NO20191228A1 - Method and system for removing parasites on marine organisms - Google Patents
Method and system for removing parasites on marine organisms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO20191228A1 NO20191228A1 NO20191228A NO20191228A NO20191228A1 NO 20191228 A1 NO20191228 A1 NO 20191228A1 NO 20191228 A NO20191228 A NO 20191228A NO 20191228 A NO20191228 A NO 20191228A NO 20191228 A1 NO20191228 A1 NO 20191228A1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- water
- fish
- treatment chamber
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 215
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000078703 ectoparasite Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004460 Tanacetum coccineum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N [2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940015367 pyrethrum Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 95
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 95
- 241001674048 Phthiraptera Species 0.000 description 29
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 17
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000277289 Salmo salar Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001247234 Lepeophtheirus salmonis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000277263 Salmo Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000224489 Amoeba Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003322 Coinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003332 Ilex aquifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209027 Ilex aquifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007279 water homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
- A61K36/287—Chrysanthemum, e.g. daisy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REMOVING PARASITES ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and system for removing parasites on a marine organism, such as fish. More particularly the invention relates to a method and system as set out in the introductory portion of the independent claims.
Background Art
Parasites constitute a large threat to the welfare of marine organisms. Parasites are often species specific and thrive when the host population increases, especially within a limited confinement, as observed with intensive rearing of marine organisms.
Ectoparasites is a type of parasites that lives on the exterior of its host. A problematic type of ectoparasite is called salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and lives on the species of the Salmonidae family such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is a significant source of monetary losses for salmon farms. At high infestation levels the salmon lice damage the hosts’ skin which can result in problems with osmoregulation and secondary infections.
At present, there are two different active treatment categories for removing or reducing lice on the salmon; medical or mechanical. The medical treatments use chemicals such as in a closed net cage to remove lice from exterior of the outside of the fish or medicines are mixed in the meal to remove lice from the inside of the fish. The medical treatments have major drawbacks as they are pollutive both for the fish and for the environment. The chemical therapies in the net cage are also from 1. January 2019 to a certain degree no longer allowed as a treatment method for fighting lice in Norway. An example of prohibited treatment is a bath treatment directly in the reservoir with a shrimp field within a proximity of 500 m.
Examples of mechanical treatment methods are tempered water, flushing with water directly on the fish or use of brushes. All the mechanical treatment methods have negative impact on the welfare of the fish, either by scale loss, stress induction or handling related mortality.
There are several publications discussing removal of ectoparasites, such as lice from salmon. The publication from 2001 by Boxaspen and Holm, “The development of pyrethrum-based treatments against ectoparasitic salmon lice Lepeophteirus salmonis in sea cage rearing of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L”. This publication discusses the method of using an oil-based chemical in a net cage to delouse the fish. The fish was intended to delouse itself by jumping through the oil emulsion. However, the treatment is less efficient as it is dependent on the jumping frequency of the fish. A further study from 2011 by T.Dempster, T.S. Kristiansen, Ø.J. Korsøren, J.E. Fosseidengen and F.
Oppedal, “Modifying Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) jumping behavior to facilitate innovation of parasitic lice control techniques” seeks to solve this by refusing access to the surface for the salmon for a period of time in order to increase the jumping frequency and thereby increase the efficiency of the delousing in the net-cage. Both these methods require that the fish jump out of the sea in order to have any effect.
WO2012148283 relates to a closed system and a method for treatment of lice, which discloses a pipeline having a part that is U-shaped. There is a water based liquid bath in the U-shaped part where the fish is being guided through to remove the lice from the fish. The fish in this system are forced to flow through the U-shaped pipeline in order to remove the lice. The system is however less efficient and damaging for the fish as it is transported through lukewarm water or a water-based chemical through the U-formed pipeline. The medicine requires a longer exposure time than possible with this system. An increase in dosage to reduce the treatment time would induce high mortality as the used medicine are toxic to fish at higher dosages than prescribed.
WO 9641536 relates to a system for combating parasites in farmed fish. The publication indicates the use of an oil emulsion with pyrethrum.
