NO174347B - Procedure for Decelerating Sutrated Viscosity Increase Rate for a Lubricant System for a Diesel Engine Exposed to Soot Construction - Google Patents
Procedure for Decelerating Sutrated Viscosity Increase Rate for a Lubricant System for a Diesel Engine Exposed to Soot Construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO174347B NO174347B NO873690A NO873690A NO174347B NO 174347 B NO174347 B NO 174347B NO 873690 A NO873690 A NO 873690A NO 873690 A NO873690 A NO 873690A NO 174347 B NO174347 B NO 174347B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- metal
- acid
- acids
- oil
- Prior art date
Links
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- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIMODYJOEUHTAF-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dicyclohexyloxy-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1CCCCC1OP(=S)([S-])OC1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1OP(=S)([S-])OC1CCCCC1 NIMODYJOEUHTAF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OFCLICZRRNTIOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dioctoxy-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCCCC OFCLICZRRNTIOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n,n-dioctylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
- C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/146—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membeered aromatic rings having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/065—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing sulfur
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
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- C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
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- C10N2010/14—Group 7
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte for retardering av sotrelatert viskositetsøkningshastighet for et smøremiddelsystem for en dieselmotor som er utsatt for sotoppbygning. The present invention relates to a method for retarding soot-related viscosity increase rate for a lubricant system for a diesel engine which is exposed to soot build-up.
Smøremidler, spesielt smøremidler for dieselmotorer som benyttes ved operasjoner med lav hastighets- og høyt vrid-ningsmoment er beheftet med en oppbygning av viskositeten over tiden. Denne viskositetsoppbygningen manifesterer seg ved at smøremidlet i dieselmotoren begynner en gradvis viskositetsøkning og at hastigheten for viskositetsøkningen akselererer med tiden. Etterhvert vil viskositetsøkningen bli tilstrekkelig høy og oljestrømmen inne i motoren begren-ses . Lubricants, especially lubricants for diesel engines that are used in operations with low speed and high torque, are affected by a build-up of viscosity over time. This viscosity build-up manifests itself in the fact that the lubricant in the diesel engine begins a gradual viscosity increase and that the speed of the viscosity increase accelerates with time. Gradually, the increase in viscosity will become sufficiently high and the oil flow inside the engine will be restricted.
En andre faktor er at smøremidlet i oljetrauet gradvis fortykkes og blir utilgjengelig for smøring. Når det fortykkede smøremidlet ikke passerer oljepumpeinnløpet, oppstår maskinskade. A second factor is that the lubricant in the oil trough gradually thickens and becomes unavailable for lubrication. When the thickened lubricant does not pass the oil pump inlet, machine damage occurs.
Viskositetsoppbygningen kan følgelig føre til uakseptabel slitasje i motoren, spesielt i kaldt klima. Eovedteknikken som benyttes for å unngå skade ved for stor viskositetsoppbygning er å tappe av en liten mengden olje fra oljetrauet og observere viskositeten av smøremidlet. Problemet blir da å bestemme det korrekte intervallet for undersøkelse av oljetrauet. Ettersom hastigheten for endring av viskositeten akselererer, må intervallene for undersøkelse av smøre-middelviskositeten få mindre avstand for å sikre at motor-skade ikke finner sted. The viscosity build-up can consequently lead to unacceptable wear in the engine, especially in cold climates. The Eoved technique used to avoid damage due to excessive viscosity build-up is to drain a small amount of oil from the oil trough and observe the viscosity of the lubricant. The problem then becomes determining the correct interval for examining the oil trough. As the rate of viscosity change accelerates, the intervals for examining the lubricant viscosity must be shortened to ensure that engine damage does not occur.
Det er fastslått i en artikkel med tittelen, "Oil Thickening In the Mack T-7 Engine Test" av Covitch, Humphrey og Ripple, at forskjellige forbindelser kan tilsettes til et diesel-smøremiddel for å begrense oljefortykning. Artiklen av Covitch et al ble presentert ved SAE Fuels and lubricants meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 23. oktober, 1985. Artikkelen til Covitch et al beskriver at sot, som produseres som et ufullstendig forbrenningsprodukt i dieselmotorer, finner vei inn i smøreoljen. Nærværet av sot i veivkassen har vært forbundet med viskositetsøkning og akselerert viskositetsøkn-ing i smøremidlene. It is stated in a paper entitled, "Oil Thickening In the Mack T-7 Engine Test" by Covitch, Humphrey and Ripple, that various compounds can be added to a diesel lubricant to limit oil thickening. The paper by Covitch et al was presented at the SAE Fuels and lubricants meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma, October 23, 1985. The paper by Covitch et al describes that soot, which is produced as an incomplete combustion product in diesel engines, finds its way into the lubricating oil. The presence of soot in the crankcase has been associated with increased viscosity and accelerated viscosity increase in the lubricants.
Det er foreslått i US-patent nr. 4816038 at forskjellige metallkomplekser av Mannich-baser av overgangsmetaller kan anvendes i drivstoffer. Koch et al foreslår også at en Schiff-base kan innbefattes i preparatene. US-patent nr. 4664677 foreslår at blandinger av manganholdige salter og hydrokarbon-oppløslige kobberholdige salter kan anvendes som drivstoffadditiver for å redusere antennelsestemperaturen for partikkelformige utløp fra dieselmotorer. It is proposed in US Patent No. 4,816,038 that various metal complexes of Mannich bases of transition metals can be used in fuels. Koch et al also suggest that a Schiff base can be included in the preparations. US Patent No. 4,664,677 suggests that mixtures of manganese-containing salts and hydrocarbon-soluble copper-containing salts can be used as fuel additives to reduce the ignition temperature of particulate exhaust from diesel engines.
Dieselsmøremidler inneholdende alkalimetallsalter som additiver for å minimalisere uønskede viskositetsøkninger i dieselmotorer er beskrevet i australsk patent nr. 591710. Dette patentet beskriver videre dispersjonsmidler som er nyttige i smøremidler for dieselveivkasser. Overgangsmetall-holdige hydrokarbon-oppløslige preparater inneholdende askeløse dispersjonsmidler og fenoliske anti-oksydanter er beskrevet i australsk patent nr. 578726. Diesel lubricants containing alkali metal salts as additives to minimize undesirable viscosity increases in diesel engines are described in Australian Patent No. 591710. This patent further describes dispersants useful in diesel crankcase lubricants. Transition metal-containing hydrocarbon soluble compositions containing ashless dispersants and phenolic antioxidants are described in Australian Patent No. 578726.
US Reissue Patent nr. 29661 beskriver et forsøkspreparat innbefattende SAE nøytral raffinert olje inneholdende et suksinimid dispersjonsmiddel, kalsiumfenater og som en oksydasjonskatalysator, en oppløsning av metallnaftenater i kerosin, innbefattende kobber, jern, tinn, mangan og bly. Formålet med å innbefatte metallene i patentet er tilsynela-tende å raskt øke oksydasjonen av oljen som en del av en test for effektiviteten av det anvendte dispersjonsmidlet. US Reissue Patent No. 29661 describes an experimental preparation including SAE neutral refined oil containing a succinimide dispersant, calcium phenates and as an oxidation catalyst, a solution of metal naphthenates in kerosene, including copper, iron, tin, manganese and lead. The purpose of including the metals in the patent is apparently to rapidly increase the oxidation of the oil as part of a test for the effectiveness of the dispersant used.
US-PS 4529408 foreslår at kullforbrenning kan forbedres, askekorrosjon modifiseres, og forurensning og askeslagg-dannelse reduseres ved å innbefatte et metall i en mengde på få deler pr. 1000 med kull. Materialene foreslått i patentet innbefatter et element valgt fra gruppen bestående av mangandioksyd, jernoksyd, manganklumper, sand og blandinger derav. US-PS 4529408 suggests that coal combustion can be improved, ash corrosion modified, and pollution and ash slag formation reduced by including a metal in an amount of a few parts per 1000 with coal. The materials proposed in the patent include an element selected from the group consisting of manganese dioxide, iron oxide, manganese lumps, sand and mixtures thereof.
US-PS 4411774 angir at spillolje inneholder (i en konsentra-sjon på deler pr. million) forskjellige metaller innbefattende tinn, bly, kobber, aluminium, jern, krom, vanadium, molybden, bor og mangan. Spilloljen kan, ifølge patentet, også inneholde silisium, fosfor og eventuelt sølv. US-PS 4411774 states that waste oil contains (in a concentration of parts per million) various metals including tin, lead, copper, aluminium, iron, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, boron and manganese. The waste oil can, according to the patent, also contain silicon, phosphorus and possibly silver.
