NO309785B1 - oil emulsion - Google Patents
oil emulsion Download PDFInfo
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- NO309785B1 NO309785B1 NO990925A NO990925A NO309785B1 NO 309785 B1 NO309785 B1 NO 309785B1 NO 990925 A NO990925 A NO 990925A NO 990925 A NO990925 A NO 990925A NO 309785 B1 NO309785 B1 NO 309785B1
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- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- water
- oil
- fuel oil
- fuel
- Prior art date
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004199 lung function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010759 marine diesel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010758 marine gas oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
- F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
- F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
Description
Tidligere kjent teknikk Prior art
Følgende relevante publikasjoner er funnet som mothold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse: The following relevant publications have been found in opposition to the present invention:
1. US 4 696 638 2. US 5 542 379 3. US 5 782 556 1. US 4,696,638 2. US 5,542,379 3. US 5,782,556
Publikasjonen US 4 696 638 beskriver et system for å oppnå forbedret forbrenning ved separat å forberede vann-i-olje emulsjon, hvor denne inneholder opptil ca. 90 volum % vann, og blande emulsjonen inn i et oljebrennstoff før forbrenningen. Den blandede oljen inneholder mellom 1 og 10 volumprosent vann i form av små dråper med diameter mellom 1 og 10 mikrometer. Prosessen til denne oppfinnelsen kan utnyttes i varme system, dampkjeler, gassturbiner,..., og interne forbrenningsmotorer, inkludert dieselmotorer. The publication US 4,696,638 describes a system for achieving improved combustion by separately preparing a water-in-oil emulsion, where this contains up to approx. 90 volume % water, and mix the emulsion into an oil fuel before combustion. The mixed oil contains between 1 and 10% by volume of water in the form of small droplets with a diameter of between 1 and 10 micrometres. The process of this invention can be utilized in heating systems, steam boilers, gas turbines,..., and internal combustion engines, including diesel engines.
Publikasjonen US 5 542 379 beskriver et apparat og en metode for å forsyne emulsjon til et forbrenningssystem. For å forhindre økningen av NOx med hensyn til overdrevent høy forbrenningstemperatur og økningen av HC og CO med hensyn til overdrevent lav forbrenningstemperatur, ved å mate emulsjonen av olje og vann som har et vanninnhold passende til forbrenningstilstanden i sylindrene til en dieselmotor, er det foreslått: En forbrenningsparametersensor (3) for å detektere forbrenningsparametere i sylinderen slik som et internt trykk i sylinderen, motorbank, eksos, etc. og en krets som overvåker vanntilførselen (2) for å sette et vanntilførselsnivå til et brennstoff, er ordnet i en dieselmotor (1). Et element som styrer vanntilførselen (4) mater vann til et emulsjons formulerende apparat (5) på et nivå som svarer til et vanntilførselssignal fra kretsen som overvåker vanntilførselen (2). Et emulsjonsbrennstoff med et vannivå i samsvar med forbrenningstilstanden inne i sylinderen blir følgelig formet og matet fra det emulsjonsdannende apparat (5) til motoren (1). Publication US 5,542,379 describes an apparatus and method for supplying emulsion to a combustion system. In order to prevent the increase of NOx with respect to excessively high combustion temperature and the increase of HC and CO with respect to excessively low combustion temperature, by feeding the emulsion of oil and water having a water content appropriate to the combustion condition in the cylinders of a diesel engine, it is proposed: A combustion parameter sensor (3) for detecting combustion parameters in the cylinder such as an internal pressure in the cylinder, engine knock, exhaust, etc. and a circuit that monitors the water supply (2) to set a water supply level to a fuel is arranged in a diesel engine (1 ). A water supply control element (4) feeds water to an emulsion formulating apparatus (5) at a level corresponding to a water supply signal from the water supply monitoring circuit (2). An emulsion fuel with a water level corresponding to the combustion condition inside the cylinder is consequently formed and fed from the emulsion forming apparatus (5) to the engine (1).
