NO164981B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF DEALKYLATED 14-HYDROXY-MORPHINAN ALKALOIDS. - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF DEALKYLATED 14-HYDROXY-MORPHINAN ALKALOIDS. Download PDF

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Publication number
NO164981B
NO164981B NO852091A NO852091A NO164981B NO 164981 B NO164981 B NO 164981B NO 852091 A NO852091 A NO 852091A NO 852091 A NO852091 A NO 852091A NO 164981 B NO164981 B NO 164981B
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
force
transducer
channels
winding
dealkylated
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Application number
NO852091A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO164981C (en
NO852091L (en
Inventor
Christian Hoff
Christian Vergely
Original Assignee
Sanofi Sa
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanofi Sa filed Critical Sanofi Sa
Publication of NO852091L publication Critical patent/NO852091L/en
Publication of NO164981B publication Critical patent/NO164981B/en
Publication of NO164981C publication Critical patent/NO164981C/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D489/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula:
    • C07D489/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula: with a hetero atom directly attached in position 14
    • C07D489/08—Oxygen atom
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Other In-Based Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

1. A process for the dealkylation of 14-hydroxymorphinan alkaloids, characterized in that it consists in : 1) reacting the 14-hydroxy derivative of the formula : see diagramm : EP0164290,P5,F6 in which R' is CH3 or COCH3 , with excess ethyl chloroformate, in the presence of potassium carbonate and in a solvent, 2) subjecting the resulting carbamate of the formula : see diagramm : EP0164290,P5,F2 in which R' is CH3 or COCH3 , to hydrolysis in a strong acid medium to give the corresponding dealkylated derivative of the formula : see diagramm : EP0164290,P5,F3 in which R is CH3 or hydrogen.

Description

Magnetoelastisk giver. Magnetoelastic transducer.

For måling av mekaniske trykkrefter er det kjent å an-vende givere med an hjerne av massivt magnetisk materiale med on vikling som mate@ cad vakselstrbæ for frembringelse av .aa taagnet-Slukf i kjerneno Sea regel ar viklingen innkoblet i aa\fero-vedl' fejolip av hvilken mm raål©r den aadlriag av' givarane! isnéttktaao oop • :.@ppbfeflr niss fejarnen ©toattes for en atakanielk teaSfepåvir&aiago" ".•Sa :; |33.qC|pQ-.cod giwscjiara-toaao åst oe ' at påfejc^tøj^ ;ic^ •^ft^^aa m étaa båggdåogdo iaatseaaøaiag» Ityumo ofeitefc -e»Q£vviM-i5a($ opCSoos- hv©©2oe-.^looEliioeQia ^11 feas?© caøgoe- pfi ^©s? teaSeoa •sjabslMj !OO0iQ;-: P®s-å <g>fi teafieaagsJopofc ^oliib<g>itaorÉo raft' om eMcm^ vaz slbsgji For the measurement of mechanical pressure forces, it is known to use transducers with a core of massive magnetic material with a winding as a mate@ cad vakselstrbæ for producing .aa taagnet-Slukf in the core no Sea rule ar the winding connected in aa\fero-ved' fejolip of which mm raål©r the aadlriag of' the donors! isnéttktaao oop • :.@ppbfeflr niss fejarnen ©toattes for an atakanielk teaSfepåvir&aiago" ".•Sa :; |33.qC|pQ-.cod giwscjiara-toaao åst oe ' at påfejc^tøj^ ;ic^ •^ft^^aa m etaa båggdåogdo iaatseaaøaiag» Ityumo ofeitefc -e»Q£vviM-i5a($ opCSoos- hv© ©2oe-.^looEliioeQia ^11 feas?© caøgoe- pfi ^©s? teaSeoa •sjabslMj !OO0iQ;-: P®s-å <g>fi teafieaagsJopofc ^oliib<g>itaorÉo raft' om eMcm^ vaz slbsgji

ie"->. ÆSa.- ecsaoEcf-fe^aafc • toasvaa kjcrøao- ø@b ■<g>a©fc<g>&issH3s?$.o ss&£&æ£ loipgilsse-gdseo. og o<ao Ises os, ao{3i^&æs&?£5C«^^ <^~4 ie"->. ÆSa.- ecsaoEcf-fe^aafc • toasvaa kjcrøao- ø@b ■<g>a©fc<g>&issH3s?$.o ss&£&æ£ loipgilsse-gdseo. and o<ao Ises os, ao{3i^&æs&?£5C«^^ <^~4

