NO20171375A1 - Method and modelling tool for scaffolding design - Google Patents

Method and modelling tool for scaffolding design Download PDF

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Publication number
NO20171375A1
NO20171375A1 NO20171375A NO20171375A NO20171375A1 NO 20171375 A1 NO20171375 A1 NO 20171375A1 NO 20171375 A NO20171375 A NO 20171375A NO 20171375 A NO20171375 A NO 20171375A NO 20171375 A1 NO20171375 A1 NO 20171375A1
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Norway
Prior art keywords
scaffolding
library
objects
cells
models
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NO20171375A
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NO345434B1 (en
Inventor
Kjetil Stöckel-Kvamme
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Beerenberg Corp As
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Priority to NO20171375A priority Critical patent/NO345434B1/en
Publication of NO20171375A1 publication Critical patent/NO20171375A1/en
Publication of NO345434B1 publication Critical patent/NO345434B1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/08Construction

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for designing scaffolding, producing assembly instructions for scaffolding, adaptive scaffolding design and providing at least one parts list for scaffoldings at least comprising the steps of: a) at a supplier receiving an order for a scaffolding commission (100) from a client; b) at the supplier providing a first design proposal using a modelling software for a scaffolding in accordance with order and verification for the scaffolding (200); c) at the supplier producing documents associated with the first design proposal (300); d) at the client approve or disapprove a received first design proposal (400); e) constructing a scaffolding according to design and supporting documentation prepared by the supplier (500); and f) providing feedback data to the supplier for adaptation of the modelling software (600).

