NO309739B1 - Method of producing multiple fractures in a wellbore - Google Patents
Method of producing multiple fractures in a wellbore Download PDFInfo
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- NO309739B1 NO309739B1 NO940507A NO940507A NO309739B1 NO 309739 B1 NO309739 B1 NO 309739B1 NO 940507 A NO940507 A NO 940507A NO 940507 A NO940507 A NO 940507A NO 309739 B1 NO309739 B1 NO 309739B1
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- wellbore
- interval
- fracture
- flow paths
- section
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 title description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 54
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 43
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte for frembringelse av flere frakturer i en brønnboring. The present invention relates to a method for producing several fractures in a well bore.
"Hydraulisk frakturering" er en velkjent teknikk som vanligvis benyttes for å øke permeabiliteten i undervannsfor-masjoner som produserer hydrokarbonfluider eller lignende. I en typisk hydraulisk fraktureringsoperasjon senkes en arbeidsstreng ned til et sted nær formasjonen eller formasjonene som skal fraktureres ("frakturintervall"). Frakturer ingsfluid blir så pumpet ut av den nedre ende av arbeidsstrengen og inn i formasjonen med et trykk tilstrekkelig til å bevirke at lagdelingsplanene i formasjonen eller formasjonene skiller seg, dvs. "frakturerer". "Hydraulic fracturing" is a well-known technique that is usually used to increase permeability in underwater formations that produce hydrocarbon fluids or the like. In a typical hydraulic fracturing operation, a work string is lowered to a location near the formation or formations to be fractured ("fracture interval"). Fracturing fluid is then pumped out of the lower end of the working string into the formation at a pressure sufficient to cause the stratification planes in the formation or formations to separate, i.e., "fracturing."
Denne adskillelse av lagdelingsplanene skaper et nettverk av permeable kanaler eller frakturer gjennom hvilke forma-sjonsfluider kan strømme inn i brønnboringen etter at fraktureringsoperasjonen er ferdig. Etter som disse frakturer har en tendens til å lukke seg når fraktur trykket avlastes, blir propper (f.eks. sand, grus, eller andre partikkelformede materialer) rutinemessig blandet i fraktureringsfluidet for å danne en velling som i sin tur frakter proppemidlene inn i frakturene hvor de blir igjen for å "proppe" eller støtte frakturene i åpen tilstand når trykket reduseres. This separation of the stratification planes creates a network of permeable channels or fractures through which formation fluids can flow into the wellbore after the fracturing operation is complete. As these fractures tend to close when fracture pressure is relieved, plugs (eg, sand, gravel, or other particulate materials) are routinely mixed into the fracturing fluid to form a slurry that in turn carries the proppants into the fractures where they remain to "plug" or support the fractures in the open state when the pressure is reduced.
Når frakturintervallet er i hovedsak homogent (dvs. en sone med hovedsakelig det samme nedbrytningstrykk gjennom hele sin tykkelse), vil standard fraktureringsteknikker slik som den beskrevet ovenfor vanligvis frembringe en god fordeling av frakturer langs lengden eller tykkelsen av frakturintervallet. Uheldigvis ligger imidlertid mange ganger frakturintervallet i reservoarer som ikke er homogene, men i steden består intervallet av flere produksjonssoner som har vesentlig forskjellige sammenbruddstrykk, f.eks. lagvise reservoarer, reservoarer gjennomtrengt av skrå og/eller horisontale brønnboringer, tykke reservoarer, reservoarer sammensatt av flere nære produksjonssoner adskilt av tynne upermeable lag, etc. When the fracture interval is essentially homogeneous (ie, a zone of substantially the same breakdown pressure throughout its thickness), standard fracturing techniques such as that described above will usually produce a good distribution of fractures along the length or thickness of the fracture interval. Unfortunately, however, many times the fracture interval lies in reservoirs that are not homogeneous, but instead the interval consists of several production zones that have significantly different breakdown pressures, e.g. layered reservoirs, reservoirs penetrated by inclined and/or horizontal well bores, thick reservoirs, reservoirs composed of several close production zones separated by thin impermeable layers, etc.
