NO165806B - FLUORABLE COPOLYMERS AND THEIR APPLICATION ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES. - Google Patents
FLUORABLE COPOLYMERS AND THEIR APPLICATION ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO165806B NO165806B NO861062A NO861062A NO165806B NO 165806 B NO165806 B NO 165806B NO 861062 A NO861062 A NO 861062A NO 861062 A NO861062 A NO 861062A NO 165806 B NO165806 B NO 165806B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- cross
- pulp
- alkali
- denotes
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium chloride Substances [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 perfluoro radical Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- YHRUOJUYPBUZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloropropane Chemical compound ClCCCCl YHRUOJUYPBUZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GKIPXFAANLTWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N epibromohydrin Chemical compound BrCC1CO1 GKIPXFAANLTWBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUNMBRGCANLOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloroacetone Chemical compound ClCC(=O)CCl SUNMBRGCANLOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DEWLEGDTCGBNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol Chemical compound ClCC(O)CCl DEWLEGDTCGBNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZABBFAHZPHMIJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dibromopropan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C(Br)Br ZABBFAHZPHMIJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSVFWMMPUJDVKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloropropan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C(Cl)Cl CSVFWMMPUJDVKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFDLXKQSUOWIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloropropan-1-ol Chemical compound OC(Cl)CCCl IFDLXKQSUOWIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOLOYCGJRJFTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-difluoropropane Chemical compound FCCCF OOLOYCGJRJFTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAXMNYUNVCMCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diiodopropane Chemical compound ICCCI AAAXMNYUNVCMCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dibromobutane Chemical compound BrCCCCBr ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJDRSWPQXHESDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobutane Chemical compound ClCCCCCl KJDRSWPQXHESDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXHPKSYTQFAXIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-difluorobutane Chemical compound FCCCCF CXHPKSYTQFAXIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFAHDAXIUURLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(fluoromethyl)oxirane Chemical compound FCC1CO1 OIFAHDAXIUURLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGIBHMPYXXPGAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(iodomethyl)oxirane Chemical compound ICC1CO1 AGIBHMPYXXPGAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1CC2OC2CC1 OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001513 alkali metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001516 alkali metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMGBZBJJOKUPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl iodide Chemical compound CCCCI KMGBZBJJOKUPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-2-yl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTNVGWMVOULBFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Na].Cl OTNVGWMVOULBFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B41/4838—Halogenated polymers
- C04B41/4842—Fluorine-containing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/22—Esters containing halogen
- C08F220/24—Esters containing halogen containing perhaloalkyl radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/282—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing two or more oxygen atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av papir- eller Process for the production of paper or
viskosemasse med forbedret adsorbsjonsevne, mykhet viscose mass with improved adsorption capacity, softness
og alkaliresistens. and alkali resistance.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av papir- og viskosemasse med forbedret adsorbsjonsevne, mykhet og alkaliresistens. The present invention relates to a method for producing paper and viscose pulp with improved adsorption capacity, softness and alkali resistance.
Selv om papir- og viskosemasser og derav fremstilt papir eller andre ferdigprodukter som er beregnet for adsorberende formål og fremstilt i cellulosefabrikker, slik som papirlommetørkler, cellu-losewatt, bleier, duker, servietter, forbindingsmaterialer, damebind osv., har en betraktelig evne til å adsorbere væsker slik som vann, kroppsvæsker, plastoppl^sninger osv., foreligger det i forbindelse med disse produkter et behov for en øket adsorbsjonsevne samt forbedret mykhet og alkaliresistens. Forbedrede egenskaper i denne forbindelse skal imidlertid ikke medføre at produktene blir så dyre at de ikke kan selges. Although paper and viscose pulps and paper made from them or other finished products intended for adsorbing purposes and produced in cellulose factories, such as paper handkerchiefs, cellulose wadding, nappies, tablecloths, napkins, dressing materials, sanitary napkins, etc., have a considerable ability to adsorb liquids such as water, body fluids, plastic solutions, etc., in connection with these products there is a need for an increased adsorption capacity as well as improved softness and alkali resistance. However, improved properties in this regard shall not result in the products being so expensive that they cannot be sold.
Det er tidligere kjent at man kan modifisere cellulose-fibrers egenskaper ved å behandle ferdigprodukter baserte på cellu-losefibrer f.eks. bomullscellulose med et kryssbindemiddel som reagerer med cellulosemolekylene og danner kryssbindinger mellom disse. Det er videre kjent, f.eks. fra tysk patent nr. 1 184 201, at man ved It is previously known that the properties of cellulose fibers can be modified by treating finished products based on cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton cellulose with a cross-linking agent that reacts with the cellulose molecules and forms cross-links between them. It is further known, e.g. from German patent no. 1 184 201, that one knows
å behandle papirmasse med kryssbindemiddel i sterk alkalisk oppløs-ning før malingen og papirfremstillingen, kan oppnå et papir med forbedret porøsitet og adsorbsjonsevne. Sistnevnte metode er imidlertid forenet med betydelige ulemper i form av store materialtap og høye fremstillingsomkostninger, av hvilken grunn den ikke er gjennomførbar i praksis ved fremstilling av papir- eller viskosemasse av ved. For-målet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å eliminere ulempene med tidligere kjente metoder og på en enkel og økonomisk fordelaktig måte å tilveiebringe nye papir- eller viskosemasser med forbedret adsorbsjonsevne, mykhet og alkaliresistens, hvilke masser enten kan anvendes for seg i uforedlet tilstand f.eks. slik som adsorberende materiale i for-bindingsmateriale, bleier, damebind, dentale og kirurgiske adsorb-sjonsmaterialer eller de kan bearbeides videre til ferdige papirmate-rialer av den type der høy adsorbsjonsevne og alkaliresistens er av stor betydning, f.eks. filterpapir og laminatpapir samt forskjellige tissueprodukter slik som servietter, husholdningspapir, duker, lomme-tørklær, m.m. treating paper pulp with a cross-linking agent in a strong alkaline solution before painting and papermaking can achieve a paper with improved porosity and adsorption capacity. However, the latter method is associated with significant disadvantages in the form of large material losses and high production costs, for which reason it is not feasible in practice when producing paper or viscose pulp from wood. The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of previously known methods and in a simple and economically advantageous way to provide new paper or viscose pulps with improved adsorption capacity, softness and alkali resistance, which pulps can either be used on their own in an unprocessed state, e.g. . such as adsorbing material in dressing material, nappies, sanitary napkins, dental and surgical adsorption materials or they can be further processed into finished paper materials of the type where high adsorption capacity and alkali resistance are of great importance, e.g. filter paper and laminate paper as well as various tissue products such as napkins, household paper, tablecloths, handkerchiefs, etc.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det således tilveiebragt en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av papir- eller viskosemasse med forbedret adsorbsjonsevne, mykhet og alkaliresistens av trecellu-lose, hvorved massen behandles med alkali og et kryssbindemiddel fra gruppen polyhalogenider, polyepoksyder og epoksyhalogenider, fortrinnsvis epiklorhydrin, og denne fremgangsmåte er kjennetegnet ved at kryssbindemidlet og den alkaliske oppløsning som har en konsentrasjon på høyst 2.1 vektprosent alkali, tilsettes samtidig til massen ved en temperatur ved hvilken kryssbinding av cellulose finner sted, og at reaksjonen fortsettes i så lang tid at resistensen mot en 18 #-ig natriumhydroksydoppløsning ved 20°C målt ifølge SCAN-C 2:61 (Papper och Trå 43 (1961).-4, side 301 - 312), vanlig betegnet med R 18, for-høyes 1 - 16 %, hvorpå massen nøytraliseres og vaskes. According to the present invention, there is thus provided a method for producing paper or viscose pulp with improved adsorption capacity, softness and alkali resistance of wood cellulose, whereby the pulp is treated with alkali and a cross-linking agent from the group of polyhalides, polyepoxides and epoxyhalides, preferably epichlorohydrin, and this method is characterized by the fact that the cross-linking agent and the alkaline solution, which has a concentration of at most 2.1 percent by weight of alkali, are added simultaneously to the mass at a temperature at which cross-linking of cellulose takes place, and that the reaction is continued for such a long time that the resistance to an 18 #-ig sodium hydroxide solution at 20°C measured according to SCAN-C 2:61 (Papper och Trå 43 (1961).-4, pages 301 - 312), usually denoted by R 18, is increased by 1 - 16%, after which the mass is neutralized and washed .
