NO346700B1 - Biodegradable artificial baits - Google Patents
Biodegradable artificial baits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO346700B1 NO346700B1 NO20083253A NO20083253A NO346700B1 NO 346700 B1 NO346700 B1 NO 346700B1 NO 20083253 A NO20083253 A NO 20083253A NO 20083253 A NO20083253 A NO 20083253A NO 346700 B1 NO346700 B1 NO 346700B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- artificial bait
- biodegradable
- bait according
- biodegradable artificial
- starch
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
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- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K97/00—Accessories for angling
- A01K97/04—Containers for bait; Preparation of bait
- A01K97/045—Preparation of bait; Ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K85/00—Artificial bait for fishing
- A01K85/01—Artificial bait for fishing with light emission, sound emission, scent dispersal or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår biospaltbare kunstige agn fremstilt av biospaltbare blandinger som er uoppløselige i vandige omgivelser, og som er i stand til å frigjøre attraktive substanser som er i stand til å tiltrekke seg organismer som er av interesse, i de samme vandige omgivelser. The present invention relates to biodegradable artificial baits made from biodegradable mixtures which are insoluble in aqueous environments and which are able to release attractive substances capable of attracting organisms of interest in the same aqueous environment.
I fiskerisektoren, spesielt i den industrielle, finnes det et behov for erstatning av naturlige agn med agn av annen opprinnelige. Da naturlig forekommende agn utgjøres av organismer som i sin tur må være gjenstand for oppdrett, eller som fanges inn, representerer de et vesentlig kostnadselement. Dersom de ikke kommer fra et oppdrettssenter, bidrar dessuten anvendelse av slike agn til utarming av fiskestammen, som ofte blir betydelig utarmet som følge av intenst fiske i industriell målestokk. In the fishing sector, especially in the industrial sector, there is a need to replace natural bait with bait of other origins. As naturally occurring bait consists of organisms which in turn must be farmed, or which are caught, they represent a significant cost element. If they do not come from a breeding centre, the use of such bait also contributes to the depletion of the fish population, which is often significantly depleted as a result of intensive fishing on an industrial scale.
Følgende dokumenter beskriver ulike aspekter ved biospaltbare kunstige agn; US4212890; GB2211057; NO912442; US4731247 and JP S5429778. The following documents describe various aspects of biodegradable artificial baits; US4212890; GB2211057; NO912442; US4731247 and JP S5429778.
Det ovenfor omtalte problem løses nå i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse med biospaltbare kunstige agn, ved hjelp av bionedbrytbare sammensetninger som er uløselige i vandige omgivelser, og som er i stand til å avgi attraktive substanser som er i stand til å tiltrekke seg organismer som lever i slike vandige omgivelser. The above-mentioned problem is now solved according to the present invention with biodegradable artificial baits, by means of biodegradable compositions which are insoluble in aqueous environments, and which are able to release attractive substances which are able to attract living organisms in such watery environments.
Det bionedbrytbare kunstige agn ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter en sammensetning omfattende minst én nedbrytbar substans av fornybar opprinnelse, minst én bionedbrytbar (ko)polymer av syntetisk opprinnelse og minst én tiltrekkende, biospaltbar substans som er i stand til å tiltrekke seg organismer som lever i vann. The biodegradable artificial bait according to the present invention comprises a composition comprising at least one degradable substance of renewable origin, at least one biodegradable (co)polymer of synthetic origin and at least one attractive, biodegradable substance capable of attracting organisms living in water .
