NO320468B1 - System for monitoring and management of maintenance of equipment components - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and methods for monitoring and managing equipment life cycles. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus and methods for predicting preventive maintenance intervals and the need for replacement of components.

Machines require periodic, diagnostic maintenance to detect wear on machine parts, predict malfunctions, and locate problems. In modern machinery such as marine engines, cranes, automatic transmissions, gas turbine engines, paper mills, rolling mills, aircraft engines, helicopter transmissions and high-speed processing machines, failure of bearings, gears and other equipment often leads to costly production losses, serious and costly secondary damage and potentially life-threatening situations. Equipment failure occurs because gear/bearing frame assemblies and other components that are subjected to loads are exposed to wear and damage over time, such as splintered bearing roller elements, pitting on gear teeth and damage to race rings.

In order to achieve safe operation and avoid unplanned interruptions, critical components are often replaced at fixed, conservative intervals based only on usage time. Wear factors such as degree of load, displacement distances, load time and displacement speed can have a major impact on the wear and damage to equipment. Consequently, an early failure of the equipment can occur when the wear factors are higher than normal over a longer period of time. On the other hand, by relying only on service life as the triggering factor for the replacement of components, operating costs could be increased where the wear factors are minimal over a longer period of time. This is because the useful life of the component is lost, costs increase as a result of more frequent maintenance, and productivity decreases due to more frequent maintenance-related production downtime.

It is known from US 6532435 a system for monitoring available resources, for example money in an ATM. This system is not intended for monitoring wear components to plan maintenance. There is also no calculation of models for lifetime analysis.

US 20020087419 describes a component ordering system. Here too, no calculation of models for lifetime analysis is carried out, only ordering of components based on the component's operating time.

There is a need in this area for a system that will be able to more accurately predict preventive maintenance intervals and define the needs for replacement of equipment components. There is also a need for a method that will be able to more accurately predict preventive maintenance intervals and define the needs for replacement of equipment components.

The present invention is, in one embodiment, a system for managing the replacement/maintenance of components for equipment that has a plurality of components that all have a limited useful life (useful life). The system includes: A computer system with a processor, a computer program module for the definition of an operating profile comprising a plurality of operating situations for the equipment, each operating situation involving two or more of the plurality of components and specific operating conditions to which it is assumed that the involved components are exposed during the execution of each operating situation; a computer program module which determines a theoretical useful life for each of the components involved in an operating profile, said theoretical useful life being based on useful life data for the component under defined operating conditions; sensors that detect and monitor the occurrence of a work operation corresponding to an operating situation, and measure the actual operating conditions occurring during the operation, and the number of such operations; and a computer program module for calculating a corrected theoretical useful life for a component that has undergone one or more work operations, based on a comparison of actual operating conditions and assumed operating conditions during the operation in the operating situation.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method for managing the maintenance of remote equipment with replaceable components. The method includes: Arrangement of a plurality of sensors on said remote equipment, where these sensors read the operating conditions for each of one or more replaceable components; receiving read operating condition data from said plurality of sensors, in a database; comparing at least part of the read data with one or more parameters from a dimensioning operating profile for the remote equipment; and, in response to the comparison step, identification of one or more replaceable components recommended for replacement, with a proposed future replacement date.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a computer program which is stored on computer-readable media for use in a system for managing the maintenance of components for equipment with a plurality of components which all have a limited useful life. The program includes: A module that receives an operating profile comprising a plurality of operating situations for the equipment, where each operating situation involves two or more of the plurality of components and specific operating conditions to which it is assumed that the involved components are exposed during the execution of each operating situation; a module which determines a theoretical useful life for each of the components covered by an operating profile, said theoretical useful life being based on useful life data for the component under defined operating conditions; a module that receives data from sensors that detect and monitor the occurrence of a work operation corresponding to an operation situation, and measures the actual operating conditions occurring during the work operation, and the number of such work operations; and a module that calculates a corrected theoretical useful life for an equipment component that has undergone one or more work operations, based on a comparison of actual operating conditions and the operating conditions assumed to occur during the work operation in the operating situation.

A further embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic web-based service designed so that customers can be in contact, either online or offline, with any drilling equipment connected to the system. On-site operators or personnel located elsewhere, for example at the company's headquarters, can use information and knowledge stored among vast amounts of data. Part of the concept is to capture and send existing instrument signals from equipment to a central database. By also applying the knowledge the company has about the equipment, such as theoretical models, diagnostic algorithms, statistics, cumulative workload, etc., a service provider can send added value information back to the company that operates the equipment. The system can deliver statistics for the last hour from one specific machine, or advanced diagnostic algorithms that are applied to equipment operated/used by different companies. The system can help pinpoint potential areas for improved performance, and can also help predict and schedule requested maintenance.

There are two main methods for analyzing the condition of an equipment component: One is based on advanced engineering models and mathematical models that serve as references for comparing operational data and theoretical data. The second, and more common way of looking at it is that there is no known, reliable model or theoretical knowledge about the operation of and wear on the equipment. In that case, empirical analysis of trends and patterns in large collected amounts of data, from a large number of equipment components, can over time provide better and better interpretation of equipment conditions. Regardless of which method is used, better condition models will enable the calculation of weighted equipment use, i.e. use that is not only measured in time or the number of repetitions of a work operation, but based on load or other conditions that have an impact on the life of the equipment. There is of course a big difference between 1000 operating hours with a heavy load and 1000 operating hours with no load at all. Certain parts wear out more quickly under specific operating conditions, e.g. higher speeds, and some at other conditions, such as higher load. It is possible to define a "wear map" for each component in any machine. By combining this wear map with operational data, the remaining service life of wear parts can be estimated. This will form the basis for a reliability-focused maintenance solution (Reliability Centered Maintenance - RCM), where service and inspection intervals and the need for spare parts can be dynamically estimated based on current condition and remaining lifetime data. This results in longer service and inspection intervals with little or no increase in the risk of failure. One can also achieve greater reliability and security.

A typical system according to a further embodiment of the invention may comprise the following main elements:

Instrumentation (including sensors)

o This can be existing instrumentation on the equipment and/or new instrumentation • User site computer - A physical data capture device that is located on or near the monitored equipment and is connected to the instruments, • A server that receives data from a plurality of user site computers and has the ability to upgrade the software in the user site computer,

• Communication network, e.g. Internet

RCM-tj alone can have two types of operation: (1) Local monitoring - which is performed on-site or within an existing enterprise network; or (2) Performance monitoring - provided by one or a group of servers operated by a service provider. The local monitoring mode is intended for the acquisition of raw data and simple statistics. Performance monitoring provides information at a higher level, deeper analyzes of data, where the service provider's combined knowledge and machine expertise has been applied to the original data.

The system is designed to provide a single point of configuration for the service and for the equipment involved. In a dedicated web service, service administrators can configure all the elements included in the service. The configuration process involves:

- Selection of drilling equipment to be monitored

- Choice of type of on-site computer for data capture

- Selection and configuration of signals and parameters for the data logger

- Selection and configuration of calculations, filters and logging frequency for the data logger

- Selection and configuration of communication paths

- Selection of accumulated knowledge to be used in the central server

- Defining and creating company, installation and user accounts

Based on the entered data, the administration database in the central server can generate: - an XML configuration file that automatically sets up all aspects of the data logger

- an XML configuration file that automatically sets up local monitoring

- an XML configuration file that automatically sets up the contents of the local monitor - automatic configuration and creation of database tables in the performance monitor - automatic configuration of the data receiver in the server - a data stream handler

(log stream handler)

An empirical service model can be defined for each equipment or component type. This can be expressed in: Algorithms; constants; capacity constraints; including 2D capacity limitations; error codes. To make it possible to incorporate empirical learning, the service provider will periodically review the collected data and correlate this with known cases, events, checks and replacements. Various data mining techniques can be used here.

To enable empirical learning, the product manager will also have authorization to review and be able to collect all equipment for all customers with the same image and with the same analysis tool. The product manager can:

- See parameters over time

- See parameters in relation to load

- View parameters against any other categorized parameter

- Build up statistics based on information about

o Alarms

o Operations

o Maintenance

o Any other monitored and accumulated data

- Investigate the details of accidents, incidents or episodes (for example broken parts)

Based on this, new algorithms and capacity limitations can be developed which are implemented in the data analysis processor for the type of equipment in question.

Although several embodiments are described, even more embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which description shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention. As will be appreciated, various obvious aspects of the invention may be modified, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description shall be deemed to be of an illustrative nature, and not restrictive.

