NO20201441A1 - Method and apparatus for early detection of kicks - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for early detection of kicks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO20201441A1 NO20201441A1 NO20201441A NO20201441A NO20201441A1 NO 20201441 A1 NO20201441 A1 NO 20201441A1 NO 20201441 A NO20201441 A NO 20201441A NO 20201441 A NO20201441 A NO 20201441A NO 20201441 A1 NO20201441 A1 NO 20201441A1
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- Prior art keywords
- flow
- rate
- vfrout
- out rate
- drilling
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010037833 rales Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF KTCKS
BACKGROUND
[0001] Embodiments of the disclosure relate generally to methods and apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop.
[0002] During drilling operations, gas, oil or other well fluids at a high pressure may flow from the drilled formations into the wellbore created during the drilling process. An unplanned influx from the formation into the wellbore is referred to in the industry as a “kick” and may occur at unpredictable moments. If the “kick” is not promptly controlled, the well and the equipment in the well will be damaged. Currently, specific commercial meter, such as Coriolis, EM or Doppler meters may be used for the flow-in and flow-out measurement in an uphole environment; or using the difference between flow-in and flow-out, which is obtained by collecting more information and constructing more complex models to calibrate as much as possible of the flow-out measured in a downhole environment, to detect the kick.
[0003] Therefore, it would be desirable if a method and an apparatus could be provided for early kick detection at least with simple configuration, high reliability and efficiency.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0004] In accordance with one embodiment disclosed herein, a method for early kick detection in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop is provided. The method comprises collecting flow-in rate and flow-out rate of a drilling fluid; calibrating the flow-out rate to obtain a calibrated flow-out rate of the drilling fluid; determining a difference flow rate between the flow-in rate and the calibrated flow-out rate of the drilling fluid; and identifying the kicks based on the flow rate difference.
[0005] In accordance with another embodiment disclosed herein, an apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop is provided. The apparatus comprises a first sensor, positioned in a onshore input flow section of the drilling fluid loop, for detecting flow-in rate of a drilling fluid; a second sensor, positioned in an undersea return How section of the drilling fluid loop, for detecting flow-out rate of the drilling fluid; and a controller communicated with the first sensor and the second sensor. The controller comprises a parameter collecting unit configured for collecting the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate of the drilling fluid; a calculating unit configured for calibrating the flow-out rate to obtain a calibrated flow-out rate of the drilling fluid and determining a flow rate difference between the flow-in rate and the calibrated flow-out rate of the drilling fluid; and a kick detection unit configured for identifying the kicks based on the flow rate difference.
DRAWINGS
[0006] These and other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
[0007] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop according to one embodiment; and
[0008] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for early detection of kicks in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop according to one embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0009] Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms “a” and “an” do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items. The use of “including,” “comprising” or “having” and variations thereof herein are meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
[0010] A “fluid” may he, but is not limited to, a gas, a liquid, an emulsion, a slurry, and/or a stream of solid particles that has flow characteristics similar to liquid flow. “Fluid pressure” is a pressure generated by a fluid in a formation.
[0011] Referring to FIG. 1, an apparatus for early detection of kicks in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop according to one embodiment is shown. In this illustrated embodiment, the apparatus 1 is useable in an offshore drilling installation having a drilling fluid loop 11 into a well drilled below the seabed. A fluid flow is pumped into the well from a platform on the water surface and flows towards the well via an input fluid path. A return flow flows from the well towards the surface via a return path. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the platform on the water surface is a mud tank.
[0012] In this illustrated embodiment, the apparatus 1 includes a first sensorlO configured to measure the flow-in rate of a drilling fluid pumped into the well. The first sensor 10, positioned in a onshore input flow section 101 of the drilling fluid loop 11, may be a stroke counter connected to a fluid pump that provides the input flow into the input fluid path. Due to the uniformity of the density and other physical properties of the fluid input into the well, various known flow measuring methods may be employed.
[0013] The apparatus 1 further includes a second sensor 20 configured to measure the flow-out rate of the drilling fluid. The second sensor 20, positioned in an undersea return flow section 102 of the drilling fluid loop 11, may be a flow measuring device of any existing type with no requirement for the accuracy of the measured flow rate.
[0014] The apparatus 1 further includes a controller 30 communicated with the first sensor 10 and the second sensor 20. The controller 30 comprises a parameter collecting unit 31, a calculating unit 32 and a kick detection unit 33.
[0015] The parameter collecting unit 31 is configured for collecting the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate measured by the first sensor 10 and the second sensor 20 in real time.
