NO750142L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO750142L NO750142L NO750142A NO750142A NO750142L NO 750142 L NO750142 L NO 750142L NO 750142 A NO750142 A NO 750142A NO 750142 A NO750142 A NO 750142A NO 750142 L NO750142 L NO 750142L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- milk
- disinfection
- chloramine
- bacteria
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ISAOUZVKYLHALD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O ISAOUZVKYLHALD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroisocyanuric acid Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000025371 Taste disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019656 metallic taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-halogen bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
Description
I forbindelse med moderne fremstilling av melkeprodukter betyr kobberforurensning et alvorlig problem. Kobberioner katalyserer de sønderdelingsreaks joner som gir opphav til såkalt metallsmak .■ ' Kobberionene kan komme fra en rekke forskjellige kilder, f.eks."' messing- eller kobberdeler i den anvendte utrustning. En forurens-ningskilde som er betydelig mer alminnelig og byr på vesentlig større vanskeligheter, er imidlertid det vann som anvendes ved In connection with the modern production of dairy products, copper contamination means a serious problem. Copper ions catalyze the decomposition reactions that give rise to a so-called metallic taste. The copper ions can come from a number of different sources, e.g. brass or copper parts in the equipment used. A pollution source that is considerably more common and offers significantly greater difficulties, however, is the water used at
vask og desinfeksjon av utrustningen. Spesielt i varmtvannsberedere forekommer der for en stor del ledninger og andre deler av kobber. washing and disinfection of the equipment. Especially in water heaters, there are a large number of wires and other parts made of copper.
En viss kobberforurensning.av det anvendte vann torde som regel-A certain copper contamination of the water used usually
være uunngåelig. Kobber i vandig oppløsning har sterk tendens til å bindes til de flater det kommer i kontakt med. Dette gjelder ganske særlig rustfrie flater av den art som anvendes ved behandling av melk. Melk inneholder blant annet sitronsyre og har en meget sterk tilbøyelighet til å desorbere det kobber som foreligger på de flater den kommer i kontakt med. Særlig når relativt små mengder.''., melk behandles i en utrustning med relativt stor overflate, blir kobberinnholdet i melken betydelig. Problemet med kobberforurens- ... ning forårsaket av kobber i vannet er derfor sannsynligvis mest alvorlig ved de enkelte landbruksbedrif ter ..( be inevitable. Copper in aqueous solution has a strong tendency to bind to the surfaces it comes into contact with. This applies particularly to stainless surfaces of the kind used in the treatment of milk. Milk contains, among other things, citric acid and has a very strong tendency to desorb the copper present on the surfaces it comes into contact with. Especially when relatively small amounts of milk are processed in equipment with a relatively large surface area, the copper content in the milk becomes significant. The problem of copper pollution caused by copper in the water is therefore probably most serious at the individual agricultural enterprises ..(
Et annet alvorlig problem i forbindelse med moderne distri-busjon av melk med henting fra gårdene hver annen eller hver fjerde dag, består i tilveksten av såkalte psykotrofe bakterier, dvs. bakterier som har god vekstevne selv ved lave temperaturer. En effektiv avlivning av psykotrofe bakterier ved desinfeksjonen er.. derfor et hovedvilkår for moderne melkehåndtering. Et annet problem ved moderne melkehåndtering, hvor vask for hånd eller i det hele' tatt den manuelle bearbeidelse av flatene i utrustningen er redu- ,V!' sert til et minimum og erstattet med kjemisk påvirkning med oppvaskmidler, består i dannelsen av såkalt melkesten, dvs. et protein-kompleks med organiske salter, i første rekke kalsiumf osf at. ' f'"^ V; Another serious problem in connection with the modern distribution of milk with collection from the farms every two or every four days, consists in the growth of so-called psychotrophic bacteria, i.e. bacteria that have a good ability to grow even at low temperatures. An effective killing of psychotrophic bacteria during disinfection is therefore a key condition for modern milk handling. Another problem with modern milk handling, where washing by hand or in general the manual processing of the surfaces in the equipment is redu-,V!' served to a minimum and replaced by chemical action with washing-up agents, consists in the formation of so-called milk stone, i.e. a protein complex with organic salts, primarily calcium phosphate. ' f'"^ V;
Det er kjent ved vask av f.eks. melkeapparatur å anvende • oppvaskmidler med kompleksdannere og høy alkalitet, dvs. med pH It is known when washing e.g. milk equipment to use • detergents with complexing agents and high alkalinity, i.e. with pH
over 12. I oppløsninger av disse oppvaskmidler foreligger eventuelt kobber som et oppløselig kobberhydroksyd-kompleks, og der foreligger sannsynligvis ingen tendens til opphopning av kobber på flatene. above 12. In solutions of these washing-up agents, copper is possibly present as a soluble copper hydroxide complex, and there is probably no tendency for copper to accumulate on the surfaces.