EP314111 relates to a system for combating salmon lice by utilization of enclosed volumes of fresh water at the surface of the fishpen. Fresh water is a known delousing agent, but usage is limited as the required period of time needed for satisfactory delousing efficacy is extensive as adult salmon lice have been reported alive after 48 hours of exposure to fresh water in lab studies.
NO20120774 relates to a system for combating salmon lice by utilization of enclosed volumes within the fishpen where fish can swim to be exposed to liquids with delousing properties such as fresh water.
WO2015011208 describes the use of more than one active biocidal molecule when medically treating fish for parasites. Tarpaulin treatment is here described as the usage of a tarpaulin to enclose the fish pen to achieve a closed treatment volume suitable for use of delousing chemicals.
WO2013066191 describes a system for limiting surface access within a fish pen and enclose the free surface area to create a barrier between infectious copepods and farmed fish within the enclosed system.
WO2014129908 describes usage onboard vessels contrary to tarpaulin treatments as the enclosed volume with fish is onboard a vessel. Enclosed volume onboard vessel is here further described as a helix where salmon is moved from inlet to outlet in a bath over a given time dependent on the rotations per minute within the helix.
Disadvantages of the prior art is that they are time consuming, stressful for fish, damaging for fish, large and stationary which are not easily adaptable to for instance a vessel, pollutant etc.
It is an objective of the invention to provide a method and a system that provides an efficient removal of parasites on marine organism on a large scale, that has large capacity, and that is less time consuming, less stressful and less damaging on the marine organism.
It is a further objective of the invention to provide a method and system that is environmentally friendly. It is also an objective to provide a system and method that provides an opportunity to use chemicals/medicinal treatment that focus on the environment and the health of the marine organism.
It is also an objective to provide a system where the treatment is performed in a system that is separated from the sea so that any risk of leakage into the sea is reduced.
It is also an objective with the invention to provide a system with a further treatment of the marine organism together with a collection of the remainder of the treatment mixture.
It is a further objective of the invention to provide a method and system for efficient removal of parasites or diseases on a marine organism that is easily integrated on a fish carrier arranged to collect fish from a net cage.
The method and system are particularly advantage for removing diseases or ectoparasite from salmon. However, the use of a liquid treatment mixture with density less than water has from our studies also proved to be advantageous with respect to the surrounding environment and the health of the marine organism and the method could also be effective in removing of parasites from other marine organisms l.
Summary of invention
The invention relates to a method for removing a parasite, such as ectoparasite on a marine organism, using a system comprising a treatment chamber, said treatment chamber comprising a treatment portion and a water portion containing water or seawater, said treatment portion comprising a liquid treatment mixture having a density less than water or seawater in the water portion such that the treatment portion is situated above the water portion in the treatment chamber at least in a path for the marine organism. The invention being distinctive in that the method comprising the sequential steps of:
a) Separating water/seawater from the marine organism,
b) Dropping the marine organism into the treatment mixture from an elevation above the treatment portion,
c) guiding the marine organism through the treatment portion for treating of parasite attached to the organism and further into the water portion.
Preferably, the method further comprising the steps of guiding the untreated marine organism from a first reservoir for untreated marine organism to the treatment chamber, and from the treatment chamber to a second reservoir for treated marine organism or back to the first reservoir.
Preferably, the method comprising the step of
- repeating the steps a), b) and c) from claim 1 in a collection unit.
Preferably, the method comprising the step of recirculating removed liquid treatment mixture from the collection unit for reuse in the treatment chamber.
The invention further relates to a system for removing parasites on a marine organism comprising a treatment chamber and a separator for removing water or seawater from the marine organism. The system being distinctive in that said treatment chamber comprising a treatment portion and a water portion containing water or seawater, said treatment portion comprising a liquid treatment mixture having a density less than water or seawater in the water portion such that said treatment portion is situated above the water portion in the treatment chamber at least in a path for the marine organism, the treatment chamber further comprises an inlet being arranged such that the marine organism are dropped into the treatment mixture from an elevation above the treatment portion.
