NO336814B1 - Turbine technology and offshore power plants for general increase and conversion of kinetic sea energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power plant for general focusing and conversion of kinetic sea energy from waves, tidal waves and ocean currents in common technical solutions. Vertically positioned power plant modules (17) and associated module legs (18) together with intermediate cleaver turbines (1, 2) and turbine cores or interconnecting devices (6, 6a) form a power plant unit (32) with a power conversion channel (21) for three types of garden energy. The primary energy conversion of the power plant takes place by means of the horizontal shaft turbines (1) and concentric shaft turbines (2) with movable and elastic axial or radial shafts (3, 4, 5) attached to turbine arms (7), turbine surfaces (8, 9) or (10). The cleat turbines (1, 2) maintain the direction of rotation regardless of the alternating directions of the sea energy, have direct induction or further energy conversion within the power plant modules. The elastic flaps (3, 4, 5) alternately store kinetic sea energy as potential energy for later releasing the performance to extend the working phase and rotation. The power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of the sea area to accelerate and structure the complex movement patterns of the sea masses, lengthens the movement range and increases the energy content to the square of the new movement velocities of the water masses. Furthermore, the power plant comprises a jointed and flexible tidal and storm surge anchorage (26, 27, 27a, 27b, 28), controllable energy compression devices (22) and wave reflecting flow wall (23). The power plant can also be combined with energy storage, wind turbines, solar energy, OTEC and integrate aquaculture and port facilities into energy islands, submarine and overseas bridge connections.

Description

The present invention relates to a power plant for the general increase and transformation of kinetic ocean energy from waves, tidal waves and ocean currents in common technical solutions.

Over the last hundred years, significant new knowledge and theories related to ocean energy have come to light. Research and numerous pilot and experimental projects have been carried out all over the world. Proposed solutions for transforming wave energy can be divided into 5-10 groups according to type of technology, location, end use of energy and size of power plant. Four classic main groups within the transformation of ocean waves, divided according to the size of the facilities are; point absorber, attenuator, installation for "oscillating water columns" and determiner.

The primary energy conversion that takes place by the wave activity most often drives a piston device that creates hydrodynamic or pneumatic energy that must undergo secondary energy conversion by means of a turbine or hydraulic motor before tertiary energy conversion can be provided by power-producing generators.

A point absorber is most often a buoy device on or just below the sea surface that moves with the wave activity and activates a piston in a cylinder that is anchored to the seabed, such as the Australian company Carnegie's underwater buoy. Some point absorbers have a gas- or liquid-filled bag that utilizes the pressure variations during the propagating movements of the waves. The buoys can have internal generators like the Norwegian "Lifesaver". The Finnish-made "Wave Roller" buoy is also a point absorber which internally has vertical axis eccentric devices that drive generators.

The wave rig of the Irish company "Ocean Energy" and the Norwegian "Havkraft rig" belong to the group of attenuators or wave dampers that utilize pressure variations that occur in chambers above the waves or inside inclined channels where the waves themselves are pistons and create wind power that drives air turbines . The Scottish wave power plant "Limpet" transforms on a larger scale the wind power that arises from the movements of oscillating water columns inside facilities in the coastal zone. The primary energy conversion for the last three devices is from ocean wave energy to wind power and further energy transport and transfer takes place by alternating air flow to secondary energy conversion. What attenuators and oscillating systems have in common is that they use so-called "Wells turbines" which cause rotating mechanical energy to the tertiary energy conversion, which are essentially electrical generators.

Determinators are preferably large and extend parallel to the wave front. Of this type, Scottish "Oysters" can be mentioned, which are a bottom-anchored and articulated flat formation that moves in and out in the waves and drives piston devices that create hydraulic energy that is connected to turbines and generators on land for the production of final energy.

From WO 2013/171551 Al, a vane is known which has a circularly arranged row of rigid flaps which are hinged to surfaces perpendicular to the central body or between such surfaces and where the core is mounted on or between modules. Further prior art in this field is known from the publications US 5844323 A, DE 102008003764 A1, GB 250243 A, EP 2735729 A1, US 2010/0284808 A1 and WO 01/92720 A1.

For the transformation of tidal waves and ocean currents, there are also many different variants of mainly traditional turbines with three flaps that have been developed for installation on the seabed. Some turbines rotate 180 degrees when the tide changes, other turbines rotate their blades and a third main group has blades that rotate the same way under alternating flow directions. Turbines for tides and ocean currents often have a higher degree of efficiency because the primary energy conversion takes place at the flaps in the sea, and the performance is transferred as rotating mechanical energy directly to the generator. Among the above-mentioned groups, for example, the tidal turbines of the Scottish company "Meygen" and Norwegian "Hammerfest Strøm" can be mentioned. Furthermore, there are tidal turbines that rotate internally in a horizontally aligned cylindrical structure and turbines with flaps that are mounted to a vertically aligned ring-shaped device.

The objections to existing technologies for transforming ocean kinetic energy can mainly be summarized as the fact that they do not utilize several of the ocean's movement resources at the same time. Valuable amounts of energy from ocean waves and tidal waves always occur in the same waters and power components from ocean currents are included in what we often refer to as tidal currents.

In addition, there is the fact that the specific energy conversion, from either ocean waves or tidal waves, has a relatively low degree of efficiency and a high investment per kW average annual production. Furthermore, existing solutions have clear limitations in terms of capacity and size and cannot survive in isolation or be included in combinations with other energy systems and installations on the open sea. The vast majority of wave power plants have been developed to be able to be built and function as small power plants in coastal areas. In addition, the energy systems for transforming wave energy will not transform the other kinetic ocean energy in the area that is generated from tidal waves and ocean currents.

Energy plants for transforming tidal waves and ocean currents are often installed on the seabed, where these forms of kinetic energy have their lowest values. In addition, they transform little or no energy from the ocean waves in the same area.

The general objection about low efficiency is primarily due to the poor effect of the primary and secondary energy conversion. In addition, there is usually a tertiary energy transformation into final energy in the form of electrical generators. Further energy losses have already occurred during the energy transport between these units before final connection to the electricity grid.

In most ocean areas there is a combination of waves, tidal waves and ocean currents. The energy content of the sea has large variations during a calendar year and the average energy content from one sea area to another can show significant differences for many reasons. Energy from tidal waves has its cycles during the day and the season. Variations in the average energy content over the course of a year, for ocean waves, can vary from 20-30 kW per meter along the wave front to around 100 kW/m in certain sea areas.

Ocean waves, tidal waves and ocean currents are movement energy, or performance in the form of water masses that follow complicated and uncomplicated movement patterns that are integrated into each other. Different known technical solutions for transforming ocean kinetic energy have in common that they try to exploit "their" special part of the movements in the sea. In what follows, it will be explained how a technical solution can utilize all the complex movements in the sea in its transformation into a different performance.

The waves propagating over the sea surface represent the challenging complexity of this composite image. The upper part of the water masses in a wave moves vertically, but there is also a force component in the direction of propagation. Further down, there are more horizontal pendulum movements that supply the wave crests and make wave troughs possible. Increasing wave heights have mainly increasing wavelengths. The energy, mass velocity or force in the movement of the sea masses travels 1A wavelength down into the sea, but over 90% of this energy is collected in the upper 1/4 of the wavelength. A little below the wave valleys is the transition area where the up and down wave motion is close to the more horizontal back and forth oscillation. This exchange area moves up into the sea at decreasing wave heights and goes much deeper at increasing wave heights. In addition, there are often several wave directions at the same time (chaotic waves) and there are constantly varying wave heights, wavelengths and frequencies.

What further reinforces or increases the energy in many waters and sea areas are strong tidal currents that regularly change direction several times a day. Ocean currents in some waters and sea areas will coincide with a tidal direction and amplify the resultant, then reduce the flow speed in the opposite direction.

In summary, it is important to note that each of the three forms of ocean kinetic energy; wave activity, tidal waves and ocean currents have their greatest amounts of energy in the upper part of the sea and the sum will therefore definitely be greatest here. In some areas, ocean currents far below the surface can have different speeds and directions. The composition of the kinetic energy picture is in continuous movement and change.

It is the later decades of research, testing and development that are the basis for producing the new technical solutions for the general increase and transformation of three forms of ocean kinetic energy into joint technical solutions. The new technical solutions also take as their starting point the principles of how the anatomy and physiology of the human heart creates hydrodynamic energy in a closed circuit and apply these principles to the design of the available new technical solutions for intervening in and reshaping kinetic ocean energy under more open conditions.

As mentioned, the kinetic ocean energy consists of several different movement patterns that are completely integrated into each other. Coinciding directions can increase mass velocity in shorter phases or over longer periods of time and can similarly have opposite effects. As the movement patterns are integrated into each other, it is appropriate to be able to transform the kinetic ocean energy into common technical solutions that handle any combination and variation in energy deposits within selected sizes and values.

In the work to find the new technical solutions for energy transformation from three forms of kinetic ocean energy into common technical solutions, the wave energy's composition and variation in energy content represent the biggest challenge, and will often be decisive for the design, dimensioning and installed capacity of a power plant. The movement speed of tidal waves and ocean currents, as well as the waves' vertical movement, is mainly in the order of 1-5 m/sec. But the forward propagation of ocean waves has about 5-10 times higher speed in the horizontal direction than the vertical movements from wave trough to wave crest, and both take place at the same time.

In connection with the development of the present invention, the aim has been to enable: - to capture the complex energy transport in the sea in a way that makes it possible to transform a variety of mass velocity components into sizes and

directions to other forms of performance

- structuring the directions of the force components to become more parallel to vertical planes

increasing the speed of all mass velocity components so that the effect and efficiency of the energy conversion will be higher than what has previously

been possible

- a better utilization of the kinetic energy of surrounding sea areas

- that the transformation of the kinetic energy's various components in its entirety can take place directly in the sea under the complex and varying changes of the water masses

movements

- design of power plants for energy production in the MW and GW class outside coastal areas - storage or alternative use of ocean energy inside or at the power plant with the intention of achieving a higher total production and degree of utilization - adjustable increase of ocean energy inside the power plant, so that periods of low occurrence can to some extent be compensated with a higher energy content in a smaller part of the plant - that the power plant has sufficient mass and stability in relation to energy conversion from the relevant ocean wave spectrum - that the power plant can maintain its position on the sea surface under changing tide levels

that the power plant can follow wave movements with an energy content that goes far beyond

the plant's production capacity

The most important challenges, requirements and criteria for solutions that form the basis for the development of the existing power plant have been:

- A range of different power components

Strongly varying combinations of wave directions

- Complex energy patterns in movement and change

Largest ocean kinetic energy in the upper part of the ocean

- Need to effect wave diffraction and wave refraction

- Variations in ocean kinetic energy from lower than the desired resource base to far beyond energy needs

- Potentially destructive mega waves and 100-year wave

- Significant tidal differences coinciding with extreme wave heights Large amounts of kinetic energy in the surrounding sea area that do not

is utilized

- Requirements for degree of utilization and efficiency in energy conversion

- Criteria for turning movement or rotation in the primary energy conversion

- Criteria for selectable size of the device's torque

- Criteria for gradual and continuous energy conversion

- The criteria that it is mainly the number of energy converters that must be increased in case of greater power demand

- Requirements for offshore localization to be possible

- Requirements for longevity and coping with extreme conditions at sea

- Requirement for financial profitability

In addition, in some waters and sea areas there are further challenges and a need for solutions which entail and require that the power plant must: - have the capacity to transform so-called transitional waves into normal ocean waves

have the capacity for extreme tidal variations and mega-waves

- designed for tsunami waves, seiche and tidal waves

- designed to be included in synergistic combinations with other energy systems

- could be combined with further solutions

On this background, a flap turbine has been provided for general increase and transformation of kinetic ocean energy as defined in the independent main claim 1 and a power plant as defined in the independent claim 12. Further embodiments of the flap turbine and the power plant are defined in the non-independent claims.