The following are illustrated in the attached drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing one embodiment of the system according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the steps involved when the system of FIG. 1 is used to provide a useful life analysis report and other maintenance recommendations. FIG. 3 a flowchart showing how the system of FIG. 1 is used to handle maintenance data. FIG. 4a is a depiction of a screen for an Internet entry portal to a computer system making use of the subject matter of the invention. FIG. 4b is a depiction of a screen image for an interactive map used in a computer system making use of the subject matter of the invention. FIG. 4c is a depiction of a screen for a due or scheduled maintenance module. FIG. 4d is a depiction of a screen for a maintenance and parts manual module used in a computer system utilizing the subject matter of the invention. FIG. 4e is a depiction of a screen for a data capture module that displays operational data and useful life data, and is used in a computer system utilizing the subject matter of the invention. FIG. 4f is a depiction of a screen for a spare parts module used in a computer system making use of the subject matter of the invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the main features of a simplified useful life analysis for components, based on a theoretical operating profile and assumed operating conditions. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the main features of a simplified useful life analysis for components, based on a real operating profile and real operating conditions. FIG. 7 is a graphical representation comparing actual component utilization against a theoretical profile for component utilization. FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of a component utilization profile for a first component. FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of a component utilization profile for a second component. FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of a component utilization profile for a third component. FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram showing another embodiment of the system according to the present invention. FIG. 12 is a data flow diagram showing certain data processing components in the user site computer in the system of FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is another data flow diagram showing certain data processing components in the system of FIG. 11. FIG. 14 is a further data flow diagram showing certain data processing components of the user site computer in the system of FIG. 11. FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing the steps involved when the system of FIG. 11 is used to collect and analyze data. FIG. 16 is a table of typical parameters that are measured and logged for a slurry pump. FIG. 17 shows in the upper part some constants that are used when calculating calculated parameters, and in the lower part a table of typical calculated parameters for a sludge pump. FIG. 18 shows a table containing the limit values for certain critical parameters. FIG. 19 shows a screen printout containing a table of measurements made for a sludge pump. FIG. 20 shows a screen printout containing a diagram showing the current from a slurry pump, with current plotted as a function of time. FIG. 21 shows a screen printout containing a diagram showing the outlet pressure distribution against the pump's rotational speed. FIG. 22 shows an example of a typical working diagram for a slurry pump, where this shows the distribution of pump utilization. FIG. 23 shows a screen printout containing a diagram of a mud pump's clrift timer. FIG. 24 shows a screen printout containing a diagram showing the use of a slurry pump, with minute-by-minute reporting. FIG. 25 shows a curve showing the torque of two motors A and B that drive the pump in a period of time from 01:00, where it can be seen that there was a stoppage in the pump at 02:15.

A. Construction of equipment and components useful life:

When sophisticated equipment is to be constructed, it is often defined with a planned useful life for the entire equipment unit. In reality, the design must take into account the useful life of a variety of equipment components. For components that are critical to useful life, useful life data is usually available from a manufacturer or other source in possession of actual useful life test data and/or theoretical projections derived from actual useful life data. Useful life is typically specified for one or more specified, assumed operating conditions. An operating condition can be specified in the form of a step, such as speed or load, and a duration for maintaining this speed or load and/or a distance for maintaining the work intensity, but can also include other operating conditions such as, for example, environmental factors that may have an impact on useful life, e.g. working temperature, humidity, any corrosive agents or particulate matter present. A component's theoretical useful life under the assumed operating conditions can then be expressed in hours, days or another long period of time. Typically, as construction guidance, a gray trap will have a set of graphs showing the effect of load, speed or other operating conditions on the useful life (or this can be prepared on the basis of existing data and theoretically or empirically derived formulas). In some cases, it may be necessary to carry out tests to establish accurate useful life data for an equipment component. Regardless of the source, equipment designers typically want reliable data showing the relationship between a range of operating conditions and the duration or repetitions of those conditions, and the useful life of a component that may have been selected in the original design.

The problem of useful life is not particularly difficult when one only has to consider a single component that works in one or a small number of ways. But in complicated systems that perform different work operations, it is more difficult to determine the useful life. One technique known among equipment designers is to define an operating profile. An operating profile specifies specific work operations that the equipment will perform and determines which key components are involved in each operation and how these will be used in that operation. An operational profile can be described for an expected (or design) total useful life for the equipment in question. For example, the following can define a duty profile for an anchoring system used on an offshore oil platform: This duty cycle can be defined for a total estimated lifetime of 25 years with six rig movements per year and twelve rig walks per year.

As an alternative, the operating profile can be described based on which functions the equipment has, and how much of any given period of time the equipment will perform each work operation or no operation. For example, the following operating profile can be used for a crane:

Referring to the first operating profile example, one can

anchoring system designer, once such an operating profile is defined, then determine which key components (winches, transmission systems, shafts, bearings, wire ropes etc.) are involved in each case/situation, and which operating conditions are required for each of the key components in each operating situation. Most components will be involved in more than one situation, and can be operated under different operating conditions in the various situations. This makes it possible to calculate the operating profile requirements for each equipment component for the assumed operating profile and the total estimated lifetime. The designer can then select components with useful life characteristics that make it possible to use this component in the assumed operating cycle at least through the total expected lifetime. In some cases, it may be that the available equipment components do not exactly match the total calculated lifetime, and a component can be selected which is seen to have a useful life which, under the assumed operational profile, will be longer than the total calculated lifetime. In other cases, a component may be unavailable or be too costly if it has to fulfill the total calculated lifetime without replacement. In this case, one can calculate a component's useful life under the assumed operating profile (which includes the assumed operating conditions) and plan the replacement of such a component at certain intervals during the total useful life.

However, the actual operating conditions for the equipment may be stricter or milder than the operating profile assumed for the original construction. This has several consequences for the person who owns or operates the equipment. It may become necessary to maintain components earlier or later than originally planned. Certain components that were not expected to require maintenance during the calculated lifetime will require maintenance where the operating profile is more stringent than the operating profile used in the original construction. It is much better to carry out such maintenance in a planned way than to have to carry out immediate maintenance in the middle of what was planned to be a period of productive use of the equipment (and which now has to be interrupted), or that the equipment fails. The latter can cause damage to people or equipment and result in losses that are far more serious than simply not being able to use the equipment.

Previous ways of solving this situation consist, among other things, of simply observing how the equipment works and intervening when you see that the equipment is failing or about to fail. Alternatively, in some situations, a sensor can be used that detects when an equipment component is about to fail, for example because it is deformed or requires greater operating force than usual, or the characteristic data changes in some other way. Such practices can postpone maintenance until it is needed, but they can also cause equipment to be operated to the point of failure or near-failure, which will necessitate an immediate, unplanned emergency shutdown of operations.

B. Summary of the Present Invention:

The present invention seeks to reduce or avoid such unplanned interventions and carry out replacements of equipment components in a planned manner, even in situations where the operating profile that is actually in use is relatively far from the operating profile that was used in the original calculation of the total useful life.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the elements of a data capture and management system according to the present invention. The system is designed to manage component replacement for one or more equipment units. FIG. 1 shows a crane 300 and a winch or anchoring system 400 as examples; the system can handle other types of equipment and more than two equipment units.

As will be apparent from the subsequent discussion, the system will monitor and collect data from work operations performed by the equipment. More specifically, the system will monitor and collect data from work operations carried out by individual components that make up the overall equipment. The system can provide real-time access to operations carried out by the equipment and its components. The system makes it possible to compare the actual operating conditions to which the equipment is subjected, directly with the original, theoretical operating profiles that the equipment designers used as a basis for calculations. The system can then analyze the differences between the actual and theoretical operating profile, gather information to adjust the original projections for useful life, and plan maintenance accordingly. The system uses the analysis to determine how much of the component's useful life has been used up at the time the operating condition data is collected.

As shown in FIG. 1, the system includes a communication network 10 and a computer system 40 with an output device 22 (such as a printer) and a terminal 30 for the maintenance manager. The system further includes equipment operator/owner terminals 50,52, two sensor data lines 304 (for crane 300) and 404 (for winch system 400), both of which have several corresponding sensor inputs 302,402 (for simplicity, only three inputs are shown for each of crane 300 and winch 400, although many more sensors may be placed on the equipment to provide inputs) that are associated with specific components and their operating parameters in crane 300 and winch 400.

The computer 40 includes a processor 100 with an operating system, devices 110 for communication management, and user-oriented software 120. The programs 120 have access to a database 200 that includes files for operating condition data 210, operating profiles 220, manuals/maintenance information 230, and ordering information 240, as well as other information which can be used by the system.

The devices 110 for communication management communicate with a communication network 10 (which can be a public computer network such as the Internet, or a private network) via a communication link 12. The computer 40 is connected to the maintenance manager's terminal 30 and the printing device 20 via communication links 22 and 32 respectively. The operator/owner terminals 50, 52, which can use a web browser to access a website supported by computer 40, are connected to the communication network 10 via communication links 24 and 26, respectively. The equipment operator/owner terminals 50, 52 allow the operator/ the owner can access via an Internet portal the "real-time" operations of the equipment and archive data files for maintenance generated by the system. The functions that an operator/owner can access via the Internet portal are described in more detail in section C of this patent description.

Sensor inputs 302 are placed on the crane 300 to monitor the operating conditions of key components such as the slewing bearing, container ring bearing, winches, crane arm, etc. In connection with the crane 300, the sensor inputs 302 may include, for example: A rotation angle sensor that measures the radial displacement of the crane arm, a sensor for the crane arm angle (i.e. . an inclinometer (inclinometer)) which measures the crane arm's inclination displacements and crane arm angles; and a load sensor that measures the load in the rear leg structure (with knowledge of the crane's geometry, the system can calculate the reading from the sensor to an equivalent load on the rolling gear ring or the swing bearing). Similarly, sensor inputs 402 are located on winch 400 to monitor the operating conditions of key components such as drum, drum bearing, drum spool device, etc.