US-PS 4049562 foreslår at anti-oksydantaktiviteten av en olje kan undersøkes i nærvær av en oppløsning inneholdende naftenatene av kobber, jern, mangan, bly og krom. Det angis videre i patentet at denne fordelingen av metaller ventes å finnes i en brukt veivkasseolje fra en dieselmotor. US-PS 4049562 suggests that the antioxidant activity of an oil can be investigated in the presence of a solution containing the naphthenates of copper, iron, manganese, lead and chromium. It is further stated in the patent that this distribution of metals is expected to be found in a used crankcase oil from a diesel engine.
Forskjellige overgangsmetaller som oksydasjonsinhibitorer er beskrevet i US-PS 4122033. US-PS 3652616 beskriver drivstoff og smøremiddelpreparater inneholdende metaller, så som sink, mangan, krom, kobber, kobolt, vanadium, titan, molybden, sølv, kadmium, wolfram og kvikksølv. Anvendelsen av kobber som anti-oksydant i smøremidlet er beskrevet i EP-PS 0024146 (Colelough). Various transition metals as oxidation inhibitors are described in US-PS 4122033. US-PS 3652616 describes fuel and lubricant preparations containing metals such as zinc, manganese, chromium, copper, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, silver, cadmium, tungsten and mercury. The use of copper as an antioxidant in the lubricant is described in EP-PS 0024146 (Colelough).
Det er ved foreliggende oppfinnelse funnet at relativt små mengder av visse overgangsmetaller kan anvendes i en olje-oppløslig form i et dieselsmøremiddelpreparat for i vesentlig grad å redusere den sotrelaterte viskositetsøkningen og viskositetshastighetsøkningen (akselerasjonen). Preparatene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er spesielt effektive i dieseloljer som er utsatt for rask viskositetsoppbygning. It has been found in the present invention that relatively small amounts of certain transition metals can be used in an oil-soluble form in a diesel lubricant preparation to significantly reduce the soot-related viscosity increase and the viscosity rate increase (acceleration). The preparations according to the present invention are particularly effective in diesel oils which are subject to rapid viscosity build-up.
Ved foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringes det en fremgangsmåte for retardering av sotrelatert viskositetsøkningshastig-het for et smøremiddelsystem for en dieselmotor som er utsatt for sotoppbygning, som er kjennetegnet ved innføring i et smøremiddel av et hydrokarbonoppløselig metallkarboksylat hvor metallet velges fra mangan, titan og kobolt, og blandinger derav, og hvor metallkarboksylatet er tilstede som et metall i en mengde på 30-500 ppm. The present invention provides a method for retarding soot-related viscosity increase rate for a lubricant system for a diesel engine which is subject to soot build-up, which is characterized by the introduction into a lubricant of a hydrocarbon-soluble metal carboxylate wherein the metal is selected from manganese, titanium and cobalt, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the metal carboxylate is present as a metal in an amount of 30-500 ppm.
Gjennom den følgende beskrivelsen og kravene er prosentangiv-elser og forhold uttrykt ved vekt, temperaturer er i °C og trykk i kPa manometertrykk, med mindre annet er angitt. I den grad de siterte referansene i foreliggende søknad kan anvendes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er de innbefattet heri som referanser. Throughout the following description and requirements, percentages and ratios are expressed by weight, temperatures are in °C and pressure in kPa manometer pressure, unless otherwise stated. To the extent that the cited references in the present application can be used in the present invention, they are included herein as references.
Karboksylsyrene som inngår i metallkarboksylatene kan være mono- eller polykarboksylsyrer. Av sistnevnte er det typisk di- eller tri-karboksylsyrer. The carboxylic acids included in the metal carboxylates can be mono- or polycarboxylic acids. Of the latter, they are typically di- or tri-carboxylic acids.
Monokarboksylsyrer innbefatter C1- 7 lavere syrer (eddiksyre, propionsyre, osv.) og høyere Cg+syrer (f.eks. oktansyre, dekansyre, osv.) så vel som fettsyrene på 12-30 karbonatomer. Neo-syrene så som neooktan og neodekansyre o.l. er også nyttige. Monocarboxylic acids include C1-7 lower acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, etc.) and higher Cg+ acids (eg, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, etc.) as well as the fatty acids of 12-30 carbon atoms. The neo-acids such as neooctane and neodecanoic acid etc. are also useful.
Fettsyrene er ofte blandinger av rette og forgrenede syrer inneholdende f.eks. fra 5$ til 30$ rettkjedede syrer og 70 til 95$ (mol-#) syrer med forgrenet kjede. Andre kommersielt tilgjengelige fettsyreblandinger inneholdende mye høyere blandinger av syrer med rett kjede er også nyttige. Blandinger fremstilt ved dimerisering av umettede fettsyrer kan også anvendes. The fatty acids are often mixtures of straight and branched acids containing e.g. from 5$ to 30$ straight chain acids and 70 to 95$ (mol-#) branched chain acids. Other commercially available fatty acid mixtures containing much higher mixtures of straight chain acids are also useful. Mixtures produced by dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids can also be used.
Høyere karboksylsyrer innbefatter de velkjente dikarboksyl-syrene fremstilt ved alkylering av maleinsyreanhydrid eller dens derivater. Produktene av slike reaksjoner er hydrokarbon-substituerte ravsyrer, anhydrider o.l. Dikarboksylsyrer av lavere molekylvekt, så som polymetylen-brodannende syrer (glutarsyre, adipinsyre o.l.) kan også anvendes for å fremstille saltene som anvendes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, så vel som de substituerte ravsyrene av lavere molekylvekt, så som tetrapropenylravsyre og dens analoger på inntil C30substituerte syrer. Higher carboxylic acids include the well-known dicarboxylic acids prepared by alkylation of maleic anhydride or its derivatives. The products of such reactions are hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids, anhydrides, etc. Dicarboxylic acids of lower molecular weight, such as polymethylene-bridge-forming acids (glutaric acid, adipic acid, etc.) can also be used to prepare the salts used according to the present invention, as well as the substituted succinic acids of lower molecular weight, such as tetrapropenyl succinic acid and its analogues of up to C30 substituted acids .
Høyere molekylvekt-substituerte ravsyreanhydrider, syrer og analoger som er nyttige ved fremstilling av saltene som anvendes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er beskrevet i et antall patenter, spesielt de som vedrører acylerte forbindelser som er nyttige som dispersjonsmidler. Typiske syrer av høy molekylvekt er de som fremstilles ved omsetning av en poly(isobuten)fraksjon inneholdende mellom 30 og 400 (vanligvis 50-250) karbonatomer med maleinsyreanhydrid. Slike materialer er beskrevet i US-PS 3172892, 3219666, og 3272746. Andre monokarboksylsyrer av lignende molekylvekt kan fremstilles ved alkylering av akrylsyre og dens analoger. Blandinger av slike syrer kan også benyttes. Higher molecular weight substituted succinic anhydrides, acids and analogs useful in the preparation of the salts used in the present invention are described in a number of patents, particularly those relating to acylated compounds useful as dispersants. Typical acids of high molecular weight are those produced by reacting a poly(isobutene) fraction containing between 30 and 400 (usually 50-250) carbon atoms with maleic anhydride. Such materials are described in US-PS 3172892, 3219666, and 3272746. Other monocarboxylic acids of similar molecular weight can be prepared by alkylation of acrylic acid and its analogs. Mixtures of such acids can also be used.
Nyttige metalliske forbindelser for anvendelse ved foreliggende oppfinnelse kan også fremstilles fra karboksylsyrer og også sure hydroksyforbindelser så som alkylerte fenoler. Slike materialer er beskrevet i US-PS 4100082, se spesielt kolonnene 15-17. Useful metallic compounds for use in the present invention can also be prepared from carboxylic acids and also acidic hydroxy compounds such as alkylated phenols. Such materials are described in US-PS 4100082, see especially columns 15-17.
Saltene fremstilt fra karboksylsyrene kan fremstilles ved omsetning av karboksylsyren med metallet, fortrinnsvis mangan, som f.eks. mangarioksyd, manganhydroksyd, mangankarbo-nat, kobber(II)oksyd, kobber(II)hydroksyd og kobber(II karbo-nat . The salts produced from the carboxylic acids can be produced by reacting the carboxylic acid with the metal, preferably manganese, which e.g. manganese oxide, manganese hydroxide, manganese carbonate, copper (II) oxide, copper (II) hydroxide and copper (II) carbonate.