Som utgangsmateriale kan man ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes en masse som er oppsluttet med vanlige kjemi-kalier slik som f.eks. sulfatmasse og sulfittmasse av papir- eller viskosetypen. Massen kan være ubleket eller bleket. Egnede viskosemasser har vanligvis en sammensetning som tilsvarer 88 - 100 % cellulose, '11 - 0 % hemicellulose og 1 - 0 % harpiks og øvrige bestand-deler. Egnede papirmas-ser har vanligvis sammensetningen 80 - 88 % cellulose, 18 - 15 % hemicellulose og 2 - 0 % harpiks og øvrige be-standdeler. Et vilkår er imidlertid at massen skal være fremstilt av tre-cellulose, slik som f.eks. tre fra furu, gran, bjerk, asp, poppel, bøk, jucalyptus,osv. Masser basert på annet utgangsmateriale, f.eks. bomullslinters kan ikke behandles ifølge oppfinnelsen blant annet på grunn av den dårlige reaksjonsevnen med kryssbindemiddel av den typen som anvendes i forbindelse med oppfinnelsen. As a starting material, in the method according to the invention, a mass can be used which has been mixed with common chemicals such as e.g. sulphate pulp and sulphite pulp of the paper or viscose type. The pulp can be unbleached or bleached. Suitable viscose masses usually have a composition corresponding to 88 - 100% cellulose, 11 - 0% hemicellulose and 1 - 0% resin and other components. Suitable paper pulps usually have the composition 80 - 88% cellulose, 18 - 15% hemicellulose and 2 - 0% resin and other ingredients. One condition, however, is that the pulp must be made from wood cellulose, such as e.g. wood from pine, fir, birch, aspen, poplar, beech, jucalyptus, etc. Masses based on other starting material, e.g. cotton linters cannot be treated according to the invention, among other things, due to the poor reactivity with cross-linking agents of the type used in connection with the invention.
De ifølge oppfinnelsen benyttede kryssbindemidler utgjøres av polyfunksjonelle stoffer fra gruppen polyhalogenider, polyepoksyder og epoksyhalogenider, som under kryssbindingsreaksjonen med cellulose krever en alkalisk katalysator. Med polyfunksjonelle menes her at de aktuelle stoffene skal ha minst to funksjonelle grupper som kan reagere med cellulosen under dannelse av kryssbindinger mellom hver fiber. Her menes således ikke kryssbindemidler, som gir kryssbindinger mellom cellulosemolekyler i forskjellige fibrer. Ved hjelp av den ifølge oppfinnelsen tilveiebragte kryssbindingen fikseres cellu-losekjedene i sine stillinger i fiberen slik at glidninger kjede mot kjede forhindres, samtidig som hemicellulosemolekylenes svellende inn-virkning på fibrene minsker. Egnede polyhalogenider for anvendelse ifølge oppfinnelsen er f.eks. organiske dihalogenider slik som diklor-aceton, dibromaceton, 1,3-diklorpropan, lj3-dibrompropan, 1,3-dijod-propan, 1,3-difluorpropan, 1,4-diklorbutan, 1,4-dibrombutan, l,4-di~ jodbutan, 1,4-difluorbutan, l,3-diklorpropanon-2, 1,3-dibrompropanon-2, 1,3-dijodpropanon-2, 1,3-difluorpropanon-2, l,4-diklorbutandion-2,3, 1,4-dibrombutandion-2, 1,4-dij odbutandion-2,3, 1,4-difluorbutandion-2>3, l,5-diklorpentandion-2,4, l,5-dibrompentandion-2,4, 1,5-dijod-pentandion-2,4, 1,5-difluorpentandion-2,4, .1,3-diklorpropanol-2, 1,3-dibrompropanol-2, 1,3-dijodpropanol-2, 1,3-difluorpropanol-2, 1,4-diklorbutandiol-2,3, 1,4-dibrombutandiol-2,3, 1,4-dij odbutandiol-2,3, 1,4-difluorbutandiol-2,3, 1,5-diklorpentandiol-2,4, 1,5-dibrompentan-diol-2,4, l,5-dijodpentandiol-2,4 og 1,5-difluorpentandiol-2,4, m.m. The crosslinking agents used according to the invention consist of polyfunctional substances from the group of polyhalides, polyepoxides and epoxyhalides, which require an alkaline catalyst during the crosslinking reaction with cellulose. Polyfunctional here means that the substances in question must have at least two functional groups that can react with the cellulose to form cross-links between each fiber. This does not mean cross-linking agents, which provide cross-links between cellulose molecules in different fibres. With the help of the cross-linking provided according to the invention, the cellulose chains are fixed in their positions in the fiber so that sliding chain to chain is prevented, while at the same time the swelling effect of the hemicellulose molecules on the fibers is reduced. Suitable polyhalides for use according to the invention are e.g. organic dihalides such as dichloroacetone, dibromoacetone, 1,3-dichloropropane, lj3-dibromopropane, 1,3-diiodo-propane, 1,3-difluoropropane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, 1,4-dibromobutane, l,4- di~ iodobutane, 1,4-difluorobutane, 1,3-dichloropropanone-2, 1,3-dibromopropanone-2, 1,3-diiodopropanone-2, 1,3-difluoropropanone-2, 1,4-dichlorobutanedione-2, 3, 1,4-dibromobutanedione-2, 1,4-dij odbutanedione-2,3, 1,4-difluorobutanedione-2>3, 1,5-dichloropentanedione-2,4, 1,5-dibromopentanedione-2,4 , 1,5-diiodopentanedione-2,4, 1,5-difluoropentanedione-2,4, .1,3-dichloropropanol-2, 1,3-dibromopropanol-2, 1,3-diiodopropanol-2, 1, 3-difluoropropanol-2, 1,4-dichlorobutanediol-2,3, 1,4-dibromobutanediol-2,3, 1,4-diiobutanediol-2,3, 1,4-difluorobutanediol-2,3, 1,5 -dichloropentanediol-2,4, 1,5-dibromopentanediol-2,4, 1,5-diiodopentanediol-2,4 and 1,5-difluoropentanediol-2,4, etc.
Egnede polyepoksyder for anvendelse ifølge oppfinnelsen Suitable polyepoxides for use according to the invention
er f.eks. butandiendioksyd, vinylcykloheksendioksyd, osv. is e.g. butane dioxide, vinylcyclohexene dioxide, etc.
Egnede epoksyhalogenider for anvendelse ifølge oppfinnelsen er f.eks. epiklorhydrin, epibromhydrin, epifluorhydrin,'epijod-hydrin. Også visse andre kryssbindemidler for cellulose, som krever basisk katalysator, kan benyttes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, f. eks. divinylbenzen, divinylsulfon, etylenimin og derivater derav, osv. Suitable epoxy halides for use according to the invention are e.g. epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, epifluorohydrin, 'epiiodohydrin. Certain other crosslinking agents for cellulose, which require a basic catalyst, can also be used according to the present invention, e.g. divinylbenzene, divinylsulfone, ethyleneimine and derivatives thereof, etc.
Med "alkali" i forbindelse med det ovenfor nevnte menes alkaliske katalysatorer for kryssbindingsreaksjonen. Egnede slike er alkalimetallhydroksyder, kalaiumhydroksyd og ammoniakk. Også aminer og kvartære ammoniumbaser slik som f.eks. metylamin, etylamin, iso-propylamin, dimetylamin, trimetylamin, dimetylbenzylamin, og tetra-butylammoniumhydroksyd kan brukes som alkaliske katalysatorer ifølge oppfinnelsen, skjønt den katalyserende effekt til disse stoffene i mange tilfeller er lavere blant annet på grunn av reaksjon med kryssbindemidlet og fordi prisen er så høy. Spesielt fordelaktig er det å bruke natriumhydroksyd, som jo finnes tilgjengelig ved de fleste cellulosefabrikker. By "alkali" in connection with the above is meant alkaline catalysts for the cross-linking reaction. Suitable such are alkali metal hydroxides, potassium hydroxide and ammonia. Also amines and quaternary ammonium bases such as e.g. methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide can be used as alkaline catalysts according to the invention, although the catalytic effect of these substances is in many cases lower due to, among other things, reaction with the crosslinking agent and because the price is so high. It is particularly advantageous to use sodium hydroxide, which is available at most cellulose factories.
Kryssbindingsreaksjonen ifølge oppfinnelsen forløper i overensstemmelse med nedenfor angitte skjema, i hvilket epiklorhydrin ble valgt som kryssbindemiddel og "cell" betegner et cellulosemolekyl. The cross-linking reaction according to the invention proceeds in accordance with the scheme indicated below, in which epichlorohydrin was chosen as cross-linking agent and "cell" denotes a cellulose molecule.