Problemer oppstår når disse ikke-homogene intervaller fraktureres med konvensjonelle fraktureringsteknikker. For eksempel er det vanskelig, om ikke umulig, å frakturere én andre sone i frakturintervallet når en første sone innenfor intervallet (dvs. sonen med lavest "sammenbruddstrykk") har startet å frakturere. Fraktureringsfluidvellingen vil fortsette å strømme inn i denne første fraktur og utvide den når trykket øker i det isolerte brønnboringsintervall. Problems arise when these inhomogeneous intervals are fractured with conventional fracturing techniques. For example, it is difficult, if not impossible, to fracture one second zone in the fracture interval once a first zone within the interval (ie, the zone with the lowest "breakdown pressure") has begun fracturing. The fracturing fluid slurry will continue to flow into this first fracture and expand it as pressure increases in the isolated wellbore interval.
Videre er det sannsynlig at væske fra frakturvellingen går "tapt" inn i den første fraktur, slik at proppingen, f.eks. sand, felles ut av vellingen, hvorved det dannes en bro eller blokkering inne i brønnboringen nær den først frakturerjte sone. Denne bro hindrer ytterligere strømning av slam eller velling til andre soner i frakturintervallet, selv om noen av disse soner kan ha hatt tidligere sammenbrudd. Dette medfører en dårlig fordeling av frakturene gjennom hele frakturintervallet etter som vanligvis kun sonen med det laveste sammenbruddstrykk vil fraktureres tilstrekkelig. Furthermore, it is likely that fluid from the fracture slurry is "lost" into the first fracture, so that the propping, e.g. sand, falls out of the slurry, whereby a bridge or blockage is formed inside the wellbore near the first fractured zone. This bridge prevents further flow of mud or slurry to other zones in the fracture interval, even though some of these zones may have had earlier collapses. This results in a poor distribution of the fractures throughout the entire fracture interval, after which usually only the zone with the lowest collapse pressure will be sufficiently fractured.
I samsvar med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er det til-veiebragt en fremgangsmåte for å frembringe flere frakturer i én enkel operasjon fra en enkelt foret brønnboring som trenger gjennom et frakturintervall der intervallet innbefatter et antall soner som bryter sammen under forskjellig trykk, hvilken fremgangsmåte omfatter: isolering av det avsnitt av brønnboringen som ligger i hovedsak inntil frakturintervallet, In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for producing multiple fractures in a single operation from a single cased wellbore that penetrates a fracture interval where the interval includes a number of zones that break together under different pressures, which method comprises: isolation of the section of the wellbore that lies mainly up to the fracture interval,
levering av fraktureringsfluid til et parti av brønnboringen som ligger i hovedsak nær intervallet som skal fraktureres gjennom alternative strømningsbaner direkte inntil forskjellige nivåer i partiet, hvilke nivåer ligger i hovedsak nær nevnte respektive soner innenfor det isolerte avsnitt;;og delivery of fracturing fluid to a portion of the wellbore substantially near the interval to be fractured through alternative flow paths directly to various levels in the portion, which levels are substantially near said respective zones within the isolated section;; and
fortsetting av levering av fraktureringsfluid direkte til de forskjellige nivåer innenfor avsnittet for derved å frakturere de forskjellige soner innenfor frakturintervallet. continuing delivery of fracturing fluid directly to the various levels within the section to thereby fracture the various zones within the fracture interval.
Fortrinnsvis innbefatter fremgangsmåten en perforering av den forede brønnboring ved forskjellige nivåer nær de forskjellige soner i fraktureringsintervallet. Preferably, the method includes perforating the lined wellbore at different levels near the different zones in the fracturing interval.
Fremgangsmåten innbefatter isolering av nevnte parti av brønnboringen som ligger i hovedsak inntil frakturintervallet. Partiet av brønnboringen kan isoleres med ekspansjonspakninger eller med væskesøylen i brønnens ringrom. The method includes isolation of said part of the wellbore which lies mainly up to the fracture interval. The part of the wellbore can be isolated with expansion seals or with the liquid column in the annulus of the well.
Fraktureringsfluidet blir fortrinnsvis levert samtidig gjennom nevnte alternative strømningsbaner. The fracturing fluid is preferably delivered simultaneously through said alternative flow paths.
Fraktureringsfluidet kan leveres til de alternative strøm-ningsbaner med en arbeidsstreng, fortrinnsvis én enkelt arbeidsstreng, som er plassert inne i brønnboringen. The fracturing fluid can be delivered to the alternative flow paths with a work string, preferably a single work string, which is placed inside the wellbore.
I en utførelse dannes de alternative strømningsbaner av individuelle rør hvis nedre ender slutter hovedsakelig nær de respektive forskjellige nivåer. In one embodiment, the alternate flow paths are formed by individual pipes whose lower ends terminate substantially near the respective different levels.