Publikasjonen US 5 782 556 beskriver et apparat for å lage multippelfase mikroemulsjons brennstoff hurtig som inkluderer: En første mikser for primært å blande vann, katalyst, emulgerende væske, stabilisator og en liten mengde olje i primærmikseren for å produsere olj e-i-vann stadiet i væskeblandingen; og en andre mikser som har en roterende turbinagitator montert i sekundærmikseren, en virvelstrømledende enhet med gresskarform plassert rundt turbinagitatoren for å produsere opp- og nedbøyde virvelstrømmer av en blanding i sekundærmikseren matet med blandevæsken som er tilført fra primærmikseren og råoljen, og en mengde med turbulensdempere radielt sikret i den andre mikseren for å begrense virvelstrømmene til blandingen i den andre mikseren til en del virvelstrøm "sektorer" for å akselerere en grundig blanding og emulgering av brennstoffet ved olje-i-vann fasen for hurtig å oppnå vann-i-olje fase brennstoff olje for å oppnå bedre forbrenning og mindre luftforurensning når den brennes. Publication US 5,782,556 describes an apparatus for rapidly making multiple phase microemulsion fuel which includes: A first mixer for primarily mixing water, catalyst, emulsifying liquid, stabilizer and a small amount of oil in the primary mixer to produce the oil-in-water stage of the liquid mixture ; and a second mixer having a rotating turbine agitator mounted in the secondary mixer, a pumpkin-shaped eddy current conducting device positioned around the turbine agitator to produce up and down eddies of a mixture in the secondary mixer fed with the mixing liquid supplied from the primary mixer and the crude oil, and a plurality of turbulence dampers radially secured in the second mixer to limit the eddy currents of the mixture in the second mixer to some eddy current "sectors" to accelerate a thorough mixing and emulsification of the fuel at the oil-in-water phase to quickly achieve the water-in-oil phase fuel oil to achieve better combustion and less air pollution when it is burned.
Beskrivelse Description
Bakgrunn Background
Oppfinnelsen angår en emulsjonsrigg som uten forutgående emulsjonsrfemstilling utenfor brennoljesystemet doserer vann og emulgator inn i brennoljesystemet for forbrenningsmotorer, dampkjeler og fyringsanlegg slik at det først inne i selve brennoljesystemet dannes og vedlikeholdes vann-i-oljeemulsjon som anvendes som brennstoff. The invention relates to an emulsion rig which, without prior emulsion rectification outside the fuel oil system, doses water and emulsifier into the fuel oil system for internal combustion engines, steam boilers and heating systems so that a water-in-oil emulsion is first formed and maintained within the fuel oil system itself, which is used as fuel.
Fremstilling av vann-i-oljeemulsjon er kjent. Hittil har emulsjon for anvendelse som brennstoff blitt fremstilt mekanisk på en av følgende to måter: • Blanding av olje og vann ledes gjennom en spalte hvor komponentene som utgjør spalten, har relativ bevegelse og derved skaper skjærkrefter som danner emulsjon mellom fluidene i spalten. • Blandingen av olje og vann blir trykksatt og ledet gjennom en strupeinnretning hvor trykket far falle. På grunn av skjærkrefter som oppstår i fluidene under strupingen dannes vann-i-oljeemulsjon. Preparation of water-in-oil emulsion is known. Until now, emulsion for use as fuel has been produced mechanically in one of the following two ways: • A mixture of oil and water is passed through a gap where the components that make up the gap have relative movement and thereby create shear forces that form an emulsion between the fluids in the gap. • The mixture of oil and water is pressurized and led through a throat device where the pressure drops. Due to shear forces that arise in the fluids during the throttling, a water-in-oil emulsion is formed.
I begge ovennevnte tilfeller dannes emulsjonen i selve apparaturen før den tilføres brennoljesystemet. Av grunner som er nevnt nedenfor, må det ved motordrift på destillater i begge tilfellene gjøres spesielle tiltak for å hindre at emulsjonen blir for varm før den tilføres motoren. Det blir derfor nødvendig med installasjon av kjøler og temperaturregulator i brennstoffsystemet. In both of the above cases, the emulsion is formed in the apparatus itself before it is fed into the fuel oil system. For reasons mentioned below, when operating the engine on distillates in both cases, special measures must be taken to prevent the emulsion from getting too hot before it is fed to the engine. It will therefore be necessary to install a cooler and temperature regulator in the fuel system.
