NO337912B1 - Method of making a foundation, especially for a tower in a wind power plant - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for building a foundation for a structure that has several segments, in particular for a tower in a wind energy plant. The invention also relates to a support rod, a foundation segment for such a building and also a wind energy plant.

For larger constructions, creating a permanent, stable and level foundation is of enormous importance. Especially for a tower in a wind energy plant, which can have heights of more than 100 m and which is exposed to enormous forces during operation, the foundation must meet high requirements.

Now, the foundation for a wind energy plant is created by first creating a so-called granulate layer in a foundation bed, i.e. a layer of cement or concrete that is as flat and horizontally running as possible. Support rods are then placed on the foundation segment, i.e. the lowest segment in the tower which consists of several segments, with which the foundation segment is aligned on the granulate layer. In order to compensate for unevenness in the granulate layer and to align the foundation segment as horizontally as possible, the support rods can be screwed into the underside of the foundation segment at different lengths, where the support rods, at least in the upper area facing the underside of the foundation segment, are designed as a threaded rod.

Here, it has happened in some cases that due to the high load from the side on the support rod from the foundation segment, which can have a weight of 10 to 14 tonnes, support rods with this have either penetrated into the granulate layer or that a support rod on the underside of the foundation segment breaks . This could cause the foundation segment to overturn. In addition to the danger to the people entrusted with the work of creating the foundation, this led to time delays as well as additional costs to repair these damages.

From DE 12 55 992 it is known a support stool for floors with a base plate consisting of parts, where one of two support parts, which can be screwed together in a telescopic manner, is fixed, and a plate on top to support the load. The two telescopic support parts that can be screwed together are tubes, the plate on top has a passage that corresponds to the tube bore and in the base plate there is a concentric bore that lies to the tube bore for an anchor screw.

From DE 546 447 a plinth for a mast is known which has several support legs which are arranged radially around the mast.

The invention is therefore based on the task of specifying an improved method for making a foundation for a building that has several segments, especially for a tower in a wind energy plant, an improved support rod, a suitable foundation segment and also a wind energy plant, where the aforementioned problems is avoided.

According to the invention, this task is solved through a method for building a foundation for a structure comprising a plurality of segments, especially for a tower in a wind energy plant, where the method has the following steps: a) excavation of a foundation bed, b) construction of a stable , essentially flat and horizontally running granulate layer in the foundation bed, c) placement of a foundation segment of the structure on the granulate layer, where at least three support rods with adjustable height according to any of the requirements 1 to 5, are distributed over and firmly attached to the foundation segment using of a respective support foot attached to the end of the support rods, in such a way that only the support rods are set down on predetermined support points of the granulate layer, d) production of a reinforcement on the granulate layer, e) casting of the rest of the foundation bed with foundation mass, especially concrete, to above the lower edge of the foundation segment.

The basis for the invention is the realization that the problems that occur with the methods that have been used up to now can be avoided when the support rods are not screwed directly into the underside of the foundation segment, but when fixedly distributed support rods are placed on the foundation segment with the help of a support foot for each, e.g. in the form of a support plate, before the foundation segment is set up on the granulate layer. The means for the height adjustment are still available on the support rods, but in other places than before, and the height adjustment is not achieved through different screwing of the support rods on the underside of the foundation segment. With support feet, a significantly larger support surface for the foundation segment on the support rods is achieved and thus a significantly better distribution of the load. A threaded rod breaking on the underside of the foundation segment can therefore no longer occur.

In order to also prevent the support rod from penetrating into the granulate layer, it is further according to the invention that the places where the support rods with the foundation segment are to be lined up on the granulate layer are reinforced. This reinforcement can take place on the surfaces through the installation of (additional) reinforcement mats and/or through local reinforcement, for example through increasing granulate layers in predetermined positions. An alternative to this or a complement is the use of foot plates. These can be laid out in predetermined positions on the granulate layer, so that the support bars can be lined up on them, or they are placed on the support bar on the opposite side of where the support foot is placed.