En spesielt foretrukket fremgangsmåte for å oppnå den metalliske forbindelsen er som de overbasede saltene. Overbasede salter er de salter av organiske syrer som inneholder mer enn tilstrekkelig metall til å nøytralisere syren som er tilstede. Med andre ord inneholder de mer enn en ekvivalent metall pr. ekvivalent syreavledet enhet. Slike salter er kjente innen teknikken. For beskrivelser av overbasing generelt se, f.eks., US-PS 3827979; US-PS 3312618; US-PS 2616904 og 2616905; US-PS 2595790 og US-PS 3725441. For spesifike beskrivelser av overbasede mangan- og kobber-salter av organiske syrer, se US-patentene 2695910 og 4162986. A particularly preferred method of obtaining the metallic compound is as the overbased salts. Overbased salts are those salts of organic acids that contain more than sufficient metal to neutralize the acid present. In other words, they contain more than one equivalent metal per equivalent acid derived unit. Such salts are known in the art. For descriptions of overbasing in general see, e.g., US-PS 3827979; US-PS 3312618; US-PS 2616904 and 2616905; US-PS 2595790 and US-PS 3725441. For specific descriptions of overbased manganese and copper salts of organic acids, see US patents 2695910 and 4162986.
Som angitt vedrører foreliggende oppfinnelse mangansalter av karboksylsyrer som er hydrokarbon-oppløslige. Sterkt overbasede manganmetallorganiske preparater innbefatter et manganoksyd-hydroksyd-karboksylatkompleks hvori metall innhol-det er kjemisk kombinasjon delvis med oksygen i en flerkjer-net metalloksydkrystallittkjerne og delvis med minst to forskjellige monokarboksylsyrer. Se f.eks. US-PS 4191658. As indicated, the present invention relates to manganese salts of carboxylic acids which are hydrocarbon-soluble. Strongly overbased manganese metalorganic preparations include a manganese oxide-hydroxide-carboxylate complex in which the metal content is chemically combined partly with oxygen in a multi-nuclear metal oxide crystallite core and partly with at least two different monocarboxylic acids. See e.g. US-PS 4191658.
Preparatene som anvendes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er hydrokarbonoppløslige. Slik den benyttes i foreliggende beskrivelse og de følgende kravene skal betegnelsen "hydro-karbonoppløslig" bety at preparatene er oppløslige eller stabilt dispergerbare i normalt flytende hydrokarboner. Betegnelsen "stabilte dispergerbare" slik den benyttes i foreliggende beskrivelse og de følgende kravene skal bety at preparatet er i stand til å dispergeres i smøremidlet i et omfang som tillater det å fungere på den planlagte måten. Følgelig er f.eks. et preparat hydrokarbonoppløslig dersom det er i stand til å suspenderes i en smøreolje på en måte som gjør det mulig for oljen å fungere som et smøremiddel. The preparations used in the present invention are hydrocarbon soluble. As used in the present description and the following requirements, the term "hydrocarbon soluble" shall mean that the preparations are soluble or stably dispersible in normally liquid hydrocarbons. The term "stable dispersible" as used in the present description and the following requirements shall mean that the preparation is capable of being dispersed in the lubricant to an extent which allows it to function in the intended manner. Consequently, e.g. a preparation hydrocarbon soluble if it is capable of being suspended in a lubricating oil in a manner that enables the oil to act as a lubricant.
Kombinasjonen av oljen, den metalliske forbindelsen og dispersjonsmidlet kan bevirkes på en hvilken som helst hensiktsmessig måte. Når både kobber og mangan anvendes foretrekkes et forhold på 0,05 opp til 23 g-atom, fortrinnsvis fra 2 til 23 og, mer foretrukket, fra 4 til 20 g-atom mangan for hvert g-atom kobber i preparatet. Blandinger av mangan og titan, mangan og kobolt, og titan og kobolt kan også benyttes. Foreslåtte metallmolforhold for de foregående binære kombinasjonene er 15:1 til 1:15, fortrinnsvis 10:1 til 1:10 mellom det første metallet og det andre metallet. The combination of the oil, the metallic compound and the dispersant can be effected in any convenient manner. When both copper and manganese are used, a ratio of 0.05 up to 23 g atoms, preferably from 2 to 23 and, more preferably, from 4 to 20 g atoms of manganese for each g atom of copper in the preparation is preferred. Mixtures of manganese and titanium, manganese and cobalt, and titanium and cobalt can also be used. Suggested metal mole ratios for the foregoing binary combinations are 15:1 to 1:15, preferably 10:1 to 1:10 between the first metal and the second metal.
I forbindelse med fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan det også anvendes andre additiver. Slike additiver innbefatter, f.eks., rensemidler og dispersjonsmidler av den askeproduserende eller askeløse typen. In connection with the method according to the invention, other additives can also be used. Such additives include, for example, cleaning agents and dispersants of the ash-producing or ashless type.
De askeproduserende rensemidlene kan eksemplifiseres ved oljeoppløslige nøytrale og basiske salter av alkali- eller jordalkalimetaller med sulfonsyrer, karboksylsyrer, eller organiske fosforsyrer kjennetegnet ved minst en direkte karbon-til-fosforbinding, så som de som fremstilles ved behandlingen av en olefinpolymer (f.eks. polyisobuten som har en molekylvekt på 1 000) med et f osf oriseringsmiddel så som fosfortriklorid, fosforheptasulfid, fosforpentasulfid, fosfortriklorid og svovel, hvitt fosfor og et svovelhaloge-nid, eller fosforotioinklorid. De vanligst benyttede saltene av slike syrer er saltene av natrium, kalium, litium, kalsium, magnesium, strontium og barium. The ash-producing cleaning agents can be exemplified by oil-soluble neutral and basic salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals with sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, or organic phosphoric acids characterized by at least one direct carbon-to-phosphorus bond, such as those produced by the processing of an olefin polymer (e.g. polyisobutene having a molecular weight of 1,000) with a phosphorizing agent such as phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus heptasulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus trichloride and sulfur, white phosphorus and a sulfur halide, or phosphorothioine chloride. The most commonly used salts of such acids are the salts of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium.
Betegnelsen "basisk salt" benyttes for å betegne metallsalter hvori metallet er til stede i støkiometrisk større mengder enn den organiske syreresten. De vanlige anvendte fremgangsmåtene for fremstilling av de basiske saltene innbefatter oppvarming av en mineralol jeoppløsning av en syre med et støkiometrisk overskudd av et metallnøytraliseringsmiddel så som metalloksydet, hydroksydet, karbonatet, bikarbonatet eller sulfidet ved en temperatur på ca. 50°C og filtrering av den resulterende massen. The term "basic salt" is used to denote metal salts in which the metal is present in stoichiometrically greater amounts than the organic acid residue. The commonly used methods for preparing the basic salts include heating a mineral oil solution of an acid with a stoichiometric excess of a metal neutralizing agent such as the metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate or sulfide at a temperature of about 50°C and filtering the resulting mass.
Anvendelsen av en "promotor" i nøytral iseringstrinnet for å lette inkorporeringen av et stort overskudd av metall er også kjent. Eksempler på forbindelser som er nyttige som promotor innbefatter fenoliske stoffer så som fenol, naftol, alkylfenol, tiofenol, forsvovlet alkylfenol, og kondensasjonspro-dukter av formaldehyd med et fenolisk stoff; alkoholer så som metanol, 2-propanol, oktylalkohol, cellosolve, karbitol, etylenglycol, stearylalkohol, og cykloheksylalkohol, og aminer så som anilin, fenylendiamin, fenotiazin, fenyl-p<->naftylamin og dodecylamin. En spesielt effektiv fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av de basiske saltene innbefatter blanding av en syre med et overskudd av et basisk jordalkali-metallnøytraliseringsmiddel og minst en alkoholpromotor og karbonisering av blandingen ved en forhøyet temperatur, så som 60-20C<T>C. The use of a "promoter" in the neutralization step to facilitate the incorporation of a large excess of metal is also known. Examples of compounds useful as a promoter include phenolic substances such as phenol, naphthol, alkylphenol, thiophenol, sulfurized alkylphenol, and condensation products of formaldehyde with a phenolic substance; alcohols such as methanol, 2-propanol, octyl alcohol, cellosolve, carbitol, ethylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, and cyclohexyl alcohol, and amines such as aniline, phenylenediamine, phenothiazine, phenyl-p<->naphthylamine, and dodecylamine. A particularly effective method of preparing the basic salts involves mixing an acid with an excess of a basic alkaline earth metal neutralizing agent and at least one alcohol promoter and carbonizing the mixture at an elevated temperature, such as 60-20C<T>C.