Emulsjonsdannelse i spalte tilfører fluidene energi i tillegg til den energien som returbrennstoffet mottar etter å ha vært presset til meget høye trykk i innsprøytningspumpene. Dette hever brennstofftemperaturen i brennoljekretsen. Temperaturstigningen kan bli så høy at emulsjonen ved drift på destillater ikke uten videre kan tilføres motoren som brennstoff. Høy brennstoftfemperatur frigir gasser i brennoljesystemet, og derved oppstår fare for at innsprøytningspumpene skal ødelegges (riving av overflatematerialet fordi høy brennstofftemperatur og tilstedeværelse av gasser nedsetter brennstoffets smøreevne). Dette er aktuelt når brennstoffet har slik beskaffenhet at det ikke kan varmes opp noe vesentlig før det tilføres motoren, som tilfellet er for destillatene marin gassolje (MGO), marin dieselolje (MDO), o.l. I slike tilfeller må emulsjonen avkjøles før den kan tilføres motoren. Emulsion formation in the gap adds energy to the fluids in addition to the energy that the return fuel receives after being pressed to very high pressures in the injection pumps. This raises the fuel temperature in the fuel oil circuit. The temperature rise can become so high that the emulsion cannot be supplied to the engine as fuel when operating on distillates. High fuel temperature releases gases in the fuel oil system, and thereby there is a risk that the injection pumps will be destroyed (tearing of the surface material because high fuel temperature and the presence of gases reduce the fuel's lubricating ability). This is applicable when the fuel is of such a nature that it cannot be heated up significantly before it is fed to the engine, as is the case for the distillates marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), etc. In such cases, the emulsion must be cooled before it can be fed to the engine.
Vann-i-oljeemulsjon som dannes ved struping av fluidstrømmen, skilles til vann og olje etter forholdsvis kort tid. Emulsjonen må derfor anvendes fa sekunder etter at den er fremstilt. Dette kravet betinger at apparaturen som fremstiller emulsjonen, blir plassert nær motorens innsprøytningssystem. Videre kreves begge ovennevnte fremstillingsmetoder av vann-i-oljeemulsjon at returbrennstoffet, i dette tilfelle emulsjonen, ikke returneres til dagtanken, men ledes gjennom apparaturen som fremstiller emulsjonen. Samholdet mellom disse to krav gjør at rørene i forpumpekretsen ikke far anledning til å fungere som varmeveksler og lede bort nok overskuddsvarme fra brennstoffet før det sendes til motoren. Water-in-oil emulsion, which is formed by throttling the fluid flow, separates into water and oil after a relatively short time. The emulsion must therefore be used a few seconds after it has been prepared. This requirement requires that the equipment that produces the emulsion be placed close to the engine's injection system. Furthermore, both of the above-mentioned production methods of water-in-oil emulsion require that the return fuel, in this case the emulsion, is not returned to the day tank, but is led through the equipment that produces the emulsion. The combination of these two requirements means that the pipes in the pre-pump circuit do not have the opportunity to function as heat exchangers and conduct away enough excess heat from the fuel before it is sent to the engine.
Ved å fremstille vann-i-oljeemulsjon i følge oppfinnelsen unngåes ovennevnte problemer, og følgende oppnås: By producing water-in-oil emulsion according to the invention, the above-mentioned problems are avoided, and the following is achieved:
• Emulsjonen dannes i brennoljesystemet og ledes ikke gjennom emulsjonsriggen. • The emulsion is formed in the fuel oil system and is not passed through the emulsion rig.
• Det strømmer ikke brennolje gjennom emulsjonsriggen. • Fuel oil does not flow through the emulsion rig.
• Emulsjonen fremstilles uten temperaturstigning av fluidene som inngår i den. • The emulsion is produced without a rise in temperature of the fluids included in it.
• Vann kan tilføres hvor som helst i sirkulasjonspumpekretsen (forpumpekretsen). • Water can be supplied anywhere in the circulation pump circuit (pre-pump circuit).