|"e!rinåTe^T^ i kjernen. Viklingenes plan danner en rett vinkel med hinannen. Såvel viklingsarrangementet som ddt faktum at en stor del av magnetfluksen ved denne givertype ledes ved siden av nålesonen, gjor at giverens hbyde ikke.kan velges alt for lav hvis en veldefinert prosent av magnetfluksen skal måles. |"e!rinåTe^T^ in the core. The plane of the windings forms a right angle with each other. Both the winding arrangement and the fact that a large part of the magnetic flux in this type of transducer is directed next to the needle zone, means that the width of the transducer cannot be chosen too low if a well-defined percentage of the magnetic flux is to be measured.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en for måling av mekaniske The present invention relates to one for measuring mechanical

trykkrefter bestemt giver av den type som har en kjerne av magnetisk materiale forsynt med en magnetiseringsvikling, 03 hvis indul - tans er avhengig av den påvirkende trykkraft. Giveren har to fortrinnsvis planparallelle kraftangrepsflater og er forsynt med et antall gjennomgående kanaler som står i hovedsaken vinkelrett på kraftretningen og gjennom hvilke en magnetiseringsvikling er viklet Det særegne ved oppfinnelsen er at nevnte kanaler og viklinger er jevnt fordelt og ligger i minst ett plan som står i hovedsaken vinkelrett på kraftretningen. pressure force determined generator of the type which has a core of magnetic material provided with a magnetizing winding, 03 whose indul - tance is dependent on the influencing pressure force. The transducer has two preferably plane-parallel force attack surfaces and is provided with a number of continuous channels which are essentially perpendicular to the force direction and through which a magnetizing winding is wound. The peculiarity of the invention is that said channels and windings are evenly distributed and lie in at least one plane which is in the main case perpendicular to the direction of force.

Med en giver ifolge oppfinnelsen oppnås den fordel like overfor den fbrstnevnte kjente enkle induktive giver at man får en kraftintegrering over hele den flate-som påvirkes av trykkraften. Dette medfbrer at giverens hbyde kan gjbres ytterst liten, av stfJisrelsesordenen 1 cm, hvorved det også^blir mulig å bygge inn i giveren i meget trange rom. En giver ifolge oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles av massivt materiale med bibehold av den egenskap at integreringen over hele flaten blir tilfredsstillende. With a sensor according to the invention, the advantage is achieved over the above-mentioned known simple inductive sensor that you get a force integration over the entire surface - which is affected by the pressure force. This means that the height of the donor can be made extremely small, of the order of 1 cm, which also makes it possible to build into the donor in very narrow spaces. A transducer according to the invention can be made of solid material while maintaining the property that the integration over the entire surface is satisfactory.

På tegningen viser fig. 1 perspektivriss av en giver ifolge oppfinnelsen, f^g. 2 viser hvorledes givere kan anvendes til å bestemme vekten av en beholder, og fig. 3 viser en mulig kobling for veining av en beholder. In the drawing, fig. 1 perspective view of a donor according to the invention, fig. 2 shows how sensors can be used to determine the weight of a container, and fig. 3 shows a possible connection for weighing a container.

Giveren ifblgej oppfinnelsen omfatter en massiv eller lamellert kjerne 1 av magnetisk materiale og har fortrinnsvis to planparallelle flater 2? og 3 som utsettes for den kraft som skal måles. Disse flater er hensiktsmessig bearbeidet med stor nøyak-tighet, således at kråften blir jevnt fordelt ved anlegg mot flater av tilsvarende kvalitet. Kjernen har et antall kanaler 4 som ligger parallelt^med flatene 2 og 3. Kanalene er hensiktsmessig jevnt: fordelt; i kjernen, således at de kraftopptagende partier 5 The sensor according to the invention comprises a solid or laminated core 1 of magnetic material and preferably has two plane-parallel surfaces 2? and 3 which is subjected to the force to be measured. These surfaces are appropriately processed with great precision, so that the force is evenly distributed when it is applied to surfaces of similar quality. The core has a number of channels 4 which lie parallel to the surfaces 2 and 3. The channels are suitably evenly: distributed; in the core, so that the power-absorbing parts 5

mellom Kcanalene har samme bredde. For å få samme fblsomhet i hel i kjernen er bredden av partiet 6 mellom den ytterste kanal og kjer* between the Kcanals have the same width. In order to obtain the same flexibility throughout the core, the width of the section is 6 between the outermost channel and core*