Preferably, the separator is a separation portion integrated in the treatment chamber, said separation portion is in connection with the inlet, and being further arranged such that the marine organism is adapted to be dropped into the treatment mixture from an elevation above the treatment portion.
Preferably, the system further comprises a collection unit, said collection unit comprises a treatment volume containing the treatment mixture having a density less than the water, and a washing volume, containing water or seawater<, >said collection unit is in fluid connection with the treatment chamber.
The liquid treatment mixture is a mixture is a liquid with density less than water such as a mixture of oil and an oil-soluble medication or chemical, for application of the mixture on the marine organism in order to kill or harm the parasites.
Preferably, the system further comprising an oil droplets collection hood at a free end of the collection unit, said oil droplets hood is downwardly facing and adapted to collect any remaining treatment mixture.
Preferably, the collection unit or a stand-alone treatment chamber is adapted to be lowered at least partly into a reservoir containing the treated marine organism, said water or seawater in the water portion is water from the reservoir.
The system further comprises a pump return system in fluid connection with treatment volume for reusing the liquid treatment mixture from the collection unit or regulate the amount of treatment mixture in the treatment volume.
The system comprises also a flow regulator in fluid connection with the water portion for regulating the amount of water in the water portion.
The system further comprises a conduit attached to the inlet for guiding the marine organism from a first reservoir to the treatment chamber.
The invention also describes a use of the system as a treatment system for removal of an ectoparasite from a fish on a fish carrier vessel or other fish handling vessel, such as removal of lice from salmon.
The marine organism may be exposed to the treatment portion between 1-30 seconds, 3 sec being a further example.
Brief description of drawings
The foregoing features of the invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, taken with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 shows a system for removing parasites on marine organisms according to the invention.
Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the system, where a treatment chamber similar to the collection unit arranged as a standalone unit.
Figure 3 shows a variant of the second embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
In general, it will be understood that the wording “parasites”, “marine organism”, “treatment mixture” should be interpreted in the broadest sense.
The system and method are however particularly advantageous for removing diseases or ectoparasites on salmon.
Parasites could for instance be an ectoparasite, such as lice attachable to a salmon or other fishes, amoeba or other parasites that may cause damage for a marine organism.
Marine organisms could for instance be fish, such as salmon, shellfish, crustaceans or other marine organism suitable for use in the system may also be possible.
The treatment mixture is hereinafter described as a mixture of chemicals with biocidal properties and a liquid with density less than water. The liquid may for instance be an oil.
The figure 1 discloses an embodiment of a system for removing parasites on marine organism according to the invention. For simplicity the marine organism is hereinafter called fish. This is further illustrated with reference number 30 and the parasite is hereinafter called lice (not shown).
The system 1 comprises a treatment chamber 22. The treatment chamber 22 comprises an inlet 2a where the fish to be treated is guided into the treatment chamber 22. The treatment chamber 22 further comprises a treatment portion 6, a water portion 7 and a separation portion. The separation portion may be a separation portion arranged prior to the inlet or a separation portion 3 arranged in connection with the inlet 2a of the system 1 as shown in the figure 1. The separation portion 3 comprises gratings or grooves 3a where the fish 30 is separated from the water/seawater before entering the treatment portion 6. The separation portion 3, when present, is arranged above the water portion 7 so that the water/seawater falls into the water portion 7 when separated from the fish 30.
The water portion 7 is a liquid portion of the treatment chamber 22 constituting seawater/water. It may also comprise water/seawater that has been removed from the fish 30 in the separation portion 3. The water portion 7 is arranged in the bottom part of the treatment chamber 22 as indicated on the figure.