The sensor inputs 302,402 communicate operating condition data to their respective sensor data lines 304,404. The sensor data lines 304,404 forward operating condition data to the computer 40 via the devices 110 for communication control in the computer 40 via the communication network 10.1 one embodiment uses the sensor data lines 304, 404 existing PLCs on the equipment and additional programs on the PLCs to obtain data from the sensor inputs 302,402. This data is formatted using XML (extensible markup language) or an equivalent standard and then sent to or shared with a PC or other processor programmed and configured to use TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol) or other data transmission protocols to transmit data via the communication network 10 to the computer 40. Thus, the equipment 300, 400 can be located remotely from or even far away from the computer 40. The user programs 120 receive and store incoming operating condition data in operating condition data files 210 in the database 200. The operating condition data is thus available to analysis, including further processing that enables comparison with and use in the component wear models defined in the operating profiles 220, which is explained in the subsequent discussion directed to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 is a logic diagram showing the processes 1200 performed by the user programs 120 with respect to the operating condition data and operating profiles. Before the process can be carried out, the relevant operating profiles 220 from the original design calculation and any auxiliary data that was used to analyze the useful life of the component under different operating conditions must be loaded. This data is coordinated with and used by the user programs 120. As shown in FIG. 2, process 1200 starts with a start/wait state 1202. When process 1200 is started, it asks if there is new operating condition data 1204 (ie, if new operating condition data has been received from sensor inputs 302,402). If the new operating condition data is not available, the process 1200 will determine whether there is a need for a condition check of the sensors 1206. This check is carried out to determine whether the lack of receipt of new operating condition data is due to a malfunction in a sensor. If there is a need to check the sensor condition, process 1200 performs the condition check of the sensors and reports the result 1208. The process then returns to start/wait mode 1202.

If the process 1200 determines that there is new operating condition data 1204, the new operating condition data is received and stored 1210 in the system's database 200. The process 1200 then determines whether there is a request for real-time analysis for the equipment 1212. If this is not the case, the process determines whether there is time for a scheduled periodic analysis 1214. If there is no time for a periodic analysis, the process 1200 returns to state/wait mode 1202. If it is time for a periodic analysis (e.g. you are at the end of a specified monitoring period for a particular piece of equipment, such as a day, week, month, etc.), the process 1200 accesses the operating condition data for the specific piece of equipment and prepares the data for comparison and analysis 1216.

If the process 1200 determines that there is a request for real-time analysis for the equipment 1212, the process 1200 directly sets about accessing the operating condition data for the equipment and makes the data ready for comparison and analysis 1216. The process 1200 then enters the equipment's operating profile and checks whether there are new maintenance updates 1218 that have been added recently and may affect the operating profile analysis. The process 1200 then performs a comparison and analysis of operating condition data against the equipment's operating profile 1220.

As described in section D of this patent description, the operating profile is part of the original design process, and is used to select the original components and prepare a theoretical useful life for each key component under assumed operating situations and operating conditions. One returns to the operating profile and its assumed operating conditions, as well as the assumed useful life data for the component in the original construction calculation, in the comparison and analysis step 1220 in order to be able to correct the predictions about the useful life of the component and any corresponding maintenance plans, after some information has been collected about actual operating conditions.

The process 1200 then determines whether there are critical useful life results for any components 1222 (ie whether there are components that have reached or will soon reach the end of their useful life and are in immediate need of maintenance or replacement). If this is not the case, the process 1200 sets up useful life results and plans for desired maintenance 1224. This includes the preparation of electronic and/or paper reports containing operating conditions, useful life and recommendations for long-term and short-term maintenance plans per component. The process 1200 then determines whether automatic ordering 1226 of some components has been specified. If no automatic order has been specified, the process 1200 sends a message about planned inspection and order request 1228 to the owner/operator of the equipment and any parties involved in the maintenance service. This prompts the relevant people to order the necessary components. If an automatic order has been specified, the process 1200 will ensure that the components are procured and sent, and that maintenance is carried out according to a plan 1230 generated by the system.

If the process 1200 determines that there are critical service life results for a component 1222, the process 1200 will issue an expedited report (eg, email to terminals 50, 52; fax; messages back to sensor data lines 304,404) and schedule emergency inspection 1232 through contact with maintenance staff and owner/operator of the equipment. The process 1200 will then ensure that the components are procured and shipped, and that maintenance is carried out according to a plan generated by the system 1230. The process 1200 then updates the maintenance log based on the notification of completed maintenance 1234. The process 1200 then returns to the start /wait mode 1202.

FIG. 3 illustrates a process 1300 for entering maintenance information into the system. Maintenance can affect useful life calculations when a spare part is entered into the analysis. This is because a new component does not have a history that includes previous operating conditions. In addition, a new component may possibly have a different theoretical useful life under the assumed operating conditions.

Process 1300 initializes the maintenance log based on equipment configuration 1302. Process 1300 then waits for periodic or special maintenance reports for equipment 1304, e.g. input data from terminals 50, 52 if maintenance is registered by the owner/operator, or from terminal 30 if it is registered by the person operating the system on FIG. 1.

Next, the process 1300 determines whether there is new data in the maintenance log 1306. If this is not the case, the process 1300 continues to wait for maintenance reports for the equipment 1304. If there is new data in the maintenance log, the process 1300 stores the maintenance log data with the discussed components in a specific equipment configuration which has undergone maintenance 1308.

The process 1300 will then determine whether the data in the maintenance log has any impact on the useful life data for any of the components 1310. If not, the process will again await maintenance reports for the equipment 1304. If the data in the maintenance log has an impact on any of the components' useful life data, the process 1300 will update the component's useful life data and any affected operating profiles to reflect the maintenance 1312 including any changes to the component useful life data files. Then the process 1300 will again await maintenance reports for the equipment 1304.

C. Functions available through the Internet portal:

In one embodiment, the operator/owner, maintenance personnel or the service provider can access the system online via the Internet. Thus, the person entering the system can enter through an Internet portal (see FIG. 4a) which is designed in a modular format comprising standard web-based protocol structure. The internet portal provides access to modules that apply to the equipment connected to the system. The modules are accessible via multiple navigation paths for any equipment connected to the system. In one embodiment, the modules include a maintenance module, a maintenance and parts manual module, a data log module, a spare parts module, and an equipment location map module.

In one embodiment, the owner/operator will be able to access an interactive world map or map of a portion of the world online, as shown in FIG. 4b. The map will show where the owner/operator's equipment managed by the system is located. By clicking on the desired location or equipment, the owner/operator, based on the choices made, gets access to the modules and/or data for each equipment unit. Alternatively, a customized, dynamically designed menu based on each owner/operator's equipment list can be displayed at the top. Drop-down menus take the owner/operator right to the modules for each equipment unit. Using standard website structure, the system can be adapted to take care of each owner/operator's work operations.

The maintenance module is designed so that it is easy to access maintenance records via the web portal. Each person (with access to the Internet) who logs into the system will have a unique password that will provide different levels of access. A person or persons who carry out the actual maintenance of the equipment can, for example, only have access to the input sheet for recording the control time and data. Your boss will have access to the next report level, which shows maintenance history. Each access step or level is controlled by the login password.

Each piece of equipment on the customer's inventory has a planned maintenance interval that is loaded into the system. The system automatically notifies you of maintenance tasks that are due, and when these are to be carried out. The delayed or scheduled maintenance tasks screen shown in FIG. 4c, illustrates the type of data that will be available to the maintenance manager so that he can effectively plan the maintenance work.

As soon as the maintenance is finished, the data is loaded into the system and is available online to anyone with security access to this part of the module. All maintenance records are kept up-to-date and enable 'real-time' access and planning of preventive maintenance.

The Maintenance and Parts Manual module provides "real-time" access to the most recently updated documents. These manuals are periodically updated on the system and sent to an owner/operator's head office for distribution to the equipment unit. Online access to the manuals, as shown in FIG. 4d, provides maintenance personnel and operators immediate access to service change updates and security features for the equipment managed by the system.

The data capture module provides access to historical information that shows in detail the actual load or other operating conditions that have been recorded for each of the monitored components in the equipment unit throughout the life of the equipment component. These recorded data are compared with theoretical design factors (construction profiles), and these comparisons are used to predict preventive maintenance plans for the monitored component. As shown in FIG. 4e, the data log module can also make use of operating condition data to create a table of and sum the total throughput/production capacity in a single equipment unit, which provides an information basis for planning, production plans and maintenance plans. The spare parts module provides access to parts manuals and drawings. As shown in FIG. 4f, the parts list is available online together with the associated drawing list. The individual part can be identified online, and the stock status, price and delivery can be stated. The component can be ordered online. D. Simplified examples of calculating a component's theoretical and actual useful life: A highly simplified example will now be given of the process of calculating a component's theoretical and actual useful life for individual components of equipment X (e.g. a crane, winch, loading device etc.). Although wear on a component is a function of many factors such as force, torque, speed of rotation, acceleration, deceleration, temperature, corrosion, particles, surface treatment, lubrication, friction, etc., for the sake of simplicity, component wear is equated with work in the following example (ie force or torque multiplied by displacement) exerted by the equipment.

In general, the process according to the invention initially plans maintenance for equipment X on the basis of assumed operating profiles which are based on assumed operating conditions. When equipment X starts its operational life, operating condition data is collected by the system. The collected data is used to adjust the equipment's X theoretical operating profiles. The adjusted operational profiles are then used to adjust the maintenance plans for the equipment. The adjusted operating profiles are also used to calculate how much of the equipment's lifetime has been used up to this point in time. The adjusted operating profiles are also used to estimate the remaining expected life of the equipment.

