NO179079B - Cast iron grafting agent and method of producing grafting agent - Google Patents
Cast iron grafting agent and method of producing grafting agent Download PDFInfo
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- NO179079B NO179079B NO940819A NO940819A NO179079B NO 179079 B NO179079 B NO 179079B NO 940819 A NO940819 A NO 940819A NO 940819 A NO940819 A NO 940819A NO 179079 B NO179079 B NO 179079B
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- inoculant
- metal oxides
- graphite
- cast iron
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Mn]=O VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012256 powdered iron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
- C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et ferrosilisiumbasert ympemiddel for fremstilling av støpejern hvor grafitt foreligger som flakgrafitt, kompaktgrafitt eller som kulegrafitt. Oppfinnelsen vedrører videre en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av ympemiddel. The present invention relates to a ferrosilicon-based grafting agent for the production of cast iron where graphite is present as flake graphite, compact graphite or as nodular graphite. The invention further relates to a method for producing an inoculant.
Støpejern produseres typisk i en kupolovn eller en induksjonsovn og har vanligvis et innhold på 2 - 4 % karbon. Karbonet er intimt blandet med jernet og den form som karbonet har i det størknede støpejern er meget viktig for støpejernets egenskaper. Hvis karbonet har form av jernkarbid, betegnes støpejernet som hvitt støpejern og er kjennetegnet ved at det er hardt og sprøtt, hvilket er uønskelig ved visse anvendelser. Hvis karbonet har form av grafitt, er støpejernet bløtt og bearbeidbart og betegnes grått støpejern. Cast iron is typically produced in a cupola furnace or an induction furnace and usually has a carbon content of 2 - 4%. The carbon is intimately mixed with the iron and the form that the carbon has in the solidified cast iron is very important for the cast iron's properties. If the carbon is in the form of iron carbide, the cast iron is referred to as white cast iron and is characterized by being hard and brittle, which is undesirable in certain applications. If the carbon is in the form of graphite, the cast iron is soft and workable and is called gray cast iron.
Grafitt kan opptre som flakgrafitt, kompaktgrafitt eller som kulegrafitt og variasjoner derav. Kulegrafitt gir den form for støpejern som har høyest styrke og er mest duktil. Graphite can appear as flake graphite, compact graphite or as spherical graphite and variations thereof. Nodular graphite gives the form of cast iron which has the highest strength and is the most ductile.
Den form som grafitten har såvel som mengden av grafitt i forhold til mengden av jernkarbid kan kontrolleres med visse additiver som fremmer dannelse av grafitt under størkningen av støpejern. Disse additiver betegnes ympemidler og deres tilsetning til støpejern ymping. Ved støping av jernprodukter av støpejern plages støperiarbeideren til stadighet av dannelse av jernkarbider i tynne deler av støpeproduktet. Dannelse av jernkarbid forårsakes av hurtig avkjøling av de tynne deler sammenlignet med den langsomme avkjøling av de tykkere deler av støpeproduktet. Dannelsen av jernkarbid vurderes ved måling av hvitdybde, og et ympemiddels evne til å forebygge dannelse av jernkarbid og redusere hvitdybden er en enkel måte å måle og sammenligne ympemidlers styrke på. The form that the graphite has as well as the amount of graphite in relation to the amount of iron carbide can be controlled with certain additives that promote the formation of graphite during the solidification of cast iron. These additives are called grafting agents and their addition to cast iron grafting. When casting iron products from cast iron, the foundry worker is constantly troubled by the formation of iron carbides in thin parts of the casting product. Formation of iron carbide is caused by the rapid cooling of the thin parts compared to the slow cooling of the thicker parts of the cast product. The formation of iron carbide is assessed by measuring white depth, and the ability of an inoculant to prevent the formation of iron carbide and reduce the white depth is a simple way of measuring and comparing the strength of inoculants.
Det er et konstant behov for å finne frem til ympemidler som reduserer hvitdybden og forbedrer bearbeidbarheten av støpejern. There is a constant need to find grafting agents that reduce white depth and improve the machinability of cast iron.