I nens sidekant 7 halvparten så stor som for de bvrige partier. Av - j standen mellom kanalene er betydelig mindre enn kjernens tykkelse i måleretningen. Kanalene kan ha sirkulært eller avlangt snitt. En midtre vikling 8 er fort gjennom kanalene enten i siksak, som vist på fig. 1> eller på en annen hensiktsmessig måte; viklingen j er på i og for seg kjent måte tilsluttet en veksélstromkilde 9 og en måle- eller registreringsanordning 10 som ifblge fig. 3 kan ut" In nen's side edge 7 half as large as for the other parts. The distance between the channels is significantly smaller than the thickness of the core in the measurement direction. The channels can have a circular or elongated section. A middle winding 8 is fast through the channels either in zigzag, as shown in fig. 1> or in another appropriate way; the winding j is connected in a manner known per se to an alternating current source 9 and a measuring or recording device 10 as shown in fig. 3 can out"

j gjbres av en velkjent brokobling inneholdende en referanseinduk- j is generated by a well-known bridge coupling containing a reference induc-

I tans 11» en potensiometer 12 og et nullindikeringsinstrument 13. In tans 11» a potentiometer 12 and a zero indicating instrument 13.

I For å kompensere for den målefeil som kan oppstå på grunn i av variasjoner i spenning, frekvens og temperatur, utfores refe- ' ranseinduktansen 11 fortrinnsvis som en identisk, men ubelastet giver som er en etterligning; dé signaler som skyldes de nevnte forstyrrelser i de to givere, er rettet mot hinannen. De to givene anbringes selvfblgelig således at de får samme temperatur. j In order to compensate for the measurement error that may occur due to variations in voltage, frequency and temperature, the reference inductance 11 is preferably designed as an identical but unloaded transducer which is an imitation; the signals caused by the aforementioned disturbances in the two transmitters are directed towards each other. The two sources are of course positioned so that they reach the same temperature. j

i På grunn av sin lave hbyd.e er giveren særlig hensikts- ! messig for anvendelse i trange rom. Et eksempel herpå er for mål" ing av propelltrykk, hvor et antall givere anbringes i aksiallageret, enten bak lagerblokken eller bak blokkholderingen. Hvis etterlig-ningen anordnes på tilsvarende måte på aksiallagerets "bak"-side, fåes måleverdien med forskjellige -tegn for "frem"- og "tilbake". i Due to its low hbyd.e, the donor is particularly suitable! suitable for use in narrow spaces. An example of this is for the measurement of propeller pressure, where a number of sensors are placed in the axial bearing, either behind the bearing block or behind the block holder. If the simulation is arranged in a similar way on the "back" side of the axial bearing, the measured value is obtained with different signs for " back and forth".

Fig. 2 viser en annen anvendelse av giveren. En behol-ders yttervegg 20 er forsynt med et antall utstikkende parallell-epipediske festeelementer 21. Mellom et sådant element og et fun-dament 22 er en giver 23 lagt inn. En identisk giver 24 er anordnet ovenpå elementet 21. Beholderen er stilt opp ute og kommer derfor til å utsettes for sidekrefter, f.eks. vindtrykk som pilen 25 viser. For å hindre at béholderen velter, holdes den fast mot fundamentet ved hjelp av en til fundamentet bevegelig anordnet arm 26 som trykkes mot giveren 24 ved hjelp av et leddsystem som be-står av to ledd 28 og 29 som er leddbart forbundet med et ledd 30. Leddet 29 er dreibart festet til eh stbtte 31 og leddet 28 er dreibart festet til armen 26. Leddet 30 er utfort som et kneledd som er låst mot bevegelse oppad i den stilling figuren viser, men som svinger nedover når en viss trekkraft påtrykkes i pilens 32 ret-ning, således at armen 26 kan svinges med urviseren om sitt lag-ringspunkt i fundsmentet bort fra giveren 24. Fig. 2 shows another application of the donor. A container's outer wall 20 is provided with a number of protruding parallelepipedal fastening elements 21. Between such an element and a foundation 22, a donor 23 is inserted. An identical sensor 24 is arranged on top of the element 21. The container is set up outside and will therefore be exposed to lateral forces, e.g. wind pressure as shown by arrow 25. To prevent the container from tipping over, it is held firmly against the foundation by means of an arm 26 movable to the foundation, which is pressed against the transducer 24 by means of a joint system consisting of two joints 28 and 29, which are articulated by a joint 30 The joint 29 is rotatably attached to the arm 31 and the joint 28 is rotatably attached to the arm 26. The joint 30 is designed as a knee joint which is locked against upward movement in the position shown in the figure, but which swings downwards when a certain traction force is applied to the arrow's 32 direction, so that the arm 26 can be swung clockwise about its storage point in the foundation away from the transmitter 24.