I det alkaliske miljø skjer dessuten samtidig en hydrolyse av epiklorhydrin ifølge nedenfor angitte skjema: In the alkaline environment, a hydrolysis of epichlorohydrin also takes place at the same time according to the scheme indicated below:
Parallelt med kryssbindingsreaksjonen skjer også en viss dannelse av celluloseetere. Alkalihydroksydoppløsningen og epiklorhydrinoppløs-ningen danner to separate flytende faser, av hvilken grunn reaksjonen krever god omrøring av massesuspensjonen hvis homogene reaksjonsbe-tingelser skal oppnås. Systemet kan overføres til en eneste flytende fase hvis man tilsetter ytterligere et polart organisk oppløsnings-middel, som delvis kan oppløse både vann og kryssbindemiddel av den anvendte type uten å reagere med dette og har et kokepunkt fortrinnsvis over 50°C. Spesielt egnet er det at oppløsningsmidlet også har et så høyt flammepunkt at eksplosjonsrisikoer unngåes ved de før behandlingen ifølge oppfinnelsen benyttede temperaturer. Oppløsningsmidler som kan brukes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er f.eks. aceton, tetrahydrofuran, dialkylsulfoksyder slik som f.eks. dimetylsulfoksyd med flere. In parallel with the cross-linking reaction, a certain formation of cellulose ethers also occurs. The alkali hydroxide solution and the epichlorohydrin solution form two separate liquid phases, for which reason the reaction requires good stirring of the mass suspension if homogeneous reaction conditions are to be achieved. The system can be transferred to a single liquid phase if an additional polar organic solvent is added, which can partially dissolve both water and crosslinking agent of the type used without reacting with it and has a boiling point preferably above 50°C. It is particularly suitable that the solvent also has such a high flash point that explosion risks are avoided at the temperatures used before the treatment according to the invention. Solvents that can be used according to the present invention are e.g. acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dialkyl sulphoxides such as e.g. dimethylsulfoxide and more.
Det er også mulig å tilveiebringe et flytende 1-fasesystem ved tilsetning av et vannoppløselig uorganisk salt som ved oppløsning i vann gir en pH-verdi på 6.5 - 7.5 og ikke utfeller eller på annen måte reagerer med kryssbindemidlet, f.eks. alkalimetallklorider, -bromider og -jodider, MgClg, CaC^, osv. Ved tilsetning av et slikt oppløsningsmiddel eller salt, oppnåes en forbedret homogenitet i reak-sj onsbetingelsene hvilket leder til en økning av kryssbindingsgraden, av hvilken grunn man på denne måte kan forkorte reaksjonstiden sammenlignet med 2-fasemetoden. It is also possible to provide a liquid 1-phase system by adding a water-soluble inorganic salt which, when dissolved in water, gives a pH value of 6.5 - 7.5 and does not precipitate or otherwise react with the cross-linking agent, e.g. alkali metal chlorides, bromides and iodides, MgClg, CaC^, etc. By adding such a solvent or salt, an improved homogeneity is achieved in the reaction conditions which leads to an increase in the degree of cross-linking, for which reason one can abbreviate in this way the reaction time compared to the 2-phase method.
Kryssbindingsreaksjonen kan utføres ved romtemperatur eller høyere temperatur. Egnede reaksjonstemperaturer i praksis er temperaturer på mellom 25° - 95°C, alt avhengig av den reaksjonstid som ønskes samt konsentrasjonene av alkali og kryssbindemiddel. Reaksjonstiden for tilveiebringelse av ønsket grad av kryssbinding er som regel fra 0.15 til 10 timer. Det har vist seg å være spesielt for-målstjenelig å bruke reaksjonstemperaturer på 30° - 50°C og en reaksjonstid på 1 - 3 timer. The cross-linking reaction can be carried out at room temperature or a higher temperature. Suitable reaction temperatures in practice are temperatures between 25° - 95°C, all depending on the desired reaction time and the concentrations of alkali and crosslinking agent. The reaction time for providing the desired degree of cross-linking is usually from 0.15 to 10 hours. It has proven to be particularly expedient to use reaction temperatures of 30° - 50°C and a reaction time of 1 - 3 hours.
Kryssbindingsreaksjonen kan utføres etter fremstillingen av viskose- eller papirmasse, dvs. separat på den ferdige massen, men det er også mulig å foreta den samme i et alkalitrinn under selve massefremstillingen, f.eks. i forbindelse med blekeprosessen, hvis blekede masser skal behandles. I dette tilfelle er det spesielt egnet å utføre kryssbindingsreaksjonen i noen av de alkalibehandlingstrinn som inngår i behandlingen med blekemiddel. Hvis det inngår flere alkalitrinn i blekeprosessen er det spesielt egnet ved behandlingen ifølge oppfinnelsen å benytte det siste av alkalitrinnene for å unngå at en del av kryssbindemidlet oppbrukes av de i foregående alkalitrinn dannede ligninprodukter. Ved behandling på denne måten lettes massens avvanning.i etterfølgende trinn og man drar nytte av det alkali som allerede befinner seg i massefremstillingsprosessen. The cross-linking reaction can be carried out after the production of viscose or paper pulp, i.e. separately on the finished pulp, but it is also possible to carry out the same in an alkali step during the pulp production itself, e.g. in connection with the bleaching process, if bleached pulp is to be treated. In this case, it is particularly suitable to carry out the cross-linking reaction in some of the alkali treatment steps included in the treatment with bleach. If several alkali steps are included in the bleaching process, it is particularly suitable for the treatment according to the invention to use the last of the alkali steps to avoid that part of the cross-linking agent is used up by the lignin products formed in the preceding alkali step. When treated in this way, the dewatering of the pulp is facilitated in subsequent steps and the alkali that is already present in the pulp production process is taken advantage of.
Konsentrasjonen av de stoffer som deltar i kryssbindingsreaksjonen, hvilket er av meget stor betydning for reaksjonens forløp og økonomi og det tilveiebragte produkts beskaffenhet, beskrives for tydelighets skyld i det følgende dels i vektprosent beregnet på den tørre cellulosemassen, dels i vektprosent beregnet på behandlingsvæsken. The concentration of the substances that participate in the cross-linking reaction, which is of very great importance for the course of the reaction and the economy and the nature of the product provided, is described in the following for the sake of clarity partly in weight percentage calculated on the dry cellulose pulp, partly in weight percentage calculated on the treatment liquid.
Beregnet i prosent av behandlingsvæskens vekt kan reaksjonen således ved anvendelse av 2-fasesystem gjennomføres med en alkalikonsentrasjon på 0.01 - 2.1 % og med et kryssbindemiddelinnhold på 0.05 - 8.8 %, Det er funnet å være spesielt fordelaktig å bruke en alkalikonsentrasjon på 0.2 - 0.6 % og et kryssbindemiddelinnhold på 0.5 - 4.4 %, Omregnet til vektprosent av absolutt tørr masse blir tilsvarende tall 0.5 - 12 %, fortrinnsvis 2 - 6 % alkali og 0.5 - 50 %, fortrinnsvis 5 - 25 % kryssbindemiddel. Mengden av kryssbindemiddel bør således være relativ høy i forhold til massemengden for at det skal oppnås god økonomi ved prosessen. Alkalimengden bør derimot ikke gå over 2.1 % beregnet på behandlingsvæskens vekt, etter som man ellers risikerer en frigjøring av hemicellulose, som gjør prosessen ugjennomførlig i praktisk drift. Ved en lav alkalikonsentrasjon mot-virkes videre foretring av cellulosen. Calculated as a percentage of the weight of the treatment liquid, the reaction can thus be carried out using a 2-phase system with an alkali concentration of 0.01 - 2.1% and with a cross-linking agent content of 0.05 - 8.8%. It has been found to be particularly advantageous to use an alkali concentration of 0.2 - 0.6% and a cross-linking agent content of 0.5 - 4.4%. Converted to weight percentage of absolute dry mass, the corresponding figure is 0.5 - 12%, preferably 2 - 6% alkali and 0.5 - 50%, preferably 5 - 25% crosslinking agent. The amount of cross-linking agent should thus be relatively high in relation to the amount of pulp in order to achieve good economy in the process. The amount of alkali, on the other hand, should not exceed 2.1% calculated on the weight of the treatment liquid, otherwise you risk the release of hemicellulose, which makes the process impractical in practical operation. At a low alkali concentration, further etherification of the cellulose is counteracted.
Ved anvendelse av et system med en eneste flytende fase, bør mengden av tilsatt organisk oppløsningsmiddel av den type som delvis oppløser både vann og kryssbindemiddel, utgjøre 5 - 50, fortrinnsvis 8 - 15 % av vekten på benyttet kryssbindemiddel. Således vil i dette tilfelle behandlingsvæsken, foruten de ovenfor angitte prosent-innhold for alkali og kryssbindemiddel, inneholde 0.25 - 4.4, fortrinnsvis 0.4 - 1.2 % av behandlingsvæskens vekt av dette organiske oppløsningsmiddel. Anvendes isteden et uorganisk salt for å tilveiebringe et nytt system med bare en flytende fase bør mengden av dette være opp til 40 - 70, fortrinnsvis 45 - 60 % av den benyttede mengden av kryssbindemiddel. I dette tilfelle vil således behandlingsvæsken, foruten alkali og kryssbindemiddel, inneholde 0.2 - 6.2, fortrinnsvis 0.5 - 2.2 % av behandlingsvæskens vekt av det uorganiske saltet. Res-terende mengde av behandlingsvæsken utgjøres av vann inklusive det med cellulosen eventuelt tilførte vannet. When using a system with a single liquid phase, the amount of added organic solvent of the type that partially dissolves both water and crosslinking agent should amount to 5 - 50, preferably 8 - 15% of the weight of the crosslinking agent used. Thus, in this case, the treatment liquid, in addition to the percentages stated above for alkali and cross-linking agent, will contain 0.25 - 4.4, preferably 0.4 - 1.2% of the treatment liquid's weight of this organic solvent. If an inorganic salt is used instead to provide a new system with only one liquid phase, the amount of this should be up to 40 - 70, preferably 45 - 60% of the amount of crosslinking agent used. In this case, the treatment liquid will thus, in addition to alkali and crosslinking agent, contain 0.2 - 6.2, preferably 0.5 - 2.2% of the treatment liquid's weight of the inorganic salt. The remaining amount of the treatment liquid is made up of water, including the water possibly added with the cellulose.