The treatment portion 6 of the treatment chamber 22 is defined as a liquid portion of the treatment chamber 22 constituting a treatment mixture. The treatment mixture comprises a mixture of a liquid with density less than water and a medical or chemical component. The liquid is preferably an oil. The treatment mixture has a density that is less than the density of the liquid in the water portion 7 such that the treatment portion 6 is floating above the water portion 7 in the treatment chamber 22. The treatment portion 6 thus is arranged as a layer above the water portion 7. The treatment portion 6 and the water portion 7 could be arranged in different ways in the treatment chamber 22. In an embodiment as shown in the figure there is arranged a spacer 23 extending from the free end of the separation portion to a distance downwards into the treatment chamber 22. The spacer 23 is preferably sloping from the separation portion 3 or the inlet 2a such that the treatment portion 6 has a conical shape as disclosed in the figure. The spacer may be fixed in one position. However, it may also be adjustable in order to vary the shape and size of the treatment portion 6. A net or similar may be arranged from the lower end of the spacer 23 to the bottom of the treatment chamber 22 to assist in guiding fish towards the flow regulator 8. The invention is not limited to the spacer 23 or the design of the spacer 23. Other arrangement of the treatment portion 6 is possible as long as the fish 30 is guided directly into the treatment portion 6 from the inlet 2a or from the separation portion 3 when present.
The treatment mixture may be supplied into the treatment portion 6 through a pipe 5 and one or more nozzle(s) 4. The treatment portion 6 may be recycled treatment mixture that is fed from a pump return system 14, 15. It may also be fresh treatment mixture that is supplied to the treatment portion 6. Both alternatives could be supplied through the pipe 5 and at least one nozzle 4. The outlet 8a of the treatment chamber 22 is preferable arranged in the lower portion of the treatment chamber 22. The outlet 8a must be arranged in fluid connection with the water portion 7. The outlet is connected to a flow regulator 8 having a valve or other devices adapted for increasing or decreasing the supply of water out of the treatment chamber 22. The valve may also be closed completely to prevent any water flowing from the treatment chamber 22.
The purpose of the flow regulator 8 is to choke or increase the flow of water such that the water volume of the water portion 7 in the treatment chamber 22 is controlled. The figure shows a preferred embodiment where the water portion 7 has a shape such that the height of the water increases the hydrostatic pressure and thus also the amount of water out of the flow regulator
The flow regulator 8 is further connected to a hose, pipe or conduit 9, which is connected to a collection unit 24 in the opposite end. The collection unit 24 comprises a treatment volume 10 filled with treatment mixture, the collection unit 24 further comprises a washing volume 11 for flushing and further removal of the treatment mixture from the fish 30. At the bottom of the collection unit 24, there is arranged an oil droplets collection hood 12 where remains of treatment mixture floating up from the treated fish may be collected.. The collection unit 24 has also a further advantage that fish are being exposed to the treatment mixture a second time in the treatment volume 10.
Lice may also be present in the water portion 7 due to introduction of water/seawater removed from the separation portion 3 or in lice in general that have been separated from the fish and not been treated in the treatment portion 6 of the treatment chamber 22. These lice will also be exposed to the treated mixture in the collection unit 24.
The treatment mixture from the collection unit 24 may be recycled through a line 14 to a collector 15 for the treatment mixture. The collector 15 is a settling tank and is in fluid connection with the pipe 5 and at least one nozzle for reusing the treatment mixture. The line 14 and collector 15 together with a pump (not shown) are defined as the pump return system 14, 15 as mentioned above. The line 14 is connected to the collection unit 24 in the area of the treatment volume 10 as shown in the figure.
The system 1 may also comprise a onloading hose, conduit 2 or other fish transporting device that is adapted to guide the fish from a net cage 20 or other reservoirs 20 where the fish 30 can be stored prior to the treatment. The fish may also have the same return point for the treated fish as the starting point for the untreated fish.
In addition, there may be a second net cage 13 or reservoir where the fish can be stored after treatment. The second net cage 13 is fluidly connected to the collection unit 24. The second net cage 13 may also be a temporary net cage, or a reservoir on a fish carrier.
In a further embodiment of the invention the first reservoir and the second reservoir may be the same, i.e. the treated fish may be led into the same reservoir as the untreated fish are removed from prior to the treatment. This common reservoir may be for instance a fish cage or an enclosure on a fish carrier.