[0016] The calculating unit 32 is configured for calibrating the flow-out rate and determining a flow rate difference between the flow-in rate and the calibrated flowout rate of the drilling fluid. The calculating unit 32 further includes a modeling element 321 and a calibrating element 322. The modeling element 321 is configured for monitoring an evaluation of the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate over time, and obtaining a reference pattern based on the evaluation of the flow-in rate and the flowout rate over time. The calibrating element 322 is configured for determining the calibrated flow-out rate based on the reference pattern. For illustration purpose, a linear function of the trend of the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate as measured over time is now assumed as flows (It is understood that the trends of the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate over time may be a higher-order function or a non-linear function):
[0017] wherein VFRin is the flow-in rate as measured, VFRout is the flow-out rate as measured, t is time, K and T0 is time-varying parameters which can be estimated via the following equation:
[0018] In normal operation (i.e., no kick event occurs), the flow-out rate equals to the flow-in rale and should be understood as a calibrated flow-out rate (VFRout), then the following equation can be obtained:
[0019] By replacing the equation (3) into the equation (1), the following equation can be obtained:
[0020] Then, the calibrated flow-out rate may he obtained via the equation (4).
[0021] After the calibrated flow rate is obtained, the flow rate difference may be determined by the following equation (5):
[0022] Wherein the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) can be constant or variable. If the flow-in rate is constant, the above calibration process may be simplified via the following equation:
T0 = 0
VFRout(t) = K · VFRin
[0023] The kick detection unit 33 is configured for identifying the kicks based on the flow rate difference. Specifically, the flow-out rate always equals to the flowin rate during normal operation (i.e., no kick event occurs), and the flow rate difference is zero. If the flow-in rate continues to be greater than zero, the flow rate difference continues to increase, which indicates that a kick event has occurred or is imminent.
[0024] The controller 30 further includes a pre-processing unit (34) configured for pre-processing the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate ( VFRout ) of the drilling fluid to filter out fluctuations so as to increase the accuracy of the preceding calibration process.
[0025] In some embodiments, the apparatus 1 also includes a third sensor 40 configured for collecting drilling parameters of drilling bit motion. The drilling parameters include the area of the cross section of the drilling bit and the rate of the drilling bit motion. The third sensor 40 is communicated with the Wellsite Information Transfer Specification System, and the controller 30 as well. In the preceding calibration process, the variety of the flow-out rate caused by the drilling bit motion also needs to be taken into consideration. The variety of the flow-out rate caused by the drilling bit motion may be obtained by the following equation: VFRoutdrillingbit(t) = S · drillingbitvelocity(t)
[0026] Wherein S is the area of the cross section of the drilling hit, drillingbitvelocity is the rate of the drilling bit motion, and VFRoutdrillingbit(t) is the flow-out rate caused by the drilling bit motion.
[0027] Referring to FIG. 2, a flow diagram of a method for early detection of kicks in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop according to one embodiment is illustrated. The method 100 includes a step 110 of collecting flow-in rate and flowout rate of a drilling fluid; a step 120 of calibrating the flow-out rate to obtain a calibrated flow-out rate of the drilling fluid; a step 130 of determining a flow rate difference between the flow-in rate and the calibrated flow-out rate of the drilling fluid; and a step 140 of identifying the kicks based on the flow rate difference.
[0028] In one embodiment, the step 120 includes a step 121 of monitoring an evaluation of the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate over time; a step 122 of obtaining a reference pattern based on the evaluation of the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate over time; and a step 123 of determining the calibrated flow-out rate based on the reference pattern. The reference pattern comprises at least one time-varying parameter for calibrating the flow-out rate.
[0029] In one embodiment, the method 100 further includes a step 150 of preprocessing the flow-in rate and the flow-out rate of the drilling fluid to filter out fluctuations.
[0030] In one embodiment, thelOO further includes a step 161 of collecting a drilling parameter of drilling bit motion; and a step 162 of estimating a drilling flowout rate based on the drilling parameter to calibrate the flow-out rate.
[0031] The apparatus and method as described above are provided for early kick detection. An accurate estimation of a flow-out rate can be obtained without a high precision flowmeter and a complicated calibration process of the flow-out rate so as to achieve accurate and early detection of kick.
[0032] While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the skilled artisan will recognize the interchangeability of various features from different embodiments. Similarly, the various method steps and features described, as well as other known equivalents for each such methods and feature, can be mixed and matched by one of ordinary skill in this art to construct additional assemblies and techniques in accordance with principles of this disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for early kick detection in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop, comprising:
collecting flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and flow-out rate ( VFRout ) of a drilling fluid;
calibrating the flow-out rate ( VFRout ) to obtain a calibrated flow-out rate ( VFRout ) of the drilling fluid;
determining a flow rate difference ( Δ flow ) between the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the calibrated flow-out rate ( VFRout ) of the drilling fluid; and
identifying the kicks based on the flow rate difference (Δ flow).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein calibrating the flow-out rate (VFRout) to obtain the calibrated flow-out rate (VFRout) of the drilling fluid comprises:
monitoring an evaluation of the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate (VFRout) over time;
obtaining a reference pattern based on the evaluation of the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate ( VFRout ) over time; and
determining the calibrated flow-out rate ( VFRout ) based on the reference pattern.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference pattern comprises at least one time-varying parameter (K, T0) for calibrating the flow-out rate.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
pre-processing the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate (VFRout) of the drilling fluid to filter out fluctuations.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
collecting a drilling parameter ( S, drillingbitvelocity ) of drilling bit motion; and
estimating a drilling flow-out rate (VFRoutdrillingbit) based on the drilling parameter (5, drillingbitvelocity ) to calibrate the flow-out rate ( VFRout ).