Description

Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to an automated scaffolding design method, and a method for designing scaffolding, producing assembly instructions for scaffolding, adaptive scaffolding design and providing at least one parts list for scaffoldings and a modelling tool for designing scaffolding.
Background Art
[0002] Today scaffolding solutions are predominantly designed based on a combination of experience and size of objects that shall be reached by the scaffolding. This can lead to an over-estimation of needed parts, which again can lead to an unnecessary increase of the warehouse inventory.
[0003] It shall be noted that it is not trivial to provide precise information regarding spatial oriented objects; it can among others be difficult to define unique reference points.
[0004] It is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks indicated above with respect to design of scaffolding solutions.
Disclosure of Invention
[0005] It is one object of automate and make scaffolding design more efficient, taking into account real environment challenges.
[0006] It is an object to overcome the drawbacks indicated above by providing a 3D modelling software that can support engineers in design phase with suggesting standard solutions for scaffolding, and optionally produce a complete scaffolding solution with clash avoidance and mitigation functionalities.
[0007] It is also an object to improve HSEQ results and to reduce costs related to service deliveries through digitalization, standardization and automation of the design process of scaffolding structures.
[0008] According to the present invention it is provided a model adaptation system for design of scaffolds, where the model adaptation tool comprises:
a. a 3D scanning device for scanning of objects and a defined portion of environment surrounding said objects,
b. means for scaling scanned objects into real size 3D representations; c. model library with models of scaffolding elements,
d. modelling software where 3D real size software models from the scaling software is imported together with scaffold elements from the model library, for a best match comparison between library models and 3D real size software models.
[0009] The intention of the scaling step above is to provide for a match between models in a library with representation of real world objects with real world dimensions. The means can be integrated in a scanner, it is also possible to determine real dimension with means for making mark references on scanned objects or means for virtual marking of objects or means for dimensional scaling embedded in the 3D scanning device or its associated software. Means for distance measuring of distances between reference marks on scanned objects can be used to assist in the scaling step if mark references are used.
[0010] According to the present invention it is also provided an automated scaffolding design method at least comprising the steps of:
a) provide images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by a scaffolding,
b) import to a computer images with real dimensional parameters of objects into a modelling software on the computer;
c) input scaffolding specification to the computer;
d) import to the computer a library with library models of scaffolding cells or open a library with library models of scaffolding cells from the computer;
e) compare parameters of the library models of scaffolding cells associated with the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding,
f) choose library models of scaffolding cells at least based on:
i. a best fit match between the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding associated with the library models of scaffolding cells, ii. scaffolding specification, and
iii. in-built set of rules for allowable combinations of library models of scaffolding cells;
g) generate scaffolding solution based on chosen library models of scaffolding cells;
h) perform a usefulness test for the chosen library models of scaffolding cells.
[0011] It is also disclosed an embodiment of the method where cells must contain metadata of all components included in the library models of scaffolding cells.
[0012] According to one embodiment, a further step comprises to perform a full or partial 3D scan of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding. The partial 3D scans can be completed on the computer using a symmetrisation algorithm for geometric objects.
[0013] According to one embodiment, the usefulness test at least comprises to perform a clash test, where the selections of library model components are adapted to include any clashes from the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding. The usefulness test may further include performing a component accessibility test, where the library model components are adapted to include specified requirements at least such as: access openings for components, access openings for servicing, target access area, dimension requirements, working height, and scaffold entry location.
[0014] According to yet an embodiment the method further includes to define at least two reference markers on at least one of the provided images and mapping dimensional data associated with the at least two reference markers before continuing with step a).
[0015] According to yet an embodiment it is provided a representation of distance measurement from scanner to scanned objects, for scaling of at least one of the provided images before continuing with step a). The scaling can be carried out using a 3D-scaling program. Moreover, an operator of the scaling program can make virtual marks on at least one of the provided images for mapping of these marks with the distance.
[0016] According to another aspect of the invention it is disclosed a method for designing scaffolding, producing assembly instructions for scaffolding, adaptive scaffolding design and providing at least one parts list for scaffoldings at least comprising the steps of:
a) at a supplier receiving an order for a scaffolding commission from a client;
b) at the supplier providing a first design proposal using a modelling software for a scaffolding in accordance with order and verification for the scaffolding;
c) at the supplier producing documents associated with the first design proposal;
d) at the client approve or disapprove a received first design proposal; e) constructing a scaffolding according to design and supporting documentation prepared by the supplier; and
f) providing feedback data to the supplier for adaptation of the modelling software.
[0017] Step a may further comprise the sub-steps of at the supplier to verify receipt of sufficient information for carrying out the commission.
[0018] Step b may further comprise to provide images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding, and to:
i. import to a computer images with real dimensional parameters of objects into a modelling software on the computer;
ii. input scaffolding specification to the computer;
iii. import to the computer a library with library models of scaffolding cells or open a library with library models of scaffolding cells from the computer;
iv. associate library models of scaffolding cells with the imported images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding;
