NO172592B - LIQUID CLEANING MIXTURE - Google Patents
LIQUID CLEANING MIXTURE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO172592B NO172592B NO882339A NO882339A NO172592B NO 172592 B NO172592 B NO 172592B NO 882339 A NO882339 A NO 882339A NO 882339 A NO882339 A NO 882339A NO 172592 B NO172592 B NO 172592B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- soap
- amount
- abrasive
- mixture according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- CRPOUZQWHJYTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;disilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CRPOUZQWHJYTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carboxymethoxy)succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)COC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEFJFCAXFQMSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-hydroxytridecanal Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCC=O XEFJFCAXFQMSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical class OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZUZXOSWBOBCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polyethylene, oxidized Polymers OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(C)C(O)CCCCC=O AZUZXOSWBOBCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004691 decahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUCSOESCAKHLJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium carbonic acid carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.[O-]C([O-])=O TUCSOESCAKHLJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013746 hydrophilic polyethylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical class Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004686 pentahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940070721 polyacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IFIDXBCRSWOUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;1,5-dichloro-4,6-dioxo-1,3,5-triazin-2-olate Chemical compound [K+].ClN1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O IFIDXBCRSWOUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DUXXGJTXFHUORE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-tridecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 DUXXGJTXFHUORE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;decyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORLPWCUCEDVJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;tetradecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORLPWCUCEDVJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CACJZDMMUHMEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tridecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O CACJZDMMUHMEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2079—Monocarboxylic acids-salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/0013—Liquid compositions with insoluble particles in suspension
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
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Description
Oppfinnelsens bakgrunn The background of the invention
1. Oppfinnelsens område 1. The scope of the invention
Oppfinnelsen angår flytende, vandige, stabile, effektive, sikre, ikke-skrapende rensemiddelblandinger for hårde overflater, av den type som er vanlig betegnet som skurerense-middelblandinger. Blandingene er. fysisk stabile og separerer ikke, og brukeren er derved forsikret om at optimale bruks-resultater kan forventes av de forskjellige komponenter og deres mengder og forhold med hensyn til hverandre, og blandingene er sikre og skraper ikke opp de vanlige overflater som skal renses, som glass, porselen, keramikk, plast, metall, tre, malt tre (emaljert og lakkert). The invention relates to liquid, aqueous, stable, effective, safe, non-abrasive cleaning agent mixtures for hard surfaces, of the type commonly referred to as scouring agent mixtures. The mixes are. physically stable and do not separate, and the user is thereby assured that optimal use results can be expected from the different components and their amounts and ratios with respect to each other, and the mixtures are safe and do not scratch the usual surfaces to be cleaned, such as glass , porcelain, ceramics, plastic, metal, wood, painted wood (enamelled and lacquered).
2. Teknikkens stand 2. State of the art
Teknikkens stand er selvfølgelig meget omfattende hva gjelder flytende skuremiddelblandinger som hevdes å virke på sikker og effektiv måte, mens andre er angitt å være fysikalsk og kjemisk stabile osv. The state of the art is, of course, very extensive when it comes to liquid scouring agent mixtures that are claimed to work in a safe and effective way, while others are stated to be physically and chemically stable, etc.
Enkelte eksempler på tidligere kjente skureblandinger innbefatter US patent 4005027 i hvilket blandinger er beskrevet som innbefatter leire og uoppløselig slipemiddel. André uorganiske slipemidler er vist. Blandingene innbefatter overflateaktive midler som er blekestabile. Ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler anvendes ikke. Det hevdes at produktene er fysikalsk stabile og også at de ikke "vesentlig siger langs vertikale overflater" (spalte 10, linjene 45-47). En slik stabilitet er et tegn på et falsk fyldighetsfluid dannes når smectitt- og atapulgittleirene som er nødvendige i slike blandinger, anvendes. I US patent 4116849 er blandinger beskrevet som likner sterkt på dem som er beskrevet i US patent 4005027. Dessuten er i US patent 4116849 for-tykningsmidler beskrevet istedenfor de foretrukne smectitt- Some examples of previously known scouring mixtures include US patent 4005027 in which mixtures are described as including clay and insoluble abrasive. André inorganic abrasives are shown. The mixtures include surfactants which are bleach stable. Non-ionic surfactants are not used. It is claimed that the products are physically stable and also that they do not "significantly seep along vertical surfaces" (column 10, lines 45-47). Such stability is a sign of a false saturation fluid being formed when the smectite and attapulgite clays necessary in such mixtures are used. In US patent 4116849 compositions are described which are very similar to those described in US patent 4005027. Also in US patent 4116849 thickeners are described instead of the preferred smectite