I sammensetningen i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse er den bionedbrytbare substans av fornybar opprinnelse til stede i en mengde av fra 10 til 90 vekt%, fortrinnsvis fra 20 til 80 vekt%, mer foretrukket fra 30 til 70 vekt%. Substansen av fornybar opprinnelse omfatter naturlig forekommende polymerer som er i stand til å bli termoplastiske under egnede temperaturbetingelser og i nærvær av mykningsmidler. De nevnte naturlig forekommende polymerer omfatter for eksempel stivelser, modifiserte stivelser, alginater, ligniner, celluloser, modifiserte celluloser, osv. In the composition according to the present invention, the biodegradable substance of renewable origin is present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight, preferably from 20 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 70% by weight. The substance of renewable origin comprises naturally occurring polymers capable of becoming thermoplastic under suitable temperature conditions and in the presence of plasticizers. The aforementioned naturally occurring polymers include, for example, starches, modified starches, alginates, lignins, celluloses, modified celluloses, etc.
I en særlig foretrukken utførelsesform utgjøres substansen av fornybar opprinnelse stivelse. Spesielt kan stivelsen være avledet fra poteter, ris, tapioka, mais, erter, hvete og lignende. Potetstivelse og maisstivelse foretrekkes. Stivelsen kan også være modifisert enten kjemisk eller fysikalsk. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the substance of renewable origin is starch. In particular, the starch can be derived from potatoes, rice, tapioca, maize, peas, wheat and the like. Potato starch and corn starch are preferred. The starch can also be modified either chemically or physically.
Sammensetningen inneholder dessuten minst én biospaltbar termoplastisk (ko)polymer av syntetisk opprinnelse. The composition also contains at least one biodegradable thermoplastic (co)polymer of synthetic origin.
De bionedbrytbare termoplastiske (ko)polymerer som kan anvendes som komponenter av de kunstige agn i henhold til oppfinnelsen, velges blant de følgende klasser: The biodegradable thermoplastic (co)polymers that can be used as components of the artificial baits according to the invention are selected from the following classes:
a) bionedbrytbare polymerer av syntetisk opprinnelse eller dannet ved fermentering, spesielt polyestere som for eksempel homopolymerer eller kopolymerer av alifatiske hydroksysyrer med fra 2 til 24 karbonatomer, eller av de tilsvarende laktoner eller laktider som for eksempel: a) biodegradable polymers of synthetic origin or formed by fermentation, especially polyesters such as, for example, homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydroxy acids with from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, or of the corresponding lactones or lactides such as, for example:
- poly(epsilon)kaprolakton, dets podede kopolymerer eller blokk-kopolymerer, reaksjonsproduktene av kaprolaktonoligomerer eller -polymerer med aromatiske eller alifatiske isocyanater, kopolymerer med melkesyre, med glykolsyre, med polyhydroksybutyrat og polyhydroksybutyratvalerat; - poly(epsilon)caprolactone, its graft copolymers or block copolymers, the reaction products of caprolactone oligomers or polymers with aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates, copolymers with lactic acid, with glycolic acid, with polyhydroxybutyrate and polyhydroxybutyrate valerate;
- polymerer av melkesyre eller av laktid, polymerer av glykolsyre eller av polyglykolid, kopolymerer av melkesyre eller av glykolsyre; - polymers of lactic acid or of lactide, polymers of glycolic acid or of polyglycolide, copolymers of lactic acid or of glycolic acid;
- langkjedede polyhydroksyalkanoater, polyhydroksyalkanoater med midlere kjedelengde og kortkjedede polyhydroksyalkanoater, som for eksempel poly-hydroksybutyrater (for eksempel poly-hydroksybutyratvalerat P), polyhydroksyheksanoater, polyhydroksyoktanoater, polyhydroksydekanoater, og kopolymerer med andre polyestere; - long-chain polyhydroxyalkanoates, medium-chain polyhydroxyalkanoates and short-chain polyhydroxyalkanoates, such as polyhydroxybutyrates (for example polyhydroxybutyrate valerate P), polyhydroxyhexanoates, polyhydroxyoctanoates, polyhydroxydecanoates, and copolymers with other polyesters;