After the foundation segment with the support rods was set up on these support points or the footing plates and the leveling have been carried out, the rest of the foundation bed is finally filled in one or more casting stages with foundation mass, for example concrete, where the foundation mass is filled up to above the lower edge of the foundation segment, so that a stable foundation is achieved. In this final casting process, due to the stable support for the foundation segment, certain problems as observed in the known methods no longer occur, especially changes in the position of the foundation segment during the filling with foundation mass.

In a selected design, the support rods are placed by means of support plates on a flange placed on the underside of the foundation segment. Preferably, the support plates are screwed together with the flange. As a result, a particularly good bearing and support for the foundation segment on the support rods can be achieved.

In an alternative design, each of the support rods is placed on a flange that extends onto the upper edge of the foundation segment. Preferably, for this, the support foot at the upper end of the support rod is designed so that it is firmly connected to the flange, for example can be screwed together. In order to ensure secure support for the foundation segment, such a design further preferably provides that the support rods are guided through rings placed on the lower edge of the foundation segment and run inside the foundation segment.

The pouring of the foundation bed with foundation mass can take place in the final step of the process in a casting process. Preferably, especially with the last described design for the support rods, the casting of the rest of the foundation bed can also take place in two stages. In a first step, the foundation bed is first poured up to approximately the lower edge of the foundation segment with foundation mass. Then, once again, a possible height adjustment for the foundation segment can be made, to also compensate for any changes in the foundation segment during this first casting and to achieve the most horizontal position possible. For this, of course, the support rods have height adjustment means in an area which at this time has not yet been cast again with foundation material. Consequently, only after this height adjustment is the rest of the foundation bed cast up to the desired height.

In another design, according to the invention, the pouring of the rest of the foundation bed with foundation mass takes place to such a height that holes in the side walls of the foundation segment are covered with foundation mass, where foundation mass is also cast into the hollow inner space of the foundation segment.

Preferably, there is a row of holes around the foundation segment at the same distance from the underside of the foundation segment. Reinforcing wires are braided through the holes, so that a mechanical connection is formed between the foundation and the foundation section.

Foundation mass is therefore not only cast into the area around the foundation segment in the foundation bed, but also in the inner space of the hollow foundation segment, so that this is not exposed to any loads from the sides due to the foundation mass cast in the outer space, which in turn could lead to a change in position for the foundation segment during the casting process. By the fact that foundation mass is also cast into the inner space of the foundation segment, this is stabilized in one position and cannot be easily pushed or changed in position by foundation mass cast in the outer area.

Preferably, the height adjustment for the support rods is on the lower end of the support rods facing the granulate layer. This can, for example, be realized through an adjustable nut. The support rod itself preferably has an internal threaded rod which can be used to adjust the height.

In an advantageous design of the method according to the invention, there is a measurement of the current height adjustment for each individual support foot. Preferably, there will be optical measuring means for this, such as, for example, a measuring means that sends out a laser beam focused in a horizontal direction, where suitable sensors are placed on the support feet. These produce a sensor signal that contains information about the actual height setting for the support foot and thus allows a height setting, so that the foundation segment is aligned horizontally. In addition, there may also be controlled operating means for the height adjustment of the support feet which, depending on the recorded sensor signals, perform the height adjustment of the support feet automatically.

Preferably applicable for the method according to the invention, support rods according to the invention are specified in claims 1-5. A foundation segment according to the invention with the described characteristics is specified in claims 17-18. In addition to this, the invention also relates to a wind energy plant with a tower that has several segments, where the lowest segment is a foundation segment of the type described respectively where the foundation of the tower is produced using the described method.