On figure sheet 38 in the attached figures, the common principles for the functioning of the human heart are illustrated. The heart produces hydrodynamic energy in a closed circuit, and the flap turbines that engage and transform ocean kinetic energy in more open conditions. The heart valves 3 open immediately with correct flow directions and maintain the open position until the pressure conditions change and close immediately when the pressure becomes higher on the opening side than on the inside of the valves. The "tricuspid turbine" as shown in the middle has six flaps 3 which are oriented with the same closing direction and are mounted on turbine arms 7 and fixed around a central shaft 6. Such a turbine will rotate in the same direction under conditions of ocean waves, tidal waves and ocean current. The present invention comprises the more technical flap turbine on the right of the figure sheet which is arranged with elastic flaps which in the working phase are pressed into curvatures on the turbine arms. Furthermore, support rings and outer support rings are included in the construction of the flap turbine.

A flap turbine is thus provided for converting ocean kinetic energy from ocean waves, tidal waves and ocean currents, where the flap turbine comprises a plurality of flaps which are rotatably or movably attached to the flap turbine so that the position of each flap is set individually between a closed position and an open position in response to the pressure in the water around each individual flap and independently of the other flaps. The flaps are designed in an elastic material so that the flap ends have a springy effect across the longitudinal direction of the flaps under varying loads.

Preferably, the at least one flap turbine comprises a plurality of turbine arms or at least one turbine disc with cutouts or suspensions for the flaps in the circumferential direction of the flap turbine. Preferably, in the circumferential direction, there will be several turbine arms and/or turbine discs with cut-outs or support for the flaps in the longitudinal direction of the flap turbine. Flaps can be oriented respectively in the longitudinal direction of the turbine and with more radially oriented turbine arms, or the flaps can be more radially oriented with or without longitudinal turbine arms.

The flap turbine is preferably arranged with at least two flaps which are arranged wholly or partially outside each other in a radial extent from the axis of rotation of the flap turbine.

The flap turbine can further preferably comprise a plurality of turbine arms for rotatable or movable storage of the flaps.

The flap turbine can further comprise a plurality of turbine arms in the circumferential direction of the flap turbine and at least two turbine arms in the longitudinal direction of the flap turbine for each turbine arm in the circumferential direction.

The turbine arms can also be arranged with respective pendulum arms, on which pendulum arms a plurality of flaps are rotatably or movably supported.

The flaps can have a curved shape or can assume a curved shape in a cross-section normal to the longitudinal direction of the flaps.

The flaps can comprise two parts which are rotatably supported about a common axis of rotation in the longitudinal direction of the flaps.

The turbine arms or pendulum arms are preferably designed with recesses with a shape that corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the flaps, and the flaps are preferably stored so that they lie in their respective recesses in their working positions.

The flap turbine can be designed with an open core and the turbine arms can then be supported on support rings with a short axial extent so that water can flow radially and axially through the at least one flap turbine core. The flap turbine can alternatively be designed with a closed core, preferably in the form of a cylindrical element.

The at least one flap turbine can further comprise two or more concentric turbines which rotate in the same direction or in opposite directions.

A power plant is also provided for converting kinetic ocean energy from sea waves, tidal waves and ocean currents, where the power plant includes: - at least two power plant modules (17, 18) which are arranged next to each other so that a power conversion channel (21) is formed between them, and - at least one flap turbine (1,2) as described above, where the at least one flap turbine is arranged in the power conversion channel (21) and is rotatably stored in the power plant modules (17, 18).

Each power plant module preferably comprises at least one leg which, seen from the side, is inclined or vertical in relation to a horizontal plane, and one or more flap turbines are rotatably stored in corresponding legs on two power plant modules which are arranged next to each other.

Each power plant module may comprise two legs which, seen from the side, are inclined or vertical in relation to a horizontal plane, and one or more flap turbines are rotatably supported in corresponding legs on two power plant modules which are arranged next to each other.

The power plant modules, seen from the front, are preferably mainly vertical in relation to a horizontal plane.

At least one of the power plant modules can be arranged with at least one movable plate element for compressing the kinetic ocean energy against the at least one flap turbine.

The power plant modules may comprise a hull-shaped, upper part to which the inclined legs are attached and which preferably at least partially protrudes above the surface of the water when the power plant is in use.

The power plant preferably comprises at least one joint element which is movably attached at one end to a power plant module or module leg on one of the power plant's power plant modules and its other end is rotatably attached to an anchor element on the seabed when the power plant is in use.

The power plant can be designed so that it is anchored with at least one joint element to another power plant as described above, where the two ends of the joint elements are preferably movably attached to the respective power plants.

A power plant has thus been provided for the general increase and transformation of

kinetic ocean energy from ocean waves, tidal waves and ocean currents which preferably comprises at least two power plant modules which are arranged next to each other so that a power conversion channel is formed between them. The power plant further comprises at least one flap turbine which is arranged in the power conversion channel, and which is rotatably arranged between the power plant modules. The at least one flap turbine comprises a plurality of flaps preferably distributed around the flap turbine and outside of each other and which are rotatably or movably attached to the flap turbine so that the position of each flap is set individually between a closed position and an open position in response to the pressure in the water around each individual flap and independent of the other flaps.

A power plant for general increase and conversion of ocean kinetic energy, according to the invention, has, in addition to power plant modules and anchoring devices, a number of flap turbines that can work at idle when there are only tidal waves, ocean currents and moderate wave activity. With increasing wave heights, the speed of all the turbines increases and the energy production increases linearly. In the event of a further increase in wave heights, more energy-producing units can be gradually activated.

The function of the new power plant enables the maintenance of the motion cycles of the ocean kinetic energy during continuous and step-by-step energy conversion into another form of performance using a plurality of units for primary energy converters described as flap turbines. This reduces unnecessary loss of mass velocity during the step-by-step process to other performance, increases overall efficiency and strengthens the economics of power production from kinetic ocean energy.

Excess production can be stored in various ways or used for energy-intensive production in or connected to the power plant.

One of the main criteria for the development of the existing power plant has been to achieve a powerful turning movement or directional and sustained rotation already during the primary energy conversion, regardless of the kinetic ocean energy's complex movement patterns and large variations in energy content. The construction principles and operation of flap turbines provide an optimized power distribution from all forms and combinations of hydrodynamic energy sources for rotation in the selected direction of rotation.

Another main criterion has been that the power plant units must not be too large, as it is physically demanding to grasp the extent and movements of the water masses, both at short and long wavelengths with the associated variation of energy down into the sea. Mutual speed variations in more voluminous sea masses are a challenge in themselves, and in particular in relation to rotating primary energy converters. It is therefore important that you preferably increase the number of energy conversion units if you want significantly greater energy production. At the same time, a significantly higher degree of efficiency is achieved. It is only through repeated processes that it is possible to transform a multitude of different power components into a high degree of efficiency without causing unfavorable reflection and changing flow directions. Remaining movement energy after an energy transformation becomes the input value for the next corresponding process and more energy transforming units provide better utilization of the resource base and higher total capacity. Each individual energy converter which is preferably part of a larger group of flap turbines will individually have a higher rotation speed. Overall, this will result in more even energy production as a lower resource base gets a higher degree of efficiency, and large deposits are utilized in relation to maximum installed capacity.

The following conditions have been particularly emphasized during the development of the present invention: a. The density of water is about 838 times greater than that of air b. Unaffected movement speed of the ocean's kinetic energy varies mainly

between 1 m/sec to 5 m/sec

c. In open water, about 90% of the energy in ocean waves is located in the upper

L/4, where L is the wavelength

d. The energy in tidal waves and ocean currents is mainly greatest in the upper part of

the sea

e. The ocean's kinetic energy increases to the square of any higher achieved

movement speed

f. The wave spectrum and maximum variants within significant wave height

represents an enormous challenge in its energy content

g. The complexity in the composition of wave directions and other interactions

variations in the three forms of ocean kinetic energy

h. The structuring potential by enabling movements in the same plane i. Large tidal variations and tidal waves come independently of

the ocean wave activity and can enhance or reduce the energy content

j. The power plant's ability to master the largest wave heights included in

the calculation of the relevant sea area's significant wave height

k. Occasional need for greater energy production than actual ocean kinetic energy i

the moment dictates

1. Enable the maintenance of maximum energy production under wave conditions that far exceed installed capacity

m. The possibilities for temporary storage of kinetic energy as potential energy during the energy transformation, for compensation and utilization of extraordinary mass velocity components

Power plant units and power conversion channels.

A fundamental prerequisite for an offshore power plant is that the constructional starting point in the sea enables and ensures coping with extreme weather situations based on measurements and calculations for the area in question. In practice, this will most often mean that the largest ocean waves that are included in the calculation of significant wave height, mega-waves and 100-year waves must be emphasized when calculating structural strength for a sufficiently long life.

Power plants for the general increase and transformation of ocean kinetic energy can have many different sizes depending on wave conditions and location in an ocean area. One and the same power plant can have several types of vertical power plant modules which are divided into primary modules, intermediate smaller secondary and tertiary modules. All module sizes can preferably, but not necessarily, have internal cavities for power transmission and further energy conversion in addition to other technical installations. For example, exchange devices, electrical generators and regulation systems can in this way be mounted in the immediate vicinity of the primary energy transformation that takes place on the outside of power plant modules. Both hollow and massive power plant modules can be used, which are structurally interconnected by means of flap turbines with and without turbine cores or other transverse connection between the modules. Stress-absorbing connection between the main components can be made possible, for example, by both sides of the turbine cores going partially into the power plant modules and connected by intermediate elastic and shock-absorbing material that enables some movement in several or all directions. The turbine cores and their outer ends can be cylindrical, have a conical shape or have a short superimposed "locking" cylinder, be completely or partially spherical, and can also have a continuous conical locking pin that is completely or partially enclosed by corresponding elastic and shock-absorbing material. Inside the turbine cores there can preferably be cavities for rotating mechanical energy in addition to cavities for cabling and pipes between the modules. The largest turbine cores imaginable offer the possibility of passenger passage and even transport operations in connection with energy bridges.

All types of power plant modules cause wave diffraction and wave refraction, as well as structuring of the kinetic ocean energy, and together with the turbine cores, all these structural elements contribute to a permanent increase in the energy level between the power plant modules where a number of simple and/or concentric flap turbines are installed.

Along the sea surface, a power plant module can have a sufficient length for the desired number of flap turbines and any other integrated facilities. It can be advantageous to construct modular legs in front and aft as part of a power plant module. These legs can point outwards towards incoming ocean energy and can preferably have an angle of around 30-60 degrees, but the angle can be both significantly larger and smaller.

Power plant modules and module legs can be structurally divided into various smaller elements that have stress-absorbing material in their joints similar to what was previously described in connection with modules and turbine cores.

Module height, width, thickness and depth must be assessed in relation to the wave conditions and other kinetic ocean energy in each individual body of water.

Two power plant modules and intermediate turbines and turbine cores form a power plant unit with an intermediate power conversion channel. Each power plant unit is preferably connected to neighboring modules and forms a larger power plant. The power plant units can also be designed so that they can move up and down under strong waves regardless of the vertical positions and movements of the neighboring units. Power plants built in this way, in principle, have vertically divided power plant modules and module legs with flat surfaces and connection profiles that slide in relation to each other. For certain waters, some power plant units may be vertically oscillating and others may be permanently connected or have stress-absorbing devices.

Flap turbines with and without cores and concentric turbine solutions.

The size or diameter and type of flap turbine can vary in relation to the energy supply, the location of the turbine and the total number of turbines in the power plant. A standard size of flap turbines can also be used over the entire energy plant, despite the fact that the kinetic ocean energy in general, and the wave energy in particular, have their greatest values in the upper % of the wavelength. With a background of great variation in wavelengths and wave heights, it can be advantageous to have groups of smaller flap turbines at the top and slightly set back in the inlet to the power conversion channel. At a level below these and further forward in the power conversion channel, there may preferably be flap turbines with a larger diameter. Deeper down, the diameters can again be reduced somewhat. The flap turbines will not distinguish between the kinetic ocean energy's various compositions such as waves, tidal waves and ocean currents. A number of such flap turbines will therefore capture a significant proportion of total kinetic ocean energy in the waters in question.