b) polyestere avledet fra bifunksjonale syrer og alifatiske dioler, som for eksempel: b) polyesters derived from bifunctional acids and aliphatic diols, such as, for example:
- alifatiske eller alifatisk-aromatiske polyestere som for eksempel polyalkylenadipiater, polyalkylensuksinater, polyalkylenazelater, polyalkylensebacater og polyalkylenbrassilater, eventuelt kopolymerisert med alifatiske eller aromatiske isocyanater og eventuelt øket i vekt ved hjelp av kjedeforlengere; som for eksempel polyetylenadipat, polybutylenadipat, polyetylenadipat-ko-tereftalat, polybutylenadipat-ko-tereftalat, polyetylensuksinat, polybutylensuksinat, polybutylensuksinat-ko-adipat, polyetylenazelat, polybutylenazelat, polyetylensebacat, polybutylensebacat, polyetylensebacat-ko-tereftalat, polybutylensebacat-ko-tereftalat, polyetylenbrassilat og polybutylenbrassilat; - aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic polyesters such as polyalkylene adipates, polyalkylene succinates, polyalkylene azelates, polyalkylene bacates and polyalkylene brasilates, optionally copolymerized with aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates and optionally increased in weight by means of chain extenders; such as polyethylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, polyethylene adipate co-terephthalate, polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polybutylene succinate co-adipate, polyethylene azelate, polybutylene azelate, polyethylene sebacate, polybutylene sebacate, polyethylene sebacate co-terephthalate, polybutylene sebacate co-terephthalate, polyethylene brasylate and polybutylene brassylate;
c) polymerer som er i stand til å innvirke på stivelse ved å kompleksdanne den, dvs. polymerer som inneholder hydrofile grupper innført i hydrofobe sekvenser, som for eksempel: c) polymers capable of acting on starch by complexing it, i.e. polymers containing hydrophilic groups introduced into hydrophobic sequences, such as, for example:
- etylen-vinylalkohol-kopolymerer inneholdende inntil 50 vekt%, fortrinnsvis 10-44 vekt%, etylenenheter, etylen-vinylalkohol-kopolymerer oksidert eller avsluttet med fettsyrer eller podet med polykaprolakton eller modifisert med akryliske eller metakryliske monomerer og/eller pyridin; - ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers containing up to 50% by weight, preferably 10-44% by weight, ethylene units, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers oxidized or terminated with fatty acids or grafted with polycaprolactone or modified with acrylic or methacrylic monomers and/or pyridine;
- etylen-vinylacetat-kopolymer, sågar delvis hydrolysert; - ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, even partially hydrolysed;
- etylen-akrylester-kopolymerer; - ethylene-acrylic ester copolymers;
- etylen-akrylester-maleinsyreanhydrid-terpolymerer eller etylenvinylacetat-glycidylmetakrylat-terpolymerer; - ethylene acrylic ester maleic anhydride terpolymers or ethylene vinyl acetate glycidyl methacrylate terpolymers;
- etylenkopolymerer med umettede syrer som for eksempel akrylsyre, metakrylsyre, krotonsyre, itakonsyre, maleinsyreanhydrid, osv., spesielt etylen-arylsyrekopolymerer inneholdende 5-50 mol%, fortrinnsvis 10-30 mol%, enheter avledet fra akrylsyre; - ethylene copolymers with unsaturated acids such as for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, etc., especially ethylene-aryl acid copolymers containing 5-50 mol%, preferably 10-30 mol%, units derived from acrylic acid;
- terpolymerer av etylen og vinylacetat hydrolysert fullstendig eller partielt med akrylsyre eller metakrylsyre eller krotonsyre eller itakonsyre; - terpolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate hydrolysed completely or partially with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or crotonic acid or itaconic acid;
- 6-6, 6-9 eller 12 alifatiske polyamider, alifatiske polyuretaner, tilfeldig fordelt eller blokk-polyuretan-polyamid, polyuretan-polyeter, polyuretanpolyester, polyamid-polyester, polyamid-polyeter, polyester-polyeterkopolymerer, - 6-6, 6-9 or 12 aliphatic polyamides, aliphatic polyurethanes, randomly distributed or block polyurethane-polyamide, polyurethane-polyether, polyurethane-polyester, polyamide-polyester, polyamide-polyether, polyester-polyether copolymers,