• Emulgator kan tilføres brennoljen hvor som helst i brennoljesystemet. Det vil si at emulgatoren kan tilføres i lagertank, i brennoljeforbrukssystem eller i tanker eller rør mellom disse to ytterpunktene. • Emulsifier can be added to the fuel oil anywhere in the fuel oil system. This means that the emulsifier can be supplied in a storage tank, in a fuel oil consumption system or in tanks or pipes between these two extremes.
Anvendelsesområde Area of application
Anvendelsesområdet for emulsjonsriggen vil være dieselmotorer, samt dampkjeler og fyringsanlegg som opereres på flytende brennstoff, og hvor det er ønskelig å redusere dieselmotorens termiske belastning samt alle de nevnte anleggs produksjon og utslipp av NOx, CO og C (karbon/sot). The application area for the emulsion rig will be diesel engines, as well as steam boilers and combustion plants that operate on liquid fuel, and where it is desirable to reduce the diesel engine's thermal load as well as all the aforementioned plants' production and emissions of NOx, CO and C (carbon/soot).
En forbrenningsmotors termiske belastning reduseres ved drift på vann-i-oljeemulsjon fordi vannets oppvarming, fordampning og overheting etter at det er kommet inn i forbrenningssonene krever energi, og denne tas fra forbrenningsgassene som derved får redusert sin maksimaltemperatur. An internal combustion engine's thermal load is reduced when operating on a water-in-oil emulsion because the heating, evaporation and overheating of the water after it has entered the combustion zones requires energy, and this is taken from the combustion gases, which thereby have their maximum temperature reduced.
Ved at maksimal forbrenningstemperatur i forbrenningsmotorer, dampkjeler og fyringsanlegg reduseres ved bruk av vann-i-oljeemulsjon som brennstoff, reduseres også produksjon og utslipp av NOx og CO. As the maximum combustion temperature in internal combustion engines, steam boilers and heating systems is reduced by using water-in-oil emulsion as fuel, the production and emissions of NOx and CO are also reduced.
I tillegg reduseres utslipp av CO og sot fordi vannets volumøkning inne i oljedråpene bedrer forstøvning og spredning av dem og fremmer deres kontakt med det tilgjengelige oksygenet i forbrenningskammeret. Ved høye prosesstemperaturer dissosieres vannet i en viss grad og frigjør hydroksidioner og atomært oksygen som binder seg med karbon. Dette bidrar også til å redusere sotutslipp. In addition, emissions of CO and soot are reduced because the water's volume increase inside the oil droplets improves their atomization and dispersion and promotes their contact with the available oxygen in the combustion chamber. At high process temperatures, the water dissociates to a certain extent and releases hydroxide ions and atomic oxygen which binds with carbon. This also helps to reduce soot emissions.
NOx skaper sur nedbør og bakkenært ozon, CO er giftig, og sot forurenser omgivelsene visuelt. Dessuten vil inhalering av sot redusere lungefunksjon og blodkvalitet i tillegg til at dette øker faren for kreft fordi krystallinsk karbon kan være bærer av kreftfremkallende uforbrente hydrokarboner. NOx creates acid rain and ground-level ozone, CO is toxic, and soot visually pollutes the surroundings. In addition, inhaling soot will reduce lung function and blood quality, in addition to increasing the risk of cancer because crystalline carbon can be a carrier of cancer-causing unburnt hydrocarbons.
Virkemåte Method of operation
Emulsjonsriggens prinsipielle oppbygging og tilknytning til et motoranlegg er vist skjematisk på tegningen. Fig. 1 gjelder et anlegg hvor forbrenningsmotoren opereres på destillater, mens fig. 2 gjelder et anlegg hvor forbrenningsmotoren opereres på tungolje. The emulsion rig's basic structure and connection to an engine system is shown schematically in the drawing. Fig. 1 concerns a plant where the internal combustion engine is operated on distillates, while fig. 2 applies to a plant where the internal combustion engine is operated on heavy oil.