Da den eksakte kjemi og mekanisme for ymping og hvorfor ympemidler virker som de gjør ikke forstås fullt ut, foregår det en omfattende forskning med henblikk på å skaffe nye ympemidler til industrien. As the exact chemistry and mechanism of grafting and why grafting agents work the way they do are not fully understood, extensive research is being carried out with a view to obtaining new grafting agents for the industry.
Det antas at kalsium og visse andre grunnstoffer undertrykker dannelsen av jernkarbid og fremmer dannelsen av grafitt. Et flertall av ympemidler inneholder kalsium. Tilsetningen av disse midler for å hindre dannelsen av jernkarbid lettes vanligvis ved tilsetning av en ferrosilisiumlegering og de vanligvis mest anvendte ferrosilisiumlegeringer er høy-silisiumlegeringer inneholdende 75 - 80 % silisium, og lavsilisiumlegeringer inneholdende 45 - 50 % silisium. It is believed that calcium and certain other elements suppress the formation of iron carbide and promote the formation of graphite. A majority of inoculants contain calcium. The addition of these agents to prevent the formation of iron carbide is usually facilitated by the addition of a ferrosilicon alloy and the usually most used ferrosilicon alloys are high-silicon alloys containing 75-80% silicon, and low-silicon alloys containing 45-50% silicon.
Av US patentskrift nr. 3.527.597 fremgår det at det oppnås god ympevirkning ved tilsetning av 0,1 - 10 vekt % strontium til et silisiumbærende ympemiddel som inneholder mindre enn 0,35 vekt % kalsium og opp til 5 vekt % aluminium. From US patent no. 3,527,597 it appears that a good inoculation effect is achieved by adding 0.1 - 10% by weight strontium to a silicon-bearing inoculant containing less than 0.35% by weight calcium and up to 5% by weight aluminium.
Det er videre kjent at dersom barium benyttes i forbindelse med kalsium vil de to elementer samvirke for å gi en større reduksjon av hvitdybden enn en ekvivalent mengde kalsium. It is also known that if barium is used in conjunction with calcium, the two elements will work together to give a greater reduction of the white depth than an equivalent amount of calcium.
Undertrykkelse av karbiddannelse henger sammen med kimdanningsegenskapene for ympemiddelet. Med kimdanningsegenskaper skal det forstås det antall kim som dannes av et ympemiddel. Et høyt antall kim forbedrer ympeeffektiviteten og forbedrer karbidundetrrykkelsen. Videre kan en høy kimdanningshastighet gi en bedre motstand mot tap av ympeeffekt. Suppression of carbide formation is related to the nucleation properties of the inoculant. Germ-forming properties shall be understood as the number of seeds formed by an inoculant. A high seed count improves seeding efficiency and improves carbide underpressure. Furthermore, a high nucleation rate can provide a better resistance to loss of grafting effect.
Det er nå blitt funnet at tilsetning av oksygen i form av metalloksider til ferrosilisiumbaserte ympemidler inneholdende kalsium og/eller strontium og/eller barium i vesentlig grad øker kimdanningshastigheten. It has now been found that the addition of oxygen in the form of metal oxides to ferrosilicon-based inoculants containing calcium and/or strontium and/or barium significantly increases the nucleation rate.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører således et ympemiddel for bruk ved fremstilling av støpejern med flakgrafitt, kompaktgrafitt eller kulegrafitt, hvilket ympemiddel inneholder mellom 40 og 80 vekt % silisium, mellom 0,5 og 10 vekt % kalsium og/eller strontium og/eller barium, mindre enn 4 vekt % aluminium, 0 - 10 vekt % mangan og/eller titan og/eller zirkonium, mellom 0,5 og 10 vekt % oksygen i form av et eller flere metalloksider valgt blant oksider av jern, silisium, mangan, magnesium, aluminium eller kalsium og rest jern. The present invention thus relates to an inoculant for use in the production of cast iron with flake graphite, compact graphite or nodular graphite, which inoculant contains between 40 and 80% by weight silicon, between 0.5 and 10% by weight calcium and/or strontium and/or barium, less than 4% by weight of aluminum, 0 - 10% by weight of manganese and/or titanium and/or zirconium, between 0.5 and 10% by weight of oxygen in the form of one or more metal oxides selected from oxides of iron, silicon, manganese, magnesium, aluminum or calcium and residual iron.