Det er også kjent ved vask for hånden å anvende oppvaskmidler inneholdende kompleksdannere og med pH 9-10. Kompleksdannerne i disse • oppvaskmidler kan være natriumpolyfosfat eller NTA. NTA er i denne, forbindelse å foretrekke, da dets evne til kompleksdannelse når det gjelder kobberioner, ved disse pH-verdier er ca. 3 tierpotenser høyere enn hos natrium-tripolyfosfat. It is also known when washing by hand to use detergents containing complexing agents and with a pH of 9-10. The complex formers in these • washing-up agents can be sodium polyphosphate or NTA. NTA is preferable in this connection, as its ability to complex with copper ions at these pH values is approx. 3 orders of magnitude higher than with sodium tripolyphosphate.
Det er også kjent for desinfeksjon ved melkebehandling å anvende midler som i vandig oppløsning avgir hypoklorittioner, særlig kloramin. Kloraminholdige oppløsningers virkning på psykotrofe bakterier er imidlertid ikke særlig god..Kloraminholdige oppløsninger blir også med hensyn til desinfeksjonsevne ugunstig påvirket av stigende pH, som kan forårsakes av rester av alkali fra vaskeoperasjonen. Der er også f.eks. fra svensk patentskrift 95 704 kjent kloraminholdige desinfeksjonsmidler som inneholder syrer. Med disse midler unngås ekstraproblemene med den ugunstige virkning av stigende pH, og de torde også ha en gunstig virkning mot melkesten, men manglene når det gjelder virkning mot psykotrofe bakterier, gjenstår,. Videre er der kjent desinfeksjonsmidler som inneholder klorisocyanurater og natriumtripolyfosfat. Disse midler er riktignok effektive mot psykotrofe bakterier, men virkningen overfor kobberforurensning og melkestensdannelse torde ikke være optimal. Mari kan også sette spørsmålstegn ved å tilsette en substans av typen natrium-tripolyfosf at i et slutt-trinn av behandlingsprosessen forut for kontakten med melk. It is also known for disinfection during milk processing to use agents which emit hypochlorite ions in aqueous solution, especially chloramine. However, the effect of chloramine-containing solutions on psychotrophic bacteria is not very good. Chloramine-containing solutions are also adversely affected in terms of disinfection ability by rising pH, which can be caused by residual alkali from the washing operation. There are also e.g. from Swedish patent 95 704 known chloramine-containing disinfectants which contain acids. With these agents, the additional problems with the unfavorable effect of rising pH are avoided, and they also seem to have a beneficial effect against milk stones, but the shortcomings in terms of action against psychotrophic bacteria remain. Disinfectants are also known which contain chloroisocyanurates and sodium tripolyphosphate. These agents are indeed effective against psychotrophic bacteria, but the effect on copper contamination and milk stone formation is probably not optimal. Mari can also raise questions by adding a substance of the sodium tripolyphosphate type in a final step of the treatment process prior to contact with milk.
Sluttelig er der også f.eks. fra Cutler and Davies: "Detergency, theory and test methods" kjent et middel som er bestemt til å fjerne melkesten og inneholder fosforsyre og tensid. Dette middel har imidlertid ingen desinfeksjonseffekt. Finally, there is also e.g. from Cutler and Davies: "Detergency, theory and test methods" known an agent which is intended to remove milk scale and contains phosphoric acid and surfactant. However, this agent has no disinfection effect.