As can be understood from the following example, the actual operating conditions may shorten or extend the actual useful life of the equipment and the equipment component in relation to the originally assumed useful life of the equipment and the equipment component, depending on whether the actual operating conditions are milder or more severe than originally assumed. As can be inferred from the above drawings and discussion, and as will become more apparent from the subsequent discussion, the system and process according to the present invention makes it possible to automatically update the predicted equipment life and maintenance plans based on real-time operating data for equipment X. The simplified example is as follows: FIG. 5 shows an exemplary, but greatly simplified, analysis of an assumed operational profile, divided into components for equipment X (e.g. a crane, windlass, loading device, etc.). As shown in FIG. 5, equipment X has components A, B and C.

When calculating an assumed operating profile, an equipment designer first assumes an equipment lifetime for the equipment in question. For this example, the assumed equipment life for equipment X is 25 years. The designer then makes an assumption regarding the number and type of work operations (i.e. operating situations and repetitions of these) equipment X will undergo during its assumed equipment life. Each operating situation is assumed to be a specific type of work operation at a specific load level and a specific displacement level.

As indicated in FIG. 5, equipment X is assumed to come into three different operating situations (Operating situation 1,2 and 3) during its assumed equipment lifetime. It is assumed that equipment X will perform N1 (e.g. 100) "Operating situation 1" operations, N2 (e.g. 50) "Operating situation 2" operations and N3 (e.g. 125) "Operating situation 3" operations operations during the 25 years that are equipment X's estimated lifetime.

For Equipment X, Operating Situation 1 will cause Component A (eg, rotating shaft) to rotate 10 radians at a torque of 100 ft.lbs and Component B to move 5 feet against a force of 10 pounds. Component C (eg a block washer) is not involved in Operating Situation 1. Each instance of Operating Situation 1 will thus subject Component A to a work of Cl (1000) ft.lbs, Component B to a work of C2 (50) ft .lbs and Component C for a work of C3 (zero) ft.lbs. Operating situation 1 is assumed to occur NINE (100) times during the equipment's estimated lifetime of 25 years.

For Equipment X, Operating Situation 2 will cause Component B to move 10 feet against a force of 50 pounds and Component C to rotate 20 radians at a torque of 50 ft.lbs. Component A is not involved in Operating Situation 2. Each instance of Operating Situation 2 will thus subject Component B to a work of C5 (500) ft.lbs, Component C to a work of C6 (1000) ft.lbs and Component A to a work of C4 (zero) ft.lbs. Operating situation 2 is assumed to occur N2 (50) times during the equipment's estimated lifetime of 25 years.

For Equipment X, Operating Situation 3 will cause Component A to rotate 15 radians at a torque of 200 ft.lbs, Component B to move 10 feet against a force of 200 Ibs, and Component C to rotate 30 radians at a torque of 200 ft.lbs .lbs. Each instance of operating situation 3 will thus expose Component A to work on C7

(3000) ftlbs, Component B for a work of C8 (2000) ft.lbs, and Component C for a work of C9 (6000) ft.lbs. Operating situation 3 is assumed to occur N3 (125) times during the equipment's estimated lifetime of 25 years.

As shown in FIG. 5, the workload for each component in each operating situation is multiplied by the number of times this operating situation occurs. These values are then summed for each component to arrive at the component's theoretical component utilization profile. For example, the formula for component A's theoretical component utilization profile (TCUPa) is: (NI x Cl) + (N2 x C4) + (N3 x C7) = TCUPA, which gives a work of 475,000 ft.lbs. Under the conditions of the assumed operating profile, Component A will thus have to withstand a wear/load/stress equivalent to 475,000 ft.lbs of work in order to have a component construction profile that corresponds to the equipment's assumed calculated lifetime of 25 years. Similarly, the formula for Component B's assumed theoretical component utilization profile (TCUPB) is: (NI x C2) + (N2 x C5) + (N3 x C8) = TCUPB, giving a work of 280,000 ft.lbs. Under the conditions of the assumed operating profile, Component B will thus have to withstand a wear/elastnmg/stress equivalent to 280,000 ft.lbs of work in order to have a component construction profile that corresponds to the equipment's assumed calculated lifetime of 25 years. Finally, the formula for Component C's theoretical component utilization profile (TCUPC) is: (NI x C3) + (N2 x C6) + (N3 x C9) = TCUPC, which gives a work of 800,000 ft.lbs. Under the conditions of the assumed operating profile, Component C will thus have to withstand a wear/load/stress equivalent to 800,000 ft.lbs of work in order to have a component construction profile that corresponds to the equipment's assumed calculated lifetime of 25 years.

Once the theoretical component utilization profiles are developed, they can be used in the selection of actual components. A component's theoretical component utilization profile can also be used for initial planning of maintenance for the relevant component.

Sometimes the available components will have wear/load/stress data or characteristics that correspond to the correct theoretical component utilization profile. Under these circumstances, the theoretical component lifetime under the operating profile will be equal to the assumed calculated lifetime of the equipment. This situation is reflected in FIG. 5 for Component A. The full Wear/Stress/Strain Ratings (WSSR - Wear/Stress/Strain Ratings) data (ie 475,000 ft.lbs of work) for the relevant Component A can be used, if necessary, for the selected calculated life (ie the assumed calculated lifetime of 25 years).

Occasionally, it will not be possible to find a component that has the WSSR or characteristics that correspond to the correct theoretical component utilization profile. The component actually selected may have a WSSR or characteristic that is significantly higher or lower than the correct theoretical component utilization profile. In FIG. 5 was e.g. the component actually selected as Component B, capable of withstanding wear/load/stress equivalent to a work of 392,000 ft.lbs. Thus, Component B's theoretical component life under the assumed operating profile would be 35 years. Additionally, if needed, this entire capacity is available throughout the selected design life (ie, the assumed design life of 25 years), since the WSSR for Component B is 392,000 ft.lbs.

As an example to the contrary, the component actually selected as Component C in FIG. 5, only capable of withstanding a wear/load/stress equivalent to a work of 400,000 ft.lbs. Thus, Component C's theoretical component lifetime under the assumed operating profile would be 12.5 years. In order to satisfy the requirements for the selected calculated lifetime (ie 25 years), two Component C must be used one after the other. The actual WSSR for the two Component Cs is thus 800,000 ft.lbs, which is available, if necessary, throughout the selected design life.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a very simplified actual operating profile divided into components for equipment X in an actual period of use. The actual period of use in this example will be the first two years that equipment X is in operation.

When calculating an actual operating profile, measurements of force, torque and displacement are obtained from sensors linked to the individual components A, B and C (see FIG. 1 and 2). As equipment X performs a work operation (ie operating situation), the corresponding measurement readings for force, torque and displacement are recorded.

As shown in FIG. 6, equipment X has performed NINE (10) Operational Situation 1 operations during the first two years of equipment X's operational life. However, the values for force, torque and displacement in the actual Operating Situation 1 have been different from those chosen for the assumed operating profile. For example, the actual Operating Profile 1 operations have resulted in Component A (e.g., rotating shaft) rotating 10 radians at a torque of 200 ft.lbs, and Component B (e.g., a hydraulic ram) moving 5 feet against a force of 5 pounds. Component C (eg, a block washer) was not involved in Operating Situation 1. Thus, each instance of Operating Situation 1 would subject Component A to a work of Cl (2000) ftlbs, Component B to a work of C2 (25) ft.lbs , and Component C for a work of C3 (zero) ftlbs.

As shown in FIG. 6, equipment X has performed N2 (5) Operating profile 2 operations during the first two years of equipment X's operational life. However, the values for force, torque and displacement in the actual Operating Situation 2 have been different from those chosen for the assumed operating profile. For example, the actual Operating Situation 2 operations have resulted in Component B moving 5 feet against a force of 25 pounds and Component C rotating 20 radians at a torque of 50 ftlbs. component A was not involved in Operating Situation 2. Thus, each instance of Operating Situation 2 would subject Component B to a work of C5 (125) ftlbs, Component C to a work of C6 (1000) ftlbs and Component A to a work of C4 (zero ) ftlbs.

As shown in FIG. 6, equipment X has performed N3 (12) Operational situation 3 operations during the first two years of equipment X's operational life. However, the values for force, torque and displacement in the actual Operating Situation 3 have been different from those chosen for the assumed operating profile. For example, the actual Operating Situation 3 operations have resulted in Component A rotating 25 radians at a torque of 400 ftlbs, Component B moving 5 feet against a force of 100 pounds, and Component C rotating 30 radians at a torque of 200 ft lbs. Thus, each occurrence of Operating Situation 3 will subject Component A to a work of C7 (10000) ft.lbs, Component B to a work of C8 (500) ft.lbs, and Component C to a work of C9 (6000) ftlbs.

As shown in FIG. 6, multiply the actual figure for ft.lbs of work per operating situation for each component with the actual number of occurrences of the relevant operating situation to date (that is, for this example, the actual number of occurrences of the relevant operating situation during the first two years equipment X is in operation). These values are then summed for each component to arrive at the actual component usage (ACU - actual component usage) for this component. For example, the formula for Component A's actual component utilization (ACUa) is: (NI x Cl) + (N2 x C4) + (N3 x C7) = ACUa, which gives a value of 140,000 ft.lbs of work.