Figures 2 and 3 shows a second embodiment of the system according to the invention. This system is similar to the collection unit. However, it is arranged as a standalone unit 24’, which may be arranged directly into the reservoir (13) containing the fish 30. This system thus provides a simple treatment chamber which also collects the treatment mixture efficiently and prevent this from leaking into the reservoir (13) and further to the environment.
The figure 2 shows a system having a treatment chamber 24’. The treatment chamber is arranged in a similar way as the collection unit 24 with a treatment mixture contained in a treatment portion 10’. The treatment chamber 24’ further comprises a water portion 11’ containing the water or sea water.
The treatment mixture has a density less than the density of the water/seawater so that the treatment mixture is floating on the water/seawater. The treatment chamber 24’ has shape as a pipeline containing the treatment portion 10’ and water portion 11’ as different layers in the treatment chamber 24’. The treatment chamber 24’ further comprises an oil droplets collection hood 12’ that is downwardly facing to collect the treatment mixture that is removed from the fish after the treatment portion 10’.
The treatment chamber 24’ is lowered partly into the water/seawater so that the water in the water portion is the same as the surrounding water. The treatment mixture that is gathered in the oil droplets collection hood 12’ will move towards the treatment portion 10’ due to the lower density.
Figures 2 and 3 shows different configurations where the water is separated from the fish. In figure 2 there is arranged a separation portion 3’ in connection with a vessel 21 where the water is collected, while figure 3 shows the separator 3’ arranged above the reservoir 13 such that the removed water is received in the reservoir 13
The collection unit 24 and the treatment chamber or stand-alone unit 24’ thus have very similar design, However a main difference is that in the system with the standalone unit 24’, there is a separator 3’ in front of the stand alone unit 24’ to remove water from the system prior to the treatment.
In the collection unit 24, also called second treatment chamber it is important that there is not separation of water from the fish, since the purpose now is to treat both fish and water in a second system so that remaining treatment mixture is collected both from the water and the fish that flows through the conduit 9.
The treatment method of figure 1 will now be described further:
The fish 30 is transported from the net cage 20 together with seawater to the treatment chamber 22 through the onloading hose 2 by one or several pumps (not shown). The fish 30 is further separated from the seawater when entering the separation portion 3, which results in that the fish 30 is arranged in open air. From the separation portion 3, the fish 30 is dropped into the treatment portion 6 where the treatment mixture in the portion 6 results in that the lice that are arranged on the fish 30, becomes topological exposed to the biocidal properties of the treatment mixture, i.e. die. The fish 30 is kept in this treatment portion 6 as long as necessary for obtaining a therapeutic effect, i.e. as long as it takes to remove or kill the lice attached to the fish. The necessary therapeutic exposure period is dependent on the chemicals with biocidal properties that are used in the mixture. The treatment period for a specific treatment mixture may be adjusted by the amount of treatment mixture in the treatment chamber 22. The depth of the treatment portion 6 defines the treatment period. The depth of the treatment portion 6 may be defined by other methods as well, for instance by adjusting the water amount of the water portion or by adjusting the sloping angle of the spacer 23. The fish 30 has a higher density than the treatment mixture and will then sink further down into the water portion 7. Due to the hydrostatic pressure, the fish 30 is led out of the treatment chamber 22 through the outlet 8a. The fish 30 is further led through the flow regulator 8. The fish is passing through the flow regulator 8 and further through a pipe or conduit 9 to the collection unit 24 by hydrostatic pressure or by use of one or more pumps. In the collection unit 24 remaining treatment mixture is removed. In the treatment volume 10, the fish is guided through remainders of the treatment mixture removed from previous fish that have passed the collection unit 24. The treatment mixture is floating in the upper part of the collection unit 24 as the density is less that the density of the liquid in the washing volume 11, the oil droplets collection hood 12 and the second reservoir 13. From the treatment volume 10 the fish is flushed in the washing volume 11 and then guided underneath the oil droplets collection hood 12 and further into the second reservoir 13 containing treated fish or into the same reservoir 20 containing untreated fish separated from the treated fish by a net or similar. The treatment mixture that has been removed from the fish 30 in the washing volume 11 and underneath the oil droplets collection hood 12 accumulates in the volume 10 and may be reused in the system 1 through the pump return system 14, 15.