I en annen utførelse dannes de alternative strømningsbaner av åpninger som ligger i avstand langs den nedre ende av arbeidsstrengen og er plassert til å ligge hovedsakelig nær de respektive forskjellige nivåer. In another embodiment, the alternative flow paths are formed by apertures spaced along the lower end of the working string and positioned to lie substantially close to the respective different levels.
I en ytterligere utførelse dannes de alternative strømnings-baner av et antall parallellrør som er plassert inne i den nedre ende av arbeidsstrengen, idet deres resepktive nedre ender slutter omtrent ved de forskjellige nivåer. In a further embodiment, the alternative flow paths are formed by a number of parallel tubes placed inside the lower end of the working string, their respective lower ends terminating approximately at the different levels.
Det gis nå henvisning til de vedlagte tegninger, hvor: Reference is now made to the attached drawings, where:
Figur 1 er et sideriss, delvis i snitt, av en anordning benyttet til utøvelse av fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse, vist i en driftsstilling inne i en brønnboring nær et frakturintervall; Figur 2 er et forstørret riss, delvis i snitt, av en utførelse av anordningen ifølge figur 1; Figur 3 er et snittriss tatt langs linjen 3-3 i figur 2; Figur 4 er et sideriss, delvis i snitt, av en ytterligere<1 >utførelse av anordningen ifølge figur 1; Figur 5 er et sideriss, delvis i snitt, av nok en utførelse av anordningen ifølge figur 1; og Figur 6 er et sideriss, delvis i snitt, av nok en utførelse av anordningen benyttet til å utføre den foreliggende oppf innelse. Figure 1 is a side view, partially in section, of a device used for practicing the method according to the present invention, shown in an operating position inside a wellbore near a fracture interval; Figure 2 is an enlarged view, partly in section, of an embodiment of the device according to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a side view, partly in section, of a further<1>embodiment of the device according to Figure 1; Figure 5 is a side view, partly in section, of yet another embodiment of the device according to Figure 1; and Figure 6 is a side view, partly in section, of yet another embodiment of the device used to carry out the present invention.
I IN
Det vises nå til tegningene hvor figur 1 viser den nedre ende av en produksjons- og/eller injeksjonsbrønn 10. Brønnen 10 har en brønnboring 11 som forløper fra overflaten (ikke vist) gjennom fraktursonen 12. Brønnboringen 11 blir vanligvis foret med et foringsrør 13 som sementeres (ikke vist) på! plass. Mens fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er vist når den utføres i en hellende, foret brønnbor-ing, skal det forstås at den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan likeledes benyttes i kompletteringer som har åpne hull og/eller er underrømmet, såvel som i vertikale og horisontale^ brønnboringer, alt avhengig av hva situasjonen tilsier. Reference is now made to the drawings where Figure 1 shows the lower end of a production and/or injection well 10. The well 10 has a wellbore 11 which extends from the surface (not shown) through the fracture zone 12. The wellbore 11 is usually lined with a casing 13 which cemented (not shown) on! place. While the method according to the present invention is shown when carried out in an inclined, lined wellbore, it should be understood that the present invention can likewise be used in completions that have open holes and/or are undercut, as well as in vertical and horizontal^ wellbores , all depending on what the situation dictates.
Som vist, utgjøres frakturintervallet 12 av et antall (kun to vist) soner 14, 15, som har forskjellige sammenbruddstrykk. Foringsrøret 13 perforeres i forskjellige nivåer for å gi minst to sett med perforeringer 16, 17 som ligger i hovedsak inntil den respektive sone 14,15. Siden den foreliggende oppfinnelse er anvendbar i horisontale og skrånende brønn-boringer, er betegnelsene "øvre og nedre", "topp og bunn", som benyttet her, relative betegnelser og er ment å gjelde for de respektive posisjoner innenfor en bestemt brønnboring; betegnelsen "nivåer" er ment å referere til respektive posisjoner som ligger langs brønnboringen mellom endene av frakturintervallet. As shown, the fracture interval 12 is constituted by a number (only two shown) of zones 14, 15, which have different collapse pressures. The casing 13 is perforated at different levels to provide at least two sets of perforations 16, 17 which lie substantially adjacent to the respective zone 14, 15. Since the present invention is applicable in horizontal and inclined well bores, the terms "upper and lower", "top and bottom", as used herein, are relative terms and are intended to apply to the respective positions within a particular well bore; the term "levels" is intended to refer to respective positions located along the wellbore between the ends of the fracture interval.