Askeløse rensemidler og dispersjonsmidler betegnes på denne måten på tross av det faktum at rensemidlet, avhengig av dets sammensetning, ved forbrenning kan gi et ikke-flyktig materiale så som boroksyd eller fosforpentoksyd; imidlertid inneholder det vanligvis ikke metall og gir derfor ikke en metallholdig aske ved forbrenning. Mange typer er kjente innen teknikken, og et hvilket som helst av disse er egnede for anvendelse i smøremiddelpreparatene i forbindelse med foreliggende oppfinnelse. De følgende er illustrerende: (1) Reaksjonsprodukter av karboksylsyrer (eller derivater derav) inneholdende minst 30 og fortrinnsvis ca. 50 karbonatomer med nitrogenholdige forbindelser så som amin, organiske hydroksyforbindelser så som fenoler eller alkoholer, og/eller basiske uorganiske materialer. Eksempler på disse "karboksyldispersjonsmidlene", er beskrevet i GB-PS 1,306,529 og i mange US-patenter innbefattende følgende: Patent: 3163603 - 3184474 - 3215707 - 3219666 - 3271310-3272746 - 3281357 - 3306908 - 3311558 - 3316177 - 3340281 - 3341542 - 3346493 - 3351551 - 3381022 - 3399141 - 3415750 - 3433744 - 3444170 - 3448048 - 3448049 - 3451933 - 3454607 - 3467668 - 3501405 - 3522179 - 3541012 - 3542680 - 3543678 - 3567637 - 3574101 - 3576743 - 3630904 - 3632510 - 3632511 - 3697428 - 3725441 - 4234435 - Re 26433 (2) Reaksjonsprodukter av alifatiske eller alicykliske halogenider av relativt høy molekylvekt med aminer, fortrinnsvis polyalkylenpolyaminer. Disse kan karakteriseres som "amindispersjonsmidler" og eksempler på slike er beskrevet, f.eks., i følgende US-patenter: Patent: 3275554 - 3438757 - 3454555 - 565804 (3) Reaksjonsprodukter av alkylfenoler hvori alkylgruppen inneholder minst 30 karbonatomer med aldehyder (spesielt formaldehyd) og aminer (polyalkylenpolyaminer), som kan karakteriseres som "Mannich dispersjonsmidler". Materialene beskrevet ifølgende US-patenter er illustrerende: Patent: 2459112 - 2962442 - 2984550 - 3036003 - 3166516-3236770 - 3355270 - 3368972 - 3413347 - 3442808 - 3448047-3454497 - 3459661 - 3461172 - 3493520 - 3539633 - 3 5 5 87 4 3-3586629 - 3591598 - 3600372 - 3634515 - 3649229 - 3697574 - 3725277 - 3725480 - 3726882 - 3980569 (4) Produkter oppnådd ved etterbehandling av karboksyl-, amin- eller Mannich dispersjonsmidlene med slike reagenser som urea, tiourea, karbondisulfid, aldehyder, ketoner, karboksylsyrer, hydrokarbon-substituerte ravsyreanhydrider, nitriler, epoksyder, borforbindelser, fosforforbindelser e.l. Eksempler på materialer av denne typen er beskrevet i de følgende US-patentene: Patent: 3036003 - 3087936 - 3200107 - 3216936 - 3254025-3256185 - 3278550 - 3280234 - 3281428 - 3282955 - 3312619-3366569 - 3367943 - 3373111 - 3403102 - 3442808 - 3455831-3455832 - 3493520 - 3502677 - 3513093 - 3533945 - 3 5 3 9 6 33-3573010 - 3579450 - 3591598 - 3600372 - 3639242 - 3649229-3649659 - 3658836 - 3697574 - 3702757 - 3703536 - 3704308-3708422 (5) Interpolymerer av olje-oppløsliggjørende monomerer så som decylmetakrylat, vinyldecyleter og olefiner av høy molekylvekt med monomerer inneholdende polare substituenter, f.eks. aminoalkylakrylater eller akrylamider og poly-(oksy-etylen )-substituerte akrylater. Disse kan karakteriseres som "polymere dispersjonsmidler" og eksempler på slike er beskrevet i de følgende US-patentene. Ashless cleaning agents and dispersants are designated in this way despite the fact that, depending on its composition, the cleaning agent may, on combustion, give a non-volatile material such as boron oxide or phosphorus pentoxide; however, it usually does not contain metal and therefore does not produce a metal-containing ash when burned. Many types are known in the art, and any of these are suitable for use in the lubricant preparations in connection with the present invention. The following are illustrative: (1) Reaction products of carboxylic acids (or derivatives thereof) containing at least 30 and preferably approx. 50 carbon atoms with nitrogen-containing compounds such as amine, organic hydroxy compounds such as phenols or alcohols, and/or basic inorganic materials. Examples of these "carboxulge dispersion agents" are described in GB -PS 1.306.529 and in many US patents include the following: Patent: 3163603 - 3184474 - 3215707 - 321966 - 3271551551515151515151515151515151515151515515515515515515515515, 3271151551551551551551551551515515151515, 3271111111. - 3351551 - 3381022 - 3399141 - 3415750 - 3433744 - 3444170 - 3448048 - 3448049 - 3451933 - 3454607 - 3467668 - 3501405 - 3522179 - 3541012 - 3542680 - 3543678 - 3567637 - 3574101 - 3576743 - 3630904 - 3632510 - 3632511 - 3697428 - 3725441 - 4234435 - Re 26433 (2) Reaction products of relatively high molecular weight aliphatic or alicyclic halides with amines, preferably polyalkylene polyamines. These can be characterized as "amine dispersants" and examples of such are described, for example, in the following US patents: Patent: 3275554 - 3438757 - 3454555 - 565804 (3) Reaction products of alkylphenols in which the alkyl group contains at least 30 carbon atoms with aldehydes (in particular formaldehyde) and amines (polyalkylene polyamines), which can be characterized as "Mannich dispersants". Materialene beskrevet ifølgende US-patenter er illustrerende: Patent: 2459112 - 2962442 - 2984550 - 3036003 - 3166516-3236770 - 3355270 - 3368972 - 3413347 - 3442808 - 3448047-3454497 - 3459661 - 3461172 - 3493520 - 3539633 - 3 5 5 87 4 3- 3586629 - 3591598 - 3600372 - 3634515 - 3649229 - 3697574 - 3725277 - 3725480 - 3726882 - 3980569 (4) Products obtained by post-treatment of the carboxyl, amine or Mannich dispersants with such reagents as urea, thiourea, ketones, carboxylic acids, carboxylic disulphide , hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, phosphorus compounds, etc. Eksempler på materialer av denne typen er beskrevet i de følgende US-patentene: Patent: 3036003 - 3087936 - 3200107 - 3216936 - 3254025-3256185 - 3278550 - 3280234 - 3281428 - 3282955 - 3312619-3366569 - 3367943 - 3373111 - 3403102 - 3442808 - 3455831 -3455832 - 3493520 - 3502677 - 3513093 - 3533945 - 3 5 3 9 6 33-3573010 - 3579450 - 3591598 - 3600372 - 3639242 - 3649229-3649659 - 3658836 - 3697574 - 3702757 - 3703536 - 3704308-3708422 (5) Interpolymerer av olje- solubilizing monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substituents, e.g. aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides and poly-(oxy-ethylene)-substituted acrylates. These can be characterized as "polymeric dispersants" and examples of such are described in the following US patents.
Patent: 3329658 - 3449250 - 3519565 - 3666730 - 3687849-3702300 Patent: 3329658 - 3449250 - 3519565 - 3666730 - 3687849-3702300
Som tidligere nevnt er preparatene som anvendes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse nyttige som additiver for diesel-smøremidler. Generelt innbefatter disse smøremiddelpre-paratene en hovedmengde av en olje av smørende viskositet og en mindre mengde av mangan- eller annen metallisk forbindelse ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. As previously mentioned, the preparations used according to the present invention are useful as additives for diesel lubricants. In general, these lubricant preparations include a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of manganese or other metallic compound according to the present invention.
Betegnelsen "mindre mengde" slik den benyttes i foreliggende beskrivelse og krav er ment å bety at når et preparat inneholder en "mindre mengde" av et spesifikt materiale er denne mengden mindre enn 50 vekt-# av sammensetningen. The term "minor amount" as used in the present description and claims is intended to mean that when a preparation contains a "minor amount" of a specific material, this amount is less than 50% by weight of the composition.
Betegnelsen "hovedmengde" slik den benyttes i foreliggende beskrivelse og krav skal bety at når et preparat inneholder en "hovedmengde" av et spesifikt materiale er denne mengden større enn 5 0 vekt-# av sammensetningen. The term "main amount" as used in the present description and claims shall mean that when a preparation contains a "main amount" of a specific material, this amount is greater than 50% by weight of the composition.