I henhold til en første utførelsesform utgjøres ympemiddelet av en mekanisk blanding av en ferrosilisiumbasert legering og et eller flere metalloksider. According to a first embodiment, the inoculant consists of a mechanical mixture of a ferrosilicon-based alloy and one or more metal oxides.
I henhold til en andre utførelsesform utgjøres ympemiddelet av en ferrosilisiumbasert legering inneholdende et eller flere metalloksider. According to a second embodiment, the grafting agent consists of a ferrosilicon-based alloy containing one or more metal oxides.
Ympemiddelet i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse inneholder fortrinnsvis 0,5 til 5 vekt % mangan og/eller titan og/eller zirkonium. The inoculant according to the present invention preferably contains 0.5 to 5% by weight of manganese and/or titanium and/or zirconium.
I henhold til en foretrukket utførelsesform er metalloksidet valgt blant FeO, Fe203, Fe304, Si02, MnO, MgO, AI2O3 og CaSi02- According to a preferred embodiment, the metal oxide is selected from FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, SiO2, MnO, MgO, Al2O3 and CaSiO2-
Oksygeninnholdet i ympemiddelet er fortrinnsvis mellom 1 og 6 vekt %. The oxygen content in the inoculant is preferably between 1 and 6% by weight.
Det har overraskende vist seg at ympemiddelet i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse øker antallet av kim som dannes når ympemiddelet tilsettes til støpejern hvorved det oppnås en forbedret undertrykking av karbiddannelsen når ympemiddelet anvendes i samme mengde som konvensjonelle ympemidler, eller det oppnås tilsvarende undertrykkelse av karbiddannelse ved bruk av mindre mengde ympemiddel enn når det anvendes konvensjonelle ympemidler. It has surprisingly been shown that the inoculating agent according to the present invention increases the number of seeds that are formed when the inoculating agent is added to cast iron, whereby an improved suppression of carbide formation is achieved when the inoculating agent is used in the same quantity as conventional inoculating agents, or a corresponding suppression of carbide formation is achieved by use of a smaller amount of inoculant than when conventional inoculants are used.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører videre en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et ympemiddel for fremstilling av støpejern med flakgrafitt, kompaktgrafitt eller kulegrafitt, hvilken fremgangsmåte er kjennetegnet ved at det tilveiebringes en basislegering inneholdende 40 - 80 vekt % silisium, 0,5 - 10 vekt % kalsium og/eller strontium og/eller barium, 0-10 vekt % mangan og/eller titan og/eller zirkonium, mindre enn 4 vekt % aluminium og rest jern hvoretter det til basislegeringen tilsettes 0,5 til 10 vekt % oksygen i form av et eller flere metalloksider valgt blant oksider av jern, silisium, mangan, mangnesium, aluminium eller kalsium. The present invention further relates to a method for producing an inoculant for the production of cast iron with flake graphite, compact graphite or nodular graphite, which method is characterized by providing a base alloy containing 40 - 80% by weight silicon, 0.5 - 10% by weight calcium and /or strontium and/or barium, 0-10 wt% manganese and/or titanium and/or zirconium, less than 4 wt% aluminum and residual iron, after which 0.5 to 10 wt% oxygen is added to the base alloy in the form of a or several metal oxides selected from oxides of iron, silicon, manganese, magnesium, aluminum or calcium.