To doseringspumper, pumpe 1 for pumping av vann og pumpe 2 for pumping av emulgator, doserer sine fluider direkte inn i motoranleggets brennoljesystem. Emulsjon mellom vann og olje dannes og vedlikeholdes inne i brennoljens rørsystem på grunn av den turbulens som skapes når sirkulasjonspumpen transporterer fluidene rundt i brennoljesystemet. Two dosing pumps, pump 1 for pumping water and pump 2 for pumping emulsifier, dose their fluids directly into the engine plant's fuel oil system. Emulsion between water and oil is formed and maintained inside the fuel oil pipe system due to the turbulence created when the circulation pump transports the fluids around the fuel oil system.
Leveringsmengde per tidsenhet fra doseringspumpe 1 styres av signal som den mottar fra signalforsterker 3 og måleverdiomformer 4. Signalforsterkeren mottar sine styresignal fra en oljestrømsmåler som er montert i brennoljeforbruksledningen. Arrangementet gjør at bruker kan bestemme hvilke konsentrasjoner av vann det skal være i den fremstilte vann-i-oljeemulsjonen for enhver belastning av motoren. Delivery quantity per time unit from dosing pump 1 is controlled by the signal it receives from signal amplifier 3 and measured value converter 4. The signal amplifier receives its control signal from an oil flow meter which is mounted in the fuel oil consumption line. The arrangement allows the user to determine what concentrations of water there should be in the produced water-in-oil emulsion for any load on the engine.
Leveringsmengde per tidsenhet fra doseringspumpe 2 styres av signal som den mottar fra signalforsterker 3. Signalforsterkeren mottar sine styresignal fra en oljestrømsmåler som er montert i forbruksledningen. Delivery quantity per time unit from dosing pump 2 is controlled by the signal it receives from signal amplifier 3. The signal amplifier receives its control signal from an oil flow meter which is mounted in the consumption line.
Dersom emulgator tilsettes brennoljen når den fylles på lagertank, sløyfes emulgatorpumpen (2) i emulsjonsriggen ettersom brennoljen som pumpes inn i sirkulasjonskretsen i dette tilfellet, inneholder den nødvendige konsentrasjon av emulgator for at det skal dannes emulsjon mellom vann og olje. If emulsifier is added to the fuel oil when it is filled in the storage tank, the emulsifier pump (2) in the emulsion rig is bypassed, as the fuel oil that is pumped into the circulation circuit in this case contains the necessary concentration of emulsifier for an emulsion to form between water and oil.
Måleverdiomformeren kan programmeres slik at den sender et styresignal til pumpe 1 slik at den fremstilte emulsjonen vil fa den høyeste vannkonsentrasjon som forbrenningsmotoren kan akseptere når den kjøres ved 100% nominell akseleffekt. I tillegg styrer måleverdiomformeren pumpen slik at man sikrer at det ved laveste akseleffekt ikke skal kunne fremstilles emulsjon med så høy vannkonsentrasjon at det oppstår feiltenning i forbrenningsmotoren. The measured value converter can be programmed so that it sends a control signal to pump 1 so that the produced emulsion will have the highest water concentration that the internal combustion engine can accept when it is run at 100% nominal shaft power. In addition, the measured value converter controls the pump in such a way as to ensure that, at the lowest shaft power, it is not possible to produce an emulsion with such a high water concentration that a misfire occurs in the internal combustion engine.
Brennstoffet (emulsjonen) som returneres fra motoren, inneholder vann og emulgator. Dersom emulsjonen ble returnert til dagtanken, ville dens vannandel påvirke mengdemålingen av brennolje som kommer fra dagtanken og inn i brennoljekretsen. Emulsjonen skal derfor ledes tilbake i sirkulasjonkretsen og ikke til dagtanken. Dette oppnås, som vist på fig. 1, ved at det monteres en ventil på returen til dagtanken og et forbindelsesrør 5 mellom innløpet til denne ventilen og et punkt mellom brennoljeuttaket fra dagtanken og sirkulasjonpumpens innløp. The fuel (emulsion) returned from the engine contains water and emulsifier. If the emulsion was returned to the day tank, its water content would affect the quantity measurement of fuel oil coming from the day tank and into the fuel oil circuit. The emulsion must therefore be led back into the circulation circuit and not to the day tank. This is achieved, as shown in fig. 1, in that a valve is mounted on the return to the day tank and a connecting pipe 5 between the inlet to this valve and a point between the fuel oil outlet from the day tank and the circulation pump inlet.