The invention is subsequently explained with the help of the drawings. Here figure 1 shows a wind energy plant according to the invention with a tower consisting of several segments, figure 2 a first design of a foundation segment according to the invention, figure 3 a section of the foundation segment according to the invention according to figure 2 with a support rod, figure 4 a second design of a foundation segment according to the invention, Figure 5 shows a section of the foundation segment according to Figure 4 with a support rod, Figure 6 a section of the foundation segment according to the invention according to Figure 5, Figure 7 another section of the foundation segment according to the invention according to Figure 5, Figure 8 a support foot for a support rod shown in figure 5, figure 9 another design of a support rod according to the invention seen from the front, figure 10 the support rod according to figure 9 seen from the side, figure 11 another design of a support rod according to the invention with an operating unit, figure 12 another design of a support rod according to the invention with a sensor for the height setting seen from the front, figure 13 a foundation segment if see the invention as an explanation of the formation of the sensor signals for the height setting and Figure 14 is a block diagram of a design of the support rods where there is a sensor for the height setting.

The wind energy plant 1 shown in Figure 1 has a tower 2 which has several segments 3, where the lowest segment 4, the so-called foundation segment, is built into a foundation 5. On top of the tower 2, a gondola 6 is stored rotatably, on it it is again placed a rotor 7 with several rotor blades 8. Inside the nacelle 6, an electric generator is arranged which, through the force of the wind acting on the rotor blades 8, is set in motion and thus produces electrical energy.

The segment 3 including the foundation segment 4 on the tower 2 are preferably steel elements, but can also basically be prestressed concrete, where, for example, prestressed steel elements or anchor is cast in. The foundation segment 4 is then cast into a foundation plate 9 which preferably consists of concrete. This foundation plate 9 can either protrude above the ground 10 in the surrounding area or also end flush with the ground, but where in any case the lower edge of the foundation segment 4 is covered and also the support rods 11 placed on the underside of the foundation segment 4. With the help of these support rods 11 the foundation segment is supported on a so-called granulate layer 12, i.e. a most flat and horizontally running cement or concrete layer that is cast into the foundation bed before the foundation segment 4 with the support rods 11 is set up.

In figure 2, the essential elements of the foundation 5 are shown before the pouring of foundation mass for the formation of the foundation plate 9. To create the foundation, a foundation bed 13 is first excavated in the ground 10. Then a granulate layer 12 is brought in at the bottom of the foundation bed, the surface of which must run as flat and horizontal as possible. Before the foundation segment 4 is set up on the granulate layer, three support rods 11 are first firmly placed on the underside 41 of the foundation segment 4. In order to achieve the best possible support for the foundation segment on the support rods 11, these at the upper end facing the underside of the foundation segment 4 have a fixed support plate 110 as support foot with the help of which the support rods 11 are placed on a flange 42 on the foundation segment, preferably screwed. The support rods 11 are also arranged at regular intervals or in predetermined positions on the outer surface of the cylindrical foundation segment 4. Before the foundation segment 4 is set up, support points are marked on the granulate layer 12 and reinforced with foot plates to prevent the support rods 11 from penetrating into the granulate layer 12. After the foundation segment 4 is lined up on the foot plates 14, a height adjustment can be made using the support rods 11 to align the foundation segment as horizontally as possible. For this, the support rods 11 have height adjustment means 111 which can be designed as an internal threaded rod with an adjustment nut.

After the height adjustment of the foundation segment 4, the reinforcement is produced. Here, reinforcing wires are braided through the holes present in the side walls of the foundation segment 4 as a row of holes 43. Finally, the foundation bed 13 is cast again entirely with foundation mass, preferably concrete. For this, the foundation mass is filled on one side in the outer space 15 of the foundation segment 4 as well as in the inner space 44 of the foundation segment 4, so that when the foundation mass is cast, the position of the foundation segment is not changed, for example due to forces on the sides from the foundation mass from the outside. Since threads for the foundation reinforcement are passed through the holes in the row of holes 43, tensile forces from the tower can also be safely transferred to the foundation. After the foundation segment 4 has been cast in firmly in this way, the further construction of the tower can take place.