v. compare parameters of the library models of scaffolding cells associated with the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding,
vi. choose library models of scaffolding cells at least based on a best fit match between the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding associated with the library models of scaffolding cells, and scaffolding specification, and in-built set of rules for allowable combinations of library models of scaffolding cells; vii. generate scaffolding solution based on chosen library models of scaffolding cells;
viii. perform a usefulness test for the chosen library models of scaffolding cells.
[0019] According to one embodiment step c may further comprise to generate cost time and resource estimates and to generate assembly instructions.
[0020] According to another embodiment step d may further comprises to provide scaffolding design draft to the client and at the client to approve the design or disapprove the design and if the scaffolding design draft is disapproved to provide corrections to supplier for redrafting the scaffolding design draft at the supplier.
[0021] According to yet another embodiment step f may further comprise to:
* at the client to obtain construction feedback data from a scaffolding builder,
* to forward the construction feedback data to the supplier, and
* at the supplier to import the construction feedback data to the modelling software for a scaffolding.
[0022] Other advantageous features will be apparent from the accompanying claims.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0023] Following is a brief description of the drawings in order to make the invention more readily understandable, the discussion that follows will refer to the accompanying drawings, in which
[0024] Fig. 1 shows a separate design steps for a method for designing a scaffolding; and
[0025] Fig 2 shows a flow chart of a method according to one embodiment of the present invention,
Detailed description of the Invention
[0026] In the following it is firstly disclosed general embodiments in accordance to the present invention, thereafter, particular exemplary embodiments will be described. Where possible reference will be made to the accompanying drawings and where possible using reference numerals in the drawings. It shall be noted however that the drawings are exemplary embodiments only and other features and embodiments may well be within the scope of the invention as described.
[0027] In the following description it will be adhered to the definitions below:
[0028] By “specified classification requirements”, it is meant specified requirement to meet specific classes according to standards.
[0029] A typical scenario for design of scaffolds can be as follows. The specification received as parts of a purchase order is converted to one or more detailed lists connecting each purchased item to technical specifications such as ISO-drawings/classes etc.
[0030] The scanned object creates a 3D representation; this 3D-representation is transferred to the provider of scaffolding design together with the representation of the distance measurement, the latter to be used for scaling of the 3D-image/representation. Scaling can also be carried out in a scanner that includes means for scaling and dimensional measurements, in such cases there is no need to transfer any representation of distance measurement.
[0031] In cases where scaling is not automated and a part of the scanner 3D-images are imported into a 3D-scaling program. The distance measurement is used for scaling of the 3D-image. The operator of the scaling program can for example make virtual marks on the 3D-image and then map these marks with the distance (dimension reference) shown in the picture. The outcome of adding dimension into the 3D-scanned image is that a dimension specific image is created, this is necessary for production of production data and for modification.
[0032] The scaled scanned image is saved and imported by a modelling software.
The modelling software can import one image/file at a time or it can import batches of files/images. The modelling software has the capability to import not only images from the scaling software but also models from a model library.
[0033] The person who runs the modelling software and is supposed to modify the models now has a number of scanned images which is to scale, i.e. all dimensions are known and optionally all clashes etc. are indicated, furthermore he has access to a library with several scaffolding elements. Based on the scanned images the designer shall, based on a best match philosophy, select scaffolding elements from the library to produce a scaffold design which best fits a particular scanned image and purpose.
Example of a method for designing scaffolding according to the present invention [0034] The present invention provides for an automated scaffolding design method. An example of the method is illustrated in the flow chart in figure 2. The method and its associated design tool can also produce assembly instructions for scaffolding. The assembly instructions can include a list of scaffolding parts and/or scaffolding cells. The construction of a scaffolding can include six basic steps, where the sixth step is a feedback step for machine learning, i.e. adaptation of modelling software.
1. At a supplier/contractor receiving an order for a scaffolding commission (100) from a client. The contractor/supplier has modeling software in accordance with the present invention at his disposal for an automated scaffolding design.
2. The supplier provides a first design proposal using the modelling software for a scaffolding in accordance with order received from the client (200).
3. The supplier produces documents associated with the first design proposal (300).
4. The client approves or disapproves a received first design proposal (400).
5. Scaffolders construct a scaffolding according to design and supporting documentation prepared by the supplier (500).
6. Scaffolders and/or client provides feedback data to the supplier for adaptation of the modelling software (600).
[0035] Each of the basic steps 1 – 6 above includes a number of sub-steps. The “receive order at supplier” step 1 above at least includes verifying receipt of sufficient information for carrying out the commission. The information includes the scaffolding purpose; the purpose of the scaffolding is relevant with respect to the standards to apply and also to the design layout as such. The location of the scaffold is also relevant, with respect to logistics, and to standard claims. Different standards apply to onshore and offshore scaffolds. It is crucial when designing a scaffolding to have information regarding access location and required dimensions for the scaffold.
Scaffolds can be used for maintenance; it can be used as a means for access with parts to installation or it may be used for dismantling of equipment. Different use requires different strength to a scaffold.