Selv om vasken utføres under betingelser som ikke i og forEven if the wash is carried out under conditions that are not in and for
seg medfører kobberforurensning, etterfølges vaskeoperasjonen av et skylle- og/eller desinfeksjonstrinn hvor kobberforurensning er uunngåelig om der ikke treffes særskilte forholdsregler. ' ■. leads to copper contamination, the washing operation is followed by a rinsing and/or disinfection step where copper contamination is unavoidable if special precautions are not taken. ' ■.
Hittel er der ikké kjent noe desinfeksjonsmiddel som på enHittel is not known to have any disinfectant that can be used on one
gang hindrer kobberforurensning, fjerner melkesten og samtidig har en god effekt overfor psykotrofe bakterier. Søkerne har nøye studert alle aspekter i sammenheng med vask og desinfeksjon ved melkehåndtering for å søke å komme frem til en god løsning av disse problemer.. Med et desinfeksjonsmiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen har det vist once prevents copper contamination, removes milk calculi and at the same time has a good effect against psychotrophic bacteria. The applicants have carefully studied all aspects in connection with washing and disinfection during milk handling in order to seek to arrive at a good solution to these problems. With a disinfectant according to the invention, it has shown
seg mulig effektivt å forhindre kobberforurensning, fjerne melkesten og med meget god effekt drepe psykotrofe bakterier. Desinfeksjons-middelet ifølge oppfinnelsen, som fortrinnsvis er bestemt for desinfeksjon av apparatur til melkehåndtering, erkarakterisert vedat det for en vesentlig del inneholder klorisocyanursyre og sitronsyre og/eller deres alkalimetallsalter. Molforhåndet mellom klorisocyanurat og citrat bør ligge mellom 1:10 og 1:2, fortrinnsvis omkring 1:5. Foruten blandingen av klorisocyanursyre og sitronsyre, resp. deres alkalimetallsalter, kan middelet inneholde inerte drøyemidler for å muliggjøre sikker og bekvem håndtering ved an-vendelsen. pH i vandig oppløsning vil være 2-7, det vil med andre ord si et surt eller nøytralt miljø. as effectively as possible to prevent copper contamination, remove milk calculi and kill psychotrophic bacteria with very good effect. The disinfectant according to the invention, which is preferably intended for disinfection of equipment for handling milk, is characterized by the fact that it contains for a significant part chloroisocyanuric acid and citric acid and/or their alkali metal salts. The molar ratio between chloroisocyanurate and citrate should be between 1:10 and 1:2, preferably around 1:5. Besides the mixture of chloroisocyanuric acid and citric acid, resp. their alkali metal salts, the agent may contain inert emollients to enable safe and convenient handling during use. The pH in an aqueous solution will be 2-7, in other words, an acidic or neutral environment.
Fordelene ved middelet ifølge oppfinnelsen sammenholdt med tidligere kjente klordesinfeksjonsmidler når det gjelder beskyttelse mot kobberforurensning, fremgår av tabell 1. Fordelene ved klorisocyanurat sammenholdt med kloramin som desinfeksjonsmiddel mot psykotrofe bakterier, fremgår av tabell 2. Det fortjener å påpekes at sitronsyre og citrater er naturlige ingredienser i melk, så deres anvendelse i de mengder som her kan komme på tale, ikke kan gi grunn til betenkeligheter fra toxikologiske synspunkter. The advantages of the agent according to the invention in comparison with previously known chlorine disinfectants in terms of protection against copper pollution are shown in table 1. The advantages of chloroisocyanurate in combination with chloramine as a disinfectant against psychotrophic bacteria are shown in table 2. It deserves to be pointed out that citric acid and citrates are natural ingredients in milk, so their use in the amounts that can be discussed here cannot give cause for concern from a toxicological point of view.