As shown in FIG. 5, the WSSR of actual Component A used in equipment X corresponds to Component A's theoretical component utilization profile (475,000 ftlbs). By dividing actual component utilization (140,000) by 475,000, you see that approx. 29.5 percent of Component A's useful life has been used. This is reflected in FIG. 4 and 7.

FIG. 4e is a computer screen showing the lift history 500 of a piece of equipment (eg, a crane) and the percent remaining life of a component (eg, slewing bearing) of the piece of equipment 510. FIG. 7 is a graphical representation (similar to that shown at 510 of FIG. 4e) that provides a graphical comparison of actual component utilization and WSSR for each of the actual components in use.

As shown in FIG. 4e, the crane's lifting history 500 is recorded in the form of percent load capacity 505 and turning angle 515. These factors are recorded according to a time stamp 520. This information is used in the process according to the invention to adjust the operational profile of the slewing bearing over time. As the operating profile is adjusted, the percentage of swing bearing life used up 525 can be displayed on the screen as shown in graphical representation 510.

In order to compare the actual degree of utilization for Component A with the theoretical degree of utilization which, according to the assumed operational profile, should have occurred during the first two years of operation for equipment X, reference is now made to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a graphic representation of how actual component utilization is in comparison with the assumed utilization profile in connection with WSSR for Component A.

As shown in FIG. 6, the theoretical proportion of the component's lifetime that should have been used during the first two years of operation is calculated using the following formula: (TCUPa/ selected expected lifetime) x actual number of years in use = theoretical lifetime used up in two years (TLLby ). For Component A, the TLL^y value is 38,000 ft.lbs and is indicated on the assumed operating profile curve in FIG. 8 using a circle. Since actual component utilization in two years is 140,000 ft.lbs, as on the operating profile of FIG. 8 is indicated by means of a dot, it can be seen that Component A wears out at a significantly higher rate than was predicted using the assumed operating profile. As reflected in FIG. 8, actual component utilization corresponds to approx. 7.4 years of operation at the pace that lies in the assumed operating profile. Consequently, Component A will have to be replaced in significantly less than 25 years if the actual utilization remains constant over time.

As shown in FIG. 6, the actual component utilization formula for Component B (ACUB) is: (NI x C2) + (N2 x C5) + (N3 x C8) = ACUB, giving a value of 6875 ft.lbs of work. As shown in FIG. 5, the WSSR for the actual Component B used in Equipment X was 392,000 ft.lbs. This value exceeds component B's theoretical component utilization profile (280000 ftlbs). Consequently, the actual WSSR of 392,000 is used in the subsequent calculation, because this capacity can be utilized throughout the chosen calculated lifetime of 25 years if necessary.

By dividing the actual component utilization (6875) by 392000, you see that approx. 1.75 percent of Component B's useful life has been utilized. This is reflected in FIG. 7, which provides a graphical comparison of actual component utilization with WSSR for each of the relevant components in use.

In order to compare the actual degree of utilization for Component B with the theoretical degree of utilization which, according to the assumed operational profile, should have occurred during the first two years that the equipment X was in operation, reference is now made to FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a graphic representation of how actual component utilization can be compared with the assumed utilization profile in connection with WSSR for Component B.

As shown in FIG. 6, the theoretical proportion of the component's lifetime that should have been used during the first two years of operation is calculated using the following formula: (TCUPb/selected expected lifetime) x actual number of years in use = theoretical lifetime used up in two years (TLU2y ). For Component B, the TLLky value is 22400 ft.lbs and is indicated on the assumed operating profile curve in FIG. 9 using a circle. Since actual component utilization in two years is 6875 ftlbs, as on the operating profile curve of FIG. 9 is indicated by means of a dot, it is understood that Component B wears at a significantly lower rate than was predicted by means of the assumed operating profile. As reflected in FIG. 9, actual component utilization corresponds to approx. 0.6 years of use at the pace according to the assumed operating profile. Consequently, Component B will last much longer than 25 years if the actual utilization remains constant over time. In addition, it is seen that Component B, as shown in FIG. 9, would have had a residual capacity of approx. 112,000 ft.lbs at the end of the 25-year period even though the actual component utilization was equal to the assumed utilization profile, because the actual Component B had a WSSR of 392,000 ftlbs, while the theoretical utilization profile for Component B only called for 280,000 ft.lbs.

As indicated in FIG. 6, the formula for Component C's actual component utilization (ACUc) is: (NI x C3) + (N2 x C6) + (N3 x C9) = ACUC, giving a work of 77,000 ftlbs As indicated in FIG. 5, the WSSR for the actual Component C used in Equipment X was 400,000 ftlbs. This value is less than Component C's theoretical component utilization profile (800000 ftlbs). Consequently, two Component Cs must be used in succession to achieve the selected calculated lifetime of 25 years. Adding the WS SR values for the first and second Component C gives a real, actual WSSR of 800000. This actual WSSR is used in the subsequent calculation because this capacity can be utilized throughout the selected 25 year design life if necessary.

By dividing the actual component utilization (77,000) by 800,000, you see that approx. 10 percent of the useful life of the first and second Component C has been utilized. This is reflected in FIG. 7, which provides a graphical comparison of actual component utilization with WSSR for each of the relevant components in use.

To compare the actual degree of utilization for Component C with the theoretical one

degree of utilization which, according to the assumed operational profile, should have occurred during the first two years that the equipment X was in operation, it is now shown to FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a graphic representation of how actual component utilization is in comparison with the assumed utilization profile in connection with WSSR for Component C.

As indicated in FIG. 6, the theoretical proportion of the component's lifetime that should have been used during the first two years of operation is calculated using the following formula: (TCUPc / selected expected lifetime) x actual number of years in operation = theoretical lifetime used in two years (TLLby) . For Component C, the TLLky value is 64,000 ftlbs and is shown on the curve for the assumed operating profile in FIG. 10 using a circle. Since actual component utilization in two years is 77000 ftlbs, as on the operating profile curve of FIG. 10 is shown using a dot, it can be seen that Component C wears at a higher rate than was predicted using the assumed operating profile. As reflected in FIG. 10, the actual component utilization corresponds to approx. 2.4 years of use at the pace according to the assumed operating profile. Consequently, there will be a need for more than two of Component C to last for 25 years if the actual utilization remains constant over time.

In short, the preceding operating profile analysis is used, which makes use of assumed or

theoretical operating conditions and available information about components' useful life under these conditions, to select components and set up an initial, theoretical plan for maintenance and component replacement. The plan is placed on the system, and as actual operating conditions are read and reported, the operating profile models are used as

was used in the original calculation and in the first, theoretical plan for^ maintenance and component replacement, to update the plan and recognize conditions that necessitate the maintenance of components. The update can either be carried out in real time as each set of operating condition data is reported, or periodically after data has been collected for a specified period of time.

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the present invention. It is similar in some aspects to the embodiment of FIG. 1, but is different in others. For completeness, the embodiment of FIG. 11 be explained in detail, even those features similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1.

In FIG. 11, the area 60 indicates the elements located on the site, i.e. on or near the equipment being monitored. Area 61 indicates the location of the customer's computer, e.g. the head office of the company using the equipment. Area 62 indicates the location of the service provider's computer. The service provider can be the same company that supplied the computer system and equipment.

At location 60, the monitored equipment 63 is found, which in this example is a top-driven rotary system and in a further example under a mud pump, but which can be any type of equipment suitable for monitoring. Furthermore, in area 60 there is a computer 64 and two user interfaces 65 and 66. User interface 65 contains documentation of the equipment 63. This can be technical specifications, manuals, certificates etc. User interface 66 provides monitoring of the equipment 63 at the user site and makes it possible for the operator to monitor the performance and condition of the equipment and associated sensors, both on an ongoing and historical basis. The user interfaces 65 and 66 are connected to the computer 64 at the user site via a local area network, indicated at 69. The user interfaces 65 and 66 can be accessed and viewed on any web browser connected to the network.

At the customer computer 61, there is also a documentation user interface 67 and a monitor interface 68. These provide access to essentially the same information as interfaces 65 and 66. Interfaces 67 and 68 are connected to the computer 64 at the user location via a network 70, which can be a private communications network, the Internet or a dedicated connection.

At the customer computer 61, there is also a user interface 71 which will be explained in more detail below.

In the service provider area 62 there is a server 73 (there may be one or more, depending on the need). This server 73 is connected to the computer 64 at the user location via the Internet, dedicated connection 74 or another communication path. The server 73 collects performance data from the equipment 63 from the computer 64 at the user site. The server 73 also collects performance data from other similar equipment which may be located at other user locations (not shown). Based on this collected data, the server 73 presents collected and analyzed information about the particular type of equipment. This information is made available to the customer through the performance monitor user interface 71 via a connection 75. The connection 75 may be the Internet, a dedicated connection, or another communication path.

The communication through the connections 70, 74 and 75 can take place through cables, any wireless communication system, via satellite or another communication path. If the Internet was used as a connection, it is only required that the computers at the user site, at the customer's and at the service provider's can be connected to the Internet.

On the equipment 63 there are various sensors 76. These take measurements on the equipment 63 and present these to the computer 64 at the user site. This computer 64 is preferably a computer which is reserved for the equipment 63 and which can be physically connected to the equipment 63, so that it will follow the equipment if the equipment is moved to another location. Accordingly, the computer 64 at the user location can also be called an equipment computer. Computer 64 is configured to monitor more than one piece of equipment, preferably several completely different types. FIG. 12 and 13 show a more detailed representation of the monitoring system according to the embodiment of FIG. 11. In FIG. 12 some of the elements are removed compared to

FIG. 13, and vice versa, to facilitate the explanation of some of the aspects.