En fraktureringsanordning 20 blir plassert i brønnboringen 11 i nærheten av frakturintervallet 12. Fraktureringsanordningen 20 utgjøres av en arbeidsstreng 21 som er lukket i sin nedre ende 22 og som forløper til overflaten (ikke vist). Arbeidsstrengen 21 har et antall åpninger (f.eks. øvre og nedre sett åpninger 23, 24) som ligger i avstand over den nedre ende 22 for å falle grovt sammen med foringsrørperforeringene 16, 17. Ekspansjonspakninger 25 og 27 isolerer partiet eller avsnittet 26 i brønnboringen 11 som ligger nær frakturintervallet 12; det skal imidlertid forstås av fagmannen at væskesøylen (ikke vist) som vanligvis er tilstede i det avstengte ringrom av brønnen ofte benyttes til effektiv isolering av frakturintervallet uten behov for den øvre ekspansjonspakning 25. Som benyttet her er "det isolerte avsnitt" ment å dekke både et intervall som isoleres med ekspansjonspakninger eller lignende og et isolert med væsken i ringrommet. A fracturing device 20 is placed in the wellbore 11 in the vicinity of the fracture interval 12. The fracturing device 20 consists of a working string 21 which is closed at its lower end 22 and which extends to the surface (not shown). The working string 21 has a number of openings (eg, upper and lower sets of openings 23, 24) spaced across the lower end 22 to roughly coincide with the casing perforations 16, 17. Expansion gaskets 25 and 27 insulate the portion or section 26 in the wellbore 11 located near the fracture interval 12; however, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the fluid column (not shown) which is usually present in the shut-off annulus of the well is often used to effectively isolate the fracture interval without the need for the upper expansion pack 25. As used herein, "the isolated section" is intended to cover both an interval that is isolated with expansion gaskets or the like and one that is isolated with the liquid in the annulus.
I drift, pumpes et fraktureringsslam som inneholder partik-kelformet materiale eller "propper", f.eks. sand, ned arbeidsstrengen 21 og ut gjennom de øvre og nedre åpninger 23, 24 inn i brønnboringens 11 isolerte avsnitt 26. Etter hvert som avsnittet 26 fylles med slam og trykket øker, presses slammet gjennom foringsrørperforeringene 16, 17 og forsøker å entre sonene 14, 15 i frakturintervallet 12. Som vist, etter som sonen 15 har et lavere sammenbruddstrykk, tar imidlertid slammet banen med minst motstand og entrer og frakturerer sonen 15 først. In operation, a fracturing mud containing particulate material or "plugs" is pumped, e.g. sand, down the working string 21 and out through the upper and lower openings 23, 24 into the isolated section 26 of the wellbore 11. As the section 26 fills with mud and the pressure increases, the mud is forced through the casing perforations 16, 17 and tries to enter the zones 14, 15 in the fracture interval 12. As shown, however, as the zone 15 has a lower collapse pressure, the mud takes the path of least resistance and enters and fractures the zone 15 first.
I en konvensjonell fraktureringsoperasjon hvor slammet kun utgår gjennom den nedre ende av en arbeidsstreng når sonen 15 bryter ned, vil slammet fortsette å strømme inn i sonen 15 for å utvide den første fraktur mens lite eller intet slam tvinges gjennom de øvre foringsrørperforeringer 16 inne i sonen 14. Til slutt går fluidet fra slammet tapt inn i den først frakturerte sone 15, slik at sanden i slammet utfelles og danner en bro 30 (figur 1) i brønnboringen. Broen 3;0 blokkerer en hver ytterligere slamstrømning til sonen 14, hvilket medfører en dårlig fordeling av frakturene gjennom hele frakturintervallet 12. Dette kan medføre at arbeidsstrengen må omplasseres, ekspansjonspakningene igjen innsettes, etc, for å tilveiebringe de ønskede multiple frakturer i frakturintervallet 12. In a conventional fracturing operation where the mud only exits through the lower end of a working string when the zone 15 breaks down, the mud will continue to flow into the zone 15 to widen the first fracture while little or no mud is forced through the upper casing perforations 16 into the zone 14. Finally, the fluid from the mud is lost into the first fractured zone 15, so that the sand in the mud is precipitated and forms a bridge 30 (figure 1) in the wellbore. The bridge 3;0 blocks any further flow of mud to the zone 14, which results in a poor distribution of the fractures throughout the fracture interval 12. This may result in the work string having to be repositioned, the expansion gaskets inserted again, etc., in order to provide the desired multiple fractures in the fracture interval 12.