Figure 3 shows an enlarged section of the foundation segment 4 with a support rod 11. Here it can be seen how the support rod 11 is screwed onto the flange 42 of the foundation segment 4 by means of the support plate 110, which is firmly connected to the support rod 11. At least in in the lower area of the support rod 11, there is an internal threaded rod 114, on which an adjustment nut 112 is placed in order to be able to adjust the height, i.e. change the length of the support rod 11. Here, the adjustment nut 112 rests on the outer sleeve of the support rod 11 and thus allows an adjustment of the threaded rod 114 in its longitudinal direction. The fixed nuts 113 make it possible to hold the threaded rod 114 firmly, so that it does not turn with the nut 112.

|Figure 4 shows an alternative design of a foundation segment according to the invention, where in particular other support rods 21 find use. The foundation segment 4 is again shown resting on three support rods 21. Between the granulate layer 12 and the support rods 21 there are again support plates 14 which serve to distribute the weight to prevent the support rods 21 from penetrating into the granulate layer 12.

In this design, the support rods 21 extend in the inner space 44 of the foundation segment 4 to its upper edge, as can be clearly seen in figure 5. There, a foundation segment 4 with a single support rod 21 is shown in section. The support rod 21 is designed in several parts and has a support foot 210, an intermediate piece 211 and an end piece 212 with a foot plate 213. The support foot 210 serves to attach the support rod 21 to the upper flange 45 of the foundation segment 4. The intermediate piece 211 is connected on one side with the support foot 210 as well as with the end piece 212, for example through a threaded piece screwed into the area of an impact point 214 in the end piece 212. The impact point 214 is here above the row of holes 43 at a height which, after the complete casting of the foundation bed, is not covered with foundation material. As a result, only the end piece 212 of the support rod 21 is completely cast in, while the middle piece 211 and the support foot 210 can each be used again.

For better support for the foundation segment, the support rod 21 is passed through a ring 46 placed on the lower flange 42, as can also be seen in Figure 6.

Figure 7 shows the upper part of the support rod, i.e. a part of the intermediate piece 211 and also the support foot 210. The support foot 210 here comprises several parts for attaching the support rod 21 to the upper flange 45 on the foundation segment 4 and also to the height regulation respectively. the height adjustment while the foundation is being made. Above and below the circumferential flange 45 there is each a plate 22, 23. The lower plate 22 partially covers a screw 27 which, through the hole 47, grips through the upper flange 45 and connects the upper plate 23 on the support foot 210 with the foundation segment 4. Inside the foundation segment 4, two threaded rods 24 continue between the two plates 22, 23, which, with the help of the nuts 25, allow the position of the upper plate 23 to be adjusted in relation to the rest of the support foot 210. Here, a rod 26 attached to the upper slides the plate 23 in the middle piece 211 which serves as the outer tube. As the foundation segment 4 is connected to the upper plate 23, when the position of the upper plate 23 is changed, the entire foundation segment 4 is also moved in relation to the granulate layer 12.

The adjustment of the upper plate 23 can, for example, take place by the foundation segment 4 being lifted up with a suitable lifting device, e.g. a crane. In this way, the nuts 25 which appear on the underside of the upper plate 23 (see also Figure 8) can be adjusted until the desired position is reached. After the adjustment, the foundation segment 4 can be lowered again and is thus in the desired position. Thereby, while the foundation is being made in a simple way, a height adjustment or height adjustment of foundation segment be achieved.

Another design of a support rod according to the invention is shown seen from the front and from the side in Figures 9 and 10. As before, the end piece 212, as shown in Figure 5, is guided in a ring on the lower edge of the foundation section. What has also remained unchanged is that this end piece is molded into the foundation and is not used again. Here, the foundation is cast up to a height that is indicated in these figures with a line 217. To avoid the penetration of moisture, there are covers 215 which, after the part of the support rod that can be used again has been removed from the end pieces 212, are used to cover the now open end.