6. An apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system with a drilling fluid loop, comprising:
a first sensor, positioned in a onshore input flow section of the drilling fluid loop, for detecting flow-in rate ( VFRin ) of a drilling fluid;
a second sensor, positioned in an undersea return flow section of the drilling fluid loop, for detecting flow-out rate (VFRout) of the drilling fluid; and
a controller communicated with the first sensor and the second sensor and comprising:
a parameter collecting unit configured for collecting the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate ( VFRout ) of the drilling fluid;
a calculating unit configured for calibrating the flow-out rate (VFRout) to obtain a calibrated flow-out rate ( VFRout ) of the drilling fluid and determining a flow rate difference (Δ flow) between the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the calibrated flow-out rate (V FRout) of the drilling fluid; and
a kick detection unit configured for identifying the kicks based on the flow rate difference (Δflow).
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the calculating unit comprises:
a modeling element for monitoring an evaluation of the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate ( VFRout ) over time, obtaining a reference pattern based on the evaluation of the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate ( VFRout ) over time; and
a calibrating element for determining the calibrated flow-out rate (VFRout) based on the reference pattern.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the reference pattern comprises at least one time-varying parameter (K, T0) for calibrating the flow-out rate.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprises:
a pre-processing unit configured for pre-processing the flow-in rate ( VFRin ) and the flow-out rate ( VFRout ) of the drilling fluid to filter out fluctuations.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the parameter collecting unit is further configured for collecting a drilling parameter ( S , drillingbitvelocity ) of drilling bit motion from a third sensor; and the calculating unit is further configured for estimating a drilling flow-out rate ( VFRoutdrillingbit ) based on the drilling parameter (S, drillingbitvelocity ) to calibrate the flow-out rate (VFRout).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2018/092308 WO2019241980A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Method and apparatus for early detection of kicks |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20201441A1 true NO20201441A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
Family
ID=68983169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20201441A NO20201441A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2020-12-30 | Method and apparatus for early detection of kicks |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210246743A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20210013721A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN112543839A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112020023947A2 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2020012617A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20201441A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019241980A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4610161A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1986-09-09 | Exxon Production Research Co. | Method and apparatus for determining fluid circulation conditions in well drilling operations |
| US4754641A (en) * | 1987-02-10 | 1988-07-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for measurement of fluid flow in a drilling rig return line |
| US5063776A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-11-12 | Anadrill, Inc. | Method and system for measurement of fluid flow in a drilling rig return line |
| US6257354B1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2001-07-10 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drilling fluid flow monitoring system |
| US7334651B2 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2008-02-26 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Kick warning system using high frequency fluid mode in a borehole |
| GB2478119A (en) * | 2010-02-24 | 2011-08-31 | Managed Pressure Operations Llc | A drilling system having a riser closure mounted above a telescopic joint |
| US20140291023A1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-10-02 | s Alston Edbury | Monitoring of drilling operations with flow and density measurement |
| US9033048B2 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2015-05-19 | Hydril Usa Manufacturing Llc | Apparatuses and methods for determining wellbore influx condition using qualitative indications |
| US9163497B2 (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-10-20 | Sas Institute Inc. | Fluid flow back prediction |
| CN204532178U (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-08-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Drilling well liquid measure intelligent judging device and overflow and leakage intelligent early-warning system |
| CN205154146U (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-04-13 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Well kick lost circulation monitoring devices |
| CN106917596A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-07-04 | 通用电气公司 | For the well kick detecting system and method and related well system of drill well bores |
| CN105952436B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2019-08-20 | 西南石油大学 | A method of early stage well kick overflow real-time monitoring is carried out based on instantaneous flow |
| CN205638300U (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-10-12 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Well drilling working condition monitoring system |
| CN207261003U (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-04-20 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司录井公司 | A kind of drilling well outlet flow measurement device |
-
2018
- 2018-06-22 US US16/972,919 patent/US20210246743A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-22 WO PCT/CN2018/092308 patent/WO2019241980A1/en active Application Filing
- 2018-06-22 BR BR112020023947-0A patent/BR112020023947A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-06-22 CN CN201880093597.5A patent/CN112543839A/en active Pending
- 2018-06-22 KR KR1020207037301A patent/KR20210013721A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-06-22 MX MX2020012617A patent/MX2020012617A/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 NO NO20201441A patent/NO20201441A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2019241980A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
| KR20210013721A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
| CN112543839A (en) | 2021-03-23 |
| BR112020023947A2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
| MX2020012617A (en) | 2021-01-29 |
| US20210246743A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
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