Med den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan slammet, selv etter at sonen 15 har blitt frakturert og/eller avsandet, fortsette å strømme gjennom de øvre åpninger 23, dvs. alternative strømningsbaner, i arbeidsstrengen 21. Etter hvert som trykket bygger seg opp over sammenbruddstrykket for sonen 14, vil slammet presses gjennom foringsrørperforeringene 16 til fraktursonen 14. Mens kun to soner i frakturintervallet og to sett åpninger i arbeidsstrengen og foringsrøret har vært vist, skal det forstås at arbeidsstrengen ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan ha åpninger ved flere enn to nivåer for å betjene mer enn to soner i det ønskede frakturintervall. Det viktige trekk er å tilveiebringe alternative strømningsbaner for slammet til de forskjellige nivåer eller soner i frakturintervallet, slik at flere frakturer kan produseres fra en enkelt arbeidsstreng. Slammet vil fortsette å bli avgitt til de respektive nivåer i intervallet for å frakturere de respektive soner inntil alle sonene har blitt frakturert, uansett hvilken sone som frakturerer først eller om sandbroer danner seg eller ikke danner seg i brønnboringen under frakturoperasjonen. With the present invention, the mud, even after the zone 15 has been fractured and/or de-sanded, can continue to flow through the upper openings 23, i.e. alternative flow paths, in the working string 21. As the pressure builds above the collapse pressure of the zone 14 , the mud will be forced through the casing perforations 16 to the fracture zone 14. While only two zones in the fracture interval and two sets of openings in the work string and casing have been shown, it should be understood that the work string of the present invention may have openings at more than two levels to serve more than two zones in the desired fracture interval. The important feature is to provide alternative flow paths for the mud to the different levels or zones of the fracture interval, so that multiple fractures can be produced from a single working string. The mud will continue to be discharged to the respective levels in the interval to fracture the respective zones until all zones have been fractured, regardless of which zone fractures first or whether or not sand bridges form in the wellbore during the fracturing operation.
Mens fraktureringsfluidet i de fleste operasjoner vil strømme samtidig gjennom alle de alternative strømningsbaner til alle de forskjellige nivåer innenfor frakturintervallet, kan det noen ganger være ønskelig å frakturere sonene i et bestemt frakturintervall i en foretrukken rekkefølge. Følgelig kan de respektive åpninger i arbeidsstrengen dimensjoneres slik at slammet vil søke banen med minst motstand og vil strømme primært gjennom de større åpninger i arbeidsstrengen som er plassert nær den første sone som skal fraktureres, deretter gjennom et andre sett mindre åpninger plassert i nærheten av en andre sone, og så videre inntil alle soner er blitt frakturert. While in most operations the fracturing fluid will flow simultaneously through all the alternative flow paths to all the different levels within the fracture interval, it may sometimes be desirable to fracture the zones in a particular fracture interval in a preferred order. Accordingly, the respective openings in the work string can be sized so that the mud will seek the path of least resistance and will flow primarily through the larger openings in the work string located near the first zone to be fractured, then through a second set of smaller openings located near a second zone, and so on until all zones have been fractured.
Ventilinnretninger (ikke vist), f.eks. plater som brister ved forskjellig trykk, kan også benyttes for å lukke åpninger i arbeidsstrengen ved bestemte nivåer slik at ingen strømning vil forekomme gjennom disse åpninger før et ønsket trykk er nådd. Valve devices (not shown), e.g. plates that burst at different pressures can also be used to close openings in the working string at certain levels so that no flow will occur through these openings until a desired pressure is reached.