FIG. 12 shows how a new user site computer 64, and consequently a new equipment unit 63, is connected to the monitoring system, and the arrangement of the user site computer. The service provider's server 73 is here divided into several elements 77-85. These will be explained in what follows.

At the service provider there is also a performance monitor component 86 which is a user interface corresponding to the performance monitor 71 at the customer. There is also an analytical performance monitor component 87, which is yet another user interface that will be explained in more detail later. Finally, there is also a database management GUI (graphical user interface) 88. Moreover, as an additional device, there may be a business-to-business server 89 at the service provider, where this acts as an interface to other customer computer systems.

Administration database The GUren 88 provides access to a database that contains detailed information about all the equipment that can be connected to the monitoring system, including user interface information. During creation, an administration database component 81 receives information about the specific equipment type to be connected. Administration database component 81 then defines how the original measurements will be processed, so that the presentation of the values is appropriate for further processing and analysis and for presentation at the user interface. These definitions can, for example, be the time between each time a measurement is saved, smoothing of measurements, etc. The administration database 81 also contains the correspondence between a value that is read on the equipment and the parameter to which the value belongs.

The administration database 81 supplies these definitions to a configuration file generator 79, an information server 78 and a generator 77 for local graphical user interface. The configuration file generator 79 generates a configuration file for the user site computer 64, and the local graphical user interface generator 77 generates a local interface. All this information is fed through the information server and sent to the user site computer 64.

Each time an update is made, a new configuration file and/or a new graphical user interface is generated, which is then sent to the user site computer in the manner described above. This provides a single point of configuration for the user site computer. The configuration can be done directly between the service provider and the user site computer. The output configuration includes the following elements:

selection of equipment to be monitored

choice of type of computer for data capture

selection and configuration of signals and parameters for the data logger in the user site computer

selection and configuration of calculations, filter and logging frequency for the data logger in the user site computer

selection and configuration of communication path

editing of the company's knowledge/experience to be used in the central server definition and creation of company, facility and user accounts

The administration database 81 will, based on the input data, be the source from which one obtains: - an XML configuration file that automatically creates all aspects of the data logger in the user site computer at the configuration server 79 - an XML configuration file that automatically creates the local monitor service via the interface 66 at the local GUI generator 77 - an XML configuration file that automatically creates the information in the local monitor at the information server 78

automatic configuration and creation of database tables in the cubes 84

automatic configuration of the data stream handler 80

It is appropriate if the transfer of the configuration file and the construction of the graphical user interface is done via the Internet, but it is also possible to do so by sending a CD-ROM or other type of storage medium. FIG. 15 shows a general overview of the user site computer 64. The configuration file etc. is received through a web interface 601 and transferred through an input/output device 602 and finally stored in a configuration database 607. The configuration manager will, when updating its database 607, update all configurable parameters accordingly ( for example parameters in elements 86, 97, 98 on

FIG. 15).

Referring to FIG. 13, an explanation will be given of the data flow during the monitoring of the equipment. In addition to the elements shown in FIG. 12, also shows

FIG. 13 an outgoing queue 92 and an incoming queue 90, as well as an FTP (file transfer protocol) server 91 and a web interface 93.

The measurement values from the user site computer 64 are received by the FTP server 91 through the web interface 93. These data values are placed in the incoming queue 90. The data stream processor 80 is configured to receive data from the incoming queue 90 at regular intervals. In the data stream processor 80, the data is arranged so that it is presented in an order that enables temporary storage in the measurement value database 82. The function of the data stream processor 80 will be explained in more detail below.

A copy of the data that is transferred to the measured value database 82 is also stored in the mass storage 85. The purpose of this is, firstly, to have a backup, and secondly, to enable further data processing at a later stage if new calculation methods are developed for equipment evaluation.

The measured values are post-processed in the post-processor 83, which involves the calculation of certain calculated values (some examples of these will be shown below). Subsequently, selected measurement values and calculated values will be stored in the cube database 84. The performance monitor 86 and the analytical performance monitor 87 receive data partly from the measurement value database 82 (for lists in tabular form and reports) and partly from the cube database 84 (for trend analyses, historical overview, etc.). The purpose of the performance monitor 86 is to perform and present simple analyzes to the person or persons monitoring the equipment, while the analytical performance monitor 87 presents more complicated or free-form analyses. The simple analyzes can be shown to an operator who has to make a quick conclusion, while the more complicated analyzes can be shown to a person who makes more strategic decisions. It is also possible to use only one interface for both simple and complicated analyses.

Collection of measured value data will now be explained with reference to FIG. 15, which schematically shows the basic elements and components in

the user site computer 64.

The signals from sensors 76 (FIG. 11) are connected to the input/output interface 94. Each sensor has its own channel 95, and the measurement values are stored in a working storage 97 after scaling 96 (to make the value compatible with the specified measurement units).

A logger module 98 receives the data from the work store. The logger module 98 transfers this data via an access buffer 99 to a transfer storage 600. In order for this to be carried out correctly, the logger module 98 has been updated from the configuration manager 604 on how the various information/messages are to be processed. From the transfer storage 600, the data is transferred to a web interface 601 via an FTP input/output device 602 using a transfer processor 603. This data is then received at the web interface 93 at the service provider. (FIG. 13).

If a specific measurement must be processed in a different way, the configuration file in question will be updated and sent to storage with the configuration handler 604 in the manner described above. The configuration manager 604 will then tell the logger module 98 how to process the measurement, so that the server 73 will receive the measurement information as requested after the update. The update can, for example, be to measure/record a specific value at longer or shorter intervals. Since the configuration file is stored at the user site, the system does not depend on being online for the measurements to be processed in the desired way.

There is also a local log store 605. This makes it possible to store data locally in the event of a break in the connection between the user site computer 64 and the server 73.1 in some cases it may prove difficult to achieve an online connection between the user site computer 64 and the server 73.1 in this case the data may regularly transferred to a storage medium, e.g. a removable storage that can be connected to the computer via a USB port (USB storage). The storage medium can even be sent to the service provider as regular mail or as another physical delivery.

The point of use computer 64 also includes an event module 606 which detects malfunctions in the measuring equipment (sensors, sensor cables, etc.) and measurements that lie outside the equipment's normal value range. These events are also transferred to the transfer store 600 and therefore to the server 73.

The data processing in the service provider's server 73 will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 15. The unprocessed raw data located in the incoming queue 90 (FIG. 13) is represented by reference number 620. The data stream processor 80 (FIG. 13) will analyze the raw data 620, as indicated by reference number 621. The analysis involves more specifically the identification of the individual values in a data stream and assignment of correct identification to these values. Next, the data stream processor 800 fills in "inherited feiP" values, indicated by reference numeral 622. To reduce the amount of data that must be transferred from the user site computer 64 to the server 73, the user site computer 64 will not send values if a measured value remains unchanged, e.g. the value of the first load measurement will be sent if the top drive rotation system 63 lifts a load. (This can be achieved by means of a filter which causes minimal changes in signals to be classified as unchanged.) After this no further values will be sent until the load weight changes, e.g. when the load reaches the drill deck. In 622, the "missing values" are filled in, so that the same value is repeated at regular intervals during the period where the load was constant. This reduces the data flow and consequently the bandwidth requirement considerably.

After this, the prepared data is transferred to the post-processor 83, which calculates values on the basis of the measured values, indicated by reference number 623. Examples of calculated values will be given below. Lookups in the administrative database determine the storage of values in the administrative database 81 and their post-processing method into the multidimensional information cubes.

The post-processor 83 can also identify values that are outside the limit values ("out of limit"), indicated by reference number 624. Values that are outside the limit values can, for example, be overloads, too high a number of operating hours, too high or too low pressures or temperatures, etc. , which signals problems or overuse of a component's useful life. After the post-processing, measurements, values and identifications are entered into a database consisting of a number of multidimensional "cubes". Multidimensional cubes have become an increasingly popular way of storing data when these must be easily accessible. The multidimensional cubes can be seen as multidimensional matrices where each parameter is listed along one dimension, one dimension for each parameter. This way of storing data means that you can quickly display tables and graphs on a screen that show the relationship between any of the parameters, even if the amount of data is very large.

Data in the multidimensional cubes have certain main features:

the data is gathered together in advance to achieve a high effect when searching and retrieving, or to otherwise facilitate data mining using tools such as neural network-like networks

the data is arranged along pre-defined axes to enable and simplify X-Y diagrams (e.g. look at the distribution of temperatures over different pressures)

the data is optimized for searching across a large number of similar equipment types

In addition, the multi-dimensional cubes make it possible to store all data collected throughout the entire life cycle for a large number of equipment units.

This leads to a new way of consolidating lifetime data as a platform for empirical investigations and data mining to feed back into the construction process or service procedures. Information about how and when maintenance was carried out is stored in the same database and correlated over time.

The multidimensional cubes are in this particular example three separate cubes. The first, indicated by reference number 625, contains all measurements, including most of the calculated parameters. The second, indicated by reference number 626, contains the calculated parameters which are crucial for lifetime monitoring, such as load-weighted operating hours, for monitoring the operation of the equipment. The third cube, indicated by reference number 627, contains the parameters that lie outside the limit values. If no values have occurred outside the limit values, this cube is empty.