I henhold til en utførelsesform av fremgangsmåten i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse blandes metalloksidene med basislegeringen ved mekanisk blanding av faste partikler av basislegeringen og faste partikler av metalloksidene. Den mekaniske blanding kan utføres i konvensjonelle blandeapparater som gir en idet vesentlige homogen blanding, så som f.eks. i en roterende trommel. According to an embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the metal oxides are mixed with the base alloy by mechanical mixing of solid particles of the base alloy and solid particles of the metal oxides. The mechanical mixing can be carried out in conventional mixing devices which give an essentially homogeneous mixture, such as e.g. in a rotating drum.
I henhold til en annen utførelsesform av fremgangsmåten i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse tilføres metalloksidene til en smelte av basislegeringen hvoretter smeiten størknes. I dette tilfellet tilsettes metalloksidene fortrinnsvis til strålen av smeltet basislegering idet smeiten fylles i støpeformer. Alternativt kan metalloksidene tilsettes til støpeformen hvoretter smeltet basislegering fylles i støpeformene. According to another embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the metal oxides are added to a melt of the base alloy, after which the melt is solidified. In this case, the metal oxides are preferably added to the stream of molten base alloy as the melt is filled into moulds. Alternatively, the metal oxides can be added to the mold after which molten base alloy is filled into the molds.
EKSEMPEL 1 EXAMPLE 1
Fremstilling av ympemiddel. Production of inoculant.
Fire prøver bestående av 7000 gram 75 % ferrosilisium med en partikkelstørrelse mellom 0,2 og 1 mm og inneholdende ca. 1 vekt % kalsium, 1 vekt % barium og 1 vekt % aluminium ble mekanisk blandet med forskjellige mengder av pulverformede jernoksidmaterialer som vist i tabell 1. Blandingen ble utført i en trommel med kombinert rotasjons- og vippebevegelse for å oppnå en homogen blanding av ympemidlene. Oksygeninnholdet i de fire fremstilte ympemidler A til D er også vist i tabell 1. Four samples consisting of 7,000 grams of 75% ferrosilicon with a particle size between 0.2 and 1 mm and containing approx. 1 wt% calcium, 1 wt% barium and 1 wt% aluminum were mechanically mixed with different amounts of powdered iron oxide materials as shown in Table 1. The mixing was carried out in a drum with combined rotation and tilting motion to obtain a homogeneous mixture of the inoculants. The oxygen content of the four produced inoculants A to D is also shown in table 1.
EKSEMPEL 2 EXAMPLE 2
De fire ympemidlene A til D fremstilt i eksempel 1 ble brukt for ymping av et støpejern inneholdende 3,7 vekt % karbon, 2,4 vekt % silisium, 0,1 vekt % mangan, 0,025 vekt % fosfor, 0,005 % svovel og 0,050 vekt % magnesium. For sammenligningsformål ble det utført to forsøk med bruk av konvensjonelt ympemiddel bestående av 75 % ferrosilisium med tilsats av 1 vekt % kalsium 1 vekt % barium og 1 vekt % aluminium. I hvert forsøk ble 0,3 % ympemiddel tilsatt til støpejernsmelten. Etter utstøping ble nodultettheten i 5 mm seksjoner av støpene bestemt. Resultatene er vist i tabell 2. Forsøk nr. 1 og 2 vedrører forsøk med konvensjonelt ympemiddel mens forsøk nr. 3 til 6 i tabell 2 vedrører forsøk med ympemiddel A til D i henhold til tabell 1 i eksempel 1. The four grafting agents A to D prepared in Example 1 were used for grafting a cast iron containing 3.7 wt% carbon, 2.4 wt% silicon, 0.1 wt% manganese, 0.025 wt% phosphorus, 0.005 wt% sulfur and 0.050 wt% % magnesium. For comparison purposes, two trials were carried out using a conventional inoculant consisting of 75% ferrosilicon with the addition of 1% by weight calcium, 1% by weight barium and 1% by weight aluminium. In each experiment, 0.3% inoculant was added to the cast iron melt. After casting, the nodule density in 5 mm sections of the castings was determined. The results are shown in table 2. Experiments no. 1 and 2 relate to experiments with conventional inoculants, while experiments nos. 3 to 6 in table 2 relate to experiments with inoculants A to D according to table 1 in example 1.