The directions of movement that are not parallel to the extent of the power conversion channel will change direction when ocean waves, tidal waves or ocean currents reach the power plant. The propagating movement or direction of propagation of the waves will be changed by disturbances caused by the legs of the modules and the flap turbines which cause refraction and diffraction. The wave speed is reduced for the part of the wave front that first reaches the power plant and we get deflection by refraction. In addition, there is the effect of diffraction, the characteristic property of waves to change direction when they pass an object in the sea. The deflection of the waves is possible with an angle of up to 90 degrees and means that even sea waves propagating forward towards the offshore power plant across the extent of the energy plant will change direction as the waves reach the energy plant's first power plant module, to finally go almost straight in in the power conversion channels where a number of flap turbines are responsible for the primary energy conversion. Regardless of the complexity of the water masses in composition and variation of energy and directions of movement, the flap turbines will capture the various power components as these are or become coincident with the direction of rotation of one or more flap turbines. The movements of the water masses and changes in local pressure conditions close the flaps of the flap turbines and capture the mass velocity if the movement speed is greater than the individual turbine's rotation speed at the moment. The mass velocity components that have too low movement speeds to affect the fastest front turbines will give up some of the mass velocity to a later turbine row together with other power components that were reduced when passing turbines in front. For example, parts of the waves' movement speeds may coincide with the resultant of a tidal wave and the horizontal movement of the ocean current. In such situations, flaps along several turbine arms will close at the same time and contribute to the turbines' rotation by transforming several forms of kinetic ocean energy at the same time. The first turbines "take down" the differences in movement speeds, or more precisely, they reduce the fastest mass velocity components by energy conversion and all movement speeds in different vertical directions become more and more uniform. Gradually, the composite kinetic energy decreases during passage through a number of flap turbines in the power conversion channel.

For the flap turbines, the number of revolutions per minute will increase with increasing energy from tidal waves and ocean currents and further increase with increasing wave activity. For most practical purposes, we can say that the speed of tidal waves, ocean currents and the waves' vertical movements are in the order of 1-5 m/sec. However, the horizontal propagation of ocean waves has a speed around 5-10 times higher than vertical movement from wave trough to wave crest, and both take place at the same time.

Flap turbines preferably have many turbine arms, pendulum arms, turbine discs or other suspension device for one or more flaps with or without curved recesses. Structural elements such as turbine arms and turbine discs contribute with their flat extents parallel to the extent of the power conversion channel, to further structuring the kinetic ocean energy.

Each turbine arm or other suspension device can have one or preferably several elastic or inelastic flaps which can be single, double or multiple. In the open position, the flaps slide in the ocean as slender flat formations or hydrodynamic designs against any current that is different from the turbine's current direction and speed of rotation. The part of sea masses in motion that coincides with the direction of rotation and is faster than the rotational speed of the flap turbine in the area where the force affects the flaps' surfaces will immediately cause them to close and initiate the working phase where a large area in front of the turbine arms captures the mass velocity. Often, several rows of flaps on the same turbine will work synchronously and provide a larger overall pressure surface that drives turbines and generates the desired final energy. The flaps can be divided into suitable lengths and widths as the entire extent of the turbine surface is not necessarily activated. Sometimes only a few flaps will close, other times several turbine surfaces will close at the same time. An increasing number of narrower flaps along a turbine arm or suspension device lengthens the working phase by shortening the intermediate phase. Wide and narrow flaps react equally quickly to changes in the movements of sea masses and pressure conditions, but the flaps' travel path is shorter for narrower than for wide flaps. However, the hydrodynamic resistance in the rest phase can increase somewhat for flap turbines with many narrow flaps. The flaps can also be double or multiple, with an equal or unequal number of flaps on each side of the opening and closing axis. Flap widths and design in general can vary in one or more planes. For example, the outer edge of the flaps can be sinusoidal and double or multiple flaps can be partially phase shifted in relation to each other to make opening the flaps easier in the intermediate phase. Different distance bodies can be arranged between or next to one or more flaps to cause flap movement in the desired direction and to give the flaps hydrodynamic shape in the resting phase and to contribute to a faster initiation of the intermediate phase and transition to the working phase. The spacers can be elastic and, among other things, allow the flaps to be pressed together a little in the resting phase so that the intermediate phase is initiated by the flaps being pushed apart and spread out to each side. The work phase begins with increasing wave activity, tidal waves and ocean currents that coincide with the flap turbines' rotation speed and the flaps' work phases.

The direction of rotation for each individual turbine can coincide or be opposite to the direction in which neighboring turbines rotate. Flap turbines at complete standstill may have blades that occupy a rest position that deviates somewhat from the tangential position. At complete standstill, the flaps can form a small angle with the tangent through the flap's suspension point so that the flap points somewhat inwards in the direction of the center of the flap turbine.

Often, the directions of rotation can be organized in groups according to the location of the turbines in the power plant. Only water masses with directions of movement and velocities affecting one or more flaps will transfer ocean kinetic energy or kinetic energy during the primary energy conversion. In the case of larger energy deposits, the forces will cause flaps to be pressed and bent into their curved support fields on turbine arms, pendulum arms or turbine discs with recesses for the flaps' movements. In this way, the elastic flaps store kinetic energy as potential energy down in the sea as part of the primary energy conversion, in order to release accumulated static energy in the next phase for further rotation of the turbine by extending the duration of the working phase and the length of the working path. Deeper curvature with increasing occurrences of kinetic ocean energy simultaneously increases the flap's structural strength and ability to withstand the increasing load. Storing different power components as potential energy also helps to balance the differences in the power components that affect a flap turbine.

Continuous activation of pressure surfaces in the form of flaps that alternate between work phase and rest phase, can collectively amount to several times the area of the wavelength and the extent of the power plant. It is the difference between the pressure on the front and back of the flaps that determines the performance along with the duration.

Some flap turbines can be constructed without bearing against a centrally located turbine core or center shaft. In many contexts it may be appropriate to use a number of flap turbines without a tubular core or central shaft because such structures to some extent disturb the movement cycles of the kinetic ocean energy. The complex movement cycles of the sea masses can thus pass through the center area relatively undisturbed during step-by-step primary energy conversion where a majority of flap turbines are included. A self-supporting turbine structure can be built up in many different ways to withstand alternating dynamic forces during continuous rotation. This type of flap turbine can, for example, have different longitudinal band structures in and outside the center area. These can be prestressed between the outer sides of the turbine or between the power plant modules. Flap turbines may have one or more annular support devices connecting turbine arms in the same plane of rotation. Furthermore, inner and outer spiral bands and X-bands can be included in the construction structure. Construction elements such as turbine discs and center discs are parallel to the power plant modules and can extend into the center area, even if the flaps do not necessarily extend towards the central part of the turbine. Flap turbines can have pendulum arms with corresponding flaps that are described for turbine arms. A pendulum arm is preferably mounted eccentrically on the turbine arm with more than half its length on the inside of the pivot point. With this construction solution, the turbine arms do not necessarily have their own directly mounted flaps. During the working phase, a pendulum arm can approximately change its angle by 30-90 degrees in relation to a rotating turbine arm. Pendulum arms can also be used on flap turbines with turbine cores and on concentric turbines that rotate outside of each other. The speed increase of the water masses just outside a closed turbine core will often produce the largest pendulum movements. In the working phase, pendulum arms move more parallel to the movement of the water masses and can increase the rotation speed of flap turbines by mass velocity components towards the inner and longest part of the pendulum arm or vector arm causing the outer part of the arm to move in the opposite direction. All the pendulum arms can, for example, be connected to an X-band which forms a cylindrical support structure parallel to the extent of the flap turbine. Eccentric pivot bearing of the pendulum arm itself against the turbine arm can stretch out the X-bands on the side or sides that have flaps in the working phase. This will both store additional kinetic energy as potential energy and extend the work phase and, in the intermediate phase, help bring the pendulum arm back to its starting position in the rest phase.

As the amounts of power in kinetic ocean energy vary greatly in all waters, it is necessary that many flap turbines participate in the step-by-step energy conversion. It is a prerequisite for achieving a high degree of efficiency in both small and large energy deposits. A larger number of flap turbines increases the total capacity and more energy from tidal waves and ocean currents can be transformed while raising production to a higher level in periods of large occurrences of wave energy. All the time, the energy level of each of the three forms of ocean kinetic energy is higher inside the power conversion channels.

In case of high energy deposits, all the flap turbines will increase their rotation speeds during the primary energy conversion and transfer the performance to further secondary energy conversion which can produce the desired final energy with up to full installed capacity. It will mainly be the case that all three forms of kinetic ocean energy are included in common energy conversion, but in certain periods only some sequences will have coincident movement direction and speed. However, there will be many days where ocean waves alone account for the power plant's entire energy production because the waves' movement speed and energy far exceed the movement speeds of tidal waves and ocean currents even in periods where the latter two flow directions coincide.

In principle, flap turbines can be stored in many different ways. For example, the turbines can be stored between three smaller wheels that form a 120 degree angle with each other. The wheels can be mounted on shafts which simultaneously transfer the rotating mechanical energy from preferably large wheels on each side of a flap turbine to further energy conversion inside the power plant modules. Concentric flap turbines can be stored in the same way with corresponding power transmission where the turbines that rotate outside of each other are connected with intermediate wheels and shafts. There are also many other possible constructional solutions for the storage of flap turbines and further transmission of the energy, whether the turbines are with or without cores or have external storage. Such energy transfer can also be hydraulic or pneumatic. Simple and concentric flap turbines can also have direct induction, where the installation of induction devices can be between fixed and rotating areas on modules and turbines, or in various ways utilize the double speed difference between shorter parts of a turbine that rotate in opposite directions.

Flap turbines for power plants according to the present invention can be built up in numerous ways and can preferably be comprised of one or more of the following devices and properties:

1. With or without turbine core

2. Turbine core that has internal bias

3. Internal bias without turbine core

4. Turbine flaps that are horizontal, radially oriented or inclined in relation to the turbine's longitudinal extent and radial plane 5. Single, double or multiple elastic or inelastic and movable flaps of different or equal lengths and widths 6. Sinusoidal flaps or flaps that have a different design of projections and which are single, double or multiple flaps that are up to halfway phase-shifted i

relative to each other and which preferably have the same size

7. Flaps which due to mobility and/or elasticity can move around +/-90 degrees in relation to the center position in the resting phase 8. Flaps with hydrodynamic design, longitudinal and/or transverse, inclined or X-shaped reinforcements or weakening of the flap's area

9. Flaps which over their area have varying elasticity and preload

10. Turbine arms for attaching movable and/or elastic single or double flaps of the same or different sizes 11. Pendulum arms which are centrically or eccentrically supported against radially aligned turbine arms, turbine disks or turbine surfaces 12. Pendulum arms or pendulum cradles which have eccentric pivot bearing against radially aligned turbine arms 13. Pendulum arms or pendulum cradles for attaching one or more axially directed, inclined or radial flaps which can be single, double or multiple 14. Springy or elastic devices for turbine arms, pendulum arms, turbine discs, turbine cores or power transmission 15. Turbine surfaces or turbine discs with or without cutouts for the flaps movements and bending during the working phase

16. Transverse prestressed center bands for coreless turbines

17. Transversely pre-stressed center band between modules with pivot bearing for center disc or turbine disc 18. Centric turbines with external bearing against each other or against another structure