Typisk er mengden av den metalliske forbindelsen i smøreoljen i preparatene som anvendes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse slik at de behandlede smøremiddelpreparatene inneholder metaller tilstede i en mengde på 30 ppm til 500 ppm, fortrinnsvis 35 ppm til 350 ppm, og mest foretrukket 40 ppm til 150 ppm, beregnet på basis av vekten av preparatet. Typically, the amount of the metallic compound in the lubricating oil in the preparations used according to the present invention is such that the treated lubricant preparations contain metals present in an amount of 30 ppm to 500 ppm, preferably 35 ppm to 350 ppm, and most preferably 40 ppm to 150 ppm, calculated on the basis of the weight of the preparation.
Oljen av smørende viskositet som anvendes ved fremstillingen av dieselsmøremidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan være basert på naturlige oljer, syntetiske oljer eller blandinger derav. The oil of lubricating viscosity used in the production of the diesel lubricants according to the invention can be based on natural oils, synthetic oils or mixtures thereof.
Naturlige oljer innbefatter animalske oljer og vegetabilske oljer (f.eks. risinusolje, spekkolje) så vel som mineral-smøreoljer så som flytende petroleumoljer og oppløsnings- middel-behandlede eller syre-behandlede mineralsmøreoljer av de paraffiniske, nafteniske eller blandede paraffinisk-nafteniske typene. Oljer av smørende viskositet avledet fra kull eller skifer er også nyttige. Syntetiske smøreoljer innbefattende hydrokarbonoljer og halogensubstituerte hydrokarbonoljer, så som polymeriserte og interpolymeriserte olefiner (f.eks. polybutylener, polypyropylener, propylen-isobutylen kopolymerer, klorerte polybutylener, osv.); poly(1)heksener, poly(1)oktener, poly(1-decener ), osv. og blandinger derav; alkylbenzener (f.eks. dodecylbenzener, tetradecylbenzener, dinonylbenzener, di-(2-etylheksyl)-benzener, osv.); polyfenyler (f.eks. bifenyler, terfenyler, alkylerte polyfenyler, osv.); alkylerte difenyletere og alkylerte difenylsulfider og derivater, analoger og homologer derav o.l. Natural oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (eg castor oil, lard oil) as well as mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful. Synthetic lubricating oils including hydrocarbon oils and halogen-substituted hydrocarbon oils, such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (eg, polybutylenes, polypyropropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, etc.); poly(1)hexenes, poly(1)octenes, poly(1-decenes), etc. and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (eg, dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, etc.); polyphenyls (eg, biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulphides and derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof, etc.
Alkylenoksydpolymerer og interpolymerer og derivater derav hvor de terminale hydroksylgruppene er modifiserte ved forestring, foretring, osv., utgjør en annen klasse av kjente syntetiske smøreoljer som kan benyttes. Disse kan eksemplifiseres ved oljene fremstilt ved polymerisasjon av etylenok-syd eller propylenoksyd, alkyl- og aryletere av disse polyoksyalkylenpolymerene (f.eks. metylpolyisopropylenglykol-eter med en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt på ca. 1000, difenyl-eter av polyetylenglykol med en molekylvekt på 500-1000, dietyleter av polypropylenglykol med en molekylvekt på 1000-1500) eller mono- og polykarboksylsyreestere derav, f.eks. eddiksyreestere, blandede C3~Cg fettsyreestere, eller 0^3-oksosyrediesteren av tetraetylenglykol. Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups are modified by esterification, etherification, etc., constitute another class of known synthetic lubricating oils which can be used. These can be exemplified by the oils produced by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g. methyl polyisopropylene glycol ether with an average molecular weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 500 1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000-1500) or mono- and polycarboxylic acid esters thereof, e.g. acetic acid esters, mixed C3~Cg fatty acid esters, or the 0^3-oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
En annen egnet klasse av syntetiske smøreoljer som kan anvendes innbefatter esterne av dikarboksylsyrer (f.eks. ftalsyre, ravsyre, alkylravsyrer, alkenylravsyrer, malein-syre, azelainsyre, suberinsyre, sebasinsyre, fumarsyre, adipinsyre, linoleinsyredimer, malonsyre, alkylmalonsyrer, alkenylmalonsyrer, osv.) med en rekke alkoholer (f.eks. butylalkohol, heksylalkohol, dodecylalkohol, 2-etylheksylalk- hol, etylenglykol, dietylenglykol, monoeter, propylenglykol, osv.) spesifikke eksempler på disse esterne innbefatter dibytyladipat, di(2-etylheksyl)sebakat, di-n-heksylfumarat, dioktylsebakat, diisooktylacelat, diisodecylacelat, dioktyl-ftalat, didecylftalat, dieikosylsebakat, 2-etylheksyldieste-ren av 1inoleinsyredimer, kompleksesteren dannet ved omsetning av 1 mol av sebasinsyre med 2 mol tetraetylenglykol og 2 mol 2-etylheksansyre o.l. Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils which may be used include the esters of dicarboxylic acids (eg, phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkylsuccinic acids, alkenylsuccinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acids, alkenylmalonic acids, etc. .) with a variety of alcohols (eg, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monoether, propylene glycol, etc.) specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl acelate, diisodecyl acelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, 2-ethylhexyl diester of 1-inoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reaction of 1 mol of sebacic acid with 2 mol of tetraethylene glycol and 2 mol of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, etc.
Estere som er nyttige som syntetiske oljer innbefatter også de som er fremstilt fra C5til C^2monokarboksyl syrer og polyoler og polyoletere så som neopentylglycol, trimetylol-propan, pentaerytritol, dipentaerytritol, tripentaeryritol, osv. Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those prepared from C 5 to C 2 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc.
Silisium-baserte oljer så som polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalk-oksy-, eller polyaryloksy-siloksanoljer og silikatoljer utgjør en annen nyttig klasse av syntetiske smøremidler (f.eks. tetraetylsilikat, tetraisopropylsilikat, tetra-(2-etylheksyl)silikat, tetra-(4-metylheksyl)-silikat, tetra-(p-tert-butylfenyl)silikat, heksyl-(4-metyl-2-pentoksy)disilok-san, poly(metyl )siloksaner, poly(metylfenyl)siloksaner, osv.). Andre syntetiske smøreoljer innbefatter flytende estere av fosforholdige syrer (f.eks. trikresylfosfat, trioktylfosfat, dietylester av dekanfosfonsyre, osv.), polymere tetrahydrofuraner o.l. Silicon-based oils such as polyalkyl, polyaryl, polyalkyloxy, or polyaryloxysiloxane oils and silicate oils constitute another useful class of synthetic lubricants (eg, tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra -(4-methylhexyl)-silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butylphenyl)silicate, hexyl-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)disiloxane, poly(methyl)siloxanes, poly(methylphenyl)siloxanes, etc.) . Other synthetic lubricating oils include liquid esters of phosphorous acids (eg, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decanephosphonic acid, etc.), polymeric tetrahydrofurans, and the like.
Uraffinerte, raffinerte eller reraffinerte oljer, enten naturlige eller syntetiske, så vel som blandinger av to eller flere av hvilke som helst av disse, av typen beskrevet ovenfor kan benyttes i konsentratene som anvendes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse. Uraffinerte oljer er de som oppnås direkte fra en naturlig eller syntetisk kilde uten ytterligere rensebehandling. For eksempel er en skiferolje oppnådd direkte fra retorte operasjoner, en petroleumsolje oppnådd direkte fra primær destillasjon eller esterolje oppnådd direkte fra en f orestringsprosess og som "benyttes uten ytterligere behandling, en uraffinert olje. Unrefined, refined or re-refined oils, either natural or synthetic, as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these, of the type described above can be used in the concentrates used in the present invention. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained directly from retort operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation or an ester oil obtained directly from a f esterification process and which is "used without further treatment" is an unrefined oil.
Raffinerte oljer tilsvarer de uraffinerte oljene, bortsett fra at de er behandlet ytterligere i et eller flere rense-trinn for å forbedre en eller flere egenskaper. Mange slike renseteknikker er kjente for fagmannen, så som oppløsnings-middelekstraksjon, sekundær destillasjon, hydrobehandling, hydrospaltning, syre- eller baseekstraksjon, filtrering, perkolering, osv. Refined oils are equivalent to the unrefined oils, except that they have been further processed in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques are known to those skilled in the art, such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, etc.