I motoranlegg som opereres på tungolje, og har sirkulasjonskrets med blandetank/luftetank, fungerer denne tanken som forbindelsesrør. I slike anlegg sirkulerer brennstoffet i sirkulasjonskretsen, og det er bare gasser avgitt fra brennoljen som returneres til dagtanken. Der kan brukeren velge om brennoljemåleren skal monteres foran eller bak forpumpen. In engine systems that operate on heavy oil and have a circulation circuit with a mixing tank/air tank, this tank acts as a connecting pipe. In such facilities, the fuel circulates in the circulation circuit, and only gases emitted from the fuel oil are returned to the day tank. There, the user can choose whether the fuel oil meter should be mounted in front of or behind the front pump.
Ved dampkjel og fyringsanlegg vil diagrammene i tegningen gjelde dersom "motor" skiftes ut med "forbrenningskammer". In the case of steam boilers and heating systems, the diagrams in the drawing will apply if "engine" is replaced by "combustion chamber".
Vannet som tilsettes, kan være destillert eller vanlig drikkevann. Emulgatoren kan være av enhver type som emulgerer vann i olje bare ved at blandingen av vann, olje og emulgator røres sammen uten behov for tilførsel av mye mekanisk energi til å skape skjærkrefter i fluidene. The water that is added can be distilled or ordinary drinking water. The emulsifier can be of any type that emulsifies water in oil simply by stirring the mixture of water, oil and emulsifier together without the need for the input of a lot of mechanical energy to create shear forces in the fluids.
Hva som oppnås med emulsjonsri<gg>en What is achieved with the emulsion ri<gg>en
Når motoren kjøres ved høy belastning, kan det være ønskelig å operere med emulsjon som har høy vannkonsentrasjon, fordi dette gir god reduksjon av skadelige utslipp som NOx, CO og sot, og fordi motoren kan tolerere mye tilførsel av vann fordi dens prosesstemperatur inne i sylinderenheten er høy. When the engine is run at high load, it may be desirable to operate with an emulsion that has a high water concentration, because this provides a good reduction of harmful emissions such as NOx, CO and soot, and because the engine can tolerate a large supply of water because of its process temperature inside the cylinder unit is high.
Når motoren kjøres ved lav belastning og på tomgang, er det imidlertid fare for feiltenning og soting hvis det tilsettes for mye vann. Det er imidlertid en fordel at den også da opereres på emulsjonsdrift, men med liten vannkonsentrasjon, fordi emulsjonsdrift bidrar til å redusere sotdannelsen under forbrenningen. However, when the engine is run at low load and at idle, there is a risk of misfire and sooting if too much water is added. However, it is an advantage that it is also then operated on emulsion mode, but with a low water concentration, because emulsion mode helps to reduce the formation of soot during combustion.
Måleverdiomformeren som er innebygget i styresystemet, gjør det mulig å oppfylle begge disse ønsker. Forbrenningsmotoren kan tilføres emulsjon med lav vannkonsentrasjon når motoren kjøres med lav belastning og få tilført emulsjon med økende vannkonsentrasjon etter hvert som motorbelastningen øker, inntil det nås en maksimalgrense for vannkonsentrasjonen som ikke bør overskrides. Denne grensen er gitt av motorkonstruksjonen. The measured value converter built into the control system makes it possible to fulfill both of these wishes. The internal combustion engine can be supplied with emulsion with a low water concentration when the engine is run at low load and be supplied with emulsion with an increasing water concentration as the engine load increases, until a maximum limit is reached for the water concentration which should not be exceeded. This limit is given by the engine design.
