.e. during the blariding process, and accelerates the hydration in a later stage when the concrete is cast. The spontaneous or artificially induced temperature increase in this later stage involves a risk for the concrete to shrink or dry out so that cracks form. It has been found that this risk can be reduced or eliminated by also adding fine particles of reactive amorphous silicon oxide, SiO2. This silicon oxide should preferably have a particle size index that corresponds to a colloidal solution where the particle size is usually less than 30 nm. Such colloidal silicon oxide can e.g. is produced by precipitation from a silicate solution. The addition of such colloidal silicon oxide should be approximately of the same order of magnitude as the addition of sodium sulfate, i.e. 0.05-3.0$ of the weight of the cement. Silicon oxide with coarser particles can also be used, e.g. silicon oxide etc. is extracted from exhaust gases from various pyrometallurgical processes. The particle size for this silicon oxide can be up to 10 um. Larger quantities of this type of silicon oxide should be used in this case than in the case of the colloidal silicon oxide, thus preferably 0.3-6% by weight of the cement weight.
Den gunstige virkning av silisiumoksydet ser ut til å skyldes reaksjonen mellom silisiumoksydet og det kalsium-hydroksyd som dannes ved hydratisering av sementkomponenten The beneficial effect of the silicon oxide appears to be due to the reaction between the silicon oxide and the calcium hydroxide formed by hydration of the cement component
som er nevnt ovenfor. Denne reaksjon er nyttig av to grunner. For det første forbrukes en del av kalsiumhydroksydet, noe som således induserer øket hydratisering, og for det andre dannes det kalsiumsilikathydrater, hvilke hydrater øker styrken-'i betongen slik at sprekkdannelse forhindres. as mentioned above. This reaction is useful for two reasons. Firstly, part of the calcium hydroxide is consumed, which thus induces increased hydration, and secondly, calcium silicate hydrates are formed, which hydrates increase the strength of the concrete so that cracking is prevented.
Det er også funnet nyttig å tilsette.et fuktemiddel til betongblandingen. Dette gir mer grundig fukting gjennom hele blandingen såvel som en bedre fordeling av de finere sementpartikler og også av silisiumoksydet hvis^ dette tilsettes. Mengden av fuktemiddel som tilsettes er fortrinnsvis 0,0002-1$ av sementvekten. Det er foretrukket å benytte en. såkalt lyotrop flytende krystall som fuktemiddel fordi denne stabiliserer en suspensjon av fine partikler betydelig bedre enn et fuktemiddel som ikke er en lyotrop flytende krystall. It has also been found useful to add a wetting agent to the concrete mix. This provides more thorough wetting throughout the mixture as well as a better distribution of the finer cement particles and also of the silicon oxide if this is added. The amount of wetting agent added is preferably 0.0002-1% of the cement weight. It is preferred to use one. so-called lyotropic liquid crystal as a wetting agent because this stabilizes a suspension of fine particles significantly better than a wetting agent that is not a lyotropic liquid crystal.
Oppfinnelsen angår også et additiv for betong, ment for muliggjøring- av blandingen, støping og herding ved forhøyede temperaturer. Additivet karakteriseres ved at det består av en i det vesentlige mettet vannoppløsning av natriumsulfat hvori silisiumoksyd i form av fine partikler er suspendert i en mengde på 10-70 vekt-% av den totale vekt av additivet. Additivet inneholder også fortrinnsvis et fuktemiddel i en mengde på 0,002-2$ av den totale vekt for å holde silisiumoksydet i rela-tiv stabil suspensjon. Fuktemidlet har også den ovenfor angitte brukbare virkning i betongblandingen. The invention also relates to an additive for concrete, intended to enable mixing, casting and hardening at elevated temperatures. The additive is characterized by the fact that it consists of an essentially saturated water solution of sodium sulphate in which silicon oxide in the form of fine particles is suspended in an amount of 10-70% by weight of the total weight of the additive. The additive also preferably contains a wetting agent in an amount of 0.002-2$ of the total weight to keep the silicon oxide in a relatively stable suspension. The wetting agent also has the above-mentioned useful effect in the concrete mixture.