Sylinderen påvirker over festeelementet 21 den nedre giver 23 med en kraft P, mens armen 26 påvirker begge givere med en kraft F. Hvis signalet fra giveren 24 subtraheres fra signalet fra giveren 23, fåes et signal som svarer til kraften P. Behold-Iren er ifblge fig. 2 forsynt med et antall i omtoetsretnTng~én~ jevnt fordelte anordninger. En vindkraft representert ved pilen 2> virker således at trykkraften P minsker på den viste giver 23, men 8ker med det tilsvarende beltSp på samme giver 1 den diametralt mot - satt liggende stotteanordning. Hvis derfor giverne 23 i samtlige stBtteanordninger seriekobles og der fra det derved erholdte signa', subtraheres signalet fra samtlige givere 24, f.es et signal som svarer til beholderens totalvekt, uavhengig av vindtrykket og an-ordningenes 26, 31 holdekraft. Et aktuelt anvendelsesområde for en sådan anordning er ved romraketter, hvos raketten utgjor beholderen og man ved hjelp av det viste arrangement av giverne på en enkel måte kan bestemme f.eks. hvor meget brensel som er påfylt. Da sig-nalene fra de to givere er koblet mot hinannen, fåes automatisk kompensering for variasjoner i holdekraften F, f.eks. på grunn av temperaturvariasjoner. Above the fastening element 21, the cylinder affects the lower transducer 23 with a force P, while the arm 26 affects both transducers with a force F. If the signal from the transducer 24 is subtracted from the signal from the transducer 23, a signal corresponding to the force P is obtained. The Behold-Iren is according to fig. 2 provided with a number of uniformly distributed devices in the surrounding area. A wind force represented by the arrow 2> acts so that the pressure force P decreases on the shown donor 23, but with the corresponding beltSp on the same donor 1 the diametrically opposite support device. If, therefore, the sensors 23 in all the support devices are connected in series and from the thereby obtained signal, the signal from all the sensors 24 is subtracted, i.e. a signal corresponding to the total weight of the container, regardless of the wind pressure and the devices 26, 31's holding power. A relevant area of application for such a device is for space rockets, where the rocket forms the container and with the help of the shown arrangement of the sensors it is possible to determine e.g. how much fuel has been filled. As the signals from the two sensors are connected to each other, automatic compensation is obtained for variations in the holding force F, e.g. due to temperature variations.

Claims (3)

1. For måling av mekaniske trykkrefter bestemt giver av den art som har en kjerne av magnetisk materiale forsynt med en magne-tiser inga vikl ing, og hvis induktans er avhengig av den påvirkende trykkraft, idet giveren har to fortrinnsvis planparallelle kraftangrepsflater, og er forsynt med et antall gjennomgående kanaler som står i hovedsaken vinkelrett på kraftretningen og gjennom hvilke/ J viklingen er viklet, karakterisert ved at kanalene og viklingene er jevnt fordelt og ligger i minst ett plan som står i hovedsaken vinkelrett på kraftretningen. i 1. For the measurement of mechanical compressive forces, a transducer of the kind which has a core of magnetic material provided with a magnetizer no winding, and whose inductance is dependent on the affecting compressive force, as the transducer has two preferably plane-parallel force attack surfaces, and is provided with a number of continuous channels which are essentially perpendicular to the direction of force and through which/ J the winding is wound, characterized in that the channels and windings are evenly distributed and lie in at least one plane which is essentially perpendicular to the direction of force. in 2. Giver i henhold til krav 1, karakterisert ved at avstanden mellom giverens sidekant og den nærmest sidekantea liggende kanal er halvdel@n av avstanden aellom to nærliggende ka-nalar .2. Transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the side edge of the transducer and the channel closest to the side edge is half of the distance between two adjacent channels. 3. Giver i henfaold til tsrav i §g I, kar a'fe t a r i i s e r t ved at kanalen© es? asaordnee jl ajUaofc ea sakke par alla le taa I kraf tangrepsf laten. !■;.-, '"' Vi':.'^3. Gives in relation to tsrav in §g I, kar a'fe t a r i i s e r t by the channel © es? asaordnee jl ajUaofc ea sakke par alla le taa I kraf tangrepsf laten. !■;.-, '"' We':.'^
NO852091A 1984-05-25 1985-05-24 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF DEALKYLATED 14-HYDROXY-MORPHINAN ALKALOIDS. NO164981C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8408273A FR2564838B1 (en) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 PROCESS FOR DEALKYLATION OF ALKALOIDS AND INTERMEDIATES

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO852091L NO852091L (en) 1985-11-26
NO164981B true NO164981B (en) 1990-08-27
NO164981C NO164981C (en) 1990-12-05

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NO852091A NO164981C (en) 1984-05-25 1985-05-24 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF DEALKYLATED 14-HYDROXY-MORPHINAN ALKALOIDS.