For å lette kryssbindemidlets dispergering i den alkaliske vannfasen kan man også tilsette en mindre mengde av et overflateaktivt stoff med gunstig struktur, f.eks. anionaktive, kationaktive og ikke-ioneaktive tensider av kjent type. Egnede slike stoffer er f.eks. ikke-ioneaktive tensider slik som alkylenoksydaddukter av fett-alkoholer, alkylfenoler osv., anionaktive alkylsulfater og alkylaryl-sulfonater, f.eks. laurylsulfat og kationaktivt cetylpyridinsulfat. Fuktemidlet kan tilsettes massen før, etter eller samtidig med til-setningen av alkali og/eller kryssbindemiddel. Spesielt egnet er det å tilsette fuktemidler samtidig med kryssbindemidlet for å lette den senere direkte dispergering i den alkaliske vannfasen. Egnet mengde av overflateaktivt stoff er 0.005 - 0.5 %, fortrinnsvis 0.01 - 0.1 % beregnet på mengden av tørr masse. To facilitate the dispersion of the cross-linking agent in the alkaline water phase, a small amount of a surface-active substance with a favorable structure can also be added, e.g. anion-active, cation-active and non-ion-active surfactants of known type. Suitable such substances are e.g. non-ionic surfactants such as alkylene oxide adducts of fatty alcohols, alkylphenols, etc., anionic alkyl sulfates and alkyl aryl sulfonates, e.g. lauryl sulfate and cationically active cetylpyridine sulfate. The wetting agent can be added to the mass before, after or simultaneously with the addition of alkali and/or cross-linking agent. It is particularly suitable to add wetting agents at the same time as the cross-linking agent to facilitate the subsequent direct dispersion in the alkaline water phase. A suitable amount of surfactant is 0.005 - 0.5%, preferably 0.01 - 0.1%, calculated on the amount of dry mass.
Det er ønskelig at massekonsentrasjonen er så høy som mulig under kryssbindingsreaksjonen for å undertrykke sidereaksjoner, men nevnte konsentrasjon får dog ikke være så høy at en god omblanding av reaksjonsmediet umuliggjøres. Reaksjonen kan således utføres ved massekonsentrasjoner over 10 %, Spesielt egnet massekonsentrasjoner under reaksjonen er funnet å være 25 - 60 %, fortrinnsvis 35 - 50 %. It is desirable that the mass concentration is as high as possible during the cross-linking reaction in order to suppress side reactions, but said concentration must not be so high that a good mixing of the reaction medium is made impossible. The reaction can thus be carried out at mass concentrations above 10%. Particularly suitable mass concentrations during the reaction have been found to be 25 - 60%, preferably 35 - 50%.
Ved den praktiske utførelsen av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan de ovenfor angitte egnede betingelser for reaksjonen tilveiebringes ved en fremgangsmåte bestående av blanding av papir-eller viskosemassen med en oppløsning inneholdende både alkali og kryssbindemiddel, utføring av kryssbindingsreaksjonen samt vasking av den reagerte massen. En spesielt egnet utførelsesform av fremgangsmåten er vist skjematisk på fig.l. Ifølge denne skjer etter blanding av massen med behandlingsvæsken til en massekonsentrasjon på 1 - 15 % » fortrinnsvis 5-10/5, en utskilling av behandlingsvæsken ved avpressing f.eks. i en presse eller i en sentrifuge under tilbakeføring av den avpressede væsken til blandingstrinnet og samtidig tilføring til dette av en tilstrekkelig mengde ny behandlingsvæske for å erstatte den forbrukte. Ifølge fig. 1 føres kryssbindemidlet fra tanken 1 til beholderen 4 og blandes der med alkalihydroksydoppløsning fra tanken 2. Eventuelt tilføres også en oppløsningsformidler i form av et organisk oppløsningsmiddel eller et uorganisk salt fra beholderen 3, hvis bare en flytende fase ønskes. Den ferdiggjorte behandlingsvæsken føres videre til blandingskaret 5, som er forsynt med en omrørings-anordning og blandes der med massen tilført gjennom ledningen 9. Den behandlede massen overføres til avpressingsanordningen 6 og gis der ønsket massekonsentrasjon. Avpresset behandlingsvæske tilbakeføres ved hjelp av pumpen 10 via ledningen 11 til blandingskaret 5, mens den avpressede massen overføres til reaksjonskaret 7, der den får reagere med behandlingsvæsken til ønsket grad av kryssbinding. Den reagerte massen vaskes deretter i beholderen 8. In the practical implementation of the method according to the invention, the above-mentioned suitable conditions for the reaction can be provided by a method consisting of mixing the paper or viscose pulp with a solution containing both alkali and cross-linking agent, carrying out the cross-linking reaction and washing the reacted pulp. A particularly suitable embodiment of the method is shown schematically in fig.l. According to this, after mixing the mass with the treatment liquid to a mass concentration of 1 - 15% » preferably 5-10/5, a separation of the treatment liquid occurs by squeezing, e.g. in a press or in a centrifuge while returning the squeezed liquid to the mixing stage and simultaneously adding to this a sufficient amount of new treatment liquid to replace the used one. According to fig. 1, the cross-linking agent is fed from tank 1 to container 4 and mixed there with alkali hydroxide solution from tank 2. Optionally, a solubilizer in the form of an organic solvent or an inorganic salt is also added from container 3, if only a liquid phase is desired. The finished treatment liquid is passed on to the mixing vessel 5, which is equipped with a stirring device and is mixed there with the mass supplied through the line 9. The treated mass is transferred to the squeezing device 6 and given there the desired mass concentration. Pressed-out treatment liquid is returned by means of the pump 10 via line 11 to the mixing vessel 5, while the pressed-out mass is transferred to the reaction vessel 7, where it is allowed to react with the treatment liquid to the desired degree of cross-linking. The reacted mass is then washed in the container 8.
Fremgangsmåten kan utføres såvel kontinuerlig som trinn-vis. Det er fordelaktig for prosessens økonomi hvis den avpressede oppløsningen inneholdende alkali og kryssbindemiddel tilbakesirkuleres i prosessen. Har man f.eks. en massekonsentrasjon på 8 % i blandingstrinnet og tilsetter 15 % kryssbindemiddel beregnet på tørr masse, kan man ved hjelp av pressing til en massekonsentrasjon på 35 - 50 % tilbakeføre 83 - 95 % av den tilsatte mengden kryssbindemiddel i prosessen, mens tilføringen av nytt kryssbindemiddel kan holdes ved 2.5 - 0.8 % beregnet på den tørre massen. Prosessen blir ved dette meget økonomisk. Vaskingen etter reaksjonstrinnet utføres fortrinnsvis under tilsetning av et nøytraliserende stoff, f.eks. en syre eller S02-vann, for nøytralisering av massen og fjerning av eventuelt overskudd kryssbindemiddel. En ifølge det ovenfor angitte behandlet masse kan uten videre viderebehandles f.eks. ved bleking eller et annet i masseprosessen ønskelig behandlingstrinn. The procedure can be carried out both continuously and step by step. It is advantageous for the economy of the process if the squeezed solution containing alkali and cross-linking agent is recirculated in the process. If you have e.g. a mass concentration of 8% in the mixing stage and add 15% cross-linking agent calculated on dry mass, by means of pressing to a mass concentration of 35 - 50%, 83 - 95% of the added amount of cross-linking agent can be recovered in the process, while the addition of new cross-linking agent can is kept at 2.5 - 0.8% calculated on the dry mass. The process is thus very economical. The washing after the reaction step is preferably carried out with the addition of a neutralizing substance, e.g. an acid or SO2 water, for neutralization of the mass and removal of any excess cross-linking agent. A pulp treated according to the above can be further processed without further ado, e.g. by bleaching or another desirable treatment step in the pulp process.
Oppfinnelsen belyses av nedenfor angitte utføringseksempel. Følgende målemetoder er anvendt ved disse: The invention is illustrated by the embodiment shown below. The following measurement methods are used for these:
Vannabsorbsjon ifølge Klemm Water absorption according to Klemm
Metoden er beskrevet i SCAN-P 13:64 (Papper och Tra 46 The method is described in SCAN-P 13:64 (Papper och Tra 46
(1964) 10, side 603-605) og angir sugehøyden i mm per 10 minutter for vann i en loddrett opphengt papirremse hvis nedre ende er nedsenket i vann. (1964) 10, pages 603-605) and indicates the suction height in mm per 10 minutes for water in a vertically suspended paper strip whose lower end is immersed in water.