Reraffinerte oljer oppnås ved fremgangsmåter svarende til de som benyttes for å oppnå raffinerte oljer, anvendt på raffinerte oljer som allerede har vært benyttet i drift. Slike reraffinerte oljer betegnes også resirkulerte eller reprosederte oljer og behandles også ofte i tillegg ved teknikker som er rettet mot fjernelse av bruke additiver og olj enedbrytningsprodukter. Re-refined oils are obtained by methods similar to those used to obtain refined oils, applied to refined oils that have already been used in operation. Such re-refined oils are also referred to as recycled or reprocessed oils and are also often treated in addition by techniques aimed at removing used additives and oil degradation products.
Mest foretrukket er oljen som anvendes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse en petroleums-avledet olje. Tilfeldigvis finnes de største virkningene av de forskjellige metallene som her benyttes i petroleums-avledede oljer. Most preferably, the oil used in the present invention is a petroleum-derived oil. Coincidentally, the greatest effects of the various metals used here are found in petroleum-derived oils.
Virkningen av den sotrelaterte viskositetsøkningen og viskositetshastighetsøkningen på smøremidlet kan retarderes ved periodisk å tilsette en del nytt smøremiddel behandlet med metallene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Følgelig kan et innledningsvis ubehandlet (metall) smøremiddel nyte godt av fordelene ved foreliggende oppfinnelse ved å anvende et behandlet smøremiddel som erstatning mellom oljeskift. Den metalliske forbindelsen kan også tilsettes til veivkassen i nærvær av en fortynnende olje hvori den metalliske forbindelsen er tilstede i et 1 til 25 gangers overskudd (som metallet) sammenlignet med mengden som normalt finnes i oljen. På denne måten bringes en dieselveivkasse som inneholder 20 til 25 liter ubehandlet olje, opp til det korrekte nivået for metallisk forbindelse ved å tilsette så lite som 1 liter additiv. The effect of the soot-related viscosity increase and viscosity rate increase on the lubricant can be retarded by periodically adding some new lubricant treated with the metals according to the present invention. Accordingly, an initially untreated (metallic) lubricant can benefit from the advantages of the present invention by using a treated lubricant as a replacement between oil changes. The metallic compound may also be added to the crankcase in the presence of a diluting oil in which the metallic compound is present in a 1 to 25 times excess (as the metal) compared to the amount normally found in the oil. In this way, a diesel crankcase containing 20 to 25 liters of untreated oil is brought up to the correct level of metallic compound by adding as little as 1 liter of additive.
Smøremiddeloljen anvendes typisk i oppfinnelsen i en mengde på 75 til 99,5 vekt-# av preparatet, fortrinnsvis 80 til 99 vekt-$é. De fortynnende oljene (smøremidlene) tilstede som forskjellige additiver er innbefattet i de ovenfor nevnte mengdene. Dispersjonsmidlet som omtalt ovenfor anvendes hensiktsmessig ved 0,05 til 20 vekt-#, fortrinnsvis 0,1 til 15 vekt-# av preparatet. The lubricant oil is typically used in the invention in an amount of 75 to 99.5% by weight of the preparation, preferably 80 to 99% by weight. The diluting oils (lubricants) present as various additives are included in the above-mentioned amounts. The dispersing agent mentioned above is suitably used at 0.05 to 20 wt-#, preferably 0.1 to 15 wt-# of the preparation.
Dieselsmørepreparatene som anvendes ved oppfinnelsen er i det vesentlige frie for bly, jern, aluminium eller tinn i enhver form. Fraværet av de tidligere nevnte metallene er ønskelig fordi de er slitasjemetaller, eller materialer som normalt utgjør en del av motoren. Nærværet av slitasjemetaller fastslått ved analyse indikerer vanligvis et problem med slitasje i motoren. Følgelig er slitasjemetaller fortrinnsvis ikke innbefattet i et smøremiddel ettersom disse materialene reduserer påliteligheten av de analytiske fremgangsmåtene som anvendes for å detektere slitasje. Metallene som er beskrevet som lite ønskelige har også evnen til å virke som oksydasjonskatalysatorer, hvilket kan result-ere i oljeoksydasjon som krever hyppige oljeskift. The diesel lubricant preparations used in the invention are essentially free of lead, iron, aluminum or tin in any form. The absence of the previously mentioned metals is desirable because they are wear metals, or materials that normally form part of the engine. The presence of wear metals determined by analysis usually indicates a problem with wear in the engine. Accordingly, wear metals are preferably not included in a lubricant as these materials reduce the reliability of the analytical methods used to detect wear. The metals that are described as not desirable also have the ability to act as oxidation catalysts, which can result in oil oxidation that requires frequent oil changes.
Det samlede basetallet for dieselsmøremidlet er typisk mellom 0 og 25, fortrinnsvis mellom 1 og 5. Det samlede basetallet indikerer at smøremidlet er i stand til å tåle endringer mot syreoppbygning. Syreoppbygning forårsaker forøket korrosjon og et høyere basetall representerer resistens mot syreoppbygning. The overall base number of the diesel lubricant is typically between 0 and 25, preferably between 1 and 5. The overall base number indicates that the lubricant is able to withstand changes against acid build-up. Acid build-up causes increased corrosion and a higher base number represents resistance to acid build-up.
1 en foretrukket utførelse inneholder dieselsmøremidlene som anvendes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse også minst et olje-oppløslig, nøytralt eller basisk, jordalkalimetallsalt av minst en sur organisk forbindelse. Slike saltforbindelser betegnes generelt som askeholdige rensemidler. Den sure organiske forbindelsen kan være minst en svovelsyre, karboksyl syre, fosforsyre, fenol, salicylat eller blandinger derav. 1 a preferred embodiment, the diesel lubricants used in the present invention also contain at least one oil-soluble, neutral or basic, alkaline earth metal salt of at least one acidic organic compound. Such salt compounds are generally referred to as ash-containing cleaning agents. The acidic organic compound can be at least one sulfuric acid, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, phenol, salicylate or mixtures thereof.
Kalsium, magnesium og barium er de foretrukne jordalkalimetallene. Salter inneholdende en blanding av ioner av to eller flere av disse jordalkalimetallene kan anvendes. Calcium, magnesium and barium are the preferred alkaline earth metals. Salts containing a mixture of ions of two or more of these alkaline earth metals can be used.
Saltene som er nyttige kan være nøytrale eller basiske. De nøytrale saltene inneholder en mengde av jordalkalimetall som er akkurat tilstrekkelig til å nøytralisere syregruppene som er tilstede i saltanionet, og de basiske saltene inneholder et overskudd av jordalkalimetallkationet. The salts useful may be neutral or basic. The neutral salts contain an amount of alkaline earth metal just sufficient to neutralize the acid groups present in the salt anion, and the basic salts contain an excess of the alkaline earth metal cation.
Mengden av jordalkalimetallsaltet innbefattet i dieselsmøre-midlene som anvendes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse kan også varieres over et vidt område, og nyttige mengder kan lett bestemmes av fagmannen. Saltet fungerer som et hjelpe- eller supplerende rensemiddel. Mengden av jordalkalimetallsalt dieselsmøremiddel variere fra 0 til 5% eller mer, fortrinnsvis 0,5 til 4 vekt-56 av preparatet. The amount of the alkaline earth metal salt included in the diesel lubricants used in the present invention can also be varied over a wide range, and useful amounts can be easily determined by the person skilled in the art. The salt acts as an auxiliary or supplementary cleaning agent. The amount of alkaline earth metal salt diesel lubricant varies from 0 to 5% or more, preferably 0.5 to 4% by weight of the composition.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse forutser også anvendelsen av andre additiver i dieselsmøremiddelpreparatene. Disse andre additivene innbefatter slike konvensjonelle additivtyper som anti-oksydanter, midler for ekstremt trykk, korrosjons-inhiberende midler, midler som nedsetter stivnepunktet, fargestabiliserende midler, anti-skummidler, og andre slike additivmaterialer som generelt er kjente for fagmannen. I tilfeller hvor antioksydanter anvendes er det foretrukket at antioksydanten er av amintypen, så som et alkylert arylamin. Fortrinnsvis anvendes t-butylhindrede fenoliske forbindelser ikke ved foreliggende oppfinnelse. Dersom den benyttes bør den hindrede fenoliske forbindelsen anvendes med en andre antioksydant. The present invention also foresees the use of other additives in the diesel lubricant preparations. These other additives include such conventional additive types as antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, pour point depressants, color stabilizers, antifoams, and other such additive materials generally known to those skilled in the art. In cases where antioxidants are used, it is preferred that the antioxidant is of the amine type, such as an alkylated arylamine. Preferably, t-butyl hindered phenolic compounds are not used in the present invention. If used, the hindered phenolic compound should be used with a second antioxidant.