Eksempler:Examples:
Ved forsøkene ble der anvendt en apparatur som vist på tegningen, hvor 1 betegner et rustfritt beger, 2 en PVC-slange med diameter 6 mm, 3 en membranpumpe med kapasitet 2 dl/min,. 4 en PVC-slange og 5 et rustfritt rør i form av en skruelinjeformet kveil og med samlet rørlengde 6 m og rørdiameter 6 mm. De følgende oppløs-ninger har vært benyttet: During the experiments, an apparatus was used as shown in the drawing, where 1 denotes a stainless beaker, 2 a PVC hose with a diameter of 6 mm, 3 a membrane pump with a capacity of 2 dl/min. 4 a PVC hose and 5 a stainless pipe in the form of a helical coil and with a total pipe length of 6 m and a pipe diameter of 6 mm. The following solutions have been used:
1. Vann1. Water
2. Klordesinfeksjonsmiddel• Av en pulverblanding sammensatt av2. Chlorine disinfectant• Of a powder mixture composed of
24 vektprosent natrium-diklorisocyanurat og 76 vektprosent Na2SO^ble der dosert 15 ml = 21 g pr. 10 liter vann. 24 weight percent sodium dichloroisocyanurate and 76 weight percent Na2SO^ were dosed there 15 ml = 21 g per 10 liters of water.
3. Klordesinfeksjonsmiddel 25. Av en pulverblanding bestående av3. Chlorine disinfectant 25. Of a powder mixture consisting of
6 vektprosent natrium-diklorisocyanurat, 25 vektprosent sitronsyre og 69 vektprosent Na2S04ble der dosert 15 ml = 19 g pr. 6 weight percent sodium dichloroisocyanurate, 25 weight percent citric acid and 69 weight percent Na2S04 were dosed there 15 ml = 19 g per
10 liter vann.10 liters of water.
4. Klordesinfeksjonsmiddel, citrat. Av en pulverblanding bestående av 6 vektprosent natrium-diklorisocyanurat, 30 vektprosent tri-natriumcitrat, 2H20 og 64 vektprosent Na2S04ble der dosert 15 ml =19 g pr. 10 liter vann. 5. Kloramin A. Av en kommersiell kloraminvare ble 20 ml dosert i 10 liter vann. 6. Klordesinf eks jonsmiddel, fosfat. Av en pulverblanding sammensatt v av 6 vektprosent natrium-diklorisocyanurat, 30 vektprosent . natrium-tripolyfosfat og 64 vektprosent Na2SC>4 ble 15 ml = 19 g dosert pr. 10 liter vann. 4. Chlorine disinfectant, citrate. 15 ml = 19 g per 10 liters of water. 5. Chloramine A. 20 ml of a commercial chloramine product was dosed in 10 liters of water. 6. Chlorine disinfectant, phosphate. Of a powder mixture composed of 6% by weight sodium dichloroisocyanurate, 30% by weight . sodium tripolyphosphate and 64% by weight Na2SC>4, 15 ml = 19 g were dosed per 10 liters of water.
7. Melk.7. Milk.
Hvert forsøk har med de unntagelser som fremgår av tabell 1, omfattet et adsorbsjonstrinn og et desorbsjonstrinn. Ved asorbsjons-trinnet ble en vandig eller annen oppløsning som ved tilsetning av et kobbersalt hadde fått et forhøyet innhold av kobberioner, sirkulert gjennom apparaturen på fig. 1 i 15 min. Kobberinnholdet i opp-løsningen ble målt innen denne ble helt inn i apparaturen, samt etter avsluttet sirkulasjon. Forskjellen mellom kobbermengdene i oppløsningen før og etter sirkulasjonen angir den mengde kobber som - • har satt seg på apparaturens innerflate. Ved desorbsjonstrinnet ble melk eller en desinfeksjonsoppløsning av en av de ovennevnte typer. 2-6 sirkulert gjennom apparaturen. Desorbert mengde kobber ble beregnet som forskjellen mellom kobbermengden i oppløsningen etter og før sirkulasjonen. Sluttelig ble forholdet mellom desorbert og adsorbert kobbermengde beregnet og angitt som prosent desorbert kobber av adsorbert kobber. Each experiment, with the exceptions shown in table 1, included an adsorption step and a desorption step. In the absorption step, an aqueous or other solution which had been given an increased content of copper ions by the addition of a copper salt was circulated through the apparatus in fig. 1 for 15 min. The copper content in the solution was measured before it was poured into the apparatus, as well as after circulation had ended. The difference between the amounts of copper in the solution before and after circulation indicates the amount of copper which - • has settled on the inner surface of the apparatus. In the desorption step, milk or a disinfection solution of one of the above types was used. 2-6 circulated through the apparatus. Desorbed amount of copper was calculated as the difference between the amount of copper in the solution after and before circulation. Finally, the ratio between desorbed and adsorbed copper was calculated and expressed as a percentage of desorbed copper of adsorbed copper.