Alkaliresistens ifølge SCAN- C 2:6l ( Rl8) Alkali resistance according to SCAN-C 2:6l (Rl8)
Ifølge metoden, som er publisert i Papper och Trå 43 (1961) 4, side 301-312, behandles massen med 18 55-ig natriumhydroksydoppløs-ning og frigjort stoff oksyderes med dikromat. Dikromatoverskuddet bestemmes volumetrisk. R 18 angir mengden av alkaliresistent masse som prosent av absolutt tørr masse. According to the method, which is published in Papper och Trå 43 (1961) 4, pages 301-312, the mass is treated with 18 55% sodium hydroxide solution and liberated substance is oxidized with dichromate. The dichromate excess is determined volumetrically. R 18 indicates the amount of alkali-resistant pulp as a percentage of absolute dry pulp.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Som utgangsmateriale anvendes en papirmasse fremstilt av furuved ved oppslutning ifølge sulfatmetoden og bleking med klor, natriumhydroklorid og klordioksyd, hvilket materiale hadde følgende utgangskarakteristika. Alkaliresistens R 18 ifølge SCAN-C 2:61:83.0%. Vannabsorbsjon ifølge Klemm: 80 mm/10 minutter. I en med rører forsynt beholder inneholdende 980 g vann ble det innført 6.5 g epiklorhydrin og 4 g NaOH, hvoretter det under omrøring ble tilført 370 g masse med tørrinnhold 27 %, tilsvarende 100 g absolutt tørr masse. Massekonsentrasjonen ble derved 8 % og behandlingsvæsken som gitt opp til 1150 ml inneholdt 0.57 vektprosent epiklorhydrin og 0.35 vektprosent NaOH. Omrøringen ble fortsatt i 5 minutter hvoretter den tilveiebragte massesuspensjon ble overført til en laboratoriepresse, der den ble presset til en massekonsentrasjon på 40 %. 70 % av den tilsatte mengde epiklorhydrin kunne på denne måten anvendes på nytt. Den pressede massen ble overført til en beholder, som ble nedsenket i et vannbad på 40°C, der massen fikk reagere i 3 timer. Deretter ble massen vasket ved 3 % massekonsentrasjon fire ganger med vann med mellomliggende sentrifugeringer, hvorved den andre vaskingen ble ut-ført med vann inneholdende 1 % SO^. En del av massen ble deretter oppslemmet i vann og formet til laboratorieark (hand sheets) med vekt 100 g/m 2 i en laboratoriepresse med trykk 7 kg/cm 2 for bestemmelse av vannabsorbsjonen, mens en annen del ble oppslemmet i 18 % NaOH for bestemmelse av alkaliresistensen. As starting material, a paper pulp produced from pine wood by digesting according to the sulphate method and bleaching with chlorine, sodium hydrochloride and chlorine dioxide is used, which material had the following starting characteristics. Alkali resistance R 18 according to SCAN-C 2:61:83.0%. Water absorption according to Klemm: 80 mm/10 minutes. In a container fitted with a stirrer containing 980 g of water, 6.5 g of epichlorohydrin and 4 g of NaOH were introduced, after which, with stirring, 370 g of mass with a dry content of 27%, corresponding to 100 g of absolute dry mass, was added. The mass concentration thereby became 8% and the treatment liquid, which was given up to 1150 ml, contained 0.57% by weight of epichlorohydrin and 0.35% by weight of NaOH. Stirring was continued for 5 minutes after which the resulting pulp suspension was transferred to a laboratory press, where it was pressed to a pulp concentration of 40%. 70% of the added amount of epichlorohydrin could in this way be used again. The pressed mass was transferred to a container, which was immersed in a water bath at 40°C, where the mass was allowed to react for 3 hours. The mass was then washed at 3% mass concentration four times with water with intermediate centrifugations, whereby the second washing was carried out with water containing 1% SO 3 . A part of the mass was then slurried in water and formed into laboratory sheets (hand sheets) with a weight of 100 g/m 2 in a laboratory press with a pressure of 7 kg/cm 2 for determining the water absorption, while another part was slurried in 18% NaOH for determination of the alkali resistance.
Den epiklorhydrinbehandlede massen hadde en alkaliresistens på 86.9 % og en vannabsorbsjon ifølge Klemm på 170 mm/ 10 minutter. Utbyttet av kryssbundet masse var 100.7 % og noe tap av, hemicellulose kunne således ikke konstanteres. Tilsvarende behandling av massen uten epiklorhydrin ga en alkaliresistens på 84.5 og en vann-absorbs jon på 101 mm/10 minutter. Hvis man istedenfor sammenligning benyttet en to-trinnsbehandling med sterk alkali i første trinn (8 % NaOH), avsentrifugering av alkali og behandling med 0.57 % epiklorhydrin ved 40°C i 5 timer ved massekonsentrasjonen 8 % uten mellomliggende avpressing av epiklorhydrin, ble det tilveiebragt en alkaliresistens på 94.6 % og en vannabsorbsjon på 197 mm/10 minutter. Masseutbyttet ble imidlertid bare 84 % s på grunn av at det fant sted en betydelig frigjørelse av hemicellulose. Hvis siste forsøk ble ut-ført under samme betingelser, men uten epiklorhydrinbehandling, ble det ved den foretatte korte alkaliseringen bare oppnådd en alkaliresistens på 92.3 % og en vannabsorbsjon på 180 mm/10 minutter samt et utbytte på 93 %. The epichlorohydrin-treated mass had an alkali resistance of 86.9% and a water absorption according to Klemm of 170 mm/10 minutes. The yield of cross-linked pulp was 100.7% and any loss of hemicellulose could thus not be determined. Corresponding treatment of the pulp without epichlorohydrin gave an alkali resistance of 84.5 and a water absorption of 101 mm/10 minutes. If, instead of comparison, a two-stage treatment with strong alkali was used in the first stage (8% NaOH), de-centrifugation of alkali and treatment with 0.57% epichlorohydrin at 40°C for 5 hours at the mass concentration 8% without intermediate squeezing out of epichlorohydrin, it was provided an alkali resistance of 94.6% and a water absorption of 197 mm/10 minutes. However, the mass yield was only 84% s due to the fact that a significant release of hemicellulose took place. If the last test was carried out under the same conditions, but without epichlorohydrin treatment, only an alkali resistance of 92.3% and a water absorption of 180 mm/10 minutes and a yield of 93% were achieved with the short alkalization carried out.