Midler for ekstreme trykk og korrosjons- og oksydasjons-inhiberende midler kan eksemplifiseres ved klorerte alifatiske hydrokarboner, så som klorert voks; organiske sulfider og polysulfider så som benzyldisulfid, bis(klorbenzyl )di-sulfid, dibutyltetrasulfid, forsvovlet metylester av oleinsyre, forsvovlet alkylfenol, forsvovlet dipenten, og forsvovlet terpen; fosforforsvovlede hydrokarboner, så som reaksjonsproduktet av et fosforsulfid med terpentin eller metyloleat; fosforestere innbefattende hovedsakelig dihydro-karbon- og trihydrokarbonfosfitter så som dibutylfosfitt, diheptylfosfitt, dicykloheksylfosfitt, pentylfenylfosfitt, dipentylfenylfosfitt, tridecylfosfitt, distearylfosfitt, dimetylnaftylfosfitt, oleyl 4-pentylfenylfosfitt, propylen (molekylvekt 500)-substituert fenylfosfitt, diisobutyl-substituert fosfitt; metalltiokarbamater, så som sink dioktylditiokarbamat, og bariumheptylfenylditiokarbamat; gruppe II metall fosforoditioater, så som sinkdicykloheksyl-fosforoditioat, sinkdioktylfosforoditioat, bariumdi(heptyl-fenyl)-fosforoditioat, kadmiumdinonylfosforoditioat, og sinksaltet av en fosforoditioinsyre fremstilt ved reaksjonen mellom fosforpentasulfid med en ekvimolar blanding av isopropylalkohol og n-heksylalkohol. Extreme pressure agents and corrosion and oxidation inhibiting agents may be exemplified by chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorinated waxes; organic sulfides and polysulfides such as benzyl disulfide, bis(chlorobenzyl )disulfide, dibutyl tetrasulfide, sulfurized methyl ester of oleic acid, sulfurized alkylphenol, sulfurized dipene, and sulfurized terpene; phosphorus sulphurised hydrocarbons, such as the reaction product of a phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl oleate; phosphorous esters including mainly dihydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon phosphites such as dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dicyclohexyl phosphite, pentyl phenyl phosphite, dipentyl phenyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, distearyl phosphite, dimethylnaphthyl phosphite, oleyl 4-pentyl phenyl phosphite, propylene (molecular weight 500)-substituted phenyl phosphite, diisobutyl-substituted phosphite; metal thiocarbamates, such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate, and barium heptylphenyldithiocarbamate; group II metal phosphorodithioates, such as zinc dicyclohexyl phosphorodithioate, zinc dioctyl phosphorodithioate, barium di(heptyl-phenyl) phosphorodithioate, cadmium dinonyl phosphorodithioate, and the zinc salt of a phosphorodithioic acid prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with an equimolar mixture of isopropyl alcohol and n-hexyl alcohol.
Mange av de ovenfor nevnte hjelpemidlene for ekstreme trykk og korrosjon-oksydasjonsinhibitorene tjener også som anti-slitasjemidler. Sink dialkylfosforoditioatforbindelser er et velkjent eksempel. Many of the above-mentioned extreme pressure aids and corrosion-oxidation inhibitors also serve as anti-wear agents. Zinc dialkyl phosphorodithioate compounds are a well-known example.
Stivnepunkt-depresjonsmidler er en spesielt nyttig type additiv som ofte innbefattes i smøreoljene som her er beskrevet. Anvendelsen av slike midler som undertrykker stivnepunktet i oljebaserte preparater for å forbedre lavtemperaturegenskapene for oljebaserte preparater er velkjente innen teknikken. Se f.eks., side 8 av "Lubricant Additives", av CV. Smalheer og R. Kennedy Smith (Lezius-Hiles Co. forleggere, Cleveland, Ohio, 1967). Pour point depressants are a particularly useful type of additive that is often included in the lubricating oils described here. The use of such agents which suppress the pour point of oil based compositions to improve the low temperature properties of oil based compositions is well known in the art. See, for example, page 8 of "Lubricant Additives", of CV. Smalheer and R. Kennedy Smith (Lezius-Hiles Co. publishers, Cleveland, Ohio, 1967).
Eksempler på nyttige undertrykkelsesmidler for stivnepunkt er polymetakrylater; polyakrylater; polyakrylamider; kondensa-sjonsprodukter av halogenparaffinvokser og aromatiske forbindelser; vinylkarboksylatpolymerer; og terpolymerer av dialkylfumarater, vinylestere av fettsyrer og alkylvinyl-etere. Midler som undertrykker stivnepunktet som er nyttige for formålene med foreliggende oppfinnelse, teknikker for fremstilling og anvendelse av disse er beskrevet i de følgende US-patentene: Patent: 2387501 - 2015748 - 2655479 - 1815022 - 2191498-2666746 - 2721877 - 2721878 - 3250715 Examples of useful pour point suppressants are polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; polyacrylamides; condensation products of halogenated paraffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids and alkyl vinyl ethers. Agents that suppress the solidification point that are useful for the purposes of the present invention, techniques for their manufacture and use are described in the following US patents: Patent: 2387501 - 2015748 - 2655479 - 1815022 - 2191498-2666746 - 2721877 - 2721878 - 3250715
Anti-skummemidler benyttes for å redusere eller forhindre dannelsen av stabilt skum. Typiske anti-skummemidler innbefatter silikoner, eller organiske polymerer. Ytterligere anti-skummepreparater er beskrevet i "Foam Control Agents", av Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976), side 125-162. Antifoam agents are used to reduce or prevent the formation of stable foam. Typical antifoam agents include silicones, or organic polymers. Additional anti-foam compositions are described in "Foam Control Agents", by Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976), pages 125-162.
Viskositetsforbedrende midler innbefattes typisk i en mengde på 5 til 15 vekt-5é av preparatet. De viskositetsf orbedrende midlene fungerer slik at de opprettholder en mer eller mindre konstant viskositet ettersom smøremiddeltemperaturen økes. Eksempler på viskositetsforbedrende midler er halogenerte styren-isopren-kopolymerer; maleinanhydrid-styren-kopolymerer; olefin-kopolymerer så som etylen-propylen-kopolymerer; styrenbutadien-kopolymerer og homopolymerer så som poly-butylen. Viscosity-improving agents are typically included in an amount of 5 to 15% by weight of the preparation. The viscosity improving agents function to maintain a more or less constant viscosity as the lubricant temperature is increased. Examples of viscosity improving agents are halogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers; maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers; olefin copolymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers; styrene-butadiene copolymers and homopolymers such as polybutylene.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse skal beskrives ved hjelp av de følgende eksemplene. The present invention shall be described by means of the following examples.
EKSEMPEL I EXAMPLE I
Et ferdig sammensatt smøremiddelpreparat fremstilles inneholdende : A ready-made lubricant preparation is produced containing:
Produktet fra eksempel I ga ved en "Mack T-7" test en stigning på 0,018 mellom 100 og 150 timers drift. En stigningsverdi som er akseptabel ved "Mack T-7" testen er 0,04 eller mindre. Den samme sammensetningen uten manganet ga en forsøksverdi på 0,16. The product from Example I gave, in a "Mack T-7" test, an increase of 0.018 between 100 and 150 hours of operation. A rise value acceptable in the "Mack T-7" test is 0.04 or less. The same composition without the manganese gave an experimental value of 0.16.
EKSEMPEL II EXAMPLE II
Et ferdig sammensatt smøremiddelpreparat fremstilles inneholdende : A ready-made lubricant preparation is produced containing:
Dette preparatet ga et stigningsresultat ved en "Mack T-7" test på 0,035, mens 0,04 regnes som akseptabelt. Stignings-verdien i testen i fravær av mangan er 0,16. This preparation gave a rise result in a "Mack T-7" test of 0.035, while 0.04 is considered acceptable. The increase value in the test in the absence of manganese is 0.16.
EKSEMPEL III EXAMPLE III
Et ferdig fremstilt smøremiddelpreparat fremstilles inneholdende : A ready-made lubricant preparation is produced containing:
Det koboltholdige preparatet gir en stigningsverdi ved "Mack T-7" test på 0,068 og viser en forbedring på mer enn 50$ sammenlignet med sammensetningene som ikke inneholder kobolt. Viskositetsøkningen i smøremidlet er 58$ større over intervallet på 100 til 150 timer i fravær av kobolt. The cobalt-containing formulation gives a rise value in the "Mack T-7" test of 0.068 and shows an improvement of more than 50$ compared to the compositions not containing cobalt. The viscosity increase in the lubricant is 58$ greater over the 100 to 150 hour interval in the absence of cobalt.