Moreover, the scaffolding must have apertures, which is sufficient to introduce necessary equipment or parts. Typically, a scaffolding is used under construction work and construction parts must be lifted up and into the scaffold and from the scaffold and into the work area for construction. The weight requirement of the scaffolding is influenced by the use of the scaffold and by the location on which the scaffolding is to be mounted. The scaffolding can be onshore, offshore, it can be in hazardous locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist due to flammable gases, flammable liquid–produced vapours, combustible liquid–produced vapours, combustible dusts, or ignitable fibres/flying’s present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. The left column in figure 1 indicates supplementary information required under step one of the six basic steps above.
[0036] Step 2 above comprises several sub-steps. A first decision to be taken by a user is whether automated design of a scaffolding shall be used or if the user shall manually define scaffold design style and dimensions. If a manual process is used then the next step will be to generate a scaffolding solution 207 based on the manual process 203.
[0037] A prerequisite in an automated design process is to ensure that real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by a scaffolding is present. The dimensional parameters can be obtained in different
manners. 3D models of the work area may be available and the modelling software may then find or associate relevant 3D models in the library of cells and parts for scaffoldings with 3D models of the work area. In the event that a 3D model of the working area is not available, the working area is scanned using one or more scanners. The scanners can be 3D scanners or it can be 2D scanners with software adaptation for adaptation to 3D. The 3D models of the working area is loaded into the modelling software together with user requirement.
[0038] With a mapping between 3D models of objects to be reached by the scaffolding and library models available and additionally necessary specifications (ref. step 1) available, it is possible for the modelling software to generate a scaffolding solution 207.
[0039] The generated scaffolding is verified in a subsequent sub step 208. The verification can include a semi manual or manual clash avoidance test. In addition, the feasibility of the scaffolding design as such must be verified 208.
[0040] Step 3 above is a documentation step 300, where the modelling software automatically generates cost, time and resource estimates 301 and generates assembly instructions. The assembly instructions may include stepwise assembly where each step is supported with a parts list associated with the relevant step. Thus, the modelling software both generate complete parts lists and parts list for assembly steps. The parts list may include cost information related to parts cost as well as related to man-hour resources necessary to assemble sub-steps as well as to complete a full scaffolding design.
[0041] Step 4 above 400 is a step where all actions takes place at the client. A design draft is sent 401 electronically to the client. The client may approve or disapprove the design draft. If the scaffolding design draft is disapproved, the client may send his reasons for disapproval back to the supplier of the design. The reasoning may be substantiated as feedback corrections that can be used for a redesign of a scaffolding design draft.
[0042] Step 5 above is the constructional step 500, which includes construction of a scaffolding by scaffolders. The scaffolders receives design and
supporting documentation for construction 501 for building of the designed scaffold solution 502.
[0043] The last step 6 can be a post step or it can be an ongoing feedback corrections process to facilitate a continuous software modelling adaptation. Scaffolders may give their feedback 601 regarding their experience with the construction of a scaffolding, including issues that can be corrected or be improved. The feedback is input to modelling software 602. Inherent in the modelling software is adaptation functionality, which can lead to improvement of design algorithms based on received feedback.
Software performance specifications
[0044] Program must be able to handle 3D site models scaffolding model with significant file sizes.
[0045] Program shall have minimum impact and requirements to the client’s existing IT systems/hardware in regards (but not limited) to: RAM, CPU, memory availability on hard disk, display, screen resolution, graphics card, net connection or capacity, OS, plug-ins (excluded plug-ins to existing 3D modelling/CAD program), security systems, terminal services and so on.
Functionality specification
[0046] The modelling software includes functions for import of work site 3D models in different file formats. Moreover, the modelling software can include a library for scaffolding cells; alternatively, the modelling software includes software routines that can import elements from a remote library on a server. The library comprises scaffolding cells, where the scaffolding cells comprise scaffolding parts. The cells contains metadata for all parts included in a cell. Scaffolding cell can be combined according to a set of rules. The rules can be included in the specification of each cell. In the event that the modelling software is separate from the library the modelling, software may include the set of rules governing combinations of scaffolding cells. The modelling software may give warnings when a chosen solution is not compliant with relevant standards and regulations. It may also list possible mitigating actions.
[0047] The modelling software can include pricing specifications for scaffolding cells and parts; hence, the modelling software may automatically create a cost estimate for all parts needed to build a designed scaffolding. The cost estimate can be provided in defined formats such as Excel and include list of parts, amount, weight, size, part ID etc.
[0048] Users of the modelling software may choose cells to combine manually, and they may move and modify cells in a scaffolding design according to set rules. Project information supplied by a contracting entity and site information can be imported to the modelling software. Lists of scaffolding dimension can be generated by the modelling software in defined formats. Excel can be used for calculations.
[0049] Users of the modelling software may be given the right to import or draw a new scaffolding part, where the new part can be stored in the library for future use. Users can also be given the right to create new cells or modify existing ones and to store them in the library. Furthermore, a user may add, change, or remove metadata on part- and cell-level and he may add, change or remove scaffolding rules, warnings and mitigations.
[0050] The modelling software may as indicated above auto generate a scaffolding solution based on user defined requirements such as target access areas, dimension requirements, working height, scaffold entry location, a site 3D model, the cell library and in-built set of scaffolding rules. Builders of scaffolding based on deliveries from the modelling software can collect/generate real life data from a scaffolding construction site and provide the data to users of the modelling software. The modelling software can use the provided data and thereby adapt rules, cells etc. This will improve the auto generation capabilities of the modelling software. The modelling software is developed to include automated detailed clash detection and avoidance.
[0051] List of references