Der har også vært gjort, forsøk.med sikte på å fastslå effekten av a-lkali-klorisocyanurat sammenholdt med Kloramin A på coliforme - Attempts have also been made with the aim of determining the effect of α-alkali chloroisocyanurate combined with Chloramine A on coliforms -
og psykotrofe bakterier. De anvendte desinfeksjons-oppløsninger ble. fremstilt av et pulver sammensatt av and psychrotrophic bacteria. The disinfection solutions used were prepared from a powder composed of
a) en blanding av 24% natrium-diklorisocyanurat og 64% Na2S04<;>;;';i b) et kommersielt klorpreparat inneholdende alkali-kloriso- --...'f cyanurat og tripolyfosfat, > ..:,,> . c) et kommersielt klorpreparat inneholdende Kloramin og NaCiiV-i a) a mixture of 24% sodium dichloroisocyanurate and 64% Na2S04<;>;;';i b) a commercial chlorine preparation containing alkali-chloriso- --...'f cyanurate and tripolyphosphate, > ..:,,> . c) a commercial chlorine preparation containing Chloramine and NaCiiV-i
Tabell 2 viser at midler inneholdende alkali-klorisocyanurater er klart overlegne like overfor kloramin når det gjelder desinfeksjon. Denne overlegenhet er mest markant når det gjelder psykotrofe bakterier. Resultatene er angitt som decimalreduksjon, dvs. forskjellen mellom log^ for begynnelsesantallet av mikroorganismer i oppløsningen og log^Qfor antallet av overlevende bakterier. Dette innebærer at der hvis én bakterie av 1 000 000 overlever kontakttiden med desinfeksjonsoppløsningen, fås en decimalreduksjon på 6.0. Har en bakterie av 1 000 overlevet, betegnes dette med 3,0, en av 100 Table 2 shows that agents containing alkali chloroisocyanurates are clearly superior to chloramine when it comes to disinfection. This superiority is most marked in the case of psychrotrophic bacteria. The results are given as decimal reduction, i.e. the difference between log^ for the initial number of microorganisms in the solution and log^Q for the number of surviving bacteria. This means that if one bacterium out of 1,000,000 survives the contact time with the disinfection solution, a decimal reduction of 6.0 is obtained. If one bacterium out of 1,000 survived, this is denoted by 3.0, one in 100
med 2,0 osv.with 2.0 etc.
For de refererte forsøk er der angitt di-klorisocyanurat, men også mono- resp. tri-klorisocyanurat gir stort sett analoge resul-tater. For the referred experiments, dichloroisocyanurate is indicated, but also mono- or trichloroisocyanurate gives largely analogous results.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7401005A SE7401005L (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1974-01-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO750142L true NO750142L (en) | 1975-08-18 |
Family
ID=20320014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO750142A NO750142L (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1975-01-17 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FI (1) | FI750188A (en) |
NO (1) | NO750142L (en) |
SE (1) | SE7401005L (en) |
-
1974
- 1974-01-25 SE SE7401005A patent/SE7401005L/xx unknown
-
1975
- 1975-01-17 NO NO750142A patent/NO750142L/no unknown
- 1975-01-24 FI FI750188A patent/FI750188A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI750188A (en) | 1975-07-26 |
SE7401005L (en) | 1975-07-28 |
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