19. concentric turbines that are stacked on top of each other

20. Centric or concentric turbines with or without their own core and which can be supported externally against one or more separate or common cores or structures 21. Concentric turbines which rotate outside of each other and are supported against a number of intermediate wheels and / or against each other 22. All types of flap turbines with and/or without cores stored between primary power plant modules, secondary and tertiary power plant modules, or between

combinations of these

23. Turbine surfaces with or without cutouts for the movements of the flaps and which completely or partially replace the functions of the turbine arms, and/or which are mounted between

a number of turbine arms

24. Split turbines and with intermediate discs mounted on the turbine core

25. Turbine discs or turbine surfaces rotating around or on biased center band 26. Intermediate discs mounted on or rotating freely on the turbine core independent of the turbines 27. Split turbines having intermediate discs mounted on one of the turbines 28. Concentric or eccentric helical belt pivot bearing, X-bands or ring-shaped structures on pendulum arms of equal or unequal length on

either side of the pivot point

29. Eccentric pivot bearing for pendulum arms to span structural structures and store kinetic energy as potential energy in the working phase to release this positional energy during return swing and

extension of the work phase

30. Annular or other design of support devices between the turbine arms or points on the flaps 31. Single or double spiral bands that can form X formations between the turbine arms and/or points on the flaps 32. Curve shaped, for example sinusoidal, single flaps or double flaps which are phase-shifted for rapid transition from rest phase to work phase 33. Larger number of flaps that are narrower for faster transitions between rest phases and work phases 34. Short or long flaps that go over one or more turbine arms and/or extend through turbine surfaces with an opening for the movements of the flaps and where

the flaps may be stored

35. Energy-structuring turbine surfaces and/or surface-shaped turbine arms parallel to the plane of rotation 36. Elastic or inelastic device between the flaps or on one side of a flap to limit the movements 37. Elastic or inelastic device between double or multiple flaps to give them a hydrodynamic shape in the resting phase and/or affect transition to

work phase

38. Spacers on one or both sides of one or more flap flaps to determine the hydrodynamic shape in the resting phase and/or the flap's maximum

curvature in working phase

39. Pretensioning devices connected to single or double flaps, or between flaps for faster initiation of the working phase and/or transition to the rest phase 40. Flaps with devices for one-way opening for inflow between double flaps during the transition from the rest phase to the working phase 41. Shape-determining intermediate device for hydrodynamic design in the resting phase and/or for curvature limitation in the working phase

42. Turbines with devices for direct induction

43. Flaps that make up segments in a larger surface with axes of rotation that have different directions 44. Flaps that include segments with bands or strut connections between two or more segments to assume positions such as working phase and / or resting phase 45. Flaps with elastic or inelastic bands or struts that contribute to the correct position during the work phase

46. Turbines with sail flaps

47. Prestressed flaps or flaps with varying elasticity

48. Turbines with longitudinal X-bands between the outer sides of the turbine

49. Turbines with a framework that determines the position of the flaps in the working phase and or rest phase 50. The turbine blades or flaps are built up of fibers or microfibers for elasticity and resilience to take or maintain the desired positions 51. Turbine surfaces built up of bands and/or struts in a or several directions with flaps or flaps that open and close according to the selected flow direction 52. Flap turbines with selectable torque by determining the distance of the assembled blade surface to the center of the turbine

Structuring ocean kinetic energy and increasing movement rates.

Sea masses will increase their speed of movement on either side of and between structures in the sea. If several vertically aligned power plant modules are parallel in the sea, the movements of the sea masses in the area between the power plant modules will increase their movement speeds mainly in the vertical plane parallel to the power plant modules. Turbine cores or other structures that form part of the interconnection of the power plant modules will further contribute to such an increase in speed.

We can say that the ocean energy or performance in the form of sea masses in motion outside the offshore power plant "presses" on from the front and corresponding forces or mass velocity in the area on the stern side creates "negative pressure". This means that the power plant utilizes ocean energy from surrounding areas far beyond the extent of the energy plant. The total kinetic energy of the sea area is therefore utilized far better and offshore power plants take up less space in the sea for each MW and GW that is converted into another capacity.

Change of direction or structuring of the ocean waves' propagating movements mainly takes place by two different forms of deflection caused by the construction and function of the power plant. The power plant modules and module legs cause diffraction, which is the characteristic change of direction of the waves around an object that sticks out into the sea. The combined power plant with flap turbines causes refraction or deflection due to a change in speed corresponding to the wave's change in direction if they approach a beach area at any angle. As previously mentioned, diffraction and refraction can give a total deflection of around 90 degrees. Further structuring of the motion energy takes place with the help of turbine discs and turbine arms with sufficient surface areas that are parallel to the side surfaces of the power plant modules. Energy structuring units can also be mounted, preferably in front of flap turbines. These are made up of numerous parallel and vertical surfaces. In this way, a greater degree of structuring of the movement energy is achieved in directions that increase the hydrodynamic force directly against the blades of the flap turbines in the working phase.

The movement speeds of the sea masses increase and the range of motion is extended in all directions inside the power plant as a result of energy structuring, permanent and adjustable "compression" of the three forms of kinetic ocean energy. The energy content increases to the square of the sea masses' new movement speeds. The constructional thickness of the power plant modules on each side of the power conversion channels represents a lateral constriction in the movement of ocean energy through the power conversion channel and thus increases the movement speed of the water masses and the lengths of the movement strokes. A number of horizontally positioned turbine cores represent a vertical narrowing in the power conversion channel. This helps to reinforce this effect and a further increase in movement speeds and lengths of movement is achieved.

All types of power plant modules are included in the structuring of the kinetic ocean energy to have their movements as parallel as possible to the modules' vertical plane directly towards the flap turbines. The first turbines will be driven by the mass velocity components that have the greatest speed. Gradual reduction of the inequality of the power components will give more uniform sizes with lower speeds further inside and downwards in the energy plant. Strong tidal activity will most often affect the forward flap turbines unless the movement speeds of the wave activity exceed the flow speed. Calmer ocean currents and tidal activity will mainly affect the rear flap turbines together with residual ocean energy. The mass velocity is constantly elevated inside the power conversion channels.

A greater number of large turbine discs, preferably on front flap turbines, will help to increase the structuring of the kinetic ocean energy to increase its range of motion in vertical directions, parallel to the modules and perpendicular to the flaps. The turbines can also be divided into smaller units between transverse surfaces fixed to the turbine core. The turbine segments on each side of such surfaces can, for example, have the opposite direction of rotation and with power transfer between the turbine segments by means of radially mounted wheels inside the fixed surface. Alternatively, these segments may have individual power transmissions that are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or have direct induction. In front of one or more turbines, a suitable number of parallel surfaces can also be mounted next to each other to achieve or enhance the same energy structuring effect.

A thousand of the year's 8,700 hours contain too little energy in the sea and for a few thousand hours ocean waves dominate with problematically large and threatening amounts of energy. In many sea areas, offshore power plants according to the invention can therefore be designed so that the energy content can be increased by adjustable narrowing inside the power conversion channels where the higher energy level is channeled towards a limited part of the flap turbines. A power plant module can have an outer movable wall surface which is vertically hinged or elastically fixed along its front vertical edge inside the power conversion channel. The rear part of the "energy gates" can have devices for regulating the lateral opening for the kinetic ocean energy towards, for example, the middle part of the flap turbines. Such an adjustable narrowing will increase wave height and flow speed. If both side surfaces inside the power conversion channel have such a movable wall, wave height and flow speed in situations with very low occurrences of ocean energy can be increased to 3-5 times. This means that the energy level is 9-fold or increases to a 25 times higher level in the width and depth determined by the opening or passage of the movable walls. This energy is directed straight into the central part of a number of flap turbines which may have one or more large turbine surfaces which prevent the energy from expanding laterally before passing one or more flap turbines. Such gates or walls can also be constructed in such a way that they can be completely closed in extreme conditions. In such a context, the adjustable cross wall will cause wave reflection.

Power transmission and further energy conversion.

Many different forms of energy transfer can be used from the flap turbines' primary energy conversion forward towards the desired form of final energy. The performance can be transferred in the form of mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic energy to the appropriate location of further energy conversion inside or on the power plant modules or outside the plant. The power plant achieves the highest degree of efficiency if primary and secondary energy conversion, as well as the energy transport between these functions, is efficient and sufficient for the nature of the final energy. One such solution is that the flap turbines have so-called direct induction in that induction devices are integrated into turbine discs and where turbine segments preferably rotate in opposite directions or where there are independent induction discs arranged between turbine segments. The induction devices can be located to module walls and rotating induction fields or disks on the turbines. A corresponding solution is the direct transfer of rotating mechanical energy from the flap turbines through the module wall to electric generators inside these basic structures. Gearing devices can be placed on one or both sides of the module walls. In this case, the generators represent the secondary energy transformation into final energy.

For example, it could be an asynchronous generator of 100 kW at 600 rpm which increases electricity production to around 250 kW at 1,500 rpm. There are usually one or more generators on each side of a flap turbine, and where in principle there can be "boat shafts" through the power plant module walls that transfer the mechanical energy from the flap turbines via gearing system to the energy producing units. 2-speed generators can also be used. Furthermore, a number of generators or other energy-producing units can be gradually switched on in case of increasing occurrences of kinetic ocean energy. This provides great opportunities for increased production at increasing wave heights, as the energy in ocean waves increases with the square of the wave height.

In the case of energy transfer in the form of hydraulic or pneumatic performance, it is respectively the hydraulic motor and the gas turbine that will make up the secondary energy conversion and the electrical generators will be the tertiary energy conversion into final energy. In general, it applies that each individual energy transformation represents significant energy losses in addition to the performance that is lost during energy transfer between these units.

Wave-reflecting flow wall inside the offshore power plant.

One or more transverse reflection walls for residual waves can be installed between the power plant modules. The wall devices can be tight or have a sufficient number of openings for the flow of tides and ocean currents. It will often be appropriate to mount such a wall device within the turbine area in the more central part of the power plant. Some power plants may have two such wall devices to allow for offshore aquaculture, preferably in the middle part of the plant. The waves are reflected by the wall devices and can enter into constructive interference with other residual waves and return as an amplified wave back to the turbine area. These interference waves will now participate in energy production also on their way out of the power plant. The reflected waves can also form so-called destructive resonance, where incoming residual waves and reflected waves are reduced in size or equalized. The openings in such a flow wall must be adapted to tidal waves and ocean currents in the relevant waters or sea area.

Wave reflection walls or flow walls can have about seven advantageous functions and applications in the power plant according to the present invention:

a. Sea wave reflective function to increase efficiency

b. Constructional function and meaning between the primary ones

the power plant modules

c. Constructional significance for secondary and tertiary modules.

d. Include in the foundations of wind turbines between the power plant modules e. Important protection of centrally located breeding facilities

f. Framing and construction of offshore aquaculture g. Include in the suspension of the construction elements in the Venturi pump for the upwelling of nutrient-rich sea masses from deeper areas

Energy storage and alternative use of surplus production.

During the year, there will be many periods where the energy production, mainly due to wave activity, can amount to a much higher capacity than what submarine cables are designed for or what the electricity grid needs at the moment. Storage of excess energy can, for example, take place in the form of compressed air or other forms of energy storage, inside the lower part of the legs of the power plant modules or in another part of the "ship modules". A number of air compressors, or other types of end-producing units, can automatically switch on when the energy content of the ocean waves increases and approaches the generators' maximum performance or earlier if, for various reasons, there is a need to use storage capacity or alternative use.

This is both an efficient utilization of energy deposits and of existing constructions and technical installations. The physical phenomenon that the air temperature is reduced during a pressure drop in connection with the operation of gas turbines can be compensated for by using circulating seawater or water masses that are heated during periods of excess energy production.

As previously mentioned, the cavity in each power plant module can be used for machine rooms over several floors and can provide space for a larger number of generators, control systems and gearing systems, as well as equipment for other forms of energy conversion and storage. The power plant can also accommodate energy-intensive activities such as the production of hydrogen and freezing activities related to offshore aquaculture.

If it is necessary to further reduce the largest wave activity, the installed capacity of the power plant can be increased to a much higher total capacity. This can be done by increasing the number of flap turbines and energy-producing units, as well as considering larger turbines, pendulum turbines, double and triple concentric turbines with and without pendulum arms. The possibilities for storage and alternative use of surplus production must be increased accordingly.

Tidal and storm wave anchoring and protection of power plants and flap turbines.

The offshore power plant's basic structure, power plant modules and devices for connecting these, as well as flap turbines, follow changing tide levels and move up and down together with the part of the ocean waves that are too large and too infrequent for it to be economically profitable to include them in energy conversion .

For this reason, the power plant is preferably built up of long and relatively slim power plant modules with a number of module legs which are connected to one or more different types of tidal and storm wave anchorages. The anchoring devices must allow the desired vertical level change and at the same time limit the power plant's movement in other directions.

