NO20121555A1 - Ventilinnretning for ventilering av gass fra væske som sirkulerer i et undersjøisk produksjonssystem - Google Patents

Ventilinnretning for ventilering av gass fra væske som sirkulerer i et undersjøisk produksjonssystem

Info

Publication number
NO20121555A1
NO20121555A1 NO20121555A NO20121555A NO20121555A1 NO 20121555 A1 NO20121555 A1 NO 20121555A1 NO 20121555 A NO20121555 A NO 20121555A NO 20121555 A NO20121555 A NO 20121555A NO 20121555 A1 NO20121555 A1 NO 20121555A1
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
valve device
production system
liquid circulating
venting gas
subsea production
Prior art date
Application number
NO20121555A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
NO334569B1 (no
Inventor
Anne Margrethe Mosland
Original Assignee
Vetco Gray Scandinavia As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vetco Gray Scandinavia As filed Critical Vetco Gray Scandinavia As
Priority to NO20121555A priority Critical patent/NO20121555A1/no
Priority to SG11201504687PA priority patent/SG11201504687PA/en
Priority to SG10201704650RA priority patent/SG10201704650RA/en
Priority to AU2013365975A priority patent/AU2013365975B2/en
Priority to PCT/IB2013/002741 priority patent/WO2014096921A1/en
Priority to BR112015014815A priority patent/BR112015014815A2/pt
Priority to EP13864138.6A priority patent/EP2935763A4/en
Priority to US14/652,857 priority patent/US20150323093A1/en
Publication of NO334569B1 publication Critical patent/NO334569B1/no
Publication of NO20121555A1 publication Critical patent/NO20121555A1/no

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/18—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float
    • F16K31/20—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float actuating a lift valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K21/00—Fluid-delivery valves, e.g. self-closing valves
    • F16K21/04—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation
    • F16K21/18—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation closed when a rising liquid reaches a predetermined level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K24/00—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures
    • F16K24/04—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures for venting only
    • F16K24/042—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures for venting only actuated by a float
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/18—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float
    • F16K31/20—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float actuating a lift valve
    • F16K31/24—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float actuating a lift valve with a transmission with parts linked together from a single float to a single valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/18—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float
    • F16K31/20—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float actuating a lift valve
    • F16K31/24—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float actuating a lift valve with a transmission with parts linked together from a single float to a single valve
    • F16K31/26—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid actuated by a float actuating a lift valve with a transmission with parts linked together from a single float to a single valve with the valve guided for rectilinear movement and the float attached to a pivoted arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/52—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam
    • F16K31/524—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with a cam
    • F16K31/52408—Mechanical actuating means with crank, eccentric, or cam with a cam comprising a lift valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K33/00—Floats for actuation of valves or other apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/53—Mechanical actuating means with toothed gearing
    • F16K31/54—Mechanical actuating means with toothed gearing with pinion and rack
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y10T137/2937—Gas pressure discharge of liquids feed traps [e.g., to boiler]
    • Y10T137/2947—Gas pressure controlled by amount of liquid in trap
    • Y10T137/2965—Float responsive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y10T137/3003—Fluid separating traps or vents
    • Y10T137/3084—Discriminating outlet for gas
    • Y10T137/309—Fluid sensing valve
    • Y10T137/3099—Float responsive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7287—Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems
    • Y10T137/7293—Liquid excluding devices for gas inlet or outlets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7287—Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems
    • Y10T137/7358—By float controlled valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7287—Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems
    • Y10T137/7358—By float controlled valve
    • Y10T137/7423—Rectilinearly traveling float
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7287—Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems
    • Y10T137/7358—By float controlled valve
    • Y10T137/7439—Float arm operated valve
    • Y10T137/7478—With interposed cam, gear or threaded connection