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0164290B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60258183A (en)
AT (1) ATE46163T1 (en)
AU (1) AU577379B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1244825A (en)
DE (1) DE3572819D1 (en)
DK (1) DK160048C (en)
ES (1) ES8603893A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2564838B1 (en)
NO (1) NO164981C (en)
NZ (1) NZ212193A (en)
PT (1) PT80519B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4795813A (en) * 1981-08-17 1989-01-03 The Florida Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The Florida State University Synthesis of derivatives of codeine and other 3-O-alkylmorphines
US6067749A (en) * 1996-07-11 2000-05-30 Tasmanian Alkaloids Pty. Ltd. Papaver somniferum strain with high concentration of thebaine and oripavine
GB2438400A (en) * 2006-05-25 2007-11-28 Alpharma Aps N-Demethylation of 14-hydroxy morphinans with alpha-chloroethyl chloroformate
GB2444052A (en) * 2006-05-25 2008-05-28 Alpharma Aps Processes of preparing morphinan derivatives such as naltrexone and naloxone comprising O- and N-demethylation and reductive alkylation steps
GB2438401A (en) * 2006-05-25 2007-11-28 Alpharma Aps Preparation of morphinan derivatives comprising N-demethylation, reductive amination and O-demethylation steps
US7999104B2 (en) * 2007-06-29 2011-08-16 Brock University Methods for one-pot N-demethylation/N-acylation of morphine and tropane alkaloids
US8962841B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2015-02-24 Brock University Methods for one-pot N-demethylation/N-functionalization of morphine and tropane alkaloids
US8101757B2 (en) * 2007-12-17 2012-01-24 Mallinckrodt Llc Processes for the preparation of normorphinan salts
US9131649B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2015-09-15 Tasmanian Alkaloids Pty. Ltd Papaver somniferum strain with high concentration of thebaine
AU2009233315B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2013-08-29 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. An improved process for the preparation of morphinane analogues
CA2936749C (en) 2010-06-11 2019-07-09 Joshua R. Giguere Transition metal-catalyzed processes for the preparation of n-allyl compounds and use thereof
EP2580218B1 (en) 2010-06-11 2015-02-25 Rhodes Technologies Process for n-dealkylation of tertiary amines
WO2012151669A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-15 Brock University Process for the preparation of morphine analogs via metal catalyzed n-demethylation/functionalization and intramolecular group transfer

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US4141807A (en) * 1977-03-01 1979-02-27 Stauffer Chemical Company Photopolymerizable composition stabilized with nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds
DE2727805A1 (en) * 1977-06-21 1979-01-04 Goedecke Ag METHOD FOR PRODUCING OXYNORMORPHONE
US4390699A (en) * 1981-07-16 1983-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services 6-Keto-morphinans belonging to the 14-hydroxy-series
US4472253A (en) * 1981-08-17 1984-09-18 The Florida Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The Florida State University Process for the preparation of an N-substituted 3-O-alkyl-14-hydroxynormorphinone derivative
FR2533561B1 (en) * 1982-09-24 1986-07-25 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF VINYL CARBAMATES AND NOVEL VINYL CARBAMATES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4284385A (en) 1985-11-28
DK160048B (en) 1991-01-21
CA1244825A (en) 1988-11-15
ES543338A0 (en) 1986-01-01
DK227685A (en) 1985-11-26
ES8603893A1 (en) 1986-01-01
FR2564838B1 (en) 1986-11-07
JPS60258183A (en) 1985-12-20
PT80519B (en) 1988-01-22
DE3572819D1 (en) 1989-10-12
ATE46163T1 (en) 1989-09-15
NZ212193A (en) 1988-10-28
NO164981C (en) 1990-12-05
PT80519A (en) 1985-06-01
DK227685D0 (en) 1985-05-22
AU577379B2 (en) 1988-09-22
NO852091L (en) 1985-11-26
EP0164290A1 (en) 1985-12-11
EP0164290B1 (en) 1989-09-06
FR2564838A1 (en) 1985-11-29
DK160048C (en) 1991-06-17

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