Figurene 2 og 3 viser nok en utførelse av en fraktureringsanordning 20a som kan benyttes til å utføre den foreliggende oppfinnelse. Anordningen 20a utgjøres av en bunt eller et antall rørledninger 31, 32 (kun to vist) som er montert og omsluttes innenfor perforerte transportrør 33, som i sin tur gir strukturell integritet og bæring for rørene. Rørlednin-gene 31, 32 kan være av forskjellige lengder (som vist), slik at de avslutter ved forskjellige nivåer innenfor røret 33 og er åpne kun i deres nedre ender eller de kan ha lik eller varierende lengde med åpninger (ikke vist) ved forskjellige nivåer for å sammenfalle i hovedsak med de forskjellige perforeringer i foringsrøret 13a. Figures 2 and 3 show another embodiment of a fracturing device 20a which can be used to carry out the present invention. The device 20a consists of a bundle or a number of pipelines 31, 32 (only two shown) which are mounted and enclosed within perforated transport pipes 33, which in turn provide structural integrity and support for the pipes. The conduits 31, 32 may be of different lengths (as shown), so that they terminate at different levels within the pipe 33 and are open only at their lower ends or they may be of equal or varying length with openings (not shown) at different levels to coincide essentially with the various perforations in the casing 13a.
Som vist i figur 2 leveres slammet ut av de nedre ender av de individuelle rørledninger 31, 32 for å fylle den nedre ende av transportrøret 33. Vellingen vil strømme ut av perforeringene i røret 33 for å fylle det isolerte avsnitt 26a av brønnboringen. Som beskrevet ovenfor bryter slammet først ned sonen 15a siden den har det laveste sammenbruddstrykk. Når dette skjer og selv om en sandbro dannes og blokkerer strømningen gjennom den nedre ende av transportrø-ret 33, vil slam fortsatt bli levert gjennom røret 32 og de As shown in Figure 2, the slurry is delivered out of the lower ends of the individual pipelines 31, 32 to fill the lower end of the transport pipe 33. The slurry will flow out of the perforations in the pipe 33 to fill the isolated section 26a of the wellbore. As described above, the sludge first breaks down the zone 15a since it has the lowest breakdown pressure. When this happens and even if a sand bridge forms and blocks the flow through the lower end of the transport pipe 33, sludge will still be delivered through the pipe 32 and the
i øvre perforeringer i røret 33 for å frakturere den andre sone (ikke vist) i frakturintervallet 12a. Figur 4 viser en f raktureringsanordning 30b, som er lik) fraktureringsanordningen 20a, som har et antall rørledninger 31a, 32a som er montert på og båret av et sentralt rørelement 33a. Bånd 34 eller lignende fester rørene på den ytre' overflate av det sentrale element 33. Rørene 31a, 32a avslutter i forskjellige nivåer og benyttes til å utføre den; multiple fraktureringsoperasjon på samme måte som beskrevet ovenfor i forbindelse med fraktureringsanordningen 30a. Figur 5 viser en fjerde utførelse av en fraktureringsanord-; ning 30c som utgjøres av en arbeidsstreng 21b som i sin tur er tilpasset til å forløpe nedad inn i brønnboringen 11 til et sted som er i nærheten av toppen av frakturintervallet 12c. Et antall rør 31c, 32c (kun to vist) som har forskjel-| lige lengder er forbundet til bunnen av arbeidsstrengen 21b og er i fluidkommunikasjon med den. Når anordningen 30c er i en betjenbar stilling i brønnboringen, vil rørene 31c, 32c; avslutte i forskjellige nivåer innenfor brønnboringen nær de forskjellige soner av frakturintervallet. Fraktureringsslam strømmer ned arbeidsstrengen 21b og avgis direkte til forskjellige nivåer innenfor det isolerte avsnitt 26c gjennom rørledningene (dvs. alternative baner) for å utføre fraktureringsoperasjonen som beskrevet ovenfor. in upper perforations in the pipe 33 to fracture the second zone (not shown) in the fracture interval 12a. Figure 4 shows a fracturing device 30b, which is similar to the fracturing device 20a, which has a number of pipelines 31a, 32a which are mounted on and carried by a central pipe element 33a. Bands 34 or the like fasten the tubes on the outer surface of the central element 33. The tubes 31a, 32a end at different levels and are used to perform it; multiple fracturing operation in the same way as described above in connection with the fracturing device 30a. Figure 5 shows a fourth embodiment of a fracturing device; ning 30c which is constituted by a working string 21b which in turn is adapted to run downwards into the wellbore 11 to a place which is near the top of the fracture interval 12c. A number of tubes 31c, 32c (only two shown) which have difference | equal lengths are connected to the bottom of the working string 21b and are in fluid communication with it. When the device 30c is in an operable position in the wellbore, the pipes 31c, 32c; terminate at different levels within the wellbore near the different zones of the fracture interval. Fracturing mud flows down the working string 21b and is discharged directly to various levels within the isolated section 26c through the pipelines (ie alternate paths) to perform the fracturing operation as described above.