Som det vil ses fra tabell 2, gir ympemidlene i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse en økt nodultetthet på opptil 70 % sammenlignet med bruk av konvensjonelt ympemiddel. As will be seen from table 2, the inoculants according to the present invention give an increased nodule density of up to 70% compared to the use of conventional inoculants.
EKSEMPEL 3 EXAMPLE 3
Fremstilling av ympemiddel. Production of inoculant.
Fire prøver bestående av 7000 gram av et konvensjonelt ympemiddel basert på 75 % ferrosilisium og inneholdende 1 vekt % kalsium, 1 vekt % barium og 1 vekt % aluminium ble smeltet i en grafittdigel ved bruk av en induksjonsovn. Mindre mengder av kalsium og barium ble tilsatt til den smeltede legering for å justere for tap av disse elementene under smelting og varmholding. De fire smeltene ble utstøpt i kobberformer under tilsetning av varierende typer og mengder av jernoksider til metallstrømmen og/eller til formene før utstøping. Tabell 3 viser type og mengde av tilsatt jernoksid samt den kjemiske sammensetning av de fremstilte ympemidler. Four samples consisting of 7000 grams of a conventional inoculant based on 75% ferrosilicon and containing 1 wt% calcium, 1 wt% barium and 1 wt% aluminum were melted in a graphite crucible using an induction furnace. Smaller amounts of calcium and barium were added to the molten alloy to adjust for loss of these elements during melting and heating. The four melts were cast in copper molds with the addition of varying types and amounts of iron oxides to the metal stream and/or to the molds prior to casting. Table 3 shows the type and quantity of added iron oxide as well as the chemical composition of the produced inoculants.
De fremstilte ympemidlene E til H ble deretter knust og siktet og fraksjonen 0,2 til 1,0 mm av hvert ympemiddel ble brukt for å ympe støpejern som beskrevet i eksempel 4. The prepared inoculants E to H were then crushed and sieved and the fraction 0.2 to 1.0 mm of each inoculant was used to inoculate cast iron as described in Example 4.
EKSEMPEL 4 EXAMPLE 4
De fire ympemidlene E til H fremstilt i eksempel 3 ble brukt for ymping av et støpejern inneholdende 3,7 vekt % karbon, 2,4 vekt % silisium, 0,1 vekt % mangan, 0,025 vekt % fosfor, 0,005 vekt % svovel og 0,050 vekt % magnesium. For sammenligningsformål ble det utført et forsøk ved bruk av et konvensjonelt ympemiddel bestående av 75 % ferrosilisium tilsatt 1 vekt % kalsium, 1 vekt % barium og 1 vekt % aluminium. I hvert forsøk ble 0,3 vekt % ympemiddel tilsatt til støpejernsmelten. Etter utstøping ble nodultettheten i 5 mm seksjoner av de støpte prøvene undersøkt. Resultatene er vist i tabell 4. Forsøk nr. 1 vedrører forsøk med bruk av konvensjonelt ympemiddel, mens forsøk nr. 2 - 5 i tabell 4 vedrører forsøk med ympemidlene E til H ifølge tabell 3 i eksempel 3. The four inoculating agents E to H prepared in Example 3 were used for inoculating a cast iron containing 3.7% by weight carbon, 2.4% by weight silicon, 0.1% by weight manganese, 0.025% by weight phosphorus, 0.005% by weight sulfur and 0.050 weight % magnesium. For comparison purposes, an experiment was carried out using a conventional inoculant consisting of 75% ferrosilicon with 1% by weight calcium, 1% by weight barium and 1% by weight aluminium. In each experiment, 0.3% by weight of inoculant was added to the cast iron melt. After casting, the nodule density in 5 mm sections of the cast samples was examined. The results are shown in table 4. Experiment no. 1 relates to experiments with the use of conventional inoculants, while experiments nos. 2 - 5 in table 4 relate to experiments with the inoculants E to H according to table 3 in example 3.