og atapulgittleirer, som f.eks. kolloidalt siliciumdioxyd, polystyrener, sulfonerte polystyrener, polyethylen, oxyderte polyethylener, polypropylen, kopolymerer av styren med metha-crylsyre, methyl- eller ethylacrylat eller vinylacetat for å nevne noen. I patentet uttrykkes det at ".... ethoxylerte and attapulgite clays, such as colloidal silicon dioxide, polystyrenes, sulphonated polystyrenes, polyethylene, oxidized polyethylenes, polypropylene, copolymers of styrene with methacrylic acid, methyl or ethyl acrylate or vinyl acetate to name a few. In the patent it is expressed that "... ethoxylated
ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler må unngås." I ingen av disse to patenter er dessuten såper eller fettsyrer beskrevet som egnede materialer. ' I US patent 4240919 er blandinger av flerverdig stearatsåpe, vann og vannuoppløselig slipemiddel beskrevet. Forskjellige slipemidler er angitt, og blant de "organiske" typer er "melamin, ureaformaldehydharpikser, malte stive polymere materialer, som polyurethanskum " non-ionic surfactants must be avoided." Furthermore, in neither of these two patents are soaps or fatty acids described as suitable materials. ' In US patent 4240919, mixtures of polyvalent stearate soap, water and water-insoluble abrasive are described. Various abrasives are indicated, and among the "organic" types are "melamine, urea formaldehyde resins, painted rigid polymeric materials, such as polyurethane foam"
(spalte 3, linjene 10-12). Eventuelt kan "i det vesentlige hvilke som helst overflateaktive materialer som er forlikelige med de andre komponenter i blandingen ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse " være tilstede. Disse innbefatter "vann-oppløselige anioniske, ikke-ioniske, amfotere, kationiske og zwitterioniske overflateaktive midler." (Spalte 3, (column 3, lines 10-12). Optionally, "substantially any surface-active materials compatible with the other components of the composition according to the present invention" may be present. These include "water-soluble anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, cationic and zwitterionic surfactants." (Column 3,
linjene 57-62). Dessuten gjøres henvisning til US patenter 4051056 (ekspandert perlitt som slipemiddel),4457856 (poly-acrylatslipemiddel), vest-tysk patent 1956616 (polyvinylklorid som slipemiddel), US patent 3645904 (hudrensemiddel inneholdende et polymert slipemateriale) og US patent 4302347. lines 57-62). In addition, reference is made to US patents 4051056 (expanded perlite as abrasive), 4457856 (poly-acrylate abrasive), West German patent 1956616 (polyvinyl chloride as abrasive), US patent 3645904 (skin cleanser containing a polymeric abrasive material) and US patent 4302347.
En blanding som tilfredsstiller de optimale ønsker angående et ikke-skrapende, stabilt, effektivt og sikkert vandig skurerensemiddel er ikke innbefattet i teknikkens stand. Evnen til å fjerne de fleste flekker fra alle hårde overflater som normalt forekommer, og spesielt fra plastoverflater uten å beskadige slike ømfintlige plastmaterialer som kan forekomme som f.eks. kjøkkenbenktopplater, anti-klebende belegg på metallkjeier, polystyren, polymethylmethacrylat, polyvinylklorid, nylon, polyester (f.eks. fiberglass) og lignende gjenstander er hovedmålet for den foreliggende oppfinnelse. I tillegg til at de skal kunne fjerne flekker, skal blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen dessuten ha gode fettfjernende egenskaper. Fysikalsk stabilitet er, som vist i den teknikkens stand som er referert ovenfor, et hovedproblem og er en nødvendighet for å oppnå god aksept fra konsumentene. A composition that satisfies the optimal desire for a non-scratching, stable, effective and safe aqueous scouring agent is not included in the prior art. The ability to remove most stains from all hard surfaces that normally occur, and especially from plastic surfaces without damaging such delicate plastic materials that may occur as e.g. kitchen counter tops, anti-stick coatings on metal cages, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyester (e.g. fiberglass) and similar items are the main object of the present invention. In addition to being able to remove stains, the mixtures according to the invention must also have good grease-removing properties. Physical stability is, as shown in the state of the art referred to above, a major problem and is a necessity to achieve good acceptance by consumers.
Det er derfor et mål ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse It is therefore an object of the present invention
å tilveiebringe flytende, vandige, stabile, slipemiddel-holdige renseblandinger. to provide liquid, aqueous, stable, abrasive-containing cleaning compositions.
Det er et annet mål ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse It is another object of the present invention
å tilveiebringe en flytende, vandig, slipemiddelholdig renseblanding som er sikker og også i det vesentlige ikke virker skrapende på de fleste overflater som forekommer, inn-befattende plastoverflater. to provide a liquid, aqueous, abrasive cleaning composition which is safe and also substantially non-abrasive on most surfaces encountered, including plastic surfaces.
Det er et ytterligere mål ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebringe stabile, flytende, vandige, poly-merslipeholdige renseblandinger som er sikre, effektive og ikke skrapende. It is a further object of the present invention to provide stable, liquid, aqueous, polymer abrasive cleaning compositions which are safe, effective and non-abrasive.
Beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen Description of the invention
Målene ved denne oppfinnelse oppfylles ved hjelp av den stabile flytende, ikke-ripende, vandige, skurende rensemiddelblanding som presisert i krav l's karakteriserende del. The objectives of this invention are met by means of the stable liquid, non-scratching, aqueous, scouring cleaning agent mixture as specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Fettsyrekomponenten kan være en hvilken som helst fettsyre med en carbonkjede av Cg - De mest The fatty acid component can be any fatty acid with a carbon chain of Cg - De most
foretrukne er C1Q -.c^gf°9 typisk går det preferred is C1Q -.c^gf°9 typically it goes
utmerket å anvende naturlig forekommende materialer, som kokosnøttolje, palmekjerneolje eller animalsk talg, som utgangsmaterialer for fettsyrene. Et spesielt foretrukket område for fettsyrene er ^ i2~^ 18 av den type som forekommer i kokosnøttolje. En typisk kokosnøttoljefettsyreblanding inneholder ca. 50% C12, 20% C14 8,5% Clg og 10% C18 idet resten utgjøres av andre syrer og endog kanskje endel nøytralt materiale, og er flytende ved 40°C. Selv om de mest bekvemme utgangsmaterialer er naturlige oljer eller fett som selv-følgelig gir blandede syrer, kan de enkelte spesifiserte syrer og også en hvilken som helst blanding av et hvilke.t som helst antall av syrer med en hvilken som helst kjede-léngde innen betingelse<n><c>g"C20 anvendes. De anvendte såper er alkalimetall- og ammoniumsaltene, idet natrium- og kalium-saltene er foretrukne. Fettsyren omfatter fra 0,5 til 15 vekt%, fortrinnsvis fra 1 til 10 vekt%, og mer foretrukket fra 1 til 7 vekt%, åv blandingen. excellent to use naturally occurring materials, such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil or animal tallow, as starting materials for the fatty acids. A particularly preferred range for the fatty acids is ^ i2~^ 18 of the type found in coconut oil. A typical coconut oil fatty acid mixture contains approx. 50% C12, 20% C14, 8.5% Clg and 10% C18, the rest being made up of other acids and perhaps even some neutral material, and is liquid at 40°C. Although the most convenient starting materials are natural oils or fats which naturally give mixed acids, the individual specified acids and also any mixture of any number of acids of any chain length within condition<n><c>g"C20 is used. The soaps used are the alkali metal and ammonium salts, the sodium and potassium salts being preferred. The fatty acid comprises from 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably from 1 to 7% by weight, of the mixture.
Det anioniske middel som ikke er en såpe, kan være valgt fra hvilke som helst av de vanlig anioniske midler, som alkylbenzensulfonatene, alkylsulfåtene, alkoholsulfåtene, alkoholethersulfåtene, olefinsulfonater, parafinsulfonater, The non-soap anionic agent may be selected from any of the usual anionic agents, such as the alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates,
fra 1 til 7 vekt%, av blandingen. from 1 to 7% by weight, of the mixture.
Det anioniske tensid som ikke er en såpe, kan være valgt fra hvilke som helst av de vanlige anioniske sulfat-eller sulfonattensider, som alkylbenzensulfonatene, alkylsulfåtene, alkoholsulfåtene, alkoholethersulfåtene, olefin-sulf onater, parafinsulfonater, fettsyremonoglyceridsulfater, sarcosider, taurider eller lignende eller deres salter, som alkali-, jordalkali- eller ammoniumsalter. Blant disse er sulfatene og sulfonatene foretrukne. Det er en forutsetning at disse tensider har en lineær ciq~C20 alifatisk hydrocarbonkjede i sin struktur. The non-soap anionic surfactant may be selected from any of the usual anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactants, such as the alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates, sarcosides, taurides or the like or their salts, such as alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts. Among these, the sulfates and sulfonates are preferred. It is a prerequisite that these surfactants have a linear ciq~C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon chain in their structure.
De foretrukne anioniske overflateaktive midler som ikke er såpe, er parafinsulfonatene, de lineære alkylbenzen-sulfonater, alkohol- og alkoholethersulfåtene. The preferred non-soap anionic surfactants are the paraffin sulfonates, the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, the alcohol and alcohol ether sulfates.
De mest foretrukne anioniske overflateaktive midler (ikke såpe) er ci2~C18 parafinsulfonatene i form av deres alkalimetall- eller ammoniumsalter, Cj_g~C2o alkylbenzensul-fonater idet C±2~ C16 er mest foretrukket, alkyl (dvs. alkohol)-sulfater av <C>12~C18 og de tilsvarende ethersulfater med fra 3 til 50 (f.eks. 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 eller 50) mol kondensert ethylenoxyd. Det mest foretrukne saltdannende kation er natrium. Mengden av det anioniske overflateaktive middel som ikke er såpe, varierer fra 1 til 15 vekt%, fortrinnsvis fra 1 til 10 vekt%, og mer foretrukket fra 1 til 5 vekt%. The most preferred anionic surfactants (not soap) are the C12~C18 paraffin sulfonates in the form of their alkali metal or ammonium salts, C10~C20 alkylbenzene sulfonates with C±2~C16 being most preferred, alkyl (i.e. alcohol) sulfates of < C>12~C18 and the corresponding ether sulfates with from 3 to 50 (e.g. 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 or 50) moles of condensed ethylene oxide. The most preferred salt-forming cation is sodium. The amount of the non-soap anionic surfactant ranges from 1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably from 1 to 5% by weight.