Nok en utførelse av en f raktureringsanordning som kan1 benyttes til å utføre den foreliggende fremgangsmåte er vist i figur 6. Fraktureringsanordningen 30d utgjøres av et bærerør 33d med et perforert nedre avsnitt som er tilpasset til å ligge i nærheten av frakturintervallet 12d når anordningen 30d er i en betjenbar stilling i brønnboringen Ild. Et antall parallellrør 31d, 32d (kun to vist) med forskjellige lengder er montert inne i den perforerte seksjon av arbeidsstrengen med sine øvre ender beliggende i nærheten av den øvre ende av den perforerte seksjon, og deres respektive nedre ender avslutter i forskjellige nivåer innenfor den perforerte seksjon. Parallellrørene er åpne i både de øvre og nedre ender for å tillate fluidstrømningen gjennom disse. Another embodiment of a fracturing device that can be used to carry out the present method is shown in Figure 6. The fracturing device 30d is constituted by a carrier pipe 33d with a perforated lower section which is adapted to lie in the vicinity of the fracture interval 12d when the device 30d is in a serviceable position in the well drilling Ild. A number of parallel tubes 31d, 32d (only two shown) of different lengths are mounted inside the perforated section of the working string with their upper ends located near the upper end of the perforated section and their respective lower ends terminating at different levels within the perforated section. The parallel tubes are open at both the upper and lower ends to allow fluid flow through them.
I drift strømmer fraktureringsslam ned arbeidsstrengen og ut fra den perforerte seksjon i dens nedre ende. Samtidig sendes slammet gjennom parallellrørene (dvs. alternative baner) og de nære åpningene i den perforerte seksjon for å bli avgitt direkte til de respektive, ulike nivåer. Dersom en sone frakturerer først og/eller en sandbro dannes før frakturer ingsoperasjonen er ferdig, kan slammet fortsatt strømme gjennom de ytre parallellrør for å frakturere de andre soner innenfor frakturintervallet. In operation, fracturing mud flows down the working string and out of the perforated section at its lower end. At the same time, the sludge is sent through the parallel pipes (ie alternative paths) and the close openings in the perforated section to be discharged directly to the respective, different levels. If one zone fractures first and/or a sand bridge forms before the fracturing operation is complete, the mud can still flow through the outer parallel tubes to fracture the other zones within the fracture interval.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/745,657 US5161618A (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1991-08-16 | Multiple fractures from a single workstring |
| PCT/US1992/006834 WO1993004268A1 (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1992-08-14 | Method for producing multiple fractures in a wellbore |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO940507L NO940507L (en) | 1994-02-14 |
| NO940507D0 NO940507D0 (en) | 1994-02-14 |
| NO309739B1 true NO309739B1 (en) | 2001-03-19 |
Family
ID=24997667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO940507A NO309739B1 (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1994-02-14 | Method of producing multiple fractures in a wellbore |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5161618A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU665570B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2115368C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4292758T1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2273308B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO309739B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2103495C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993004268A1 (en) |
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| US2970645A (en) * | 1957-03-06 | 1961-02-07 | Pan American Petroleum Corp | Producing multiple fractures in a well |
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-
1991
- 1991-08-16 US US07/745,657 patent/US5161618A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-08-14 CA CA002115368A patent/CA2115368C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-14 RU RU94017659A patent/RU2103495C1/en active
- 1992-08-14 DE DE4292758T patent/DE4292758T1/en active Pending
- 1992-08-14 GB GB9402956A patent/GB2273308B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-14 WO PCT/US1992/006834 patent/WO1993004268A1/en active Application Filing
- 1992-08-14 AU AU24914/92A patent/AU665570B2/en not_active Expired
- 1992-08-14 DE DE4292758A patent/DE4292758B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1994
- 1994-02-14 NO NO940507A patent/NO309739B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| GB2273308A (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| NO940507L (en) | 1994-02-14 |
| AU2491492A (en) | 1993-03-16 |
| NO940507D0 (en) | 1994-02-14 |
| DE4292758B4 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
| GB9402956D0 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| GB2273308B (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| CA2115368A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
| DE4292758T1 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
| US5161618A (en) | 1992-11-10 |
| CA2115368C (en) | 2003-02-25 |
| WO1993004268A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
| RU2103495C1 (en) | 1998-01-27 |
| AU665570B2 (en) | 1996-01-11 |
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