The collection unit 24 may also be arranged as a separate system 24’ that may be arranged directly into the reservoir for treatment of fish or marine organisms. The separation portion 3 as described in relation to the treatment chamber 22 is then instead arranged in the treatment chamber 24’ (fig.3) or the required separation of water from fish may take place in a separation portion on the vessel 21 ahead of the treatment chamber 24’ (fig.2).
The system 1 may be arranged on a vessel 21, for instance a delousing vessel with or without additional mechanical delousing treatment. Examples of a mechanical delousing treatment may be brushes, flushing, fresh or tempered water/seawater to remove the parasites from the marine organisms. The system 1 may also be arranged on a fish carrier vessel. A further possible arrangement is at a slaughter pen.
Example/Experiment
There has been performed tests at a research station for aquaculture to verify that the system and method with the treatment mixture with density less than water is effective to reduce the number of lice. The experiment was performed with a treatment mixture of oil and the active ingredient pyrethrum. Each fish was guided into and exposed to the treatment portion 6 for 3 seconds before entering the water portion 7. Gill samples were analyzed afterwards and showed only minor changes according to Pharmaq Analytic’s score. The conclusion from the tests shows that the treatment mixture used could have a satisfying effect with only 3 seconds of exposure to the treatment mixture.
Further, experiments on the behavior of the fish have been analyzed and result in that the fish that are totally surrounded by the oil emulsion will actively swim out of and down away from the oil emulsion.
Tests have also shown that the treatment mixture is steady in the treatment chamber given prevailing conditions of the design of the system. Prototype tests have been conducted to verify crucial key components to the system such as the dimensions required for the water portion 7 and the flow regulator 8 to ensure self-regulating water levels due to hydrostatic pressure. Thorough computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis have been conducted to identify optimal geometry for the water portion 7, flow regulator 8 and treatment portion 6 on basis of the prototype tests conducted.
The system 1 can be designed such that the fish is exposed to the treatment mixture for any amount of time between 0,1 sec and 30 sec. The invention is not limited to this amount of time, however this constitutes an optimal range to avoid stressing of the fish.
The system 1 is further configured so that there are no restrictions to the size of the fish. The system may easily handle fish in all sizes, such as a non-limiting example from 500g – 10 kg.
Further, the system does not require any collecting of lice after treatment as the treatment mixture containing the chemical or medicals are configured to be in an amount so that lice are killed without harming the fish. This reduces the need for a filtering unit and a collector for any removed lice in the system 1 which is a large problem for mechanical delousing systems currently in use. Instead the dead lice may fall off after the fish has entered the reservoir where the fish are to be stored after treatment or flow with the fish to this reservoir.
The system is further configured such that the capacity of the treatment is only limited by the transport technology that may be utilized to transport the fish from the reservoir containing the untreated fish to the treatment chamber 22. In the embodiment shown this is restricted to the pump capacity to transport the fish 30 through the conduit 2.
The system is thus not limited by a treatment capacity of any filtering or the treatment mixture and water/seawater in the treatment chamber 22.
The present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment and aspect thereof, and related to the accompanying drawing for the sake of understanding only and it should be obvious to persons skilled in the art that the present invention includes all legitimate modifications within the ambit of what has been described hereinbefore and claimed in the attached claims.
Claims (10)
1. Method for removing a parasite, such as ectoparasite on a marine organism, using a system comprising a treatment chamber (22, 24’), said treatment chamber (22, 24’) comprising a treatment portion (6, 10’) and a water portion (7, 11’) containing water or seawater, said treatment portion (6, 10’) comprising a liquid treatment mixture having a density less than the water or seawater in the water portion (7, 11’) such that the treatment portion (6, 10’) is situated above the water portion (7, 11’) in the treatment chamber (22, 24’), wherein the method comprising the sequential steps of
a) separating water/seawater from the marine organism (30),
b) dropping the marine organism into the treatment mixture from an elevation above the treatment portion (6, 10’)
c) guiding the marine organism (30) through the treatment portion (6, 10’) for treating of parasite attached to the organism and further into the water portion (7, 11’).