The power plant's modular leg can preferably be connected to an anchoring arm at the rear or at the front by means of a joint element or an elastic device. At the other end of the anchoring arm, this is connected in a similar way to an anchor element that is fixed to the seabed. It is mainly the length and mobility of the anchoring arm that determine the power plant's ability to move vertically. The length of the anchoring arms must be assessed in relation to the sea area's maximum tidal variations and wave heights. An anchoring arm can be elastically movable in one or more planes and can have a damping device for forces that necessitate changes in the length of the anchoring arm. The opposite side of the power plant can preferably have a more traditional anchor chain with attached plumb elements.

In this way, the offshore power plant can move in different directions under large external stresses. If parallel working anchoring arms are arranged on the front and rear of the power plant, the power plant modules will maintain their horizontal position during vertical movements.

For some waters, a specially shaped power plant module has been developed with an anchoring device only at one end of an extended module leg which has a joint element or elastic device directly connected to an anchor element. The modules can preferably have an operating unit on top which ensures that the power plant follows tidal changes and large wave movements. Power plant modules have also been developed which are flooded by the largest waves and thereby only follow the largest wave heights which are included in the measurement of significant wave height in the waters in question to a limited extent.

Variants of so-called submarine nets can form part of the anchoring of power plants or make up the entire anchoring. Such nets can simultaneously protect the power plant and flap turbines against smaller boats in operation or off course, as well as floating objects in the sea. The network devices can be spanned from more horizontal cable between the modules above or below sea level. A similar solution can be used at the lower end of the net and connected in various ways to anchor elements in combination with anchoring solutions as previously described.

In certain waters, in the upper part of the sea, there may be a need to protect the flap turbines by installing an energy structuring unit at the inlet to the power conversion channel. These units are made up of vertically aligned parallel plates next to each other and can also be fitted with mesh devices with a mesh size adapted to local challenges.

Floating power plant with anchorage to an undersea energy plant.

In certain waters, it can be advantageous to connect a bottom-anchored power plant to a floating power plant by means of tidal and storm wave anchoring between the two energy plants. The size and mass of the floating power plant can thus be reduced and makes it easier for the power plant to follow the largest wave movements.

Especially in waters with a lot of tidal energy, it can be beneficial to convert ocean kinetic energy further down into the sea. During high wave activity, the fixed lower part of the energy plant will increasingly also participate in transforming the exponentially increasing amount of energy. In any case, the largest amounts of energy will be in the upper part of the sea. Such facilities can also be beneficial in waters where it is necessary to convert transitional waves into waves with a shorter wavelength and less energy downward towards the seabed in order to reduce displacements of bottom sediments. Constant and problematic changes to the seabed in shallower waters are due to the strong horizontal back and forth currents of the transitional waves in the depths. If the sea depth is increasingly less than a quarter of the wavelength, the undercurrents towards the seabed will be marked and create major challenges for anchoring devices unless the wave heights are reduced by extensive energy conversion where both floating and fixed power plants participate with their full capacity. This can be a major problem that makes it difficult to anchor all types of installations at sea, not just the current offshore power plant.

By transforming a significant part of the ocean waves' kinetic energy, transitional waves or "transitional waves" are reduced to a regular wave that does not reach the seabed even in shallower water. Combination of a lower and fixed power plant with anchoring devices for an upper floating energy plant is particularly beneficial in waters with high kinetic energy deposits and large tidal variations.

Synergistic combinations and other integrated solutions.

A power plant according to the invention can be included in a number of different synergistic combinations with other energy systems that are based on renewable energy sources, and further opens up the integration of many further solutions.

For example, energy islands and energy bridges can utilize several different renewable energy sources, such as kinetic ocean energy, wind power, ocean thermal energy (OTEC) and solar energy, as well as various forms of energy storage and alternative use of surplus production. Furthermore, the combinations may include aquaculture and port facilities. It will often be a prerequisite for both survival and activity at such facilities that they can transform the kinetic energy in the sea area. Flap turbines around an energy island and under the entrance to a harbor or passage for ship traffic will transform large parts of the kinetic energy and create calmer waters. The previously described tidal and storm wave anchoring can be used both for energy bridges and energy islands.

Power plants can have a large extent in a sea area. The need for submarine cabling is eliminated throughout the plant's extent, as the energy plant has internal cabling through turbine cores or other longitudinal constructional structures. If the energy plant is built out as a peninsula or a bridge connection, all cabling will follow the power plant's constructions.

Advantages of the nine technical solutions.

A power plant for transforming kinetic ocean energy according to the invention has at least the following advantages: 1. Transforms all three forms of kinetic ocean energy into common technical solutions 2. Increases the energy level inside the power plant for all three forms of kinetic ocean energy

3. Utilizes kinetic ocean energy from surrounding areas

4. Structures the ocean energy's complex movement patterns into more powerful mass velocity components in the vertical plane 5. Accelerates the sea masses and extends the range of motion of the power components

6. The flap turbines have selectable torque

7. Can regulate the increase of the energy level inside the power conversion channel by moving "energy gates"

8. Has high energy production in periods of low occurrence

9. Almost exponential increase of energy conversion from the middle part of the wave spectrum by step-by-step connection of additional energy converters for

storage or alternative use of surplus production

10. Can maintain the ocean kinetic energy's cycles of motion during continuous and step-by-step energy conversion

11. Increases overall efficiency

12. Reduces the degree of utilization during dangerously large sea waves

13. Power plant units can have individual vertical movements during storm waves 14. The flap turbines rotate continuously in the same direction regardless of the alternating directions of the kinetic ocean energy 15. Frequent storage of kinetic energy and release of potential energy in flaps and other structural elements 16. Primary and secondary energy conversion takes place near the ocean kinetic energy

17. Minimal energy loss during transfer to final energy

18. Prevents unwanted reflection of energy from ocean waves through step-by-step energy conversion 19. Transverse wall arrangement inside the energy plant can reflect residual waves back to the turbine area 20. The different speeds and directions of the power components are utilized to a much higher degree of efficiency 21. Power plant modules and turbine construction effect structuring of the ocean energy

22. Partially follows the movements of the largest ocean waves

23. Follows the upper part of the ocean where each of the three forms kinetic ocean energy; waves, tidal waves and ocean currents have their greatest occurrences 24. Has tidal and storm wave anchorage for waters with large variations in height

25. Can have anchoring nets that protect the flap turbines

26. Has vertical and parallel energy structuring surfaces with protective nets

27. Has a high degree of efficiency and low investment per kW

28. Can change the propagation direction of ocean waves by up to 90 degrees by diffraction and refraction 29. Can convert transition waves into ocean waves with shorter wavelengths and lower energy content

30. Can be developed as an undersea energy plant

31. Can form the basis for overseas energy bridges with underwater tunnel and bridge above sea level

32. Enables storage of excess production

33. Can ensure stable electricity production regardless of varying energy availability

34. Ensure operating and maintenance conditions

35. Reduces and can eliminate the need for submarine cabling

36. Can form an energy island in the open sea

37. The power plant can form part of undersea and oversea energy bridges

38. Can reduce erosion of coastal areas and wave stress against dykes and port facilities 39. Forms the basis for larger energy facilities outside disputed coastal areas

40. May include open sea aquaculture

41. Can be included in synergistic combinations with other energy systems and solutions to further challenges In what follows, a number of non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the figures where Figure 1 shows, from top left and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant, respectively seen in perspective, a detail of the perspective drawing, side view and front view. Figure sheet 2 shows, from left to right, three figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen from above, in perspective and a detail of the perspective figure. Figure sheet 3 shows, from top to right and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side, seen from the front and a detail of the perspective figure. Figure sheet 4 shows, from top left and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, a detail of the perspective drawing, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 5 shows two figures of a flap turbine with an open core, respectively seen in perspective on the right and seen from the side on the left. Figure sheet 6 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of a flap turbine and generator respectively seen in perspective, seen from the front and seen from the side.

Figure sheet 7 shows three concentric flap turbines and with a closed core.

Figure sheet 8 shows two figures of a flap turbine with pendulum arms seen in perspective. Figure sheet 9 shows, from top left and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, a detailed figure of the perspective drawing, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 10 shows, from the top and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, a detail of the perspective drawing, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 11 shows two figures of an embodiment of the power plant with a wind turbine, respectively seen in perspective at the top and seen from the side at the bottom. Figure sheet 12 shows, from top left and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, a detail of the perspective drawing, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 13 shows, from top to bottom, three figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, a detail of the perspective figure and seen from the front. Figure sheet 14 shows two figures of an embodiment of the power plant, a figure at the top seen in perspective and in the bottom figure a flap turbine, the power plant in the top figure. Figure sheet 15 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 16 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 17 shows, from the top and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, a detail of the drawing seen from the side, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 18 shows two figures of an embodiment of the power plant, a figure at the top seen in perspective and in the bottom figure a flap turbine, the power plant in the top figure. Figure sheet 19 shows, from top right and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant where one or more of the flap turbines are not mounted horizontally, respectively a perspective view, a side view, a front view and a flap turbine in the power plant. Figure sheet 20 shows, from top to right and clockwise, five figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side, seen from the front and two flap turbines in the power plant. Figure sheet 21 shows, seen from the bottom right and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen from the side, seen from the front, seen in perspective and a detail of a flap turbine seen in perspective. Figure sheet 22 shows, seen from the bottom right and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen from the side, seen from the front, seen in perspective and a detail of a flap turbine seen in perspective. Figure sheet 23 shows, seen from the top right and clockwise, five figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, seen from the front, seen from above and two figures of a flap turbine seen in perspective. Figure sheet 24 shows, seen from the top right and clockwise, five figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, seen from the front, seen from above and two figures of a flap turbine seen in perspective. Figure sheet 25 shows, seen from the top right and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side, seen from the front and a flap turbine seen from the front with an anchoring net. Figure sheet 26 shows, from top left and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant respectively seen in perspective, a detail of the perspective drawing, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 27 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of the flap turbine, seen in perspective, from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 28 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of a convex flap turbine, seen in perspective, from the side and from the front. Figure sheet 29 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of the concave construction of a flap turbine respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 30 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of a sail flap turbine respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 31 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of a convex flap turbine respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 32 shows, from top to left in the reading direction, respectively 12 figures of the assembly of flap turbines seen from the side. Figure sheet 33 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of a convex flap turbine respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 34 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of a convex flap turbine respectively seen in perspective, seen from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 35 shows, from top left and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of the power plant seen from the side, in perspective and two frontal sections. Figure sheet 36 shows, from the top and clockwise, three figures of an embodiment of a flap turbine power plant respectively seen in perspective, from the side and seen from the front. Figure sheet 37 shows, from top to right and clockwise, four figures of an embodiment of a flap turbine seen in perspective, two sections and seen from the side. Figure sheet 38 shows from left to right three figures, frontal section through the human heart, in the middle a "tricuspid turbine" and on the right a valve turbine.

Most of the versions of the power plant shown on the attached figure sheets are designed with solid and vertically aligned power plant modules 17. The part of the power plant modules that lie on the surface when the power plant is in use can be designed as hull elements in the form of "ship modules". From the hull elements one or more legs 18 project obliquely or vertically downwards when viewed from the side and preferably, but not necessarily, in the direction of incoming ocean kinetic energy. Seen from the front, the power plant modules 17 and the module legs 18 of the power plant modules lie essentially in the respective vertical plane. Some of the design examples for power plants are built up of one or more flap turbines that have circular or polygonal turbine discs and/or internal buoyancy bodies. Between two power plant modules or turbine disks that are next to each other, a power conversion channel 21 is formed. In the power conversion channels 21, one or a plurality of simple flap turbines 1 and/or concentric flap turbines 2 are arranged. All the flap turbines that are described or discussed can have cylindrical, convex , concave or conical design and the number of flaps in horizontal or radial directions can be increased or decreased. The flap turbines can be built up with turbine arms 7 and flaps 3, 4, 5 which assume any angle in relation to the axis of rotation and radial plane.

The distance between the power plant modules will vary, among other things, in relation to wave activity in the relevant sea area and in relation to the use of secondary power plant modules 19 and possibly also tertiary power plant modules 20.

Mainly horizontal cylinders or massive structures, triangular profiles with concave or convex side surfaces or polygonal structures, can function as connecting devices and turbine cores 6 in respective flap turbines 1 and 2 or form part of the external storage of the new flap turbines.

