NO20030898L - Fremgangsmåte for konstruksjon av 3-D geologiske modeller ved å kombinere flere frekvensbånd - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåte for konstruksjon av 3-D geologiske modeller ved å kombinere flere frekvensbåndInfo
- Publication number
- NO20030898L NO20030898L NO20030898A NO20030898A NO20030898L NO 20030898 L NO20030898 L NO 20030898L NO 20030898 A NO20030898 A NO 20030898A NO 20030898 A NO20030898 A NO 20030898A NO 20030898 L NO20030898 L NO 20030898L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- constructing
- frequency bands
- multiple frequency
- combining multiple
- geological models
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/66—Subsurface modeling
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US22940700P | 2000-08-31 | 2000-08-31 | |
PCT/US2001/026747 WO2002018976A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2001-08-28 | Method for constructing 3-d geologic models by combining multiple frequency passbands |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO20030898D0 NO20030898D0 (no) | 2003-02-26 |
NO20030898L true NO20030898L (no) | 2003-03-31 |
Family
ID=22861112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO20030898A NO20030898L (no) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-02-26 | Fremgangsmåte for konstruksjon av 3-D geologiske modeller ved å kombinere flere frekvensbånd |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7415401B2 (no) |
EP (1) | EP1328828A1 (no) |
AU (2) | AU8844101A (no) |
CA (1) | CA2419867C (no) |
MY (1) | MY134866A (no) |
NO (1) | NO20030898L (no) |
WO (1) | WO2002018976A1 (no) |
Families Citing this family (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7415401B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2008-08-19 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for constructing 3-D geologic models by combining multiple frequency passbands |
US7606691B2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2009-10-20 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for locally controlling spatial continuity in geologic models |
FR2846767B1 (fr) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-12-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode pour former plus rapidement un modele stochastique representatif d'un reservoir heterogene souterrain, contraint par des donnees dynamiques |
US7379854B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2008-05-27 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method of conditioning a random field to have directionally varying anisotropic continuity |
US6982927B2 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2006-01-03 | Rdsp I, L.P. | Method for processing seismic data to identify anomalous absorption zones |
US7561990B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2009-07-14 | Autodesk, Inc. | Interactive triangulated irregular network (TIN) surfaces design |
US7523396B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2009-04-21 | Autodesk, Inc. | Surface construction audit trail and manipulation |
US20050091016A1 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-04-28 | Autodesk, Inc. | Surface smoothing techniques |
BRPI0512965A (pt) * | 2004-07-01 | 2008-04-22 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | método para a modelagem geológica através do gradeamento com base na hidrodinámica (hidro-grades) |
US7373251B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-05-13 | Marathon Oil Company | Method for predicting quantitative values of a rock or fluid property in a reservoir using seismic data |
US7660202B2 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2010-02-09 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | PP/PS event matching (registration) |
US8311789B2 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2012-11-13 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Monte Carlo simulation of well logging data |
US7719923B2 (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2010-05-18 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Low frequency model estimation |
FR2909775A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-13 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode de construction d'un modele geologique d'une formation du sous-sol contraint par des donnees sismiques |
US7853045B2 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2010-12-14 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Geostatistical analysis and classification of core data |
WO2009092992A1 (en) * | 2008-01-21 | 2009-07-30 | Arkex Limited | Geophysical data processing systems |
AU2009223731B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2013-09-05 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for determing distinct alternative paths between two object sets in 2-D and 3-D heterogeneous data |
BRPI0909440A2 (pt) | 2008-04-17 | 2015-12-15 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | métodos para planejamento de desenvolvimento de reservatório, para suporte de decisão com relação de desenvolvimento de recursos petrolíferos, para planejamento de desenvolvimento de otimização para um reservatório com base em um computador, e para produzir hidrocarbonetos de um reservatório subterrâneo. |
BRPI0909446A2 (pt) * | 2008-04-18 | 2015-12-22 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | métodos para planejamento do desenvolvimento de reservatório, para suporte à decisão considerando o desenvolvimento de recurso petrolíferos, para otimização do planejamento de desenvolvimento, e para produção de hidrocarbonetos. |
CN102016746A (zh) | 2008-04-21 | 2011-04-13 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | 储层开发计划的基于随机规划的决策支持工具 |
WO2009137176A2 (en) | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-12 | Exxonmobile Upstream Research Company | Systems and methods for connectivity analysis using functional obejects |
US7817495B2 (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2010-10-19 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Jointly interpolating and deghosting seismic data |