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Float Valves (AREA)
  • Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
NO20121555A 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Ventilinnretning for ventilering av gass fra væske som sirkulerer i et undersjøisk produksjonssystem NO20121555A1 (no)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20121555A NO20121555A1 (no) 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Ventilinnretning for ventilering av gass fra væske som sirkulerer i et undersjøisk produksjonssystem
SG11201504687PA SG11201504687PA (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-11 Valve arrangement for venting gas from liquid circulating in a subsea production system
SG10201704650RA SG10201704650RA (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-11 Valve arrangement for venting gas from liquid circulating in a subsea production system
AU2013365975A AU2013365975B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-11 Valve arrangement for venting gas from liquid circulating in a subsea production system
PCT/IB2013/002741 WO2014096921A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-11 Valve arrangement for venting gas from liquid circulating in a subsea production system
BR112015014815A BR112015014815A2 (pt) 2012-12-21 2013-12-11 conjunto de válvulas de ventilação de gás
EP13864138.6A EP2935763A4 (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-11 VALVE ASSEMBLY FOR BLEEDING GASES FROM A LIQUID CIRCULATING IN A UNDERWATER PRODUCTION SYSTEM
US14/652,857 US20150323093A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-11 Valve arrangement for venting gas from liquid circulating in a subsea production system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20121555A NO20121555A1 (no) 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Ventilinnretning for ventilering av gass fra væske som sirkulerer i et undersjøisk produksjonssystem

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO334569B1 NO334569B1 (no) 2014-04-14
NO20121555A1 true NO20121555A1 (no) 2014-04-14

Family

ID=49779909

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO20121555A NO20121555A1 (no) 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Ventilinnretning for ventilering av gass fra væske som sirkulerer i et undersjøisk produksjonssystem

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20150323093A1 (no)
EP (1) EP2935763A4 (no)
AU (1) AU2013365975B2 (no)
BR (1) BR112015014815A2 (no)
NO (1) NO20121555A1 (no)
SG (2) SG11201504687PA (no)
WO (1) WO2014096921A1 (no)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180012692A9 (en) * 2015-02-12 2018-01-11 Eaton Corporation Multi-piece armature and solenoid with amplified stroke
CN111734859B (zh) * 2020-08-10 2022-03-18 罗浮阀门集团有限公司 一种液相介质全启式安全阀

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3252473A (en) * 1965-04-26 1966-05-24 Smith Corp A O Apparatus for separating gas from liquid
US5573031A (en) * 1993-02-10 1996-11-12 Hydac Technology Gmbh Air bleed valve
EP0854310A1 (en) * 1997-01-15 1998-07-22 Watts Intermes S.p.A. A dual operation, automatic and manual, air bleed apparatus
US20030221560A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-04 Macduff James Method and kit for use with standard pipe couplings to construct a de-aerator
RU2008146525A (ru) * 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Ильмер Юсупович Хасанов (RU) Устройство для отвода газа

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US439749A (en) * 1890-11-04 Boiler feeder and regulator
US617597A (en) * 1899-01-10 Ball-cock
US1770988A (en) * 1929-04-18 1930-07-22 Morgan Oliver Valve for oil-distributing systems
US1814904A (en) * 1930-06-20 1931-07-14 Harry E Dobson Automatic valve
US2605847A (en) * 1949-06-24 1952-08-05 Carl J Mccoy Wet plug for well pipes
GB742391A (en) * 1952-09-19 1955-12-30 Leslie Haddow Carmalt Improvements in and relating to float valves
US2724404A (en) * 1954-05-10 1955-11-22 Samuel M Kass Inlet valve
US3195557A (en) * 1963-04-25 1965-07-20 Gen Dynamics Corp Float actuated gas vent
US3369560A (en) * 1964-05-28 1968-02-20 American Radiator & Standard Flush tank refill valve
US4286664A (en) * 1979-08-28 1981-09-01 Aztec Tools, Inc. Positive seal float collar
US5062441A (en) * 1990-06-21 1991-11-05 Sabre Industries, Inc. Drain valve used in aircraft
US5386844A (en) * 1991-12-12 1995-02-07 Penn Troy Machine Co., Inc. Float actuated combination air and vacuum valve
IL150520A0 (en) * 2002-07-02 2003-02-12 A R I Kfar Charuv Water Supply Gas purge valve
JP4331503B2 (ja) * 2003-04-09 2009-09-16 株式会社パイオラックス フロート弁装置
US7703539B2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2010-04-27 Warren Michael Levy Expandable downhole tools and methods of using and manufacturing same
GB2447037B (en) * 2007-03-01 2009-04-01 Chuan Jiing Entpr Co Ltd Automatic pressure-relieving apparatus for suction pump
DE102007010029B4 (de) * 2007-03-01 2011-12-22 Chuan Jiing Enterprises Co., Ltd. Automatische Druckentlastungsvorrichtung für eine Saugpumpe
DE102007050970B4 (de) * 2007-06-27 2010-10-07 Alfmeier Präzision AG Baugruppen und Systemlösungen Entlüftungsvorrichtung für den Kraftstofftank eines Kraftfahrzeugs