- polykaprolaktan-uretan, hvor blokkstørrelsen av polykaprolakton er på mellom 300 og 3000 molekylvektenheter, og hvor de benyttede isocyanater utgjøres av MDI (metylen-difenyldiisocyanat), toluendiisocyanat, heksametylendiisocyanat; - polycaprolactan-urethane, where the block size of polycaprolactone is between 300 and 3000 molecular weight units, and where the isocyanates used consist of MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate;
d) polymerer valgt fra gruppen bestående av polyvinylalkohol i forskjellige grader av hydrolyse, eventuelt modifisert med akrylater eller metakrylater, polyvinylalkohol som på forhånd er blitt myknet eller modifisert for å nedsette smeltepunktet, eventuelt inneholdende geleringsmidler som for eksempel borsyre, borater eller fosfater, kopolymerer av vinylacetat i de forskjellige grader av hydrolyse med vinylpyrrolidon eller styren, polyetyloksazolin, polyvinylpyridin; eller polymerer som er i stand til å danne hydrogenbindinger med stivelse. d) polymers selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol in various degrees of hydrolysis, optionally modified with acrylates or methacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol which has been previously softened or modified to lower the melting point, optionally containing gelling agents such as boric acid, borates or phosphates, copolymers of vinyl acetate in the various degrees of hydrolysis with vinylpyrrolidone or styrene, polyethyloxazoline, polyvinylpyridine; or polymers capable of forming hydrogen bonds with starch.
Særlig foretrukket er en alkenolisk homopolymer og/eller alkenolisk kopolymer i en mengde av fra 10 til 90 vekt% av sammensetningen, fortrinnsvis fra 10 til 40 vekt%. Den foretrukkede alkenoliske homopolymer er polyvinylalkohol, spesielt med en grad av hydrolyse på mellom 80 og 99 mol%, fortrinnsvis mellom 90 og 99 mol%, og enda mer foretrukket mellom 96 og 99 mol%. Particularly preferred is an alkenolic homopolymer and/or alkenolic copolymer in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight of the composition, preferably from 10 to 40% by weight. The preferred alkenolic homopolymer is polyvinyl alcohol, especially with a degree of hydrolysis of between 80 and 99 mol%, preferably between 90 and 99 mol%, and even more preferably between 96 and 99 mol%.
Sammensetningen inneholder dessuten attraktive bionedbrytbare substanser av naturlig eller syntetisk opprinnelse som er i stand til å tiltrekke seg organismer av interesse som lever i vann, i en mengde av fra 1 til 30 vekt%, med fordel fra 1 til 15 vekt%. Blant de tiltrekkende substanser av naturlig opprinnelse foretrekkes spesielt ekstrakter av gjær, oligopeptider, blandinger av oligopeptider, aminosyrer, blandinger av aminosyrer eller kombinasjoner derav. Gjærekstrakter foretrekkes spesielt. Den foretrukkede gjær er Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. The composition also contains attractive biodegradable substances of natural or synthetic origin capable of attracting organisms of interest living in water, in an amount of from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight. Among the attractants of natural origin, yeast extracts, oligopeptides, mixtures of oligopeptides, amino acids, mixtures of amino acids or combinations thereof are particularly preferred. Yeast extracts are particularly preferred. The preferred yeast is Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.
De tiltrekkende substanser av naturlig opprinnelse som er nevnt ovenfor, kan anvendes som sådanne for å tiltrekke seg organismer som lever i vann, selv om de ikke foreligger i form av agn. Også i dette tilfelle er gjærekstrakter særlig foretrukkede. Den foretrukkede gjær er Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. The attracting substances of natural origin mentioned above can be used as such to attract organisms that live in water, even if they are not present in the form of bait. In this case too, yeast extracts are particularly preferred. The preferred yeast is Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.