The monitoring of the equipment will now be explained in more detail, with reference to examples of parameters and diagrams. FIG. 16 shows a table of typical parameters to be measured and recorded for an equipment unit, in this example a sludge pump, as well as measurement units that apply to each parameter. The table shows various pressures, temperatures, flow rates, operating hours, any error codes etc. FIG. 17 shows in the upper part some constants that are used when calculating the calculated parameters, and in the lower part a table of typical calculated parameters for a sludge pump. The first column shows the constant or parameter text, the second column shows the constant or parameter name in the computer system, the third column shows the unit of the constant or parameter, and the fourth column shows the value of the constants or the formula used to calculate the parameter. In the upper right corner there is a text frame that lists definitions of some of the variables, i.e. measured parameters.

One of the most important calculated parameters for certain types of equipment is accumulated, load-weighted operating hours, which are listed at the bottom of FIG. 17. This is calculated according to the following formula:

T_hrw+f<*>w<*>delta-t/3600

where delta-t/3600 is the time (in seconds) since the last logging of accumulated, load-weighted operating hours, divided by seconds per hour.

w is a load factor according to the following formula:

(2<*>p_disch/p_rated)<A>e <*> (2<*>S_pump/S_rated),

where p_disch is the measured, current discharge pressure from the pump, p rated is a constant that indicates design pressure, with a value of 517.1 bar, S_pump is the current pump speed and S_rated is a constant that indicates the nominal pump speed, with a value of 212 strokes per minute.

r is a binary factor with the value zero or one, according to the following formula:

If (S_pump<0.02*S_rated; 0; 1

where S_pump is the pump speed and S rated is the nominal pump speed, as stated above. Consequently, r equals zero if the current pumping rate is less than 2% of 212 beats per minute, and one if the current pumping rate is equal to or greater than this.

T_hrw is the preceding logging of accumulated, load-weighted operating hours.

All the other calculated factors are also calculated on the basis of measured parameters or constants.

FIG. 18 shows a table containing the limit values for certain critical parameters. The first column shows the ID number for the limit value, the second column shows the name of the parameter limit value, the third column shows the Boolean operator to be used, and the fourth column shows the limit value. If any of these parameters fall outside the set limit values, an "out of limit" value will be entered in the "out of limit" cube 627.

For certain types of equipment, it is of crucial importance to have two-dimensional limit values. This is, for example, the case with a crane. The crane can have different lifting capacities depending on the angle of the crane arm both in the horizontal and vertical plane. In this case, the capacity limitation will be different depending on the position of the crane arm. The crane can have a large lifting capacity through a certain sector in the horizontal plane. In another sector in the horizontal plane, it may be prohibited to use the crane only with an empty hook (only for passage) or with a light load. The load limit in the same sector can also depend on the angle of the crane arm. As a result, on the basis of the two-dimensional limit values, an "out of limit" event can be detected if the crane arm enters a sector with excess weight. The operator may receive a message telling him how to get back within one of the limits where the read value is within his control, or that the operation must stop; for example, an instruction that if the crane arm is raised to a steeper angle, he can pass through the sector with this load, or that it is not possible to pass through this sector.

The two-dimensional capacity constraints can be implemented in the system as a two-dimensional table, which is suitable for storage in multidimensional cubes. For some equipment, more than two dimensions can be used to define the dimensioning envelope for safe or appropriate operation. Thus, the two-dimensional capacity constraints can be extended to N-dimensional capacity constraints. FIG. 19 is a screen print showing a table of measurements made for a slurry pump. The first column shows the year, the second column shows measured parameters, with a limit value description on some of the parameters (this corresponds to some of the limit values shown on FIG. 18). The third and fourth columns show the number of measurements made for each parameter. FIG. 20 is a screen print showing a diagram showing the flow from a slurry pump, where flow is plotted against time. In this case, the period is the first 24 days of a month. As can be seen from the graph, the pump has been in operation all but one day. FIG. 21 is a screen printout of a diagram showing the distribution of outlet pressure in a mud pump, where this is represented graphically in relation to the pump's rotational speed. The pressure has been divided into different groups, each of which spans over 50 MPa. This is plotted along axis 628. The rotational speed has also been divided into different groups, each spanning 50 RPM, and plotted along axis 629. The vertical axis 630 shows the number of operating hours in each pressure group (class) and rotational speed group. As can be seen from the graph, the pump has been running for many hours at moderate pressure and high speed, as indicated by reference number 631. As shown by stubs 632 and 633, the pump has also been running for some time at high pressure and moderate speed. However, the pump has not been running for long at low speed and high pressure.

By using this technique and also including data from a plurality of pumps, it is possible to create an average utilization profile for the type of pump. FIG. 22 shows a

example of a typical working diagram for a slurry pump, showing the distribution of pump utilization. As the diagram shows, the pump (or pump type if multiple pumps have been monitored) is used 40% of the time at moderate pressure and speed. By using the utilization profile as a basis, it is possible to predict wear on critical components in the pump. Certain components wear to a greater extent under conditions of high pressure, and others wear more at higher speeds. Other components are more sensitive to high temperatures, and still others are more sensitive to heavy loads. By not only evaluating the number of operating hours, but also taking into account the conditions under which the equipment has been operating, it becomes possible to achieve a more accurate prediction of where in the life of the critical components one is at any given time. You can, for example, include the load in the calculation, so that, for example, for a pump, you multiply the number of operating hours by the average current that the pump has delivered. Another example is to have an overview of the total time the temperature at a specific location in the pump has exceeded a specific limit value, as the limit value is, for example,

based on a temperature above which a sealing material is in danger of being damaged. Any combination of load-weighted parameters can be calculated in the system according to the present invention. When the load-weighted parameter exceeds a set limit value, a warning can be sent to the operator informing them whether a component is nearing the end of its life. The warning is preferably sent out long before the expected lifetime ends, so that there is enough time to plan maintenance of the equipment.

In addition to the warning that informs the operator of impending maintenance, it is also possible to issue an alarm if a parameter exceeds a critical limit value, indicating that a fault may occur at any time, or that the equipment must be run with reduced performance for maintenance has been carried out.

The warning and alarm is issued via the management database 81 and the information server 78. It can be displayed as a message on user interfaces 66, 68, 86 and 87. Also, it can be sent as a message to the customer interfaces via any medium. This can be e-mail, SMS, pagers etc. Via the B2B server, the system can also send information in digital form to a management system at the customer.

After maintenance has been carried out, the parameters underlying the warning or alarm will be set to an output value, so that the lifetime monitoring can start again.

It is also possible to carry out trend analyzes based on experience data. The experience data is the result of a detailed analysis of errors that have occurred in similar equipment in the past. If, for example, certain bearings have failed and resulted in a major operating error and possibly damaged other parts of the equipment or other equipment, the conditions that prevailed in the period before the error occurred can be analyzed. It thus becomes possible to see whether any values or calculated values have undergone a change in the time period before the error occurred. The time a few minutes before the error occurred is first examined, but the time that passed within hours, or even days or weeks, before the error will also be included in the calculation.

The results are then compared with results from other similar operating errors to find out if there is a common factor between all or at least some of the errors.

If it is likely that this correlation of parameters is associated with an operating error, a procedure can be implemented in the computer that controls the pump, where this procedure based on the sensor reading (the user site computer is not involved in

the process, but the lessons learned are implemented in the pump control computer) and at regular intervals (where the interval depends on how quickly errors can occur) calculates the correlation between the above factors. If a condition similar to the conditions that existed in the time before the fault occurred in previous events occurs, the computer can stop the equipment or, if there is time for it, carry out a controlled shutdown of the system in which the pump is a part.

An example of this is shown in FIG. 25. This graph shows a plot of the torque of the two motors A and B driving the pump over a period of time on January 21, 2004, starting at 01:00. At 02:15 a fault occurred in the pump. The reason for this was later found to be a sudden failure in a bearing. As can be seen from the graph, the torque of both motors A and B shows a striking increase from 02:13, showing a large increase until functional failure. When the fault occurred, this had harmful consequences for the equipment connected to the pump. This increased torque could not be explained based on external factors such as e.g. an increase in pump speed or increased viscosity in the pump fluid. The torque was still within the normal range of what the motors could deliver and the pumps could receive. According to the fixed "out of limit" measurements, no "out of limit" event would occur, at least not until it was too late to prevent the critical interruption.

This example shows only one case. Nevertheless, the connection between it can

increased torque and the fault is likely enough to initiate an investigation to possibly detect a similar condition in this type of equipment. The condition for such a situation to be considered to exist could be that if the torque exhibits a steep rise, for example over 200 Nm/s, for more than 20 seconds, and there is no increase in supply or viscosity or other factors that would have a natural impact on

torque, an alarm will be triggered or the computer controlling the pump will carry out a controlled shutdown.

An upcoming failure can also be indicated by conditions that develop more slowly than within a few minutes. Experience may indicate, for example, that if a seal has been exposed to a temperature above a certain value or a certain period of time, this will result in a significantly increased risk of leakage. However, the leak will not occur until the pressure exceeds a certain value. If such a situation occurs, the computer that operates the equipment will be told to run the equipment in such a way that the pressure limit is not exceeded. At the same time, the operator will receive a message informing him of the situation.

If the rate of change for a temperature parameter is important for predicting a problem, the algorithm module can calculate the rate of change. The capacity limitation can have an input property that defines the limit for when this rate of change is outside of normal operating conditions.