Dette forsøk viser således at en ønskelig forhøyelse av alkaliresistens og vannabsorbsjon virkelig kan gjennomføres ved hjelp av en behandling med sterk alkali eller ved hjelp av en slik behandling kombinert med en epiklorhydrinbehandling, men forsøket viser at frigjøringen av hemicellulose og cellulosenedbrytningsprodukter i disse tilfeller blir så stor at disse metoder ikke kan anvendes i praksis. Foruten en øket frigjøring av hemicellulose medfører høye alkali-konsentrasj oner også anseelig tap av kryssbindemiddel ved hydrolyse av dette, hvilket viser seg i lavere kryssbindingsgrad (R 18) beregnet på den anvendte mengde kryssbindemiddel. Hvis behandlingen derimot ifølge oppfinnelsen foretas med alkali i lav konsentrasjon i kombina-sjon med et kryssbindemiddel, kan ønsket alkaliresistens og vannab-sorbs jon oppnåes uten nevneverdig tap av masse og med et minimum av tap av kryssbindemiddel. This experiment thus shows that a desirable increase in alkali resistance and water absorption can really be achieved by means of a treatment with strong alkali or by means of such a treatment combined with an epichlorohydrin treatment, but the experiment shows that the release of hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown products in these cases becomes so great that these methods cannot be used in practice. In addition to an increased release of hemicellulose, high alkali concentrations also result in considerable loss of cross-linking agent by hydrolysis of this, which is reflected in a lower degree of cross-linking (R 18) calculated for the amount of cross-linking agent used. If, on the other hand, the treatment according to the invention is carried out with alkali in low concentration in combination with a cross-linking agent, the desired alkali resistance and water absorption can be achieved without significant loss of mass and with a minimum loss of cross-linking agent.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Dette forsøk ble utført under de samme betingelser som eksempel 1, men med en tilsetning på 14.0 g epiklorhydrin. Konsentrasjonen av epiklorhydrin i behandlingsvæsken var således 1.22 vektprosent. Den tilveiebragte kryssbundne massen hadde en alkaliresistens på 87.9 % og en vannadsorbsjon på 220 mm/10 minutter. Utbyttet var 100.1 %. This experiment was carried out under the same conditions as example 1, but with the addition of 14.0 g of epichlorohydrin. The concentration of epichlorohydrin in the treatment liquid was thus 1.22 percent by weight. The cross-linked mass provided had an alkali resistance of 87.9% and a water adsorption of 220 mm/10 minutes. The yield was 100.1%.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Eksempel 1 ble gjentatt med den forskjell at behandlingsvæsken inneholdt 4.1 vektprosent epiklorhydrin og 0.8 vektprosent NaOH. Herved kunne også 80 % av det tilsatte epiklorhydrin gjenvinnes. Den tilveiebragte kryssbundne massen oppviste en alkaliresistens på 95.3 % og en vannadsorbsjon på 345 mm/10 minutter. Utbyttet var 101. 5%. Example 1 was repeated with the difference that the treatment liquid contained 4.1 weight percent epichlorohydrin and 0.8 weight percent NaOH. In this way, 80% of the added epichlorohydrin could also be recovered. The cross-linked mass provided showed an alkali resistance of 95.3% and a water adsorption of 345 mm/10 minutes. The yield was 101.5%.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Eksempel 1 ble gjentatt med den forskjell at behandlingsvæsken inneholdt 3 vektprosent epiklorhydrin, O.38 vektprosent NaOH Example 1 was repeated with the difference that the treatment liquid contained 3% by weight epichlorohydrin, 0.38% by weight NaOH
og 0.2 vektprosent aceton og forelå således i bare en flytende fase og behandlingstemperaturen var 50°C og behandlingstiden etter press-ingen var 2 timer. Den tilveiebragte kryssbundne massen hadde en alkaliresistens på 92.1 % og en vannadsorbsjon på 300 mm/10 minutter, mens utbyttet var 100 %. Tilsvarende behandling, men uten aceton, ga en alkaliresistens på 90.2 %, en vannadsorbsjon på 264 mm/10 minutter og et utbytte på 99.8J5. and 0.2 weight percent acetone and was thus present in only a liquid phase and the treatment temperature was 50°C and the treatment time after pressing was 2 hours. The cross-linked mass provided had an alkali resistance of 92.1% and a water adsorption of 300 mm/10 minutes, while the yield was 100%. Similar treatment, but without acetone, gave an alkali resistance of 90.2%, a water adsorption of 264 mm/10 minutes and a yield of 99.8J5.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
100 g absolutt tørr bleket furusulfatmasse ble blandet nøye ved en massekonsentrasjon på 8 % med en behandlingsoppløsning inneholdende 0.5 % NaOH og 0.52 % 1,3-diklorpropan. Suspensjonen ble presset til 40 % massekonsentrasjon og den avpressede massen fikk reagere 3 timer ved 40°C, hvoretter reaksjonen ble brutt og produktet vasket ifølge eksempel 1. 100 g of absolutely dry bleached pine sulphate pulp was carefully mixed at a pulp concentration of 8% with a treatment solution containing 0.5% NaOH and 0.52% 1,3-dichloropropane. The suspension was pressed to 40% pulp concentration and the pressed pulp was allowed to react for 3 hours at 40°C, after which the reaction was broken and the product washed according to example 1.
Utgangsmassens analysedata: Analytical data of the starting mass:
R 18 = 83.5 R 18 = 83.5
Vannadsorbsjon 80 mm/10 minutter. Water absorption 80 mm/10 minutes.
Den ifølge oppfinnelsen behandlede masses analysedata: The analysis data of the pulp processed according to the invention:
R 18 - 85.2 R 18 - 85.2
Vannadsorbsjon 123 mm/10 minutter. Water absorption 123 mm/10 minutes.
Utbytte 98.6 % Yield 98.6%
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Eksempel 5 ble gjentatt, men med 1,3-diklorpropanol i stedet for 1,3-diklorpropan. Den behandlede massen oppnådde følgende analysedata: R 18 = 86.3 % Example 5 was repeated, but with 1,3-dichloropropanol instead of 1,3-dichloropropane. The treated pulp obtained the following analytical data: R 18 = 86.3%
Vannadsorbsjon 156 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 156 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 99.0 %. Yield 99.0%.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
Eksempel 5 ble gjentatt, men med 1,3-diklorpropanon istedenfor 1,3-diklorpropan. Den behandlede massen fikk følgende analysedata: R 18 = 85.6 % Example 5 was repeated, but with 1,3-dichloropropanone instead of 1,3-dichloropropane. The treated mass received the following analysis data: R 18 = 85.6%
Vannadsorbsjon 134 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 134 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 98.7 % Yield 98.7%
Eksempel 8 Example 8
Eksempel 5 ble gjentatt, men med epibromhydrin istedenfor 1,3-diklorpropan. Den behandlede massen oppnådde følgende analysedata: R 18 = 86.6 % Example 5 was repeated, but with epibromohydrin instead of 1,3-dichloropropane. The treated pulp obtained the following analytical data: R 18 = 86.6%
Vannadsorbsjon 164 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 164 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 99.3 %. Yield 99.3%.
Eksempel 9 Example 9
100 g tørr bleket gransulfittmasse (papirmassetype) ble blandet nøye ved 8 % massekonsentrasjon med en behandlingsoppløsning inneholdende 1.5 % NaOH og 2 % 1,3-diklorpropan. Suspensjonen ble 100 g of dry bleached spruce sulphite pulp (paper pulp type) was carefully mixed at 8% pulp concentration with a treatment solution containing 1.5% NaOH and 2% 1,3-dichloropropane. The suspension was
presset til 40 % massekonsentrasjon og den avpressede massen fikk reagere 2 timer .ved 50°C, hvoretter reaksjonen ble brutt og produktet vasket ifølge eksempel 1. pressed to 40% mass concentration and the pressed mass was allowed to react for 2 hours at 50°C, after which the reaction was broken and the product washed according to example 1.
Utgangsmassens analysedata The analysis data of the starting mass
R 18 = 83.2 % R 18 = 83.2%
Vannadsorbsjon 63 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 63 mm/10 minutes
Bare NaOH- behandlet masse Only NaOH-treated pulp
R 18 = 85.4 % R 18 = 85.4%
Vannadsorbsjon 102 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 102 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 94.2 % Yield 94.2%
Masse fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen Mass produced according to the invention
R 18 = 87.8 % R 18 = 87.8%
Vannadsorbsjon 138 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 138 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 97 % Yield 97%
Eksempel 10 Example 10
Eksempel 9 ble gjentatt, men med 1,3-diklorpropanol-2 istedenfor 1,3-diklorpropan. Det behandlede produkt hadde følgende analysedata: R 18 = 92.8 $ Example 9 was repeated, but with 1,3-dichloropropanol-2 instead of 1,3-dichloropropane. The treated product had the following analytical data: R 18 = 92.8 $
Vannadsorbsjon 194 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 194 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 98.6 % Yield 98.6%
Eksempel 11 Example 11
Eksempel 9 ble gjentatt, men med 1,3-diklorpropanon-2 istedenfor 1,3-diklorpropan. Den behandlede massen hadde følgende analysedata: R 18 = 90.2 % Example 9 was repeated, but with 1,3-dichloropropanone-2 instead of 1,3-dichloropropane. The treated pulp had the following analysis data: R 18 = 90.2%
Vannadsorbsjon 165 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 165 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 97.1 %. Yield 97.1%.
Eksempel 12 Example 12
Eksempel 9 ble gjentatt, men med epiklorhydrin istedenfor 1,3-diklorpropan. Den behandlede massen oppnådde følgende analysedata: R 18 = 96.4 % Example 9 was repeated, but with epichlorohydrin instead of 1,3-dichloropropane. The treated pulp obtained the following analytical data: R 18 = 96.4%
Vannadsorbsjon 232 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 232 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 99.2 %. Yield 99.2%.
Eksempel 13 Example 13
10.0 g absolutt tørr bleket gransulfittmasse (viskosemasse) ble blandet ved 8 % massekonsentrasjon med en behandlingsoppløsning 10.0 g of absolute dry bleached spruce sulphite pulp (viscose pulp) was mixed at 8% pulp concentration with a treatment solution
inneholdende 1 % NaOH og 4 % epibromhydrin. Suspensjonen ble presset til 45 % massekonsentrasjon og fikk reagere i 4 timer ved 40°C, hvoretter reaksjonen ble brutt og massen vasket ifølge eksempel 1. containing 1% NaOH and 4% epibromohydrin. The suspension was pressed to 45% mass concentration and allowed to react for 4 hours at 40°C, after which the reaction was broken and the mass washed according to example 1.