Sammensetningen kan dessuten inneholde ytterligere elementer som for eksempel myknere, fargestoffer, fyllstoffer, smøremidler, kjernedannende midler, animalske og vegetabilske fett, uorganiske salter, frakoblingsmidler, vegetabilske gelatiner og additiver generelt. The composition may also contain additional elements such as plasticizers, dyes, fillers, lubricants, nucleating agents, animal and vegetable fats, inorganic salts, decoupling agents, vegetable gelatins and additives in general.
Sammensetningen inneholder med fordel minst ett mykningsmiddel, dvs. en substans som kan innlemmes i materialet for å øke dettes fleksibilitet og bearbeidbarhet eller for å redusere viskositeten av smelten eller for å redusere produktets elastisitetsmodul. Betegnelsen "mykner" inkluderer alle kjente typer myknere, uavhengig av hvorvidt de er oppløsningsmiddelmyknere eller ikke-oppløsningsmiddelmyknere. The composition advantageously contains at least one plasticizer, i.e. a substance that can be incorporated into the material to increase its flexibility and workability or to reduce the viscosity of the melt or to reduce the product's modulus of elasticity. The term "plasticizer" includes all known types of plasticizers, regardless of whether they are solvent or non-solvent plasticizers.
Sammensetningen kan inneholde minst én mykner i en mengde av fra 5 til 50 vekt%, fortrinnsvis fra 5 til 30 vekt%. Den foretrukkede mykner for stivelsesbaserte sammensetninger er vann. Det kunstige agn i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse er uoppløselig i vandige omgivelser, dvs. det taper mindre enn 20 vekt%, fortrinnsvis mindre enn 10 vekt% og ytterligere mer foretrukket mindre enn 5 vekt% etter 24 timers opphold i vandige omgivelser ved en temperatur lavere enn 10 �C. The composition may contain at least one plasticizer in an amount of from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 30% by weight. The preferred plasticizer for starch-based compositions is water. The artificial bait according to the present invention is insoluble in an aqueous environment, i.e. it loses less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight and even more preferably less than 5% by weight after 24 hours of residence in an aqueous environment at a temperature lower than 10 �C.
Det kunstige agn i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan være til stede i form av et ekstrudat, i injeksjonsstøpt form, i form av ark, folie, nett, fibre eller kombinasjoner derav. Agnet kan anvendes i forskjellige utformninger i henhold til de ulike fisketeknikker, spesielt i form av komplekse strukturer som er i stand til å optimalisere volum/overflateforholdet for å regulere frigjøringskinetikken. The artificial bait according to the present invention can be present in the form of an extrudate, in injection-molded form, in the form of sheet, foil, net, fibers or combinations thereof. The bait can be used in different designs according to the different fishing techniques, especially in the form of complex structures which are able to optimize the volume/surface ratio in order to regulate the release kinetics.
I en særlig foretrukket utførelsesform har det kunstige agn i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse form av en nettlignende beholder inneholdende ekstruderte granuler. Denne utførelsesform er særlig fordelaktig ved bruk av fisketeknikker hvor feller benyttes for å fange fisken levende, uten bruk av kroker. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the artificial bait according to the present invention has the form of a net-like container containing extruded granules. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when using fishing techniques where traps are used to catch the fish alive, without the use of hooks.
Ved bruk av fleragnsystemer er det i stedet særlig fordelaktig å benytte injeksjonsstøpte artikler av former som egner seg for kontrollert frigjøring. When using multi-particle systems, it is instead particularly advantageous to use injection-molded articles of shapes that are suitable for controlled release.