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprising the steps of guiding the untreated marine organism from a first reservoir (20) for untreated marine organism (30) to the treatment chamber (22, 24’), and from the treatment chamber (22, 24’) to a second reservoir (13) for treated marine organism (30) or back to the first reservoir (20).
3. The method according to any one of the claims 1-2, wherein the method comprising
the step of
- repeating the steps a), b) and c) from claim 1 in a collection unit (24).
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprising the step of
-recirculating removed liquid treatment mixture from the collection unit (24) for reuse in the treatment chamber (22).
5. A system for removing parasite on a marine organism (30) comprising a treatment chamber (22, 24’) and a separator for removing water or seawater from the marine organism (30), characterised in that said treatment chamber (22, 24’) comprises a treatment portion (6, 10’) and a water portion (7, 11’) containing water or seawater, said treatment portion (6, 10’) comprising a liquid treatment mixture having a density less than water or seawater in the water portion (7, 11’), such that said treatment portion (6, 10’) is situated above the water portion (7, 11’) in the treatment chamber (22, 24’) at least in a path for the marine organism (30), the treatment chamber (22, 24’) further comprises an inlet (2a, 9a’) being arranged such that the marine organism is adapted to be dropped into the treatment mixture from an elevation above the treatment portion (6, 10’).
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the separator is a separation portion (3, 3’) integrated in the treatment chamber (22, 24’), said separation portion (3, 3’) is in connection with the inlet (2a, 9a’), and being further arranged such that the marine organism (30) is adapted to be dropped into the treatment mixture from an elevation above the treatment portion (6, 10’).
7. The system according to claim 6 wherein the system further comprises a collection unit (24), said collection unit (24) comprises a treatment volume (10) containing the treatment mixture having a density less than the water, and a washing volume (11), containing water or seawater<, >said collection unit (24) is in fluid connection with the treatment chamber (22).
8. The system according to any of the claims 5-9, wherein the liquid treatment mixture is a mixture of oil and an oil-soluble medication or chemical, such as pyrethrum.
9. The system according to any of the claims 5-8 wherein the system further comprises an oil droplets collection hood (12, 12’) arranged at a free end of the treatment chamber or collection unit (24’, 24), said oil droplets collection hood (12, 12’) is adapted to collect any remaining treatment mixture for reuse in the treatment chamber or collection unit (24’, 24).
10. A system according to any one of the claims 5 -9, wherein the treatment chamber or collection unit (24’, 24) is adapted to be lowered at least partly into a reservoir (20, 13) containing the marine organism (30), said water or seawater in the water portion (11,11’) is water from the reservoir (20, 13).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20191228A NO346737B1 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2019-10-15 | Method and system for removing parasites on marine organisms |
| PCT/EP2020/079044 WO2021074296A1 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2020-10-15 | Method and system for removing parasites on marine organisms |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20191228A NO346737B1 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2019-10-15 | Method and system for removing parasites on marine organisms |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20191228A1 true NO20191228A1 (en) | 2021-04-16 |
| NO346737B1 NO346737B1 (en) | 2022-12-12 |
Family
ID=72944132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20191228A NO346737B1 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2019-10-15 | Method and system for removing parasites on marine organisms |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO346737B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021074296A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO346441B1 (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-22 | Mmc First Process As | An arrangement to ensure replacement of contaminated water or compensate for loss of water during a transport of fish through a conduit |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO347599B1 (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-01-22 | Hofseth Int As | Multipurpose or multiuse vessel |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996041536A1 (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1996-12-27 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre A/S | Agent for combating parasites in farmed fish |
| WO2012148283A1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-11-01 | Ocea As | System for treatment of lice, and corresponding method for treatment of lice |