Enkelte spesifikke eksempler på egnede anioniske overflateaktive midler er natriumlaurylsulfat, natriumparafin (C14~<C>17)<-s>ulfonat, natriumdecylsulfat, natriumtridecyl-sulfonat, natrium-talg r,alkylsulfat, natriumkokosnøttalkyl-sulfat, natriumoxotridecyl (triethoxyl)sulfat (sulfatert - 3 EO kondensat med oxotridecylalkohol), natriumdodecylbenzen-sulfonat, natriumtridecylbenzensulfonat, natriumtetradecyl-benzensulfonat og natrium(C15)-olefinsulfonat. Some specific examples of suitable anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium paraffin (C14~<C>17)<-s>sulfonate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfonate, sodium tallow r,alkyl sulfate, sodium coconut alkyl sulfate, sodium oxotridecyl (triethoxyl) sulfate (sulfated - 3 EO condensate with oxotridecyl alcohol), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium tridecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium tetradecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium (C15)-olefinsulfonate.
De ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler som her kan anvendes, er generelt karakterisert ved en langkjedet hydrofob kjede og en hydrofil poly(ethylenoxyd)-kjede. Den hydrofobe kjede kan være og er fortrinnsvis fra en alkohol The non-ionic surfactants that can be used here are generally characterized by a long-chain hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) chain. The hydrophobic chain can be and is preferably from an alcohol
(<C>10 - C2Q, fortrinnsvis C1Q - C^6, typisk en C13-alkohol, som lineær tridecylalkohol) eller (<C>10 - C2Q, preferably C1Q - C^6, typically a C13 alcohol, such as linear tridecyl alcohol) or
en polypropylenryggrad. Andre hydrofobe forbindelser, som a polypropylene backbone. Other hydrophobic compounds, viz
thioalkoholer, syrer, aminer eller lignende, kan også anvendes. Den foretrukne alkohol er en C^g-C-^-alkohol med fra 1 til under 5 mol ethylenoxyd og mest foretrukket med fra 2 til 4 mol ethylenoxyd, typisk 3 mol ethylenoxyd. konsentrasjonen av ikke-ionisk forbindelse i oppskriften kan variere fra 0,5 til 15 vekti idet foretrukne konsentra-sjoner er fra 1 til 10, mest foretrukket fra 3,5 til 6,5, thioalcohols, acids, amines or the like can also be used. The preferred alcohol is a C₁₂-C₁₀ alcohol with from 1 to less than 5 mol of ethylene oxide and most preferably with from 2 to 4 mol of ethylene oxide, typically 3 mol of ethylene oxide. the concentration of non-ionic compound in the recipe can vary from 0.5 to 15 by weight, with preferred concentrations being from 1 to 10, most preferably from 3.5 to 6.5,
og typisk og mest foretrukket 5, vekt%. and typically and most preferably 5% by weight.
Den her anvendte elektrolytt er et vannoppløselig, alkalisk, uorganisk eller organisk byggersalt. De vanlige salter omfatter alkalimetallbicarbonatene, -boratene, -carbonatene, -fosfatene, -polyfosfåtene eller -silikatene blant de uorganiske salter og polycarboxylatene, som poly-acetater, -tartrater, -sitrater, -maleater, -oxydiacetater, -alkenylsuccinater, -carboxymethyloxysuccinater, -oxydi-succinater eller lignende blant de organiske salter. Polymere byggersalter, som de vannoppløselige salter av polymerer av maleinsyre, itaconsyre eller en lignende syre, kan anvendes såvel som kopolymerer og interpolymerer av disse med polymeriserbare a, :3-ethylenisk umettede forbindelser, som vinylethere, estere, alkylalkohol, acryl- eller metha-crylsyre eller estere derav etc. The electrolyte used here is a water-soluble, alkaline, inorganic or organic building salt. The usual salts include the alkali metal bicarbonates, borates, carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates or silicates among the inorganic salts and polycarboxylates, such as polyacetates, tartrates, citrates, maleates, oxydiacetates, alkenyl succinates, carboxymethyloxysuccinates, -oxydi-succinates or the like among the organic salts. Polymeric building salts, such as the water-soluble salts of polymers of maleic acid, itaconic acid or a similar acid, can be used as well as copolymers and interpolymers of these with polymerizable α, :3-ethylenically unsaturated compounds, such as vinyl ethers, esters, alkyl alcohol, acrylic or metha- acrylic acid or esters thereof etc.