Emulsjonsriggen fremstiller ikke emulsjon ved å tilføre mye mekanisk energi som anvendes til å skape skjærkrefter i fluidene. Fremstillingsprosessen krever heller ikke at emulsjonen dannes i et lite kretsløp så nær motoren at det oppstår problemer med å fa avkjølt returbrennstoffet som er oppvarmet i pumpene, men tillater derimot at kretsløpet kan være stort og med så lange rør at disse vil fungere som varmeveksler og lede varme fra brennoljen inne i rørene og til luften omkring. Dette gjør at emulsjonsriggen ikke betinger installasjon av kjøler i brennoljekretsen. The emulsion rig does not produce emulsion by adding a lot of mechanical energy which is used to create shear forces in the fluids. The manufacturing process also does not require that the emulsion is formed in a small circuit so close to the engine that there are problems with cooling the return fuel that is heated in the pumps, but on the other hand allows the circuit to be large and with such long pipes that these will act as heat exchangers and conduct heat from the fuel oil inside the pipes and to the surrounding air. This means that the emulsion rig does not require the installation of a cooler in the fuel oil circuit.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO990925A NO309785B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | oil emulsion |
| EP00908132A EP1075596A1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2000-02-28 | Apparatus for making water-in-fuel oil emulsion |
| PCT/NO2000/000067 WO2000053916A1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2000-02-28 | Apparatus for making water-in-fuel oil emulsion |
| AU29504/00A AU2950400A (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2000-02-28 | Apparatus for making water-in-fuel oil emulsion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO990925A NO309785B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | oil emulsion |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO990925D0 NO990925D0 (en) | 1999-02-26 |
| NO990925L NO990925L (en) | 2000-08-28 |
| NO309785B1 true NO309785B1 (en) | 2001-03-26 |
Family
ID=19903010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO990925A NO309785B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | oil emulsion |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1075596A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2950400A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO309785B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000053916A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7810309B2 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2010-10-12 | Hamilton Sundstrand | Fuel system utilizing dual mixing pump |
| DE102007042236A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Thomas Porep - Bernd Mamerow GbR (vertretungsberechtiger Gesellschafter: Thomas Porep, 23775 Großenbrode) | A method of protecting against engine damage of emulsion fueled engines |
| DE102018129178A1 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-20 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
| CN113785036B (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2024-04-26 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Emulsifier package for fuel emulsions containing quaternary ammonium surfactant |
| KR102225008B1 (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-03-09 | (주)로우카본 | Pre-treatment control and monitoring system for desulfurizing in marine engine |
| EP4056257A4 (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2023-11-22 | Lowcarbon Co., Ltd. | Ship fuel oil pretreatment desulfurization system using pretreatment desulfurization agent |
| EP4240815B1 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2024-08-14 | Basf Se | Aqueous emulsifier package for fuel emulsion |
| CA3197382A1 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-12 | Jochen Wagner | Emulsifier package with a short-chained and optionally with a long-chained surfactant for fuel emulsion |
| US12110463B2 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2024-10-08 | Basf Se | Emulsifier package with a branched and optionally with a propoxylated surfactant for fuel emulsion |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1473635A (en) * | 1966-03-31 | 1967-03-17 | Auto Comb S London Ltd | Oil combustion apparatus for heating industrial furnaces |
| US3921901A (en) * | 1974-05-28 | 1975-11-25 | Resource Planning Associates I | Atomization of liquid fuels |
| FR2312761A2 (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1976-12-24 | Faiveley Sa | Fluid proportioning device in central heating boilers - prepares enriched fuel-water emulsions in response to extinction signals from thermostat |
| US4388893A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1983-06-21 | Cedco, Incorporated | Diesel engine incorporating emulsified fuel supply system |
| DE4137179C2 (en) * | 1991-11-12 | 1997-02-27 | Hdc Ag | Device for producing a water-in-oil emulsion and use of the device on a diesel engine |
| DE19517537C2 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-03-27 | Ppv Verwaltungs Ag | Control arrangement for a device for producing a fuel mixture |
| FR2742807B1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-03-13 | Semt Pielstick | LIQUID FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR A DIESEL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
-
1999
- 1999-02-26 NO NO990925A patent/NO309785B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-02-28 EP EP00908132A patent/EP1075596A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-28 AU AU29504/00A patent/AU2950400A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-28 WO PCT/NO2000/000067 patent/WO2000053916A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000053916A1 (en) | 2000-09-14 |
| EP1075596A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 |
| AU2950400A (en) | 2000-09-28 |
| NO990925D0 (en) | 1999-02-26 |
| NO990925L (en) | 2000-08-28 |
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