The basic construction of the power plant can also be designed with internal cavities for the necessary buoyancy and installation of technical equipment. On each side of the power conversion channel 21 there can be arranged three-point storage 24 for the turbine which transfers power from primary energy conversion in the form of rotating mechanical energy through the module wall to secondary energy conversion which can be carried out with electrical generators 25 which produce final energy. Surplus energy can, for example, be produced and stored in the form of compressed air inside the lower part of the power plant module legs 29.

Smaller power plants for calm waters can have a simpler frame arrangement or have a sufficient number and volume of turbine disks 8 which can roll against each other and for example be connected by means of rotating tensioning bands 15. The turbine cores 6 can also be mounted on either side of a central power plant module 17, module legs 18 or other frame device.

Each flap turbine 1 and 2 is preferably arranged with a plurality of flaps in the form of flaps which can be single flaps 3, double flaps 4 and/or quadruple flaps 5 or a number of other flap combinations and solutions. The flaps extend in the longitudinal direction of the flap turbine or are radially aligned, and are mounted rotatably or elastically about the longitudinal direction of the flaps on turbine arms 7, turbine discs 8, turbine discs 9 with suspension or opening for flaps or flaps. The turbines can also have pendulum arms 10 and can have curved recesses, respectively 7a and 10a, to enable the flaps to bend during the working phase. Simple turbines 1 and concentric turbines 2 can have inner ring-shaped or polygonal support device 11 and outer ring-shaped or polygonal support device 12 and further comprise inner X-band 13 and outer X-band 14 which form a cylindrical, convex or concave net to support the turbine arms 7 and pendulum arm one 10 or the flap turbine as a whole. The flaps 3, 4, 5 preferably have a curved shape, or can assume a curved or curved shape, seen in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the flaps. Flaps 3, 4, 5 are preferably also made of an elastic material which makes the flaps springy to a certain extent. In the event of a greater load from a body of water, the flaps will spring and form a curved profile with increasing structural strength. Some of the movement energy is stored in part of the working phase as potential energy in the same way as in a normal spring that is compressed, and when the load from the water masses decreases, the flaps will be able to move back towards an equilibrium position and thus give the water masses an extra thrust and thus extend the working phase . Alternatively, the flaps can of course also be designed so that they are inelastic and also so that they have flat surfaces seen in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the flaps.

Turbine arms 7, turbine discs with recesses for flaps 9 and pendulum arms 10 are further preferably designed with recesses with a design that corresponds to the shape of the flaps, i.e. that if the flaps 3, 4, 5 have a curved shape, the recesses in these devices will have a corresponding curve shape. In the working position of the flaps, the flaps 3, 4, 5 lie in their respective recesses.

In one embodiment, the turbine arms 7 of a flap turbine 1 and 2 can be arranged with respective pendulum arms 10. The pendulum arms are rotatably attached to an outer end of the turbine arms 7 so that they can tilt back and forth depending on the forces from the water masses acting on the pendulum arms. A plurality of flaps in the form of flaps 3, 4, 5 are arranged on the pendulum arms rotatably attached to the pendulum arms in a similar manner as explained above. The pendulum arms can also be designed with recesses that have the same shape as the flaps in a similar way as explained above. The rocking movement of the pendulum arms is preferably spring-loaded, for example by means of torsion springs. Pendulum arms 10 can be eccentrically supported on turbine arms 7 to increase the pendulum movement.

The flap turbines 1 and 2 can be designed with an open core, i.e. the central area of the flap turbines is essentially open so that masses of water can flow freely through the core. The turbine arms 7 can then be attached to an inner ring-shaped support device 11 with sufficient axial length, or center discs or the like, preferably in the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the turbine arms 7.

Alternatively, the cores of the flap turbines are closed, for example by arranging a cylindrical or polygonal element 6 in the core area of the flap turbine. Water cannot thus flow through the central area in the flap turbines 1 and 2, as with the flap turbines which are designed with an open core.

The flaps can be designed with single flaps 3, double flaps 4, be four-flap 5 or be designed with a different number of flaps, for example of even or prime number combinations of flaps. In the open position, the flaps 3, 4, 5 slide in the water as slender formations or hydrodynamic designs parallel to any direction of flow that deviates from the direction of rotation of the turbine. All flaps 3, 4, 5 change from working phase to intermediate phase and rest phase and can, together with other structural elements, be included in the frequent storage of kinetic ocean energy as potential energy with the subsequent release of positional energy into movement energy. It is possible to arrange several turbines so that they rotate outside each other, i.e. that two or more turbines are concentric 2 and mounted radially outside each other. They can rotate in the same direction or have different directions of rotation.

Most of the power plant designs shown on the attached figure sheets are designed with various tidal and storm wave anchorages. One of the solutions has an anchoring arm 27 with joint device 26 at each end and which is rotatably connected to module leg 18 on power plant module 17 and the outer end of the anchoring arm 27 is rotatably connected to anchor element 28. Anchor chain with weights 27a and/or submarine net 27b can also be used as at the same time, the flap turbines protect against smaller boats and floating cargo. Each of the module legs 18 of the power plant modules 17 can be anchored using tidal and storm wave anchoring, but it is also possible to anchor a selection of module legs. Anchoring arm 26 can be flexible in one or more directions and joint element 27 can be a hinge joint and allow vertical movements or be a ball joint which increases mobility also in the transverse plane. More traditional anchor chain with plumb element 27a and the other various anchoring devices can be combined and additionally used between the submerged and floating power plant.

In the power conversion channel 21 which is formed between two power plant modules, one or more surface elements 22 can be arranged which can "compress" or collect and increase the kinetic ocean energy towards a shorter part of the flap turbines 1 and 2 by narrowing the width of the power conversion channel. The reduced flow area means that the speed of the movements of the water masses increases preferably in the vertical plane between adjustable surface elements 22. The turbines 1 and 2 can have larger turbine discs 8 or turbine discs with recesses for the movements of the flaps 9 in order to maintain the energy level and to structure the energy towards the flaps 3, 4, 5. The flat elements 22 can, for example, be flat plates.

Various elements of the present power plant which are common to most of the embodiments shown on the attached figure sheets have been described above. The designs on the figure sheets shall now be briefly described, as what is described above applies to all the designs, except where it is specifically mentioned that this is not the case or where it is completely obvious from the figures that one or more of the features described above do not apply.

Figure sheet 1 shows a power plant for converting ocean kinetic energy comprising seven vertically aligned power verse modules 17 with associated module legs 18 and with intermediate simple flap turbines 1 with or possibly without turbine cores. The flap turbines 1 have a number of turbine arms 7, for example six turbine arms which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the flap turbine, to which the double flaps 4 are attached as described above. The flap turbines 1 are further arranged with internal X-bands 13 which are structurally connected to and bind together the inner part of the turbine arms 7. In addition, the flap turbine has an outer ring-shaped support device 12 connected to the six turbine arms 7 outside the flaps 4's range of motion from working phase to resting phase. The module legs 18 are connected to a tidal and storm wave anchorage, preferably on the stern of the power plant, with a joint element 26 to an anchoring arm 27 and further with existing joint element 26 to the anchor element 28 which in this design example is arranged with suction cups that attach the anchor element to the seabed. In front of the power plant, the power plant can be arranged with an anchor chain which is attached to an anchor element 28. The anchor chain 28 can also be arranged with a plumb line 27a between the module leg 18 and the anchor element 28 as indicated in figure 1.

Figure sheet 2 shows a power plant unit 32 which comprises two power plant modules 17 with associated module legs 18. Between the two power plant modules 17, a power conversion channel 21 is formed where three intermediate flap turbines 1 are arranged, all of which extend between and are stored in the two power plant modules 17. The flap turbines comprises turbine cores 6 which are arranged with double elastic flaps 4 attached to pendulum arms 10 (see also figure sheet 8). The pendulum arms 10 are rotatably or tiltably mounted on the turbine arms 7. On figure sheet 2 it is further shown that the pendulum arms can be arranged between large versions of turbine discs 8. Cylindrical design of outer X-band 14 connects turbine arms 7 and turbine discs 8. The turbine discs 8 are preferably, but not necessarily, circular. They cause energy structuring and also function as storage for the double flaps 4. On the inside of the power plant modules 17, movable surface elements 22 are also arranged for narrowing the width of the incoming energy field towards the turbines.

Internal cavities in the power plant modules 17 and module legs 18 (not shown in the figures) can be used for further energy conversion and for energy storage, for example in the form of compressed air.

Figure sheet 3 shows a power plant unit 32 with two primary power plant modules 17 with module legs 18. In addition, the power plant unit 32 is arranged with an intermediate secondary power plant module 19 and tertiary power plant modules 20 which are arranged between a primary power plant module 17 and a secondary power plant module 18 as indicated on figure sheet 3 All the power plant modules 17, 19, 20 are structurally connected to one or more wave-reflecting wall devices 23 which extend between and are connected to the two primary power plant modules 17. The wave-reflecting wall devices 23 can have numerous openings for the flow of ocean currents and tidal waves. The power plant is shown here with anchor element 28 directly fixed to the power plant's module legs 18. Between the different types of power plant modules there are arranged flap turbines 1, preferably of different sizes, which have double elastic flaps 4 attached to pendulum arms 10. The pendulum arms 10 are preferably eccentrically mounted on the turbine arms 7 which is arranged between turbine discs 8. Cylindrical design of outer X-band 14 connects the turbine arms 7 and the pendulum arms 10 with the turbine discs 8. The pendulum arms 10 are eccentrically supported against the turbine arm 7, for example through an eccentric bolt which connects the pendulum arms 10 to respective turbine arms 7. When the innermost and the longest half of the pendulum arm 10 rotates inwards in the central direction during the working phase, the eccentric support will contribute to the cylindrical X-bands being stretched out and some of the movement energy is stored as potential energy which is released during the extension of the working phase in addition to the turbine surface oscillating back to the initial position.

The central turbine cores 6 also form a structural connection between the primary power plant modules 17, secondary power plant module 19 and tertiary power plant modules 20 and the primary power plant modules' modular legs 18.

A number of the flap turbines 1 may have open turbine cores. It is also possible to arrange a breeding facility 30 for offshore aquaculture between the largest primary power plant modules 17 and the wave-reflecting wall devices 23. Residual waves are reflected back towards the turbine area and form positive or negative interference with other incoming waves. Figure sheet 4 shows an embodiment of the power plant for converting kinetic ocean energy comprising seven power plant modules 17 and module legs 18. In this embodiment, the power plant is entirely submerged and is firmly anchored to the seabed. The power plant is otherwise essentially as explained above, but is preferably designed with somewhat reduced power plant modules 17 and the module legs 18 can be directly connected to the anchor elements 28 on the seabed as shown on figure sheet 4. Further energy conversion takes place inside the module legs 18 which are also preferably arranged with energy storage 29, for example in the form of compressed air in containers/tanks in the module legs 18. The flap turbines 1 are preferably designed with double flaps 4 as described above. The flap turbines are preferably designed with closed turbine cores 6, but can also be designed with open turbine cores. Furthermore, the flap turbines 1 comprise outer annular support devices 12, each of which connects groups of six turbine arms 7. Figure sheet 5 shows a flap turbine 1 with an open core and with three single flaps 3 on each group of six turbine arms 7. In the embodiment shown on figure sheet 5, each such group comprises of turbine arms three turbine arms 7. This number can of course vary from one embodiment to another of the flap turbine. Flap turbine 1 is arranged with inner ring-shaped support devices 11 and outer ring-shaped support devices 12 to which the turbine arms 7 are attached. The movable flaps 3 have a curved shape and lie in corresponding arcs for the curvature of the flaps 7a or arc-shaped recesses in the turbine arms 7 when the flaps are in the working position.

The flap turbine 1 is mounted between three-point storage 24 for the turbine which comprises a wheel and an axle which transfers the mechanical energy through the module wall to further energy conversion inside the modules, for example compression of air.