Elektrolytten kan variere innen et betraktelig kon-sentrasjonsområde fra så lite som 1% til 25%- The electrolyte can vary within a considerable concentration range from as little as 1% to 25%-
Et foretrukket område er fra 2 til 15%. En blanding av carbonat og fosfat kan totalt typisk utgjøre 5 til 10%. Andre bekvemme og foretrukne blandinger kan likeledes om-fatte carbonat, polyfosfat og eventuelt endel silikat i mengder av fra 5 til 10%. A preferred range is from 2 to 15%. A mixture of carbonate and phosphate can typically amount to 5 to 10% in total. Other convenient and preferred mixtures may likewise comprise carbonate, polyphosphate and possibly end silicate in amounts of from 5 to 10%.
Spesifikke elektrolytter innbefatter natrium- og kaliu:ncarbon&t, natrium- og kaliumbicarbonat, natrium- og kaliumseskvicarbonat, natrium-: og kaliumorthofosfater, Specific electrolytes include sodium and potassium carbonate, sodium and potassium bicarbonate, sodium and potassium sesquicarbonate, sodium and potassium orthophosphates,
-pyrofosfater,-tripolyfosfat eller -hexametafosfater, natrium-og kaliumtetraborat i vannfri form eller som pentahydrat eller decahydrat, natriumsilikat (f.eks. natriummetasilikat eller andre silikater med et Na20:SiC^-forhold innen området av fra 3,5 til 1 til 1:1), som illustrerende for de uorganiske elektrolytter, og tetranatrium- eller tetrakalium- -pyrophosphates, -tripolyphosphate or -hexametaphosphates, sodium and potassium tetraborate in anhydrous form or as pentahydrate or decahydrate, sodium silicate (e.g. sodium metasilicate or other silicates with a Na2O:SiC^ ratio in the range of from 3.5 to 1 to 1:1), as illustrative of the inorganic electrolytes, and tetrasodium or tetrapotassium
ethylendiamintetraeddiksyresalt, trinatriumnitriltriacetat eller dinatriumpolymaleat etc. bare som illustrerende eksempler på de organiske elektrolytter. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salt, trisodium nitrile triacetate or disodium polymaleate etc. only as illustrative examples of the organic electrolytes.
"Slipemidlet består av poly- "The abrasive consists of poly-
ethylen, polypropylen, polystyren, polyestere,polyvinylklorid, polyvinylacetat, polymethylmethacrylat eller forskjellige kopolymerer og sampolymerisater av de ovenstående. Kriteriumet for egnethet er at materialet ikke riper polymethylmethacrylat og at den gjennomsnittlige partikkelstør-relse ligger innen området fra 10 til 150^um, fortrinnsvis fra 25 til 100^,um, og mest foretrukket fra 30 til 75^um, f.eks. 60^um. For optimalt bruksresiiltat er det mest ønskelig å anvende et polyvinylkloridslipepulver hvis gjennomsnittlige partikkelstørrelse er ca. 60^um idet en hoved-mengde ligger innen området fra 30 til 75^um. Molekylvekt-områdene for de polymere: slipemidler kan variere sterkt så lenge de ovenstående . fysikalske egenskaper tilfreds-stilles. Generelt vil molekylvekter ligge innen området fra flere tusen (f.eks. 2000, 5000, 20000) til flere hundrede tusen (f.eks. 125000, 250000, 400000) og oppad til flere millioner (f.eks. 1000000, 2000000, 4000000, 6000000). Mengden av slipemiddel kan variere fra 2 ethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate or various copolymers and copolymers of the above. The criterion for suitability is that the material does not scratch polymethyl methacrylate and that the average particle size lies within the range from 10 to 150 µm, preferably from 25 to 100 µm, and most preferably from 30 to 75 µm, e.g. 60 µm. For optimal use results, it is most desirable to use a polyvinyl chloride sanding powder whose average particle size is approx. 60 µm, with a main amount lying within the range from 30 to 75 µm. The molecular weight ranges for the polymeric: abrasives can vary greatly as long as the above . physical properties are satisfied. In general, molecular weights will range from several thousand (e.g. 2000, 5000, 20000) to several hundred thousand (e.g. 125000, 250000, 400000) and upwards to several million (e.g. 1000000, 2000000, 4000000 , 6000000). The amount of abrasive can vary from 2
til 30%. Et foretrukket område for to 30%. A preferred area for
de foretrukne oppskrifter er fra 5 til 25% og mer foretrukket fra 5 til 15%, f.eks. 7%, 10% eller 12%. the preferred recipes are from 5 to 25% and more preferably from 5 to 15%, e.g. 7%, 10% or 12%.