Claims (1)

  1. Claims
    1. An automated scaffolding design method at least comprising the steps of:
    a) provide images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by a scaffolding (204),
    b) import to a computer images (206) with real dimensional parameters of objects into a modelling software on the computer;
    c) input scaffolding specification to the computer (206);
    d) import to the computer a library with library models of scaffolding cells or open a library with library models of scaffolding cells from the computer;
    e) associate library models of scaffolding cells with the imported images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding;
    f) compare parameters of the library models of scaffolding cells associated with the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding,
    g) choose library models of scaffolding cells at least based on:
    i. a best fit match between the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding associated with the library models of scaffolding cells, ii. scaffolding specification, and
    iii. in-built set of rules for allowable combinations of library models of scaffolding cells;
    h) generate scaffolding solution (207) based on chosen library models of scaffolding cells;
    i) perform a usefulness test (208) for the chosen library models of scaffolding cells.
    2. A method according to claim 1, where cells must contain metadata of all components included in the library models of scaffolding cells.
    3. A method according to claim 1, where step a) further comprises to perform a full or partial 3D scan of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding (204).
    4. A method according to claim 3, where partial 3D scans are completed on the computer using a symmetrisation algorithm for geometric objects.
    5. A method according to any of the claim 1 - 4, where the usefulness test at least comprises to perform a clash test, where the library model components are adapted to avoid clashes with the objects described by the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding.
    6. A method according to any of the claim 1 – 5, where the usefulness test further includes to perform a component accessibility test, where the library model components are adapted to include specified requirements at least such as: access openings for components, access openings for servicing, target access area, dimension requirements, working height, scaffold entry location.
    7. A method according to claim 1, defining at least two reference markers on at least one of the provided images and mapping dimensional data associated with the at least two reference markers before continuing with step a).
    8. A method according to claim 1, where, it is provided a representation of distance measurement from scanner to scanned objects, for scaling of at least one of the provided images before continuing with step a).
    9. A method according to claim 8, where the scaling is carried out using a 3D-scaling program.
    10.A method according to claim 8 or 9, where an operator of the scaling program makes virtual marks on at least one of the provided images for mapping of these marks with the distance.
    11.A method for designing scaffolding, producing assembly instructions for scaffolding, adaptive scaffolding design and providing at least one parts list for scaffoldings at least comprising the steps of:
    a) at a supplier receiving an order for a scaffolding commission (100) from a client;
    b) at the supplier providing a first design proposal using a modelling software for a scaffolding in accordance with order and verification for the scaffolding (200);
    c) at the supplier producing documents associated with the first design proposal (300);
    d) at the client approve or disapprove a received first design proposal (400);
    e) constructing a scaffolding according to design and supporting documentation prepared by the supplier (500); and
    f) providing feedback data to the supplier for adaptation of the modelling software (600).
    A method according to claim 11, where step a further comprises the sub-steps of at the supplier to verify receipt of sufficient information for carrying out the commission.
    A method according to claim 11, where step b further comprises to provide images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding (204), and to:
    i. import to computer images (206) with real dimensional parameters of objects into a modelling software on the computer;
    ii. input scaffolding specification to the computer (206);
    iii. import to the computer a library with library models of scaffolding cells or open a library with library models of scaffolding cells from the computer; iv. associate library models of scaffolding cells with the imported images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding;
    v. compare parameters of the library models of scaffolding cells associated with the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding,
    vi. choose library models of scaffolding cells at least based on a best fit match between the images with real dimensional parameters of objects to be accessed by the scaffolding associated with the library models of scaffolding cells, and scaffolding specification, and in-built set of rules for allowable combinations of library models of scaffolding cells; vii. generate scaffolding solution (207) based on chosen library models of scaffolding cells;
    viii. perform a usefulness test (208) for the chosen library models of scaffolding cells.
    A method according to claim 11, where step c further comprises to generate cost time and resource estimates (301) and to generate assembly instructions.
    A method according to claim 11, where step d further comprises to provide scaffolding design draft to the client and at the client to approve the design or disapprove the design and if the scaffolding design draft is disapproved to provide corrections to supplier for redrafting the scaffolding design draft at the supplier.
    A method according to claim 11, where step f further comprises to:
    * at the client to obtain construction feedback data from a scaffolding builder,
    * to forward the construction feedback data to the supplier, and
    * at the supplier to import the construction feedback data to the modelling software for a scaffolding.
    A modelling tool for designing scaffolding where the modelling tool at least comprises:
    a. at least one 3D scanning device for scanning of objects to be accessed by a scaffolding and a defined portion of environment surrounding said objects,
    b. means for dimensional scaling of scanned objects to be accessed by the scaffolding into real dimension representation model library with models of scaffold elements,
    c. modelling software where 3D real size software models from the scaling software is imported together with elements from the model library, for a best match comparison between library models and 3D real size software models.
    18. A modelling tool according to claim 17, where the scaling means is embedded in the scanner.
    19. A modelling tool according to claim 17, where the means for dimensional scaling of scanned objects to be accessed by the scaffolding into real dimension representation comprises:
    ● means for making real mark references or virtual mark references on scanned objects;
    ● dimensional measuring means for distance measuring of distances between reference marks on scanned objects, and ● scaling software for scaling scanned objects into real size based on scanned image and distances between reference marks on scanned objects and for producing 3D real size software models.
NO20171375A 2017-08-18 2017-08-18 Method and modelling tool for scaffolding design NO345434B1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100114635A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy, Ltd. Construction progress visualization system and method of visualizing construction progress
US20150310135A1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois 4d vizualization of building design and construction modeling with photographs

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100114635A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy, Ltd. Construction progress visualization system and method of visualizing construction progress
US20150310135A1 (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois 4d vizualization of building design and construction modeling with photographs

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