Utgangsmassens analysedata: Analytical data of the starting mass:
R 18 = 93.5 % R 18 = 93.5%
Vannadsorbsjon 100 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 100 mm/10 minutes
Bare NaOH- behandlet masse: Only NaOH-treated pulp:
R 18 = 94.7 % R 18 = 94.7%
Vannadsorbsjon 136 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 136 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 96.7 % Yield 96.7%
Masse fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen: Mass produced according to the invention:
R 18 = 98.7 % R 18 = 98.7%
Vannadsorbsjon 268 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 268 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 98.6 % Yield 98.6%
Eksempel 14 Example 14
100 g absolutt tørr bleket furusulfatmasse ble behandlet med en oppløsning inneholdende 0.35 % NaOH og O.87 % epiklorhydrin ved 8 % massekonsentrasjon under en reaksjonstid på 3 timer ved 40°C, hvoretter reaksjonen ble brutt og massen vasket ifølge eksempel 1. 100 g of absolutely dry bleached pine sulfate pulp was treated with a solution containing 0.35% NaOH and 0.87% epichlorohydrin at 8% pulp concentration for a reaction time of 3 hours at 40°C, after which the reaction was broken and the pulp was washed according to example 1.
Utgangsmassens analysedata: Analytical data of the starting mass:
R 18 = 83.5 % R 18 = 83.5%
Vannadsorbsjon 80 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 80 mm/10 minutes
Bare NaOH- behandlet masse: Only NaOH-treated pulp:
R 18 = 84.5 % R 18 = 84.5%
Vannadsorbsjon 101 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 101 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 97.3 f» Yield 97.3 f»
Masse fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen: Mass produced according to the invention:
R. 18 = 88.0 % R. 18 = 88.0%
Vannadsorbsjon 225 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 225 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 99.8 % Yield 99.8%
Masse fremstilt på tilsvarende måte, men med den forskjell at behandlingsoppløsningen dessuten ble tilsatt 0.1 % av et overflateaktivt fettalkoholetylenoksydaddukt ("Berol Visco 07") beregnet på den tørre massen, oppnådde ytterligere forbedret adsorbsjonsegenskaper Mass prepared in a similar way, but with the difference that the treatment solution was additionally added with 0.1% of a surface-active fatty alcohol ethylene oxide adduct ("Berol Visco 07") calculated on the dry mass, achieved further improved adsorption properties
ifølge nedenfor angitte: as stated below:
R 18 = 88.5 % R 18 = 88.5%
Vannadsorbsjon 238 mm/10 minutter Water absorption 238 mm/10 minutes
Utbytte 99.7 % Yield 99.7%
Eksempel 15 Example 15
100 g tørr bleket furusulfatmasse ble dannet ved 8 % massekonsentrasjon med en oppløsning inneholdende 0.35 % NaOH og 0.87% epiklorhydrin. Etter homogenisering ble suspensjonen presset til 27 % massekonsentrasjon, hvoretter den avpressede oppløsningen ble anvendt for tilsetning til ny masse sammen med ny tilførsel av en mengde NaOH og epiklorhydrin tilsvarende det som ble forbrukt i foregående tilsetning. Den avpressede massen fikk reagere i 3 timer ved 40°C, hvoretter reaksjonen ble brutt og massen vasket ifølge eksempel 1. Fremgangsmåten ble gjentatt ytterligere seks ganger og følgende analysedata ble tilveiebragt. (Utgangsmassens R 18 = 83.2 %). 100 g of dry bleached pine sulfate pulp was formed at 8% pulp concentration with a solution containing 0.35% NaOH and 0.87% epichlorohydrin. After homogenization, the suspension was pressed to 27% pulp concentration, after which the pressed solution was used for addition to new pulp together with a new supply of an amount of NaOH and epichlorohydrin corresponding to what was consumed in the previous addition. The pressed mass was allowed to react for 3 hours at 40°C, after which the reaction was interrupted and the mass was washed according to example 1. The procedure was repeated a further six times and the following analysis data were provided. (The R 18 of the starting mass = 83.2%).
Av ovenstående tabell fremgår det at R 18 blir konstant uten ekstra tilføring av epiklorhydrin i overskudd over den forbrukte mengden, av hvilken grunn prinsippet med tilbakesirkulering av kryssbindemidlet med fordel kan anvendes ved oppfinnelsens praktiske anvendelse. From the above table it appears that R 18 remains constant without additional addition of epichlorohydrin in excess of the amount consumed, for which reason the principle of recirculation of the cross-linking agent can be used with advantage in the practical application of the invention.
Eksempel 16 Example 16
Av en ifølge eksempel 15 tilsetning nr. 1 fremstilt papirmasse, ble det laget en bleie med dimensjonene 32 x 11.5 x 1 cm (baby's diaper) dannet av et ca. 1 cm tykt lag av tørrdefibrert masse (fluff) omgitt av et tynt beskyttelseshylster av cellulosevatt og over dette et tynt lag av fibrillert rayonfiber (nonwoven). Adsorbsjonskapasiteten for denne bleie ble bestemt ifølge en standard-metode, hvilket innebar at bleien ble fastgjort på undersiden av en hvelvforsynt plate i hvis sentrum det er et hull, ovenfor hvilket det er anbragt en by-rette inneholdende 300 ml vann. Fra byretten tilføres porsjonsvis vann til første dråpen kommer ut på undersiden av bleien. Tilsvarende prøve ble gjort for en på markedet forekommende bleie med samme oppbygning, men hvis adsorbsjonslag besto av ikke kryssbundet masse. Følgende resultater ble oppnådd: From a paper pulp produced according to example 15 addition no. 1, a diaper was made with the dimensions 32 x 11.5 x 1 cm (baby's diaper) formed from an approx. 1 cm thick layer of dry defibrated pulp (fluff) surrounded by a thin protective sleeve of cellulose wadding and above this a thin layer of fibrillated rayon fiber (nonwoven). The adsorption capacity for this nappy was determined according to a standard method, which meant that the nappy was attached to the underside of a vaulted plate in the center of which there is a hole, above which is placed a burette containing 300 ml of water. From the byret, water is added in portions until the first drop comes out on the underside of the nappy. A similar test was carried out for a nappy available on the market with the same structure, but whose adsorption layer consisted of non-cross-linked mass. The following results were obtained:
Den ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilte bleie hadde således The diaper produced according to the invention thus had
26 % forbedret adsorbsjonsevne, og kunne da adsorbere nesten 100 ml mer vann enn bleien som ble brukt for sammenligning. 26% improved adsorption capacity, and could then adsorb almost 100 ml more water than the nappy used for comparison.
Eksempel 17 Example 17
Av massen ifølge eksempel 15, porsjon 1, ble det fremstilt et kompress for forbinding- og blodoppsugningsformål med dimensjonene 0.5 x 10 x 10 cm med lignende oppbygning som bleien i eksempel 16. Kompressen inneholdt således et adsorbsjonslag av tørrdefibrert masse (fluff) behandlet ifølge oppfinnelsen og sammenpresset ved et trykk på 2 kg/cm 2, omsluttet av et tynt lag fibrillert rayonfiber (nonwoven) slik som en støybeskytter. Adsorbsjonskapasiteten for denne kompress ble bestemt ifølge eksempel 16 og sammenlignet med en på markedet forekommende kompress med samme oppbygning inneholdende ikke tverr-bundet masse. Følgende resultater ble oppnådd. From the pulp according to example 15, portion 1, a compress was produced for dressing and blood absorption purposes with the dimensions 0.5 x 10 x 10 cm with a similar structure to the diaper in example 16. The compress thus contained an adsorption layer of dry defibrated pulp (fluff) treated according to the invention and compressed at a pressure of 2 kg/cm 2 , surrounded by a thin layer of fibrillated rayon fiber (nonwoven) such as a noise protector. The adsorption capacity for this compress was determined according to example 16 and compared to a compress available on the market with the same structure containing non-cross-linked mass. The following results were obtained.
Den ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilte kompress hadde således 2 8 % forbedret adsorbsjonsevne sammenlignet med standardkompressen. The compress produced according to the invention thus had 28% improved adsorption capacity compared to the standard compress.
Eksempel 18 Example 18
Av massen ifølge eksempel 15, porsjon 1, ble det ved tørr-defibrering til fluff og forming i sigarettmaskin fremstilt spyttopp-sugende ruller for dentalt bruk med lengde på 4.5 cm og en diameter på 1 cm, hvilke ruller var forsynt med et tynt beskyttelseshylster av fibrillert rayonfiber. Adsorbsjonskapasiteten for disse rullene var 8.8 g/g rull, mens tilsvarende ruller inneholdende ikke kryssbundet fluff adsorberte 6.3 g/g rull. Rullene ifølge oppfinnelsen oppviste således 40 % forbedret adsorbsjonsevne. From the pulp according to example 15, portion 1, saliva-absorbing rolls for dental use with a length of 4.5 cm and a diameter of 1 cm were produced by dry defibration into fluff and shaping in a cigarette machine, which rolls were provided with a thin protective sleeve of fibrillated rayon fiber. The adsorption capacity for these rolls was 8.8 g/g roll, while corresponding rolls containing no cross-linked fluff adsorbed 6.3 g/g roll. The rolls according to the invention thus showed a 40% improved adsorption capacity.