US7675812B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-03-09 | Pgs Geophysical As | Method for attenuation of multiple reflections in seismic data |
EP2154551A1 (de) * | 2008-08-12 | 2010-02-17 | Geolab S.a.s. | Verfahren zum Erfassen von Veränderungen in einem Kohlenwasserstoff-Vorkommen |
US9342636B2 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2016-05-17 | Dem Solutions Ltd | Method and apparatus for simulation by discrete element modeling and supporting customisable particle properties |
WO2010053734A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-14 | Landmark Graphics Corporation, A Halliburton Company | Systems and methods for computing and validating a variogram model |
US8174927B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2012-05-08 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Method for optimizing acoustic source array performance |
US8095345B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2012-01-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc | Stochastic inversion of geophysical data for estimating earth model parameters |
WO2011062671A1 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-26 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method and system for modeling geologic properties using homogenized mixed finite elements |
BR112012025995A2 (pt) | 2010-04-30 | 2016-06-28 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | método e sistema para simulação de fluxo de volume finito |
US20130158962A1 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2013-06-20 | Landmark Graphics Corporation | Systems and Methods for Computing a Default 3D Variogram Model |
US20110310101A1 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-12-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Pillar grid conversion |
WO2012015521A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method and system for reservoir modeling |
AU2011283193B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2014-07-17 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Methods and systems for machine-learning based simulation of flow |
EP2599029A4 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2014-01-08 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATIC LEARNING FLOW SIMULATION |
US8954296B2 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2015-02-10 | Energywright, Inc. | Model building for pressure diagnostics simulation |
US9058446B2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2015-06-16 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Flexible and adaptive formulations for complex reservoir simulations |
US20120084007A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for declustering subsurface data on a per-slice basis |
RU2568921C2 (ru) * | 2010-11-11 | 2015-11-20 | Шлюмбергер Текнолоджи Б.В. | Инверсия формы импульса и инверсия с выбеливанием данных сейсморазведки в частотной области |
CN103329134B (zh) * | 2010-12-16 | 2016-06-01 | 界标制图有限公司 | 标绘相关数据的方法和系统 |
US20120290211A1 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2012-11-15 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for determining properties of a hydrocarbon reservoir based on production data |
US8843353B2 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-09-23 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hybrid deterministic-geostatistical earth model |
EP2756382A4 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2015-07-29 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | MATRIX AND VECTOR OPERATIONS OPTIMIZED IN LIMITED INSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS THAT COMPLETE EOS CALCULATIONS |
AU2012369158B2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2014-08-14 | Landmark Graphics Corporation | Systems and methods for selecting facies model realizations |
BR112014021946A2 (pt) * | 2012-03-08 | 2019-09-24 | Geokinetics Acquisition Company | divisão de espectro |
US20140052420A1 (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-20 | Ingrain Inc. | Digital Rock Analysis Systems and Methods that Estimate a Maturity Level |
US10036829B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2018-07-31 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Fault removal in geological models |
CA2887632C (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2021-04-13 | Landmark Graphics Corporation | Distributing petrofacies using analytical modeling |
US9310501B2 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2016-04-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method of inferring stratigraphy from suboptimal quality seismic images |
US10338253B2 (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2019-07-02 | Pgs Geophysical As | Method of suppressing spectral artefacts of wavefield decomposition caused by imperfect extrapolation |
SG11201610570VA (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2017-01-27 | Pgs Geophysical As | Wavefield reconstruction |
AU2015298233B2 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2018-02-22 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for volumetric grid generation in a domain with heterogeneous material properties |
US10422898B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2019-09-24 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Seismic data processing |
AU2015339883B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2018-03-29 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Methods to handle discontinuity in constructing design space for faulted subsurface model using moving least squares |
EP3213126A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2017-09-06 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Handling domain discontinuity in a subsurface grid model with the help of grid optimization techniques |
CN106226841B (zh) * | 2016-07-11 | 2019-03-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种河流相三维沉积相模型确定性建模方法 |
CN107728202B (zh) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-02-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 致密砂岩储层精细描述方法及系统 |
US10120092B2 (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2018-11-06 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for analysis of depositional settings of subsurface reservoirs |