Figure sheet 6 shows a flap turbine 1 with one large gear wheel on each side which engages between three point storage 24 which represents both the storage of the flap turbine 1 and the transmission of the mechanical energy through the wall of the power plant module 17 and the module legs 18 into the gearing device and generator 25 or other units for the production of final energy which are illustrated here by three air compressors which are gradually switched on when energy deposits increase. The flap turbine 1 has an open core and has three double flaps 4 on each turbine arm 7. Groups of six turbine arms are arranged around the circumference of the flap turbine. The flap turbine 1 also comprises two cylindrical support bands, inner X-band 13 and outer X-band 14 between the large gears on each side of the flap turbine 1. The double flaps 4 have shape-determining devices 16 or spacers between the flaps. Figure sheet 7 shows an example of three concentric flap turbines 2 that rotate outside of each other. The quadruple flaps 5 are arranged with shape-determining distance devices 16 and are mounted on turbine arms 7 which have arc-shaped recesses corresponding to the flaps' curvature 7a. Inner annular support devices 11 and outer annular support devices 12 are both connected to the turbine arms 7 of the three turbines 2 rotating around the same turbine core 6. The middle turbine rotates in the opposite direction during the primary energy conversion and has three-point support for turbine 24 which is mounted between the two innermost and the two outermost turbines and transfers the mechanical energy through the wall to secondary energy conversion inside the power plant modules. Figure sheet 8 shows at the top a flap turbine with five single flaps in the form of flaps 3 attached to each of the pendulum arms 10 with arc-shaped recesses for the flaps' curvature 10a. The pendulum arms are mounted centrically on the fixed turbine arms 7 which are fixed on an inner support ring which is connected to each other with a cylindrical design of inner X-bands.

The lowermost turbine on figure sheet 8 differs from the upper turbine in that it has a transverse turbine surface 9 in the middle with recesses for the flaps and with three central bands 15 along the inner part of the open turbine core. Center bands can be tensioned between wheels on the outer sides of the turbine or be tensioned in the modules on each side of the turbine and where the inner part of the center disc has a central part which is firmly connected to the three center bands 15 around which the center disc 9 rotates.

Figure sheet 9 shows a power plant for transforming ocean kinetic energy where each power plant unit 32 can move up and down in large ocean waves independently of the neighboring units. The power plant modules 17 have module legs 18 only on the stern side with joint element on anchorage 26 directly on anchor element 28. A special buoyancy design at the top of the power plant module 17 ensures that the energy plant follows tidal changes and moves up and down with the largest ocean waves. The flap turbines 1 have power transmission to an exchange device connected to generators 25 as these are illustrated inside two transparent power plant modules 17 and module legs 18 on the right side of the power plant which also have energy storage 29 in the form of compressed air. Flap turbine 1 has double flaps 4 mounted on the pendulum arms 10. The pendulum arms are mounted on the turbine arms 7 which are mounted on a device that rotates outside the turbine core 6. The flap turbine has a cylindrical or polygonal design of outer X-band 14 which is connected to the bearing points between turbine arms 7 and pendulum arms 10.

Figure sheet 10 shows a two-part floating power plant where an upper floating power plant for converting ocean kinetic energy is anchored to an underwater power plant, i.e. a submerged power plant. Both the floating power plant and the submerged power plant comprise power plant modules 17 which are formed with module legs 18. The submerged power plant is anchored to the bottom by anchor members 28. At least some, but preferably all, of the floating power plant module legs 18 are connected to respective lower power plant modules 17 with a tidal and storm anchorage with joint element 26 and anchoring arm 27 with new joint element 26 to the top of power plant modules 17 on the submerged power plant. The flap turbines 1 preferably have double flaps 4 attached to the pendulum arms 10 which are mounted on turbine arms 7. The flap turbine 1 has a turbine core 6 and a cylindrical or polygonal design of outer X-band 14 which is connected to the storage points between the pendulum arms 10 and the turbine arms 7. Figure sheet 11 shows power plants in according to the invention designed as an energy island, where the turbines 1 and the power plant modules 17 with the module legs 18 are part of the constructional structure of the floating energy island which can be designed with aquaculture 30 and wind turbines 31 and energy storage 29 inside the power plant modules 17 in addition to port facilities and other activities. The energy island has tidal and storm wave anchorage with joint element on anchorage 26, anchoring arm 27 and anchor element 28. The energy island shown on figure sheet 11 has essentially a circular design, but can of course have many other designs. The energy island can also be designed with openings from the sea so that vessels can move in and moor to the energy island. These can be vessels that come to carry out maintenance and repair, for the transport of personnel, supply of necessary goods, etc. It is also shown on figure sheet 11 that the energy island comprises a wind turbine arranged centrally on the energy island. Depending on the size of the energy island, a number of wind turbines can of course be arranged on the energy island which can be arranged at desired locations centrally on the energy island or around the periphery of the energy island. Figure sheet 12 shows a power plant according to the invention designed as an underwater bridge structure for transport operations where flap turbines 1 of various dimensions are mounted below and above the largest flap turbine 1 which has a turbine core 6 designed as a tunnel profile with driving and cycling lanes, emergency exits, ventilation, pipes and cabling. All the other flap turbines also preferably have turbine cores 6 and are connected to power plant modules 17 and module legs 18 with internal energy production and energy storage. The flap turbines 1 have double flaps 4 which are mounted on pendulum arms 10 rotatably attached to turbine arms 7 which are supported by the cylindrical design of outer X-band 14. Figure sheet 13 shows the power plant designed as a bridge structure for traffic above sea level with tidal and storm wave anchoring where joint elements on anchoring 26 is connected to anchoring arm 27 and anchor element 28. The flap turbines have turbine cores and single flaps 3 which are mounted on the turbine arms 7. Groups of six turbine arms are connected to each other by outer ring-shaped support devices 12. Figure sheet 14 shows one of many possibilities for the arrangement of simple flap turbines 1 and concentric turbines 2 next to each other, below and above each other with different selected directions of rotation. The power plant modules 17 and module legs 18 have flap turbines 1 and two sizes of concentric flap turbines 2 with double flaps 4 which are mounted on turbine arms 7 which rotate around turbine cores 6. The concentric turbines 2 have inner annular support device 11 and outer annular support device 12. Figure sheet 15 shows a flap turbine 1 with double flaps 4 mounted between energy-structuring turbine surfaces 8 of different design and with suspension for the flaps 4. The side sketch at the bottom right of figure sheet 15 shows the flaps' gradual change of position or position as the flap turbine rotates and the flaps will alternate between working phase and rest phase. Figure sheet 16 shows a flap turbine 1 with double flaps 4 attached to turbine surfaces 9 with recesses for the flaps 4's movements. The flap turbine has internal X-bands 13 which connect the turbine surfaces 9. Also on figure sheet 16, the flaps' gradual change of position or position as the flap turbine rotates and the flaps will alternate between working phase and rest phase is shown. Figure sheet 17 shows a flap turbine 1 with quadruple flaps 5 attached to turbine arms 7 which have outer support rings 12. The turbine arms 7 are designed with arc-shaped recesses that correspond to the flaps' curvature 7a. The turbine arms 7 are mounted on the center disc lia. In their construction, the flaps 5 have widths varying in pairs and have elastic shape-determining devices 16 which give the flaps a hydrodynamic shape in the resting phase and increase the opening speed when transitioning to the working phase. Figure sheet 18 shows a power plant with a plurality of flap turbines 1 of which a majority are double and triple concentric flap turbines 2. The flap turbines on the left side of the power plant module 17 in the upper figure on figure sheet 18 are designed with turbine cores 6 while the flap turbines on the left side of the power plant module 17 are corresponding turbines, but without turbine cores. Details show flap turbine having turbine arm 7, flap turbine with pendulum arm 10, inner annular support device 11, outer annular support device 12, cylindrical design of inner X-band 13 and outer X-band 14. Figure sheet 19 shows a power plant comprising a power plant unit 32 built up of two power plant modules 17, each of which has two module legs 18. Between the power plant modules 17, a power conversion channel 21 has been formed where five intermediate turbines 1 with turbine cores 6 are placed. The power plant has tidal and storm wave anchoring with link element 26 to anchoring arm 27 and in addition two anchor chains 27a which is attached to the module legs 18 at one end and to the anchor element 28, which has suction cups down into the seabed, at the other end. The embodiment on figure sheet 19 shows that the flap turbines 1 in front and aft of the power plant do not necessarily need to be mounted horizontally and parallel to each other, but can be mounted deviating from the horizontal plane. As shown in the figures, the flap turbines can be arranged obliquely between the power plant modules 17. The flap turbine preferably has, in the same way as explained several times above, double flaps 3 attached to pendulum arm 10 which is mounted eccentrically on the turbine arms 7. Figure sheet 20 shows a power plant comprising a power plant unit 32 built up of two power plant modules 17, each of which has two module legs 18 which form a power conversion channel 21 in the same way as explained a number of times above. In the power conversion channel 21, there can be five intermediate turbines 1 where the lowest turbine forward and aft, as well as the uppermost flap turbine 1 have turbine cores 6. The power plant has tidal and storm wave anchoring with joint element 26, which connects a module leg with an anchoring arm 27, and an anchor element 28 which the link is connected to the anchoring arm 27 and has suction cups down into the seabed. The flap turbine 1 at the top left has double flaps 3 attached to a pendulum arm 10 which is mounted eccentrically on the turbine arms 7 which are connected by internal X-bands 13. The flap turbine 1 below has in the middle a transverse center disc 9 with recesses for the movements of the flaps. In the middle part of the flap turbine 1, there are three longitudinal center bands 15 which can be clamped between the outer sides of the turbine or between the two power plant modules 17 or the module legs 18. In the latter case, the center disc has a non-rotating inner part. Figure sheet 21 shows an embodiment with a plurality of power plant modules 17 with module legs 18 which have anchor chains with plumb bobs 27a from each of its four corners attached to the link element on anchoring 26 to respectively module legs 18 and anchor element 28. The flap turbines 1 preferably have double flaps 4 and a cylindrical design of inner X-band 13 and outer ring-shaped support devices 12 between the turbine arms 7. Figure sheet 22 shows an embodiment of the power plant comprising a plurality of power plant modules 17 where the upper horizontal part is designed as curved cylindrical units that can be flooded by large waves. The power plant has four anchor chains with weights 27a which are attached at both ends to link element 26 respectively to module legs 18 and anchor element 28. The flap turbines 1 preferably have double flaps 4 and cylindrically designed inner X-band 13 and outer ring-shaped support devices 12 between the turbine arms 7. Figure sheet 23 shows power plant unit 32 comprising two power plant modules 17 with module legs 18 which are not parallel. They form a wedge-shaped power conversion channel 21 where the distance between the power plant modules 17 is at least at the top and gradually increases with depth. The power plant unit preferably has three flap turbines 1, each of which is arranged with a turbine core 6, turbine arms 7, pendulum arms 10 and single flaps 3. Furthermore, the power plant unit 32 preferably has two flap turbines 1 with center band 15 and large turbine disk 9 and turbine arms 7, pendulum arms 10 and single flaps 3. The power plant is anchored to the seabed with anchor chains 27a attached to joint element 26 on module legs 18 and at the other end attached to anchor element 28. The anchor chains 27a are preferably provided with plumb bobs. Figure sheet 24 shows a power plant comprising three power plant modules 17 which are wider in the middle to "compress" the kinetic energy, i.e. the power conversion channel 21 between two power plant modules 17 is narrowed towards the center of the power plant modules 17. This is clearly shown in the figure at the bottom left of the figure sheet 24. The three specially designed power plant modules 17 form two power plant units 32. Each of the two power conversion channels 21 preferably has three flap turbines 1 with turbine core, turbine arms 7, pendulum arms 10 and single flaps 3 as explained above. Furthermore, the power plant units 32 preferably have two flap turbines 1 with center band 15 and large turbine disk 9 and turbine arms 7, pendulum arms 10 and single flaps 3. The power plant is anchored to the seabed with an anchor chain 27a attached to link element 27 on module legs 18 and at the other end attached to anchor element 28 The anchor chains 27a are preferably arranged with one or more weights. Figure sheet 25 shows two power plant modules 17 and module legs 18 which make up a power plant unit 32 with an intermediate power conversion channel 21. The power plant is connected to the seabed with preferably four anchor chains 27a which are attached at both ends to link elements on anchorage 26 to module legs 18 and anchor element 28 respectively. The anchor chains 27a can be arranged with plumb lines as shown in the figures. The flap turbines 1 have double flaps 4 and cylindrically designed inner X-band 13 and outer ring-shaped support devices 12 between the turbine arms 7. At the front and aft, at the inlet to the upper part of the power conversion channel 21, a plurality of parallel surfaces with protective nets 8a can be mounted as shown in the figure at the top right of figure sheet 25. Figure sheet 26 shows a power plant for converting ocean kinetic energy comprising a plurality of vertically aligned power verse modules 17 with associated module legs 18 and with intermediate flap turbines 1 which can be designed both with and without turbine cores 6. The flap turbines 1 preferably have double flaps 4 which is attached to turbine arms 7 attached to cylindrically designed inner X-band 13. The flap turbines are further arranged with outer ring-shaped support devices 12.