By implementing algorithms that can predict an error based on previous experience, the risk of a critical interruption can be significantly reduced. These algorithms can be installed in the administration database 81 in much the same way as the initial setup in the user site computer.

Load-weighted operating hours can be used as a basis for the total estimated lifetime of a wear part, and are therefore a typical capacity limitation. The limit value can be adjusted as one gains wider and wider experience. By checking the accumulator for load-weighted operating hours against this limit value, one can predict the remaining service life under similar conditions and operation, suggest maintenance intervals, suggest ordering spare parts, etc.

The theoretical model for this trend analysis is preferably administered in the form of tables and records in a database with a web-based user interface. An internal product manager can be given access to maintain the model, and it can grow incrementally as new knowledge about the equipment is gained. For example

In addition to lifetime monitoring, trend analysis and "out of limit" monitoring, it is also possible to monitor the equipment in real time. FIG. 23 shows a screenshot containing a diagram of the operating hours of a slurry pump. Graph 634 shows the operating hours as such for each day in the year 2004 until May 13, which is the date of the screenshot. Graph 635 shows load-weighted operating hours for the same period. It is possible to select a shorter time period, so that the pump can be monitored minute by minute. This is shown in FIG. 24, where the pump has otherwise been standing still. If the pump had been in operation, a graph showing the utilization percentage of the pump against time would be displayed. Such a screen can be continuously updated in real time.

The embodiment of the invention described in connection with FIG. 11 et seq., can provide one or more of the following advantages: A local computer that acts as a "local" network server. In addition to the sensor data line 304,404, described in FIG. 1, it is found in the embodiment of FIG. 11 a network server which is included in the same data processor, or in a processor in the immediate vicinity of the sensor data line. This will be able to: Show snapshots and trends of real-time values (at this stage no calculations, comparisons with workload profiles etc. have been made)

Display documents and drawings stored on the local network server (if it is not connected to the computer network).

Data can be monitored directly at the user site without having to go via the internet.

Using OLAP and MDX as storage, search and retrieval methods, multidimensional cubes ease the huge amount of data required to implement the service. The general features and uses of multidimensional cubes are well known to a skilled programmer. A professional in multidimensional cubes will easily understand how the functionality described above can be implemented in multidimensional cubes.

Another service that can be realized is the publication of news and important safety information from the service provider and back to the local monitors (operator and company personnel). If, for example, a new security message is to be published for a certain type of machine, this will be "looked up" on this machine type in the administration database. The header of this publication will be placed on the outgoing queue. The next time the user site computer connects to the system to deliver data (if it is not online all the time), it will also check the outgoing queue and transmit the header to the user site computer. On the local monitor at the user site, it will be displayed as header text in a separate window in the user interface. When some user selects the header, he can confirm that he wants the entire article downloaded next time or immediately. The point of use computer will then, on the next new connection, send a request via the incoming queue to the configuration signal generator. This process will again call the information server to have the entire article placed in the outgoing queue. This will reduce the data transfer to the minimum required by the operator or other personnel in the company.

The system can be designed so that it both proposes and reports maintenance measures. It can publish maintenance measures in the same way as it publishes news and messages. The source of this information can be maintenance algorithms that take into account the actual load-weighted utilization of the machine, i.e. it can propose a measure to inspect the bearing every 14 days if the load on the machine is dominated by a heavy speed component, or adjust the same interval to 2 months if the applied load is dominated by pressure components.

The operator opens a maintenance header, just like for the news messages. He can also tick a box and fill in the status of the measure, and then send this back to the system. At the next connection, the service report is transferred into the database, where it is correlated with all other data.

Each user site computer can contain the documentation for the machine it is monitoring. The as-built version of the documentation can be uploaded at installation. During operation, the service provider can publish new or updated documents via the administration database.

Just as for news and messages, it is also possible here to initially make only the header available. The operators can tick or confirm that they will upload the new documentation at the next new connection.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (14)

1. System for managing the maintenance of components (304,404) in equipment (300,400, 63) which comprises a plurality of components, where all these components have a limited useful life, comprising a computer system with a processor (64), characterized in that it also comprises: a computer program module (100, 71) for defining an operating profile (200) comprising a plurality of operating situations for the equipment (300,400,63), where each operating situation involves two or more of the plurality of components and specified operating conditions to which the involved components are assumed to be subjected for in every operating situation; a computer program module (73) for determining a theoretical useful life for each component involved in an operating profile, said theoretical useful life being based on useful life data for the component under defined operating conditions; sensors (302,402,76) that detect and monitor the occurrence of a work operation corresponding to an operating situation, and measure the actual operating conditions occurring during the work operation, and the number of such operations; and a computer program module (73) for calculating a corrected theoretical useful life for a component that has participated in one or more work operations, based on a comparison between actual operating conditions and operating conditions assumed to occur during the work operation in the operating situation. 2. Procedure for administering the maintenance of remote equipment with replaceable components, characterized in that it includes: arrangement of a plurality of sensors (302,402,76) on said remote equipment (300,400,63), where said sensors (302,402, 76) read the operating conditions for each of one or more replaceable components (304,404); receiving in a database (200, 85,626) operating condition data (210) read by said plurality of sensors (302,402,76); comparing at least part of the read data with one or more dimensioning operating profile parameters for the remote equipment; and as a result of the comparison step; identification of one or more replaceable components that are recommended to be replaced, with a proposal for a future replacement date. 3. Method as specified in claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of sensors (302,402,76) reads the load and the duration of the load. 4. Method as stated in claim 2, characterized in that the operating profile (220) assumes a number of work operations and at least one of the plurality of sensors (302,402,76) reads the number of work operations a replaceable component is involved in. 5. Method as stated in claim 2, characterized in that the sensors (302,402, 76) read data which makes it possible to calculate work done by a component. 6. Computer program stored on computer-readable media for use in a system for managing the maintenance of components (304,404) for equipment comprising a plurality of components, where all these components have a limited useful life, characterized in that it comprises: a module (200, 86) which receives an operating profile (220) comprising a plurality of operating situations for the equipment, where each operating situation involves two or more of the plurality of components and specific operating conditions to which it is assumed that the involved components are exposed in each of the operating situations; a module (87) which determines a theoretical useful life for each component involved in an operating profile, said theoretical useful life being based on component useful life data at defined operating conditions; a module (64) that receives data from sensors (302,402, 76) that detects and monitors the occurrence of a work operation corresponding to an operating situation, and measures the actual operating conditions occurring during the work operation, and the number of such operations; and a module (1312,71) that calculates a corrected theoretical useful life for a component that has participated in one or more operations, based on a comparison of actual operating conditions and operating conditions that are assumed to occur during the work operation in the operating situation. 7. Computer program as stated in claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises a module (30,20, 50, 52,67,68) which creates a report on maintenance status. 8. Computer program as specified in claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises a module (30,20,50, 52,67,68) which creates a report on the need for component replacement. 9. System for remote monitoring of equipment (300,400,63) that has at least one wear component (304,404) with a useful life that depends on the load to which the wear component is subjected, characterized in that it includes: definition of two or more raw load parameters that vary as the equipment is used by different operating conditions; a software component (40, 64) for receiving data from sensors (302, 402, 76) that read data corresponding to the two or more raw load parameters; a software component for calculating at least one calculated load parameter from the two or more raw load parameters, the value of the at least one calculated load parameter being weighted by means of higher or lower values of the two or more raw load parameters used in the calculation thereof; a software component for collecting a time series of the values of the at least one calculated load parameter for a sample population of equipment utilizing at least one such wear component and, from such series of values and error data for the wear components in such sample population, determining a correspondence between an accumulation of the time series of the values of the at least one calculated load parameter and wear component error; as a response to such compliance, and further as a response to a time series of the values of the at least one calculated load parameter for an equipment unit, calculation of the remaining useful life for such an equipment unit. 10. System as stated in claim 9, characterized in that the system further comprises a software component containing a two- or multi-dimensional loading limit function which comprises: a first limit value for a first of the unprocessed load parameters or the calculated load parameters; a second limit value for a second of the raw load parameters or the calculated load parameters; and a component responsive to one or more combinations of values for the first limit value and the second limit value and for issuing an "out of limit" warning. 11. System as stated in claim 9, characterized in that the system further comprises a software component which contains an N-dimensional loading limit function which comprises: a first limit value for a first of the raw load parameters or the calculated load parameters; a second limit value for a second of the raw load parameters or the calculated load parameters; several threshold values for a further N-2 of the raw load parameters; and a component that responds to one or more combinations of values for the N thresholds and issues an "out of limit" warning. 12. System as stated in claim 9, characterized in that the system further comprises a software component located on a control system remote from the equipment to be monitored, for configuration of an equipment data system that is placed on the equipment, where this defines at least one of the data to be read , and the reading frequency. 13. System as stated in claim 9, characterized in that the system comprises an equipment computer (64) which is located on the equipment being monitored, and where the equipment computer sends data from the sensors (76) which read data corresponding to the two or more raw load parameters, to a remote computer (73) operated by a service provider. 14. System as stated in claim 9, characterized in that the system comprises an equipment computer (64) which is located on the equipment being monitored, and where the equipment computer (64) sends data from the sensors (76) which read data corresponding to the two or more raw load parameters , to a remote computer (61) operated by a legal entity operating the monitored equipment.