- Eksempel 1- Example 1
Det ble. blandet betong under de nedenfor angitte betingelser. Betongblanding: It was. mixed concrete under the conditions specified below. Concrete mix:
Denne betongblanding ble delt i tre satser. • Natriumsulfat ble tilsatt som angitt nedenfor. This concrete mixture was divided into three batches. • Sodium sulfate was added as indicated below.
Sats nr. 1: Ingen tilsetningBatch No. 1: No addition
Sats nr. 2: 1,1 vekt-$ av sementenBatch No. 2: 1.1 wt.-$ of the cement
Sats nr. 3: 5 vekt-% av sementen.Batch no. 3: 5% by weight of the cement.
Konsistensen for disse tre satser ble målt med en såkalt "slump cone" (tysk: "Setzmessgeråt"). Resultatet angis i cm.- Konsistensen ble også målt med en såkalt "vebe- consist-ency meter" (tysk: "Vebe-Konsistenzmessgeråt"). Resultatet er gitt i sekunder. Resultatene av disse målingér er gitt i den nedenfor følgende .tabell: The consistency for these three rates was measured with a so-called "slump cone" (German: "Setzmessgeråt"). The result is given in cm. - The consistency was also measured with a so-called "vebe-consistency meter" (German: "Vebe-Konsistenzmessgeråt"). The result is given in seconds. The results of these measurements are given in the table below:
Det ble fremstilt prøvelegemer fra de tre satser. Prøvelegmene ble herdet i et herdekammer hvori temperaturen ble øket som angitt nedenfor: Specimens were produced from the three batches. The test pieces were cured in a curing chamber in which the temperature was increased as indicated below:
.Kompresjonsstyrkene for prøvelegemene ble under-søkt eller 2, 3 og' 4 timer. Resultatene er gitt i tabellen nedenfor. Styrken er gitt som kg/cm 2 og hvert tall som er gitt er gjennomsnitts-verdier for to prøvelegemer The compressive strengths of the specimens were examined at 2, 3 and 4 hours. The results are given in the table below. The strength is given as kg/cm 2 and each number given is average values for two test specimens
Sats nr. 1 kan ikke brukes i praksis fordi betongen ble for hurtig fast. Sats nr. 2 er meget god, for det første fordi herdingen ble forsinket slik at betongen kunne - blandes og støpes mens den fremdeles befant seg i plastisk tilstand og for det andre fordi kompresjonsstyrken er høyere enn for sats nr. 1. Disse brukbare resultater er ennå mere utpreget i sats nr. 3 som hadde den høyeste tilsetning av natriumsulf at . Lot no. 1 cannot be used in practice because the concrete set too quickly. Batch No. 2 is very good, firstly because curing was delayed so that the concrete could - be mixed and cast while it was still in a plastic state and secondly because the compressive strength is higher than that of Batch No. 1. These usable results are even more pronounced in batch no. 3, which had the highest addition of sodium sulphate.
Eksempel 2Example 2
Det ble fremstilt et additiv som pr. kg inneholdt: An additive was produced which per kg contained:
55.1,0 g vann55.1.0 g of water
212.1 g natriumsulf at, Na^O^.lO H20 236.2 g kolloidal silisiumoksyd 212.1 g sodium sulfate, Na^O^.lO H20 236.2 g colloidal silicon oxide
0,7 g nonylfenylpolyoksyetylenmonoglykoleter 0.7 g nonylphenyl polyoxyethylene monoglycol ether
("Berol 02")("Berol 02")
Natriumsulfatet' ble oppløst i vann og fuktemidlet ble deretter tilsatt. Etter at det var oppnådd en homogen bland-ing ble silisiumoksydet rørt inn. The sodium sulfate' was dissolved in water and the wetting agent was then added. After a homogeneous mixture had been obtained, the silicon oxide was stirred in.