En rekke forskjellige valgfrie bestanddeler kan være innarbeidet i blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen. Enkelte er endog foretrukne, som uorganiske viskositetspåvirkende midler (f.eks. montmorillonittleirer, som bentonitt eller attapulgitter etc), organiske sådanne, som methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose eller hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Slike materialer er spesielt fordelaktige for å oppnå et "kremaktig" skurerensemiddel hvor en "fortykket" material-type er ønsket av konsumenten. For slike produkter kan det være ønskelig å ha viskositeter innen området fra flere hundrede (250, 400 eller 500 cPs) til flere tusen (f.eks. 1100, 1500 eller 2000 cP s etc.) A number of different optional components can be incorporated into the mixtures according to the invention. Some are even preferred, such as inorganic viscosity-influencing agents (e.g. montmorillonite clays, such as bentonite or attapulgite etc), organic ones, such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Such materials are particularly advantageous for obtaining a "creamy" scouring agent where a "thickened" type of material is desired by the consumer. For such products, it may be desirable to have viscosities in the range from several hundred (250, 400 or 500 cPs) to several thousand (e.g. 1100, 1500 or 2000 cP s etc.)
Det er av den største betydning at blandingene i hen-hold til oppfinnelsen oppviser uvanlig stabilitet (dvs. fravær av eller minimal faseseparering) i fravær av viskositets-"forhøyerne" hvis hovedfunksjon, som nevnt ovenfor, ganske enkelt er å fortykke. Mengden av det viskositetspåvirkende middel kan ligge innen området fra 0,1 til 5 til 10%, som regel fra 0,5 til 3%. Andre valgfrie, men igjen foretrukne, additiver innbefatter et hydrocarbonmateriale, spesielt et terpen, som d-limonen. Slike terpener er lett tilgjengelige i flere parfymematerialer som i alminnelighet tilsettes til de fleste renseprodukter for salg til konsumentene. Mengden av hydrocarbonet kan variere fra 0,05 til 5%, fortrinnsvis fra 0,1 til 2 til 3%. Andre additiver som kan anvendes, innbefatter blekemidler (flytende og faste hypokloritter som er tilgjengelige f.eks. som NaOCl-oppløs-ning eller kalsiumhypoklorittpulver, kloraminer, klorerte di- eller trinatriumfosfater, natrium- eller kaliumdiklor-isocyanurat eller trikloric.yanursyre osv.), puff ere, natriumhydroxyd, kaliumhydroxyd, skumøkende midler, enzymer, kon-serveringsmidler, desinfeksjonsmidler, farvemidler, lukt-stoffer og lignende kan anvendes om ønsket og dersom de er forlikelige. Genere.lt blir mindre mengder av slike hjelpe-materialer anvendt, f.eks. fra 0,01 til 10% og ofte fra It is of the greatest importance that the compositions according to the invention exhibit unusual stability (ie absence of or minimal phase separation) in the absence of the viscosity "increasers" whose main function, as mentioned above, is simply to thicken. The amount of the viscosity influencing agent can be in the range from 0.1 to 5 to 10%, usually from 0.5 to 3%. Other optional, but again preferred, additives include a hydrocarbon material, especially a terpene, such as d-limonene. Such terpenes are readily available in several perfume materials which are generally added to most cleaning products for sale to consumers. The amount of the hydrocarbon may vary from 0.05 to 5%, preferably from 0.1 to 2 to 3%. Other additives that may be used include bleaching agents (liquid and solid hypochlorites available e.g. as NaOCl solution or calcium hypochlorite powder, chloramines, chlorinated di- or trisodium phosphates, sodium or potassium dichloroisocyanurate or trichloric cyanuric acid, etc.) , buffers, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, foaming agents, enzymes, preservatives, disinfectants, coloring agents, odorants and the like can be used if desired and if they are compatible. Generally, smaller quantities of such auxiliary materials are used, e.g. from 0.01 to 10% and often from
0,1 til 5%. 0.1 to 5%.
Blandingene ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er alkaliske og har en pH av fra 10 til 12. Det fore- The mixtures according to the present invention are alkaline and have a pH of from 10 to 12.
trekkes generelt til blandingene å tilsettes fettsyren i fri syreform og å nøytralisere in situ med natriumhydroxyd eller kaliumhydroxyd samtidig som pH reguleres til det ønskede nivå. En typisk foretrukken pH er 11 ^ 0,5. is generally drawn to the mixtures to add the fatty acid in free acid form and to neutralize in situ with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide while the pH is regulated to the desired level. A typically preferred pH is 11 × 0.5.
Blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen blir generelt fremstilt ved til oppskriftsvekten av varmt vann å tilsette under om-røring i et egnet blandeapparat og homogenisator (ved en temperatur av fra 50 til 80°C, f.eks. 60°C) den følgende blanding i den angitte rekkefølge: fettsyre, ikke-ionisk, viskositetsmodifiseringsmiddel (dersom et slikt anvendes), slipepolymerpartikler og alkali for nøytralisasjon av fettsyre. På dette stadium blir blandingens temperatur senket tilnærmet til værelsetemperatur, og elektrolytten (f.eks. byggersalter) blir derefter tilsatt efterfulgt av det anioniske middel som ikke er såpe, og til slutt av parfymen (også som et utgangsmateriale f°r hydrocarbon dersom dette skulle være ønsket). Dersom intet hydrocarbon skal anvendes, kan selvfølgelig et luktstoff som ikke inneholder hydro-karboner anvendes, men et hydrocarbonmateriale har vist seg å være ønskelig for å oppnå øket fettfjernelsesegenskap. The mixtures according to the invention are generally prepared by adding to the recipe weight of hot water while stirring in a suitable mixer and homogenizer (at a temperature of from 50 to 80°C, e.g. 60°C) the following mixture in the indicated order: fatty acid, non-ionic, viscosity modifier (if used), abrasive polymer particles and alkali for neutralization of fatty acid. At this stage the temperature of the mixture is lowered to approximately room temperature and the electrolyte (e.g. building salts) is then added followed by the non-soap anionic agent and finally the perfume (also as a starting material for the hydrocarbon should this be desired). If no hydrocarbon is to be used, an odorant that does not contain hydrocarbons can of course be used, but a hydrocarbon material has proven to be desirable in order to achieve increased grease removal properties.
De nedenstående eksempler tjener til å illustrere The examples below serve to illustrate
den foreliggende oppfinnelsen uten å skulle begrense denne. Deler og prosenter er basert på vekt dersom intet annet er angitt. the present invention without limiting it. Parts and percentages are based on weight unless otherwise stated.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
En blanding av de følgende bestanddeler fremstilles: A mixture of the following components is prepared:
Blandingen fremstilles på den måte som tidligere er blitt beskrevet som foretrukken. Til oppskriftsvekten av vann ved 6 0°C tilsettes fettsyren, det ikke-ioniske middel, leiren, slipemidlet og kaliumhydroxydet med kraftig om-røring. Efter at en jevn blanding er blitt oppnådd, blir den avkjølt til værelsetemperatur (20°C), og de gjenværende bestanddeler (i den angitte rekkefølge) tilsettes under omrøring. Et kremlignende, stabilt produkt fås. Dets pH er ca. 11 og dets viskositet ca. 1100 cP<s. The mixture is prepared in the manner previously described as preferred. To the recipe weight of water at 60°C, the fatty acid, the non-ionic agent, the clay, the abrasive and the potassium hydroxide are added with vigorous stirring. After a smooth mixture has been obtained, it is cooled to room temperature (20°C) and the remaining ingredients (in the order indicated) are added with stirring. A cream-like, stable product is obtained. Its pH is approx. 11 and its viscosity approx. 1100 cP<s.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Eksempel 1 gjentas, bortsett fra at de følgende fettsyrer anvendes istedenfor 2% destillert kokosfettsyre: Example 1 is repeated, except that the following fatty acids are used instead of 2% distilled coconut fatty acid:
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Eksempel 1 gjentas under anvendelse av 5% natriumlaurylsulfat istedenfor natriumparafinsulfonatet. Example 1 is repeated using 5% sodium lauryl sulfate instead of the sodium paraffin sulfonate.
Eksempel 4' Example 4'
Eksemplene 1 og 3 gjentas med separat erstatning av de anvendte TKPP og I^CO^ med 4% vannfritt natriumcarbonat (Na2C03). Examples 1 and 3 are repeated with separate replacement of the used TKPP and I^CO^ with 4% anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2C03).
Eksempel 5 Example 5
Hvert av de ovenstående eksempler blir separat gjen-tatt, men istedenfor 5% ikke-ionisk middel anvendes Each of the above examples is separately repeated, but instead 5% non-ionic agent is used
(a) 3% ikke-ionisk middel (a) 3% nonionic agent
(b) 6% ikke-ionisk middel. (b) 6% nonionic agent.