Sammensetningene som beskrives ovenfor, kan bearbeides under betingelser som vil være kjent av en fagmann på området. I henhold til en særlig foretrukket fremgangsmåte blir sammensetningene blandet og bragt opp til smeltepunktet i en ekstruder for å danne et ekstrudat som kan benyttes som sådant (i form av "spagetti", flate strimler, seksjonsinndelte strimler, smale rør, pellets), eller som bearbeides på ny, for eksempel ved injeksjonsstøping. The compositions described above can be processed under conditions that will be known to one skilled in the art. According to a particularly preferred method, the compositions are mixed and brought up to the melting point in an extruder to form an extrudate which can be used as such (in the form of "spaghetti", flat strips, sectioned strips, narrow tubes, pellets), or as processed again, for example by injection moulding.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
En sammensetning inneholdende: A composition containing:
- maisstivelse 57% - corn starch 57%
- PVOH Lamovil CI 179 - PVOH Lamovil CI 179
(hydrolysegrad 98,5-99,2%) 21% (degree of hydrolysis 98.5-99.2%) 21%
- vann 15% - water 15%
- gjærekstrakt i pulverform (aroma) - yeast extract in powder form (aroma)
(Gistex Standard Powder, Chimab) 7% (Gistex Standard Powder, Chimab) 7%
ble tilført til en dobbeltskrueekstruder L/D 35 XLT som roterte med 170 o.p.m. og med den følgende temperaturprofil ( ºC): 30-90-130-140-150x2-160x2-140-110x6. was fed to a twin-screw extruder L/D 35 XLT rotating at 170 r.p.m. and with the following temperature profile (ºC): 30-90-130-140-150x2-160x2-140-110x6.
Bearbeidelseskapasiteten var på 10,1 kg/t. The processing capacity was 10.1 kg/h.
De oppnådde granuler ble deretter testet med hensyn til deres oppløselighet i vann og frigjøring av aroma i vandige omgivelser. The obtained granules were then tested with regard to their solubility in water and release of aroma in an aqueous environment.
Oppløselighet i vann Solubility in water
En prøve bestående av ca. 12 g granuler, inneholdende 10 vekt% vann, ble anbragt i 1,5 l vann, og det ble foretatt omrøring i 24 timer. Etter endt behandling ble prøven oppsamlet, tørket i en ventilert ovn ved en temperatur på 50 ºC for å eliminere overflatevannet og veiet, og vanninnholdet i prøven ble bestemt. Vekttapet mellom starten og avslutningen av behandlingen var på ca.4,1 vekt%. En slik verdi ble oppnådd ved hjelp av den følgende formel: A sample consisting of approx. 12 g of granules, containing 10% by weight of water, were placed in 1.5 l of water, and stirring was carried out for 24 hours. After finishing the treatment, the sample was collected, dried in a ventilated oven at a temperature of 50 ºC to eliminate the surface water and weight, and the water content of the sample was determined. The weight loss between the start and end of the treatment was approximately 4.1% by weight. Such a value was obtained using the following formula:
(prøvens tørrvekt ved start) - (prøvens tørrvekt etter endt behandling) (prøvens tørrvekt ved starten av behandlingen) (dry weight of the sample at the start) - (dry weight of the sample after the end of treatment) (dry weight of the sample at the start of the treatment)
Testing av frigjøringen av aroma Testing the release of aroma
En prøve på ca. 50 g granuler ble anbragt i 1,5 l vann inneholdende 3,5 % NaCl, holdt ved 4-6 ºC ved termostatstyring og ble omrørt i 24 timer. I løpet av de 24 timer ble det tatt forskjellige prøver av den vandige oppløsning, som ble analysert med et UV-VIS-spektrofotometer (modell Cary IE Varian) for å bestemme absorbansen ved 280 nm. Verdiene for absorbansen, korrelert ved hjelp av Lambert-Beers lov med konsentrasjonen av aroma i oppløsningen er gitt i tabellen nedenfor. A sample of approx. 50 g of granules were placed in 1.5 l of water containing 3.5% NaCl, kept at 4-6 ºC by thermostat control and were stirred for 24 hours. During the 24 hours, various samples of the aqueous solution were taken, which were analyzed with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer (model Cary IE Varian) to determine the absorbance at 280 nm. The values for the absorbance, correlated using Lambert-Beer's law with the concentration of aroma in the solution are given in the table below.