Eksempel 19 Example 19
Av massen ifølge eksempel 15, porsjon 1 ble det fremstilt et i alt vesentlig ovalt damebind med dimensjonene 1.5 x 5.5 x 19 cm oppbygget av to lag fluff omsluttet av et tynt sjikt tissue, hvorved det ene fluffsjiktets ytterside dessuten var forsynt med en utenfor tissuen anbragt tynn plastfolie som beskyttelsesbarriere. Begge fluff-sjiktene ble videre sammenholdt av et hylster av dobbelte lag tissue, hvilket var sammenpresset langs samtlige av bindets kanter. Utenpå yttertissuen var det plasert et hylster av voluminøs bomull ca. 2 mm tykt. Rundt bindet var det. anbragt et hullet nett. Adsorbsjonsprøver viste at damebindene ifølge oppfinnelsen kunne adsorbere 6.6 g vann/g bind, mens bind fremstilt på tilsvarende måte inneholdende ikke kryssbundet fluff, bare kunne adsorbere 5.2 g/g bind. De ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilte bind-viste således en adsorbsjonsøkning på 27 %, Eksempel 20 From the mass according to example 15, portion 1, an essentially oval sanitary napkin with the dimensions 1.5 x 5.5 x 19 cm was produced, made up of two layers of fluff surrounded by a thin layer of tissue, whereby the outside of one layer of fluff was also provided with a layer placed outside the tissue thin plastic film as a protective barrier. Both fluff layers were further held together by a sleeve of double layers of tissue, which was compressed along all of the bandage's edges. A sleeve of voluminous cotton was placed on top of the outer tissue approx. 2 mm thick. Around the bandage it was. placed a perforated net. Adsorption tests showed that the sanitary pads according to the invention could adsorb 6.6 g of water/g pad, while pads produced in a similar way containing no cross-linked fluff could only adsorb 5.2 g/g pad. The binders produced according to the invention thus showed an adsorption increase of 27%, Example 20
Massen ifølge eksempel 15, porsjon 1 ble våtmalt i en Jordan-kvern til en malegrad på 23 Scoppe-Riegler. Den tilveiebragte massesuspensjon, som hadde en massekonsentrasjon på 0.2 % ble overført til en arkformingsmaskin for avsugning og forming til et papirbånd, hvilket ble opptatt på en Yankee-sylinder og kreppet. Av det kreppede papiret ble det laget lommetørklær, hvilke oppviste 28 % bedre ad-sorbs j onskapasitet sammenlignet med tilsvarende lommetørklær fremstilt av ikke-kryssbundet masse. The pulp according to Example 15, portion 1 was wet ground in a Jordan mill to a grinding degree of 23 Scoppe-Riegler. The resulting pulp suspension, which had a pulp concentration of 0.2%, was transferred to a sheet forming machine for suction and forming into a paper web, which was taken up on a Yankee cylinder and crimped. Handkerchiefs were made from the creped paper, which showed 28% better adsorption capacity compared to corresponding handkerchiefs made from non-crosslinked pulp.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8504102A FR2579211B1 (en) | 1985-03-20 | 1985-03-20 | FLUORINATED COPOLYMERS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO HYDROPHOBIC AND OLEOPHOBIC TREATMENT OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO861062L NO861062L (en) | 1986-09-22 |
NO165806B true NO165806B (en) | 1991-01-02 |
NO165806C NO165806C (en) | 1991-04-10 |
Family
ID=9317380
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NO861062A NO165806C (en) | 1985-03-20 | 1986-03-19 | FLUORABLE COPOLYMERS AND THEIR APPLICATION ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES. |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0195714B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS61236806A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910009380B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE39260T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU588024B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1282544C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3661421D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK171717B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8705477A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI83531C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2579211B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO165806C (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA862037B (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
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CA1314353C (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1993-03-09 | Donald L. Schmidt | Fluorocarbon containing, reactive polymeric surfactants and coating compositions therefrom |
JP2508760B2 (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1996-06-19 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Water and oil repellent with dirt removability |
US5143991A (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1992-09-01 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Copolymer desoiling agent |
AU640170B2 (en) * | 1989-09-30 | 1993-08-19 | Hoya Corporation | Contact lens |
JPH03281509A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-12-12 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Fluorinated acrylic polymer having lubricating effect and thermoplastic resin composition containing the same |
US5288825A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1994-02-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Company Ltd. | Fluoroacrylic polymer having lubricating effect and thermoplastic resin composition comprising same |
CA2050212C (en) * | 1990-09-03 | 1997-09-30 | Andrew M. Murray | Hair treatment composition |
FR2683535B1 (en) * | 1991-11-12 | 1994-10-28 | Atochem | NOVEL FLUORINATED COPOLYMERS AND THEIR USE FOR COATING AND IMPREGNATION OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES. |
DE4201604A1 (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-07-29 | Bayer Ag | FLUORINE COPOLYMERISATE AND AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS MADE THEREOF |
DE4201603A1 (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-07-29 | Bayer Ag | MIXTURES OF FLUORINE COPOLYMERISATE |
GB9204509D0 (en) * | 1992-03-02 | 1992-04-15 | Unilever Plc | Hair care composition |
FR2713649B1 (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1996-08-02 | Oreal | Film-forming composition containing a perfluorinated alkyl copolymer, usable as nail varnish. |
US6113925A (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 2000-09-05 | L'oreal | Method of forming a film using a composition containing a fluoroalkyl copolymer |
EP0714870A1 (en) | 1994-11-29 | 1996-06-05 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Process and composition for the oleophobic and hydrophobic treatment of construction materials |
US6037429A (en) | 1995-06-16 | 2000-03-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water-soluble fluorochemical polymers for use in water and oil repellent masonry treatments |
JPH11158037A (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-06-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corp | Cosmetic |
US6353051B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2002-03-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Top coating for synthetic leathers |
KR100477743B1 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2005-03-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Fluoride-based copolymer, polymeric gel electrolyte using the fluoride-based copolymer and lithium battery employing the polymeric gel electrolyte |
CN1934149B (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2010-11-24 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Waterproofing/oilproofing agent composition |
CA2560392A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Surface treating agent, fluorine-containing monomer and fluorine-containing polymer |
JP4677983B2 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2011-04-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Soil release agent containing a fluoropolymer |
WO2007007743A1 (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-18 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fluoropolymer and soil remover |
EP1972645B1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2009-11-11 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorobetaine copolymer and fire fighting foam concentrates therefrom |
EP2045276A1 (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-08 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer |
CN104087109A (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2014-10-08 | 大金工业株式会社 | Fluorine-containing polymer and aqueous treatment agent |
WO2014034607A1 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-06 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | Fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymer and unsaturated polyester resin composition containing same |
CN107849184A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-03-27 | 富士胶片株式会社 | The manufacture method of fluorinated copolymer, composition, optical film, hard coat film, polarizer and touch panel display and fluorinated copolymer |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1123829A (en) * | 1964-12-01 | 1968-08-14 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Fluorine containing copolymers |
US3654244A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-04-04 | Us Agriculture | Polymers for soil-release textile finishes |
JPS5235033B2 (en) * | 1972-11-24 | 1977-09-07 | ||
US3944527A (en) * | 1974-07-11 | 1976-03-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluoroaliphatic copolymers |
JPS5235033A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1977-03-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Construction for mounting an oil reservoir tank on a vehicle |
US4127711A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-11-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorine-containing terpolymers |
-
1985
- 1985-03-20 FR FR8504102A patent/FR2579211B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-03-12 AT AT86400531T patent/ATE39260T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-12 EP EP86400531A patent/EP0195714B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-12 DE DE8686400531T patent/DE3661421D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-17 KR KR1019860001945A patent/KR910009380B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-19 FI FI861157A patent/FI83531C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-19 ZA ZA862037A patent/ZA862037B/en unknown
- 1986-03-19 DK DK126186A patent/DK171717B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-19 NO NO861062A patent/NO165806C/en unknown
- 1986-03-19 AU AU54884/86A patent/AU588024B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-03-19 CA CA000504452A patent/CA1282544C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-20 ES ES553198A patent/ES8705477A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-20 JP JP61063841A patent/JPS61236806A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FI83531C (en) | 1991-07-25 |
AU588024B2 (en) | 1989-09-07 |
AU5488486A (en) | 1986-09-25 |
NO861062L (en) | 1986-09-22 |
ES553198A0 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
DK126186A (en) | 1986-09-21 |
FR2579211B1 (en) | 1987-09-18 |
FI861157A0 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
DK171717B1 (en) | 1997-04-07 |
JPS61236806A (en) | 1986-10-22 |
KR860007296A (en) | 1986-10-10 |
ATE39260T1 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
NO165806C (en) | 1991-04-10 |
KR910009380B1 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
ZA862037B (en) | 1986-11-26 |
DE3661421D1 (en) | 1989-01-19 |
ES8705477A1 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
EP0195714A1 (en) | 1986-09-24 |
CA1282544C (en) | 1991-04-02 |
FI83531B (en) | 1991-04-15 |
EP0195714B1 (en) | 1988-12-14 |
FI861157A (en) | 1986-09-21 |
FR2579211A1 (en) | 1986-09-26 |
DK126186D0 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
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