CA3043231C (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2022-06-14 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method and system for stable and efficient reservoir simulation using stability proxies |
CN106707363B (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-10-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种确定三维数字露头地质模型的方法及系统 |
US10802171B2 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-10-13 | Pioneer Natural Resources Usa, Inc. | High resolution seismic data derived from pre-stack inversion and machine learning |
BR112021011247A2 (pt) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-09-28 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Aumento de dados para sistemas e métodos de interpretação sísmica |
US11187821B2 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2021-11-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Integration of seismic driven rock property into a geo-cellular model |
CN111583400B (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2023-08-15 | 广州轨道交通建设监理有限公司 | 一种三维地质模型建模方法、系统、装置及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3631384A (en) * | 1969-04-04 | 1971-12-28 | Shell Oil Co | Seismic holography |
US4210968A (en) * | 1975-12-16 | 1980-07-01 | Lindseth Roy O | Seismic exploration technique |
US4679174A (en) * | 1984-04-26 | 1987-07-07 | Western Geophysical Company Of America | Method for seismic lithologic modeling |
US4653855A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1987-03-31 | Quantum Diagnostics Ltd. | Apparatus and process for object analysis by perturbation of interference fringes |
US4710876A (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1987-12-01 | General Electric Company | System and method for the display of surface structures contained within the interior region of a solid body |
US4821164A (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1989-04-11 | Stratamodel, Inc. | Process for three-dimensional mathematical modeling of underground geologic volumes |
US4964103A (en) * | 1989-07-13 | 1990-10-16 | Conoco Inc. | Three dimensional before stack depth migration of two dimensional or three dimensional seismic data |
US5173880A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1992-12-22 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method of generating seismic wavelets using seismic range equation |
US5451164A (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1995-09-19 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method and system for geophysical and geologic modeling |
US5132938A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1992-07-21 | Shell Oil Company | Adjusting seismic data to tie to other data |
US5229940A (en) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-07-20 | Conoco Inc. | Method of extracting three dimensional information from a grid of two dimensional seismic data |
US5504678A (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1996-04-02 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method for seismic data processing using depth slice decomposition |
US5642327A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1997-06-24 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method for creating a gain function for seismic data and method for processing seismic data |
US5583825A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-12-10 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method for deriving reservoir lithology and fluid content from pre-stack inversion of seismic data |
US6295505B1 (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 2001-09-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method of filter generation for seismic migration using Remez algorithm |
US5729451A (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1998-03-17 | Coleman Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for fusing diverse data |
US5671136A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-09-23 | Willhoit, Jr.; Louis E. | Process for seismic imaging measurement and evaluation of three-dimensional subterranean common-impedance objects |
US5838634A (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 1998-11-17 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method of generating 3-D geologic models incorporating geologic and geophysical constraints |
US6012018A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 2000-01-04 | Shell Oil Company | Presentation and interpretation of seismic data |
US5995904A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-11-30 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method for frequency domain seismic data processing on a massively parallel computer |
US5987387A (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1999-11-16 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method of dip moveout analysis on a massively parallel computer |
US6131071A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 2000-10-10 | Bp Amoco Corporation | Spectral decomposition for seismic interpretation |
US5870691A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1999-02-09 | Amoco Corporation | Spectral decomposition for seismic interpretation |
US5905657A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1999-05-18 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Performing geoscience interpretation with simulated data |
US6018497A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2000-01-25 | Geoquest | Method and apparatus for generating more accurate earth formation grid cell property information for use by a simulator to display more accurate simulation results of the formation near a wellbore |
JP3294149B2 (ja) * | 1997-04-23 | 2002-06-24 | シャープ株式会社 | 立体テクスチャマッピング処理装置及びそれを用いた3次元画像生成装置 |
FR2765692B1 (fr) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-09-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode pour modeliser en 3d l'impedance d'un milieu heterogene |
US5940778A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-08-17 | Bp Amoco Corporation | Method of seismic attribute generation and seismic exploration |