Claims (24)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT002483A ITMI20052483A1 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2005-12-23 | BIODEGRADABLE LURES |
| PCT/EP2006/070188 WO2007071791A1 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2006-12-22 | Biodegradable artificial baits |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20083253L NO20083253L (en) | 2008-07-22 |
| NO346700B1 true NO346700B1 (en) | 2022-11-28 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| NO20083253A NO346700B1 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2006-12-22 | Biodegradable artificial baits |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP1978822A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20052483A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO346700B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007071791A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITAN20100002A1 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2011-07-26 | Biolog S R L | BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC MATERIAL |
| WO2013041561A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-28 | Novamont S.P.A. | Stable aqueous dispersions comprising complexed starch |
| ITMI20111680A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-20 | Novamont Spa | COATING COMPOSITIONS FOR PAPER SUBSTRATES. |
| WO2015191136A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | CRUSHtacean, Inc. | Synthetic bait for attracting marine organisms |
| IT202000001405A1 (en) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-24 | New Project S R L | Edible and water-soluble chewable toy for animals. |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5429778A (en) * | 1977-08-10 | 1979-03-05 | Tsukane Tanaka | Production of false bait |
| US4212890A (en) * | 1977-07-02 | 1980-07-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Manufacture of pellets from feed meals |
| US4731247A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1988-03-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Artificial fish baits with sustained release properties |
| GB2211057A (en) * | 1983-08-10 | 1989-06-28 | Knud Lindgard | Fishbait |
| NO912442L (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1991-12-23 | Marco Seattle Inc | ARTIFICIAL Bait for Fish, O.L. |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7002955A (en) * | 1969-03-07 | 1970-09-09 | ||
| US3557288A (en) * | 1969-03-07 | 1971-01-19 | Pennwalt Corp | Control of terrestrial mollusks |
| US3791241A (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1974-02-12 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | High energy food supplements comprising linear aliphatic 1,3-diols |
| JPS5180578A (en) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-07-14 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind | |
| EP0137748B1 (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1988-04-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Artificial fish baits with sustained release properties |
| US4681758A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-07-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Shaped, flavored articles and method of producing same |
| HU210122B (en) * | 1988-03-23 | 1995-02-28 | Biorex Kutato Fejlesztoe Kft | Process for production of composition against thromboembolytic conditions of circulating system and heart |
| CA1277537C (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1990-12-11 | Tibor Kadet | Fishing lure |
| JPH03164140A (en) * | 1989-11-21 | 1991-07-16 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co Ltd | Feed composition for cultured fish |
| CN1146290A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-04-02 | 王世权 | Live single-cell sea red-yeast ecological bait and production method |
| JP3979591B2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2007-09-19 | 日本水産株式会社 | Combined feed and method for producing the same |
-
2005
- 2005-12-23 IT IT002483A patent/ITMI20052483A1/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-12-22 WO PCT/EP2006/070188 patent/WO2007071791A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-22 EP EP06830824A patent/EP1978822A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-22 NO NO20083253A patent/NO346700B1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4212890A (en) * | 1977-07-02 | 1980-07-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Manufacture of pellets from feed meals |
| JPS5429778A (en) * | 1977-08-10 | 1979-03-05 | Tsukane Tanaka | Production of false bait |
| GB2211057A (en) * | 1983-08-10 | 1989-06-28 | Knud Lindgard | Fishbait |
| US4731247A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1988-03-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Artificial fish baits with sustained release properties |
| NO912442L (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1991-12-23 | Marco Seattle Inc | ARTIFICIAL Bait for Fish, O.L. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITMI20052483A1 (en) | 2007-06-24 |
| EP1978822A1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
| WO2007071791A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
| NO20083253L (en) | 2008-07-22 |
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