Eksempel 3Example 3
Betong ble blandet under'de nedenfor angitte beting-, eiser. Det ble støpt prøvelegemer fra betongblandingen og disse ble lagret i den dampboks ved de angitte temperaturer og fuktig-hetsgrader. To prøvelegemer ble tatt ut etter angitte tidsrom og'kompresjonsstyrkene ble bestemt. Etter 4 timer ble de gjen-værende prøvelegemer overført til et herdekammer for herding i henhold til den stipulerte standardiserte metode' (såkalt "combined curing"). Concrete was mixed under the conditions stated below. Specimens were cast from the concrete mixture and these were stored in the steam box at the specified temperatures and humidity levels. Two specimens were taken out after specified periods of time and the compressive strengths were determined. After 4 hours, the remaining specimens were transferred to a curing chamber for curing according to the stipulated standardized method (so-called "combined curing").
Betongblanding:Concrete mix:
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Det ble her benyttet de samme betingelser som i eksempel 3, men uten additiv. Det var ikke mulig å støpe betongblandingen fordi den begynte å bli fast under blandingspros-essen. The same conditions as in example 3 were used here, but without additive. It was not possible to pour the concrete mixture because it started to harden during the mixing process.
Eksempel 5Example 5
Det ble blandet betong under de nedenfor angitte betingelser. Det ble støpt prøvelegemer fra betongblandingen. Prøvelegemene ble herdet'i et oppvarmingskammer ved de angitte temperaturer. Etter 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 og 24 timer ble prøvelege-mene trykkprøvet. Styrkeøkningen er angitt i tabellen nedenfor: Concrete was mixed under the conditions stated below. Specimens were cast from the concrete mixture. The specimens were cured in a heating chamber at the indicated temperatures. After 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 hours, the test specimens were pressure tested. The strength increase is indicated in the table below:
Betongblanding:Concrete mix:
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Det ble benyttet de samme betingelser som i eks. 5, men uten additiv. Betongblandingen kunne ikke støpes fordi den ble fast under blandingen. The same conditions were used as in ex. 5, but without additive. The concrete mixture could not be cast because it solidified during mixing.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7416250A SE7416250L (en) | 1974-12-23 | 1974-12-23 | KIT FOR PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE PRODUCTS WITH HIGH HALL STRENGTH AFTER SHORT HARDENING TIME AND CONCRETE ADDITIVES FOR SUCH PRODUCTION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO754190L true NO754190L (en) | 1976-06-24 |
Family
ID=20323115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO754190A NO754190L (en) | 1974-12-23 | 1975-12-10 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5340606B2 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH599842A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2555450C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK585675A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI753430A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2295926A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1506507A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1060451B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO754190L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7416250L (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO148995C (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1986-06-12 | Elkem As | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING CEMENTS LURRY WITH LOW WEIGHT FOR USE BY CEMENTATION OF OIL AND GAS BURNS. |
| LU82089A1 (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-09-10 | Sipac | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CATION EXCHANGER AND METHOD FOR THE USE OF THIS EXCHANGER FOR THE EXTRACTION OF METALS FROM LIQUIDS |
-
1974
- 1974-12-23 SE SE7416250A patent/SE7416250L/en unknown
-
1975
- 1975-12-05 FI FI753430A patent/FI753430A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-12-10 NO NO754190A patent/NO754190L/no unknown
- 1975-12-10 DE DE2555450A patent/DE2555450C3/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-12 GB GB51096/75A patent/GB1506507A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-12 FR FR7538073A patent/FR2295926A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-12-16 IT IT52719/75A patent/IT1060451B/en active
- 1975-12-19 CH CH1651475A patent/CH599842A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-12-22 DK DK585675A patent/DK585675A/en unknown
- 1975-12-22 JP JP15319375A patent/JPS5340606B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI753430A (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| IT1060451B (en) | 1982-08-20 |
| FR2295926A1 (en) | 1976-07-23 |
| DE2555450B2 (en) | 1979-03-15 |
| CH599842A5 (en) | 1978-05-31 |
| DE2555450A1 (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| SE7416250L (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| GB1506507A (en) | 1978-04-05 |
| DK585675A (en) | 1976-06-24 |
| JPS5189520A (en) | 1976-08-05 |
| JPS5340606B2 (en) | 1978-10-28 |
| DE2555450C3 (en) | 1979-11-08 |
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