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3252473A (en) * 1965-04-26 1966-05-24 Smith Corp A O Apparatus for separating gas from liquid
US5573031A (en) * 1993-02-10 1996-11-12 Hydac Technology Gmbh Air bleed valve
EP0854310A1 (en) * 1997-01-15 1998-07-22 Watts Intermes S.p.A. A dual operation, automatic and manual, air bleed apparatus
US20030221560A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-04 Macduff James Method and kit for use with standard pipe couplings to construct a de-aerator
RU2008146525A (ru) * 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Ильмер Юсупович Хасанов (RU) Устройство для отвода газа

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2013365975A1 (en) 2015-07-09
AU2013365975B2 (en) 2017-08-31
NO334569B1 (no) 2014-04-14
SG11201504687PA (en) 2015-07-30
SG10201704650RA (en) 2017-07-28
WO2014096921A1 (en) 2014-06-26
BR112015014815A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
EP2935763A1 (en) 2015-10-28
US20150323093A1 (en) 2015-11-12
EP2935763A4 (en) 2016-08-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DK2855993T3 (da) Fluidumforbindelsesindretning til et kølesystem
EP2883154A4 (en) ON-SITE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM
NO20111487A1 (no) Tetningsanordning for ventil
FI20125964A (fi) Ennustava kunnossapitomenetelmä ja -järjestelmä
EP2914950A4 (en) LIQUID TRANSPORT SYSTEM
NO20150440A1 (no) Semi-autonomous insert valve for well system
DK2897546T3 (da) Indretning til automatiseret capsulotomi
NO20110227A1 (no) Anordning ved en ventil
DK2849760T3 (da) Fremgangsmåder til oligonukleotid-chelatkompleks
DK2825447T3 (da) Fremdriftsenhed til et søfartøj
DK2847528T3 (da) Forsyningsluftudledning til afkølet container
BR112015024278A2 (pt) sistema compreendendo uma turbina vertical com guias de fluxo
DK2877789T3 (da) Centralt gennemstrømningssystem
HK1203226A1 (en) Quick maintenance undersea check valve
DE102012209164B8 (de) Wärmeelement für den Innenraum eines Verkehrsmittels
EP2926207A4 (en) PIPING SYSTEM FOR LIQUIDS
DK2661571T3 (da) Kontraventil til et rørafsnit
PT2871294T (pt) Guarnição de entrada para um autoclismo uma guarnição de entrada (1) para enchimento
DE112013001134A5 (de) Ventil
NO20121555A1 (no) Ventilinnretning for ventilering av gass fra væske som sirkulerer i et undersjøisk produksjonssystem
BR112013028326A2 (pt) sistema fora da costa
DK3042076T3 (da) Sikkerhedssystem til en vindmølle
DE112013006038A5 (de) Entlüftungseinrichtung für ein hydraulisches System
DK2897695T3 (da) Trykreduceringsventil til et automatisk brandslukningsanlæg
EP2828473A4 (en) ALIGNMENT SYSTEM FOR FLAP VALVES

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM1K Lapsed by not paying the annual fees