Produktet ifølge eksempel 1 anvendes for en standar-disert prøvningsmetode for å fastlå _ ripingsgraden mot en plastoverflate. Dette produkt sammenlignes med to kommersielle produkter. Metoden innbefatter anvendelse av en frem- og tilbakegående svamp ("spontex") som inneholder 1 g av prøvningsproduktet som påføres på en plastflis, og efter 200 slag blir plastflisen vasket og glansen sammen-lignet med glansen til den opprinnelige plastflis. Den brukte flis har en opprinnelig glansavlesning på 79, og denne holder seg uforandret efter prøvningen med produktet ifølge eksempel 1. De to kommersielle produkter ga av-lesninger på 72 og 73, og dette viser endel beskadigelse av flisen av de kommersielle materialer og ingen beskadigelse ved anvendelse av rensemiddelblandingen ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse. The product according to example 1 is used for a standardized test method to determine the degree of scratching against a plastic surface. This product is compared to two commercial products. The method involves the use of a reciprocating sponge ("spontex") containing 1 g of the test product which is applied to a plastic tile, and after 200 strokes the plastic tile is washed and the gloss is compared to the gloss of the original plastic tile. The used tile has an original gloss reading of 79, and this remains unchanged after the test with the product according to example 1. The two commercial products gave readings of 72 and 73, and this shows partial damage to the tile by the commercial materials and no damage when using the cleaning agent mixture according to the present invention.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5497487A | 1987-05-28 | 1987-05-28 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO882339D0 NO882339D0 (en) | 1988-05-27 |
NO882339L NO882339L (en) | 1988-11-29 |
NO172592B true NO172592B (en) | 1993-05-03 |
NO172592C NO172592C (en) | 1993-08-11 |
Family
ID=21994733
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO882339A NO172592C (en) | 1987-05-28 | 1988-05-27 | LIQUID CLEANING MIXTURE |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0292910B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU609482B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1315636C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3852571T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK293188A (en) |
NO (1) | NO172592C (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4678596A (en) * | 1986-05-01 | 1987-07-07 | Rohm And Haas Company | Rinse aid formulation |
CA1335646C (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1995-05-23 | Guido Clemens Van Den Brom | Liquid detergent compositions |
JPH0633415B2 (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1994-05-02 | 花王株式会社 | Skin cleanser composition |
US5017238A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-05-21 | Dow Corning Corporation | Aqueous cleaning dispersions using adsorptive polymeric powder and method of using |
DE4001595A1 (en) * | 1990-01-20 | 1991-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | DEMULGATING, POWDERFUL, OR LIQUID CLEANSING AGENTS AND THEIR USE |
AU1991792A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-12-30 | Eftichios Van Vlahakis | Liquid hand soap composition |
GB2311996A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-15 | Reckitt & Colman Inc | Hard surface scouring cleansers ` |
US7256167B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2007-08-14 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc. | Hard surface cleaner comprising suspended particles and oxidizing agent |
GB2398571A (en) * | 2003-02-22 | 2004-08-25 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc | Acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition |
NO315947B1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-11-17 | Polymers Holding As | Use of spherical and monodisperse polymer particles in detergents, and such detergents |
GB2379223A (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-05 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc | Cleaning composition comprising citric acid |
US7119055B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2006-10-10 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc. | Hard surface cleaners comprising a thickening gum mixture |
EP1321514A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | Maclean S.A. | Liquid scouring composition containing polyethylene particles |
DE10248313A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2004-05-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Transparent abrasive cleaning agent, especially hand dishwashing liquid |
US20050176614A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2005-08-11 | Heinz-Dieter Soldanski | Transparent abrasive cleaning product, especially manual dishwashing liquid |
GB2398792A (en) | 2003-02-22 | 2004-09-01 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc | Acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition |
AR043906A1 (en) | 2003-02-22 | 2005-08-17 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc | CLEANING COMPOSITIONS FOR HARD SURFACES |
US7799141B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2010-09-21 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and system for using a two-phases substrate cleaning compound |
SE0601157L (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-10-16 | Gs Dev Ab | Detergent composition for granular dishwashers |
EP3040408A1 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-06 | Hayata Kimya Sanayi Anonim Sirketi | Aqueous liquid cleaning compositions comprising bleaching agent and abrasive particles |
FR3046061B1 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-11-01 | L'oreal | COMPOSITION COMPRISING TWO NEUTRALIZED FATTY ACIDS, DIFFERENT FROM ONE ANOTHER, AND A PARTICULAR CLAY |
CN115975735B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-06-04 | 宁波坚锋新材料有限公司 | Plastic cleaning agent for waste HIPS |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1534680A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1978-12-06 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Cleaning compositions |
US4240919A (en) * | 1978-11-29 | 1980-12-23 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Thixotropic abrasive liquid scouring composition |
ZA822496B (en) * | 1981-04-20 | 1983-02-23 | Alcon Lab Inc | Polymeric scrub |
US4655957A (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1987-04-07 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Contact lens cleaning composition with polymeric beads |
GB2181738B (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1990-06-20 | Kao Corp | Abrasive, detergent composition |
-
1988
- 1988-05-21 DE DE3852571T patent/DE3852571T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-21 EP EP88108207A patent/EP0292910B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-25 CA CA000567602A patent/CA1315636C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-26 AU AU16667/88A patent/AU609482B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-05-27 DK DK293188A patent/DK293188A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-05-27 NO NO882339A patent/NO172592C/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DK293188A (en) | 1988-11-29 |
CA1315636C (en) | 1993-04-06 |
AU609482B2 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
NO882339L (en) | 1988-11-29 |
AU1666788A (en) | 1988-12-01 |
NO882339D0 (en) | 1988-05-27 |
DK293188D0 (en) | 1988-05-27 |
EP0292910B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
NO172592C (en) | 1993-08-11 |
DE3852571T2 (en) | 1995-08-17 |
EP0292910A2 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
EP0292910A3 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
DE3852571D1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
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