US5995906A (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 1999-11-30 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method for reconciling data at seismic and well-log scales in 3-D earth modeling |
US6049759A (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 2000-04-11 | Bp Amoco Corporation | Method of prestack 3-D migration |
US5937362A (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-08-10 | Diamond Geoscience Research Corporation | Method for predicting pore pressure in a 3-D volume |
US6446007B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2002-09-03 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for controlled-amplitude prestack time migration of seismic data |
US6058073A (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2000-05-02 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Elastic impedance estimation for inversion of far offset seismic sections |
FR2798197B1 (fr) * | 1999-09-02 | 2001-10-05 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode pour former un modele d'une formation geologique, contraint par des donnees dynamiques et statiques |
US6480790B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2002-11-12 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Process for constructing three-dimensional geologic models having adjustable geologic interfaces |
US6490526B2 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2002-12-03 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for characterization of multi-scale geometric attributes |
US7415401B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2008-08-19 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for constructing 3-D geologic models by combining multiple frequency passbands |
US6430510B1 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-08-06 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Application of hybrid gathers for rapid determination of seismic acquisition parameters |
US6519532B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2003-02-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method and apparatus for 3D depth migration |
US6757217B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2004-06-29 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for time-aligning multiple offset seismic data volumes |
US7606691B2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2009-10-20 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for locally controlling spatial continuity in geologic models |
WO2004095072A2 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-11-04 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method to convert seismic traces into petrophysical property logs |
-
2001
- 2001-08-21 US US09/934,320 patent/US7415401B2/en active Active
- 2001-08-28 CA CA002419867A patent/CA2419867C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-28 WO PCT/US2001/026747 patent/WO2002018976A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-08-28 EP EP01968178A patent/EP1328828A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-28 AU AU8844101A patent/AU8844101A/xx active Pending
- 2001-08-28 AU AU2001288441A patent/AU2001288441B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-30 MY MYPI20014082A patent/MY134866A/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-02-26 NO NO20030898A patent/NO20030898L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2007
- 2007-05-14 US US11/803,280 patent/US20070219765A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1328828A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 |
AU8844101A (en) | 2002-03-13 |
NO20030898D0 (no) | 2003-02-26 |
US7415401B2 (en) | 2008-08-19 |
US20070219765A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
AU2001288441B2 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
MY134866A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
US20020042702A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
CA2419867C (en) | 2009-06-02 |
WO2002018976A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
CA2419867A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NO20030898L (no) | Fremgangsmåte for konstruksjon av 3-D geologiske modeller ved å kombinere flere frekvensbånd | |
DE60141356D1 (de) | Dreidimensionales planungszielvolumen | |
AUPQ679400A0 (en) | Microgel synthesis | |
NO20033579L (no) | Fremgangsmåte for syntetisering av camptothecin relaterte forbindelser | |
NO20032299L (no) | Nye pyridinsubstituerte pyrazolidinderivater | |
NO20071888L (no) | Fremgangsmate for a syntetisere 4-aminosubstituerte forbindelser | |
NO20030559L (no) | Fremgangsmåte for produksjon av papir | |
GB0401193D0 (en) | Collapsible box | |
AU2001287678A1 (en) | Method for producing alkyl aryl sulphonates | |
NO20030327L (no) | Fremgangsmåte for prosessering av vertikale seismiske profildata ved å benytte effektive modeller | |
NO20011753D0 (no) | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av syntesegass | |
ITMI20001515A0 (it) | Metodologia per produrre frigoriferi multivano | |
NO20030163D0 (no) | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av olefiner | |
HUP0302467A3 (en) | Method for producing sulfonamide substituted imidazotriazinones | |
NO20011754D0 (no) | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av syntesegass | |
HUP0100921A3 (en) | Process for producing organic sylile alkyl polysulphanes | |
IS6716A (is) | Aðferðir við að framleiða sílostasól | |
EP1229011A4 (en) | A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STYRENE | |
AU6475400A (en) | Process for producing cured photochromic | |
EP1582548A4 (en) | PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYMERIZABLE MULTIPLE BRANCHED POLYESTER | |
EP1693386A4 (en) | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES | |
HUP0104629A3 (en) | Method for producing cyclopropanecarboxylates | |
TW511752U (en) | Burglar-proof box for rental shop | |
NO20030109D0 (no) | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av olefiner | |
DE60200695D1 (de) | Münzbehälter |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FC2A | Withdrawal, rejection or dismissal of laid open patent application |