The upper part of this support rod is also largely the same as the support rod described above. There are two plates 22, 23, between which a threaded rod 24 with nuts is arranged. Seen from the front in figure 9, two threaded rods 24 with nuts 25 can be seen, seen from the side in figure 10 these lie flush behind each other, which is why only one threaded rod 24 with a nut 25 can be seen.1 figure 10 is also part of the upper plate 23 broken up and shows a through bore 28. Through this through bore 28 the plate 23 and thus the support rod can be connected to the upper flange of the foundation section.

In order to simplify the height regulation and further reduce the proportion of manual work, there is also a device between the two plates 22, 23 with a telescopic cylinder 29 and a telescopic rod 26. This cylinder can e.g. be operated pneumatically or hydraulically and thus allow easy adjustment of the foundation section connected to the support rod. The threaded rod 24 and the nut 25 serve in this design on the one hand to fix the initially hydraulically or pneumatically set position and on the other hand as "emergency operation", for also in the event of a failure in the hydraulics or pneumatics to still be able to set the foundation section manually.

In figure 11, in order to improve the overview, only the upper section of a support rod according to the invention is shown to the transition in the end piece 212. In this figure, the foundation section 4 is also indicated. This is connected to the upper plate 23. Furthermore, the rod 26 can be designed as a threaded rod which is stored rotatably at the lower end and is turned by an operating unit 216, so that the plate 23 with suitable threads can be moved vertically depending on the direction of rotation. Thus, the vertical position of the foundation segment 4 connected to the upper plate changes. The controls for such operating units as electric motors as well as the controls for the cylinders 26, 29 shown in Figures 9 and 10 are known, therefore a more detailed description is omitted here.

Figure 12 shows another design of a support rod according to the invention which allows a self-service setting of the support foot in a predetermined position. Also in this figure, for a better overview, only the upper section of the support rod according to the invention is shown. This is substantially similar to the construction for the variant shown in figures 9 and 10.

But in addition to the representation in figures 9 and 10, there is here a sensor 30. This has several light-sensitive elements 32 such as phototransistors, photoresistors or the like arranged in a housing 31. In addition, there could also be filters, or the light-sensitive elements 32 could be designed so that they only reacted at a preset frequency to reduce or prevent the influence of daylight or other light.

Thus, if there is a light source in a predetermined horizontal position, depending on how this light source is directed on one side and the setting of the support foot on the other side, the light from this light source hits the light-sensitive element 32. When this light is now sufficiently focused, only some light-sensitive elements 32 hit by the light. From this, the height setting position for the corresponding support foot relative to the light source can be derived. Thus, when the sensor 30 is in an unambiguously defined position and the light source also has an unambiguously defined position, the deviation of the light beam, which hits the sensor 30 from a predetermined position, can e.g. in the middle, be derived a setting quantity that can be used for the change of the height setting of the support foot. In this way, an automatic setting of the foundation section can take place.

An example of the device for this is shown in Figure 13. There is a foundation section 4 shown from above, where three support rods according to the invention are arranged on its inner side, offset by 120° in relation to each other. It is essential for this device that the setting for this foundation section orients itself on the upper flange, as this must be set exactly horizontally, while the setting of the lower flange on the foundation section is, for reasons that are easy to understand, of no importance. In the center of the foundation section 4 there is a light source 35 e.g. set up on a stand 36 and set exactly horizontally. This light source 35 can e.g. send out a laser beam 37 where the light, even at a greater distance, is still sufficiently collected and which runs around 360° in the foundation section.

Each of the three support feet is shown with its upper plate 23 firmly connected to the foundation section 4. Furthermore, the threaded rods 24 and also the operating unit 216 and the sensor 30 are shown. When the laser beam now runs around exactly horizontally, a signal is created in each sensor 30 which gives a reference to whether the support foot at this location is in the desired position or through operation of the operating unit 216 or must be regulated manually.