Each of the power plant modules 17 is connected in front and aft to a protection and anchoring net 27b, which in each corner of the power plant is connected to the tidal and storm wave anchoring with link element 26 to anchor chain 27a and further with existing link element 26 to anchor element 28 which in this design example has suction cups against the seabed. As required, the anchor chains can be arranged with one or more weights. Figure sheet 27 shows a flap turbine with radially positioned flaps 3, 4 which are preferably elastic. The flaps are rotatably or elastically supported along radially oriented structural elements 7b and have longitudinal turbine arms 7 with curvatures 7a for the flaps' bending during the working phase. The flaps can be fixedly mounted along the radially positioned construction elements 7b and have sufficient elasticity for their range of motion. The attachment of the turbine arms and flaps can form a larger or smaller angle in relation to the radial plane of the flap turbine. Several radially oriented flaps 3, 4, 5 can be arranged outside each other with or without longitudinal or radially oriented turbine arms as a constructional starting point or support for the flaps' outward movement. Figure sheet 28 shows a flap turbine which, when viewed from the front, has a convex shape and which has elastic flaps 3 attached to paired pendulum arms 10 which form a pendulum cradle 10b between turbine discs 8. The pendulum arms are rotatably attached to each turbine disc and connected by means of one or more longitudinal turbine arms 7 with curvatures 7a for the bending of the elastic flaps in the working phase. A pendulum cradle 10b can be mounted eccentrically in relation to its pivot bearing and the range of motion can be limited in both directions. A pendulum cradle 10b can also have a springy or elastic device which helps to take an ideal starting point at the beginning of the work phase. The convex flap turbine has external X-bands 14. Several "pendulum cradles" can be arranged with flaps 3, 4, 5 outside each other. The pendulum cradles 10b can move in recesses or cutouts in the turbine discs or be mounted between more radially oriented, circular or polygonal structural elements. Figure sheet 29 shows a flap turbine which, seen from the front, has internal, longitudinal construction elements 7c with a concave design. All longitudinal structural elements 7c are at the same time storage for the movements of the flaps 3. Turbine arm 7 supports and limits the outer position of the flaps 3 during the working phase. The longitudinal and concave structural elements are attached to middle support rings between inner annular support ring 11 and outer support ring 12. One or more parallel concave structural elements in the main features can be more centrally or peripherally located. The turbine arms 7 can have curvatures 7a for elastic blade bending in the working phase. Figure sheet 30 shows a flap turbine which has flaps 3 in the form of "sail flaps" which are attached on the outside to the longitudinal construction elements 7c and preferably have elastic tension bands 15 on the inside. Radially oriented turbine arms 7 have curvatures 7a which support the sail flaps in the working phase. The turbine has inner annular support rings 11 and outer annular support rings 12. The sail flaps can have a roll-up device on one or more sides, can have fixed support on the opposite side, have radial support or be attached to structural elements that form any angle with the flap turbine's axis of rotation and radial plane. Figure sheet 31 shows a flap turbine which alternately has two positions for each of the flaps' working phases. The longitudinal or axially directed and parallel flaps 3 are preferably elastic and are attached to radially oriented and S-shaped turbine arms 7 with curvatures 7a for the flaps' maximum bending, whether the flaps turn inward or outward in the working phase. In some cases, the flaps will turn inwards in the first part of the working phase and later in the working phase turn outwards. The radially oriented turbine arms 7 are fixedly mounted on both an inner support ring 11 and outer support ring 12 or have an elastic device as a connection between these structural elements. Figure sheet 32 shows twelve design examples and assemblies of flap turbines with a plurality of axial or radial flaps. The flap turbines can have different numbers of turbine arms 7, have inner support ring 11 and outer support ring 12 or have different types of turbine discs and be equipped with or without turbine cores. The flap turbines can have buoyancy bodies 6c which have an axial extension or are segmented. Construction devices between turbines 18a can be connected to buoyancy bodies 6c or between outer ring-shaped support anorning 12 or turbine disks. The flap turbines can have band connections 15 that hold the constellation together. Figure sheet 33 shows a flap turbine which, seen from the front, has a convex design. The flap turbine has turbine discs 9 with cutouts for the radially oriented and elastic double flaps 4 and four-double flaps 5. The flaps are mounted along the edge of the cutouts in the turbine discs 9. The flap turbine has outer X-bands 14 throughout the turbine's extent and the X-bands are preferably attached to all turbine discs 9. In the resting phase the flaps are hidden within the thickness of the turbine disc and in the working phase the flaps curve backwards. The kinetic ocean energy's largest power components will push the flaps further back and open for passage in the center between the flaps between two turbine discs. The flaps have some outward curvature in their bias to be able to start the work phase more quickly. The turbine discs may have cutouts for several radially spaced vanes, or only have cutouts for a selection of the flap turbine's vanes. All types of flap turbines can have a conical, convex, concave or cylindrical design in their axial extent when viewed from the front. Figure sheet 34 shows a flap turbine which, seen from the front, has a convex design. The flap turbine has radially aligned elastic flaps 3 outside of each other between turbine discs 8. The flap turbine has longitudinal turbine arms 7 with curvatures 7a for the bending of the flaps during the working phase. The flap turbine has an inner X band 13 which connects the turbine discs 8. The flap turbine can have an outer X band and/or an inner center band and center disc. Figure sheet 35 shows an example of stress-absorbing connection of power plant modules 17 where an elastic material 6b is arranged between turbine cores and connection devices 6 and the power plant modules 17. The outlined connection can also be used without stress-absorbing material. Extended connecting devices 6a extend further into the modules than ordinary connecting devices 6. By controlled extension of the extended connecting devices 6a, the shorter turbine cores 6 can be disconnected. Flap turbines without cores are held in place by the three wheels 24 for storage and power transmission. Attachment 27 of the anchoring device is preferably in the lower part of the power plant modules 17 and respectively forward and aft. Figure sheet 36 shows a power plant which is made up of five flap turbines held together by three tension bands 15 which rotate over the closed turbine discs 8. The turbine discs 8 provide the necessary buoyancy. The outer edge of the turbine surface 8b can be rubberized or have a gear ring and roll against each other with opposite directions of rotation. The turbine discs that do not rotate in the direction of the tension bands have freewheel discs 8c. Power transmission and generator 25 are located inside triangular generator housing 25a. The flap turbines have elastic blades 3 which are attached to turbine arms 7 with curved recesses 7a for the bending of the blades during the working phase. The flap turbines can also have fixed connection devices, for example between the center areas of the turbine discs or between the outer edges of the turbine discs. Figure sheet 37 shows a flap turbine which approximately opens and closes according to the "umbrella principle". The turbine has long turbine arms 7 which at the outer end have a fixed or movable hexagonal structure 7d. Each of the sides of the hexagon 7d forms a transverse axis of rotation for each of the double flaps 4 which can be elastic or rigid. The flaps 4 have a longitudinal axis of rotation or elastic support between the two halves of the flaps.

The flap turbine intervenes in the three integrated forms of kinetic ocean energy and transforms the complex and varying movement energy of the ocean masses into rotation according to selectable torque in this primary energy transformation.

Reference number:

Claims (20)

1. Flap turbine for converting ocean kinetic energy from ocean waves, tidal waves and ocean currents, which flap turbine (1, 2) comprises a plurality of flaps (3, 4, 5) which are rotatably or movably attached to the flap turbine so that the position of each flap is set individually between a closed position and an open position in response to the pressure in the water around each individual flap and independently of the other flaps, characterized in that the flaps (3, 4, 5) are designed in an elastic material so that the flap ends have a springy effect across the longitudinal direction of the flaps under varying loads. 2. Flap turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the flap turbine has at least two flaps (3, 4, 5) arranged wholly or partially outside each other in a radial extent from the rotation axis of the flap turbine. 3. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the flap turbine (1, 2) comprises a plurality of turbine arms (7, 8, 9) for rotatable or movable storage of the flaps (3, 4, 5). 4. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the flap turbine (1, 2) comprises a plurality of turbine arms (7, 8, 9) in the circumferential direction of the flap turbine and at least two turbine arms (7, 8, 9) in the longitudinal direction of the flap turbine for each turbine arm (7, 8, 9) in the circumferential direction. 5. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the turbine arms (7) are arranged with respective pendulum arms (10), on which pendulum arms a plurality of flaps (3, 4, 5) are rotatably or movably supported. 6. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the flaps (3, 4, 5) have a curved shape or can assume a curved shape in a cross-section normal to the longitudinal direction of the flaps. 7. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the flaps (3, 4, 5) comprise two parts which are rotatably supported about a common axis of rotation in the longitudinal direction of the flaps (3, 4, 5). 8. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the turbine arms (7, 8, 9) or the pendulum arms (10) are designed with recesses (7a, 1 Oa) with a shape that corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the flaps, and that the flaps are stored so that they lie in their respective recesses in their working positions . 9. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the flap turbine is designed with an open core and that the turbine arms (7) are supported on support rings (11) with a short axial extent so that water can flow radially and axially through the core of at least one flap turbine (1,2). 10. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the flap turbine (1, 2) is designed with a closed core (6), preferably in the form of a cylindrical element. 11. Flap turbine according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the at least one flap turbine (1, 2) comprises two or more concentric turbines which rotate in the same direction or in opposite directions. 12. Power plant for transforming ocean kinetic energy from ocean waves, tidal waves and ocean currents, which power plant comprises - at least two power plant modules (17, 18) which are arranged next to each other so that a power conversion channel (21) is formed between them, and at least one flap turbine (1, 2) according to one of the claims 1-11, which at least one flap turbine is arranged in the power conversion channel (21) and is rotatably stored in the power plant modules (17, 18). 13. Power plant according to claim 12, characterized in that each power plant module (17) comprises at least one leg (18) which, seen from the side, is inclined or vertical in relation to a horizontal plane, and that one or more flap turbines (1, 2) are rotatably stored in corresponding legs (18) on two power plant modules (17) which are arranged next to each other. 13. Power plant according to claim 12, characterized in that each power plant module (17) comprises two legs (18) which, seen from the side, are inclined or vertical in relation to a horizontal plane, and that one or more flap turbines (1, 2) are rotatably stored in corresponding legs (18) on two power plant modules (17) which are arranged next to each other. 15. Power plant according to one of the requirements 12-14, characterized in that the power plant modules (17), seen from the front, are essentially vertical in relation to a horizontal plane. 16. Power plant according to one of the requirements 12-15, characterized in that at least one of the power plant modules (17) is arranged with at least one movable plate element (22) for compressing the kinetic ocean energy against the at least one flap turbine (1,2). 17. Power plant according to one of claims 12-16, characterized in that the power plant modules (17) comprise a hull-shaped upper part to which the inclined legs (18) are attached and which at least partially protrudes above the surface of the water when the power plant is in use. 18. Power plant according to one of claims 12-17, characterized in that the power plant comprises at least one joint element (27, 27a, 27b) which at one end is movably attached to a power plant module 17 or module leg (18) on one of the power plant's power plant modules (17) and its other end is rotatably attached to an anchor element ( 28) on the seabed when the power plant is in use. 19. Power plant according to one of claims 12-18, characterized in that the power plant is anchored to another power plant in accordance with one of the requirements 12-18. 20. Power plant according to claim 19, characterized in that the power plant is anchored to another power plant with at least one joint element where the two ends of the joint elements (27, 27a, 27b) are movably (26) attached to the respective power plant.