EKSEMPEL IV EXAMPLE IV
Et ferdig sammensatt dieselsmøremiddelpreparat fremstilles inneholdende: A ready-made diesel lubricant preparation is produced containing:
Resultatene fra "Mack T-7" testen på titanforbindelsen viser en stigningsverdi på 0,026. Viskositetsøkningen over basislinjen er 182$ når titan ikke anvendes. The results from the "Mack T-7" test on the titanium compound show a rise value of 0.026. The viscosity increase above the baseline is 182$ when titanium is not used.
EKSEMPEL V EXAMPLE V
Et ferdig sammensatt smøremiddelpreparat fremstilles inneholdende : A ready-made lubricant preparation is produced containing:
Dette eksempelet anvender kobberfenat ved 150 ppm kobber. En ytterligere variasjon er anvendelsen av mangansalisylat, anvendt i stedet for kobberfenatet ved 450 ppm mangan. This example uses copper phenate at 150 ppm copper. A further variation is the use of manganese salicylate, used in place of the copper phenate at 450 ppm manganese.
EKSEMPEL VI EXAMPLE VI
Et ferdig sammensatt smøremiddelpreparat fremstilles inneholdende : A ready-made lubricant preparation is produced containing:
Vanadium ved 100 ppm anvendes i steden for manganforbindelsen i eksempel 1 som neooktanoatet. En ytterligere variasjon er anvendelsen av like nivåer av nikkel, wolfram, molybden og krom i steden for manganet. Vanadium at 100 ppm is used instead of the manganese compound in example 1 as the neooctanoate. A further variation is the use of equal levels of nickel, tungsten, molybdenum and chromium in place of the manganese.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US82086086A | 1986-01-21 | 1986-01-21 | |
PCT/US1987/000070 WO1987004454A2 (en) | 1986-01-21 | 1987-01-12 | Lubricant composition containing transition metals for viscosity control |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO873690L NO873690L (en) | 1987-09-03 |
NO873690D0 NO873690D0 (en) | 1987-09-03 |
NO174347B true NO174347B (en) | 1994-01-10 |
NO174347C NO174347C (en) | 1994-04-20 |
Family
ID=25231911
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO873690A NO174347C (en) | 1986-01-21 | 1987-09-03 | Process for decelerating soot-related viscosity increase rate for a lubricant system for a diesel engine subjected to soot build-up |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0290457B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH01501396A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1013685B (en) |
AU (1) | AU604678B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8707574A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1290314C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3788345T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK489487A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2003209A6 (en) |
FI (1) | FI883438A (en) |
HK (1) | HK96694A (en) |
IN (1) | IN167977B (en) |
MX (1) | MX169569B (en) |
NO (1) | NO174347C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1987004454A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA87280B (en) |
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US4849123A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1989-07-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Drive train fluids comprising oil-soluble transition metal compounds |
US5064545A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1991-11-12 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for overbasing via metal borate formation |
US5242608A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1993-09-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for overbasing via metal borate formation |
DE3769982D1 (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1991-06-13 | Lubrizol Corp | METHOD FOR MAKING OVERBASIC BY METAL BORATE FORMATION. |
US4952328A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1990-08-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions |
US4981602A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1991-01-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions and concentrates |
JPH0676588B2 (en) * | 1988-07-20 | 1994-09-28 | 株式会社ヴァイオレット | Lubricating oil additive |
US4957649A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1990-09-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions and concentrates |
US4938881A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1990-07-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions and concentrates |
AU636354B2 (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1993-04-29 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Lubricating oil compositions and concentrates |
US4941984A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1990-07-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions and methods for lubricating gasoline-fueled and/or alcohol-fueled, spark-ignited engines |
FR2653780A1 (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1991-05-03 | Elf Aquitaine | BASE ADDITIVE FOR LUBRICATING OILS CONTAINING A COPPER DERIVATIVE OR A COPPER AND BORON DERIVATIVE, METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAID ADDITIVE. |
ES2129495T3 (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1999-06-16 | Indian Oil Corp Ltd | LUBRICATING OIL. |
US6258758B1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2001-07-10 | Platinum Research Organization Llc | Catalyzed surface composition altering and surface coating formulations and methods |
JP2000087067A (en) | 1998-07-17 | 2000-03-28 | Tonen Corp | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
CN1297729C (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2007-01-31 | 田小红 | A potholing method |
US7615519B2 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2009-11-10 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antiwear properties |
US7615520B2 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2009-11-10 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antioxidant properties |
US7543445B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2009-06-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Methods for regeneration and performance of a particulate filter of an internal combustion engine |
US7648949B2 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2010-01-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Low phosphorus cobalt complex-containing engine oil lubricant |
US7727943B2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2010-06-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Titanium compounds and complexes as additives in lubricants |
US7709423B2 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2010-05-04 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricant formulations for providing friction modification |
US7776800B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2010-08-17 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Titanium-containing lubricating oil composition |
US7767632B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2010-08-03 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricant formulations having improved antiwear properties |
WO2007102429A1 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-13 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Antioxidant composition, lubricant composition, and method for suppressing increase in viscosity of lubricant |
US7897548B2 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2011-03-01 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antiwear properties |
US20080277203A1 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-13 | Guinther Gregory H | Additives and lubricant formulations for improved phosphorus retention properties |
CA2700788A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-02 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Titanium compounds and complexes as additives in lubricants |
US8791055B2 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2014-07-29 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Titanium compounds and complexes as additives in lubricants |
CN101886014B (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2013-02-27 | 湖南省华京粉体材料有限公司 | Preparation method for tungsten carboxylate-containing engine oil additive |
CA2920023A1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Reduced engine deposits from dispersant treated with cobalt |
WO2019224647A1 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-11-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in direct injected spark-ignited engines with manganese-containing lubricant |
RU2737889C1 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-12-04 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «КУППЕР» | Friction coupling fluid |
CA3215773A1 (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-04-11 | Infineum International Limited | Lubricant composition containing metal alkanoate |
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US3801507A (en) * | 1972-08-18 | 1974-04-02 | Chevron Res | Sulfurized metal phenates |
IN145085B (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1978-08-19 | Lubrizol Corp | |
US4122033A (en) * | 1976-11-26 | 1978-10-24 | Black James F | Oxidation inhibitor and compositions containing the same |
IN152910B (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1984-04-28 | Lubrizol Corp | |
GB2056482A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1981-03-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
AU578726B2 (en) * | 1984-08-30 | 1988-11-03 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Organo transition metal/ashless detergent-dispersant/ phenolic anti-oxidant combinations |
-
1987
- 1987-01-07 CA CA000526872A patent/CA1290314C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-01-12 JP JP62500865A patent/JPH01501396A/en active Pending
- 1987-01-12 BR BR8707574A patent/BR8707574A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-01-12 AU AU69410/87A patent/AU604678B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-01-12 EP EP87900961A patent/EP0290457B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-12 WO PCT/US1987/000070 patent/WO1987004454A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-01-12 DE DE87900961T patent/DE3788345T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-01-13 IN IN22/DEL/87A patent/IN167977B/en unknown
- 1987-01-15 ZA ZA87280A patent/ZA87280B/en unknown
- 1987-01-16 ES ES8700090A patent/ES2003209A6/en not_active Expired
- 1987-01-20 MX MX004974A patent/MX169569B/en unknown
- 1987-01-20 CN CN87100331A patent/CN1013685B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-09-03 NO NO873690A patent/NO174347C/en unknown
- 1987-09-18 DK DK489487A patent/DK489487A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1988
- 1988-07-20 FI FI883438A patent/FI883438A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-09-15 HK HK96694A patent/HK96694A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR8707574A (en) | 1989-03-14 |
NO873690L (en) | 1987-09-03 |
HK96694A (en) | 1994-09-23 |
FI883438A0 (en) | 1988-07-20 |
WO1987004454A3 (en) | 1987-09-11 |
AU604678B2 (en) | 1991-01-03 |
WO1987004454A2 (en) | 1987-07-30 |
ES2003209A6 (en) | 1988-10-16 |
IN167977B (en) | 1991-01-19 |
MX169569B (en) | 1993-07-13 |
DK489487D0 (en) | 1987-09-18 |
CA1290314C (en) | 1991-10-08 |
ZA87280B (en) | 1987-09-30 |
CN87100331A (en) | 1987-09-16 |
NO174347C (en) | 1994-04-20 |
CN1013685B (en) | 1991-08-28 |
DK489487A (en) | 1987-09-18 |
DE3788345T2 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
EP0290457B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
FI883438A (en) | 1988-07-20 |
DE3788345D1 (en) | 1994-01-13 |
NO873690D0 (en) | 1987-09-03 |
JPH01501396A (en) | 1989-05-18 |
AU6941087A (en) | 1987-08-14 |
EP0290457A1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
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