In practice, the height setting for the support foot will preferably take place so that first one support foot is brought to a predetermined position, that this support foot then remains unchanged and the setting of the foundation section 4 is then made over the other two support feet. Here, the sensor 30 can naturally influence the operating unit 216 directly via its output signal. On the other side, there may also be a central controller which assesses the sensor signal and issues appropriate signals for the operation of each of the assigned operating units 216.

Figure 14 shows a simplified example of a sensor 30. In this sensor, light-sensitive sensor elements 32 are arranged next to each other or over each other. To illustrate this, the sensor elements 32 are shown here as phototransistors. The outer cover of the transistor was omitted here for a better overview, but the person skilled in the art understands this without further ado. The collector of these phototransistors 32 is connected in parallel with a contact 51 to the power supply.

Depending on the position of the transistor in this sensor, the emitter of the transistor is connected to connections or forms a signal output. The emitters in this figure, shown as the upper nine transistors, are connected to the input connections of an OR circuit 50. The output of this circuit 50 is available as the signal output 52. The emitters of the lower, new phototransistors shown in this figure are likewise connected to the input connections of an OR connection 50, and their output 53 is also available as a signal output. The output of the middle phototransistor is directly available as signal output 54. Naturally, all outputs can also be routed through amplifier stages.

If the sensor 30 is built in so that the desired horizontal position is achieved when the middle sensor is illuminated, it can easily be deduced from this that when the light hits one of the phototransistors above this middle transistor, the sensor and thus the support foot are still set too low. Through the coupling 50, a signal arrives at the output 52 which triggers an upward adjustment of the support foot and thus the sensor. If the incident light hits a transistor below the middle phototransistor, it can be deduced from this that the support foot must be set lower. As soon as the middle phototransistor outputs a signal over the connection 54, this can be used as a "stop" signal to end the regulation of the support foot.

When the absolute height, e.g. above the sea surface for the upper flange of the foundation section is not strictly prescribed, an alternative method for the setting of the foundation section is also considered. Here, one of the support feet is first set to a desired height. The surrounding light beam will thus hit one of the light-sensitive elements 32. This sensor outputs a sensor signal that allows an inference back to the light-sensitive element 32 which is hit by the surrounding light beam and thus represents the setting height for the support foot. Such a signal can be an analogue signal, but also a digital signal, such as e.g. a binary coded signal. This signal can e.g. be brought to a central management. When now the two support feet that are still to be adjusted are adjusted so far that each of the assigned sensors gives out the same signal to this central control, i.e. until the same sensor element is hit by the light beam, then a horizontal adjustment of the foundation section is likewise realized.

Naturally, other designs of the sensors and a different type of setting for the support feet are also possible. For example, in one design, a reflective element is arranged on each support leg in the same height position which reflects an incoming light beam. In the center of the foundation section, not only is the light source arranged, but also a suitable receiver. Only when the light beam hits the reflective elements is a reflective light beam received by the receiver, which signals the correct height setting.

The invention is not limited to application to wind energy installations, but can basically be applied to any type of construction that has at least two segments for setting a stable foundation. Also the number, the arrangement and the specific design of the elements, especially the support rods shown in the figures can be varied.

Claims (20)