Som det kan ses fra tabell 4 ble det oppnådd en økning i nodultettheten på opp til ca. 50 % ved bruk av ympemidlene i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse sammenlignet med det konvensjonelle ympemiddel. As can be seen from table 4, an increase in the nodule density of up to approx. 50% when using the inoculants according to the present invention compared to the conventional inoculant.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO940819A NO179079C (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1994-03-09 | Cast iron grafting agent and method of producing grafting agent |
| PCT/NO1995/000029 WO1995024508A1 (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1995-02-13 | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO940819A NO179079C (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1994-03-09 | Cast iron grafting agent and method of producing grafting agent |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO940819D0 NO940819D0 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
| NO940819L NO940819L (en) | 1995-09-11 |
| NO179079B true NO179079B (en) | 1996-04-22 |
| NO179079C NO179079C (en) | 1996-07-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO940819A NO179079C (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1994-03-09 | Cast iron grafting agent and method of producing grafting agent |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO179079C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995024508A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109154030A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-01-04 | 埃尔凯姆公司 | Grey cast-iron inovulant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0834577A1 (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-04-08 | Peter H. Grelling | Process and installation for treating of iron melts and cast iron or steel manufactured by this process |
| NO306169B1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-09-27 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron grafting agent and method of making grafting agent |
| DE10118261A1 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-17 | Fischer Georg Automobilguss | Additive for inoculants for inoculating cast iron melts treated with magnesium in a converter |
| US6793707B2 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2004-09-21 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Inoculation filter |
| GB0614705D0 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2006-09-06 | Foseco Int | Improved meethod of producing ductile iron |
| FR2997962B1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-04-10 | Ferropem | INOCULATING ALLOY FOR THICK PIECES IN CAST IRON |
| CN103394656A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-20 | 张传海 | Preparation method for combined nucleating agent used for casting |
| CN105033196A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 成都宏源铸造材料有限公司 | Preparation method for grey cast iron inoculant and application thereof |
| CN104213014A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-17 | 成都宏源铸造材料有限公司 | Thin-wall quenching piece nucleating agent, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN104195414A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 成都宏源铸造材料有限公司 | Preparation method and application of silicon granule nucleating agent |
| CN104195413A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 成都宏源铸造材料有限公司 | Thin-wall quenching part nucleating agent as well as preparation thereof and application thereof to casting field |
| CN104195417A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 成都宏源铸造材料有限公司 | Preparation method of pipe powder for nodular cast iron and application of pipe powder |
| CN105200303A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2015-12-30 | 成都宏源铸造材料有限公司 | Preparation method and application of inoculant for thin-wall quenched part |
| NO20161094A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-01 | Elkem As | Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant |
| NO347571B1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2024-01-15 | Elkem Materials | Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant |
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| NO20172061A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
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| NO20172065A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-01 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
| NO346252B1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2022-05-09 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant |
| CN110629106B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-07-24 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for reinforcing nodular cast iron material by using nano SiO2 particles |
| CN110983165A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 三祥新材股份有限公司 | Inoculant for nodular cast iron and preparation method thereof |
| NO20210412A1 (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-03 | Elkem Materials | Ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, production of a ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, and the use thereof |
| NO20210413A1 (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-03 | Elkem Materials | Ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, production of a ferrosilicon vanadium and/or niobium alloy, and the use thereof |
| BR102022010926A2 (en) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-19 | Inst Hercilio Randon | Improved cast iron and the process for obtaining it |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4666516A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1987-05-19 | Elkem Metals Company | Gray cast iron inoculant |
| DE4124159C2 (en) * | 1991-07-20 | 1996-08-14 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Master alloy for the treatment of cast iron melts |
-
1994
- 1994-03-09 NO NO940819A patent/NO179079C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1995-02-13 WO PCT/NO1995/000029 patent/WO1995024508A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109154030A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-01-04 | 埃尔凯姆公司 | Grey cast-iron inovulant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO940819D0 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
| NO179079C (en) | 1996-07-31 |
| WO1995024508A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| NO940819L (en) | 1995-09-11 |
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