| EP3141111A2 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-15 | SP/F Frama | System and method for removing exterior parasites from fish and fish feeding system and method |
| NO20171350A1 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2019-01-14 | Kristian Lillerud | A fish treatment facility exit water return unit |
| NO343872B1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-24 | Fluctus As | Apparatus for removing an external parasite from fish |
| NO20172057A1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Salmoserve As | System and procedure |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO334487B1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-03-17 | Kystvaagen Slip & Mek As | Device for deburring fish in a buoyancy cage |
| NO336807B1 (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-11-02 | Reidar Aksnes | Apparatus and method of fish farming |
| NO341934B1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2018-02-26 | Senta Sea As | Device for processing farmed fish |
-
2019
- 2019-10-15 NO NO20191228A patent/NO346737B1/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-10-15 WO PCT/EP2020/079044 patent/WO2021074296A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996041536A1 (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1996-12-27 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre A/S | Agent for combating parasites in farmed fish |
| WO2012148283A1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-11-01 | Ocea As | System for treatment of lice, and corresponding method for treatment of lice |
| EP3141111A2 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-15 | SP/F Frama | System and method for removing exterior parasites from fish and fish feeding system and method |
| NO20171350A1 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2019-01-14 | Kristian Lillerud | A fish treatment facility exit water return unit |
| NO343872B1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-24 | Fluctus As | Apparatus for removing an external parasite from fish |
| NO20172057A1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Salmoserve As | System and procedure |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO346441B1 (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-22 | Mmc First Process As | An arrangement to ensure replacement of contaminated water or compensate for loss of water during a transport of fish through a conduit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO346737B1 (en) | 2022-12-12 |
| WO2021074296A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3114926B1 (en) | Device and method for removing parasites on fish | |
| JP2019535274A (en) | A device for removing fish parasites, by applying current directly to the fish and removing the parasites without damaging the fish body | |
| WO2021074296A1 (en) | Method and system for removing parasites on marine organisms | |
| DK177873B1 (en) | System and method for removing parasites on fish | |
| Wright et al. | ‘Snorkel’lice barrier technology reduced two co-occurring parasites, the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and the amoebic gill disease causing agent (Neoparamoeba perurans), in commercial salmon sea-cages | |
| WO2015143549A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for removal of sea lice from live fish | |
| DK178985B1 (en) | System and method for removing exterior parasites from fish and fish feeding system and method | |
| WO2014204319A1 (en) | Apparatus and method at a fish cage | |
| AU2016321433A1 (en) | Ultrasonic eradication of sea lice on farmed fish | |
| NO20181621A1 (en) | Methods, systems and apparatus for control of parasite infestation in aquatic animals | |
| US20190320624A1 (en) | Method and device for combating salmon lice and other ectoparasites in fish | |
| US20180184624A1 (en) | Sea lice double fish pump | |
| DK202470010A1 (en) | Efficient land-based fish farm | |
| EP3849301A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for aquatic ectoparasite reduction | |
| JP4939130B2 (en) | Parasite control method and fish body tolerance test method | |
| CN111436389B (en) | Method and device for directionally controlling aquatic animal population number and spreading and diffusing thereof | |
| CN111466366B (en) | Method and apparatus for directionally preventing aquatic animal propagation | |
| JP4232151B2 (en) | Breeding water purification device, breeding water tank using the same, and purification method of breeding water | |
| JP2002223661A (en) | Rearing equipment for fish-and-shellfish | |
| EP3346850B1 (en) | Ultrasonic eradication of sea lice on farmed fish | |
| WO2020013707A1 (en) | Device and method for retaining fish in a fish cage compartment | |
| JP2002272311A (en) | Method for feeding liquid feed for fish and shellfish | |
| Kline et al. | Effects of praziquantel on eggs of the Asian tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi | |
| Crane et al. | Behavioural responses to alarm cues by free-ranging rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) | |
| Porterfield | Spawning behavior of snubnose darters (Percidae) in natural and laboratory environments |