1. Support rod for use in a method of building a foundation for a structure comprising a plurality of segments, in particular for a tower of an energy installation, characterized by an outer tube (211) and a support foot (210) at one end of the support rod (21), where the support foot (210) has a rod (26) which can be displaced in the outer tube (211), a first plate (22) which is attached to the outer tube (211) and a second plate (23) attached to the rod (26), where the plates are connected by means of at least one threaded rod (24) to change the distance between the two plates (22, 23), and where the second plate (23) is configured for fixed connection to an element (4) to be supported. 2. Support rod according to claim 1, characterized wood foot plate (213) at the opposite end of the support rod (21) from the support foot (210). 3. Support rod according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by drive means (216), especially hydraulic or pneumatic drive means for adjusting the height of the support feet (110, 210). 4. Support rod according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized wood sensor (30), in particular an optical sensor placed on the support foot (110, 210), for receiving a transmitted signal and for generating a sensor signal containing information about the height setting of the support foot (110, 210). 5. Support rod according to claim 4, characterized in that the sensor (30) has a plurality of sensor elements (32) arranged along the longitudinal direction of the support rod. 6. Method for building a foundation for a structure comprising a plurality of segments, in particular for a tower (2) in a wind energy plant, where the method is characterized by the following steps: a) digging a foundation bed (13), b) building a stable , essentially flat and horizontal granule layer (12) in the foundation bed (13), c) placing a foundation segment (4) of the construction on the granule layer (12), where at least three support rods (11,21) with adjustable height according to any of claims 1 to 5, is distributed over and firmly attached to the foundation segment (4) by means of a respective support foot (110) attached to the end of the support rods (11, 21), in such a way that only the support rods (11, 21) are set down on predetermined support points (14) for the granulate layer (12), d) to prepare a reinforcement on the granulate layer, e) to cast the rest of the foundation bed with foundation material, especially concrete, to a level above the lower edge of the foundation segment (4). 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the support rods (11) are each attached by means of the support plates (110) to a flange (42) placed on the underside (41) of the foundation segment (4). 8. Method according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that height adjustment of the support rods (11), each of which has an internally threaded rod (114), is carried out by means of a height adjustment device arranged at the lower end of the support rods (11) against the granulate layer (12). 9. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that support rods (21) are each attached to a flange (45) which extends into the upper edge of the foundation segment (4). 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the support rods (21) are guided through eyes (46) which are attached to the lower edge of the foundation segment (4) and extend into the foundation segment (4). 11. Method according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that, for casting the rest of the foundation bed with foundation material, the foundation bed is first cast approximately up to the lower edge of the foundation segment (4), then any height adjustment of the foundation segment (4) is carried out and then the rest of the foundation bed is cast. 12. Method according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the support points (14) on the granulate layer (12) are mechanically reinforced. 13. Method according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the reinforcement is woven through the holes (43) which are placed in the side walls of the foundation segment (4), and casting of the rest of the foundation bed (13) with the foundation material is carried out to a height such that the holes (43) are covered by the foundation material. 14. Method according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that for setting the height of support feet (110 210), measurement of the relevant height setting of the individual support feet takes place using a suitable measuring device, in particular an optical measuring device. 15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that in order to set the height of the support feet (110, 210), a height measurement signal, in particular a bundled light beam (35), is sent in a horizontal direction from a transmitter arm direction (35) arranged in the interior of the foundation segment (4), in particular from a light source, to the support foot (110, 210) which is equipped with a corresponding sensor (30), in particular an optical sensor, a sensor signal is generated by the sensors (30), where each signal contains information about the height setting of the corresponding support foot (110, 210 ), and the height of the associated support foot (110, 210) is set as a function of the sensor signal that is generated. 16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the height of the support feet (110, 210) is set using a controlled driver (216), where the sensor signals are generated by the sensors (30) and evaluated for control. 17. Foundation segment for a structure comprising a plurality of segments, especially for a tower tile energy installation, characterized in that at least three support rods (11,21) which are adjustable in height according to any of claims 12 to 16 are distributed over and firmly connected to the foundation segment (4) by means of a respective support foot (110, 210) attached to the end of the support rods (21), for lowering the foundation segment (4) on support points (14) to a granulate layer (12) in a foundation bed (13). 18. Foundation segment according to claim 17, characterized in that the holes, in particular a circumferential row of holes (43), are placed in the side walls of the foundation segment (4) so that reinforcing steel can be passed through to provide a mechanical connection between the reinforcement and the foundation segment (4). 19. Wind energy installation with a tower (2) comprising a plurality of segments, where the lowest segment is a base segment (4) according to claim 17 or 18. 20. Energy installation with a tower comprising a plurality of segments, where the foundation (5) of the tower (2) is produced with a method according to any one of claims 6-16.