NO151947B - Steam boiler with swirl layer fireplace - Google Patents

Steam boiler with swirl layer fireplace Download PDF

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Publication number
NO151947B
NO151947B NO792947A NO792947A NO151947B NO 151947 B NO151947 B NO 151947B NO 792947 A NO792947 A NO 792947A NO 792947 A NO792947 A NO 792947A NO 151947 B NO151947 B NO 151947B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
layer
air
steam boiler
air nozzles
pipe system
Prior art date
Application number
NO792947A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO151947C (en
NO792947L (en
Inventor
Hermann Ostendorf
Original Assignee
Babcock Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock Ag filed Critical Babcock Ag
Publication of NO792947L publication Critical patent/NO792947L/en
Publication of NO151947B publication Critical patent/NO151947B/en
Publication of NO151947C publication Critical patent/NO151947C/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/0023Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes in the bed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Description

Oppfinnelsen gjelder en dampkjel av det slag som The invention relates to a steam boiler of the kind which

er angitt i innledning til patentkrav 1. is stated in the introduction to patent claim 1.

Ved slike fyringsanlegg, kalt virvellagstypen, In such combustion plants, called the vortex bed type,

blir fordampningsflata i virvellaget dimensjonert slik at det holdes konstant temperatur i laget. Ved partiell belastning av kjelen må det opprettholdes optimal temperatur i laget, dvs. det må ledes bort en tilsvarende mindre varmemengde fra virvellaget. Det er i og for seg mulig å oppnå dette ved å redusere kjølingen av fordampningsrørene. En slik minsket kjøleeffekt vil imidlertid resultere i at temperaturen i rørveggene blir for høy til å kunne tåles av vanlige materialer for dampkjelkonstruksjoner. the evaporation surface in the vortex layer is dimensioned so that a constant temperature is maintained in the layer. When the boiler is partially loaded, an optimum temperature must be maintained in the layer, i.e. a correspondingly smaller amount of heat must be led away from the swirl layer. It is in itself possible to achieve this by reducing the cooling of the evaporation pipes. However, such a reduced cooling effect will result in the temperature in the pipe walls being too high to be tolerated by normal materials for steam boiler constructions.

Det er i denne forbindelse kjent å anordne In this connection, it is known to arrange

virvellaget med variabel dybde. Det rørstykke som er neddykket i virvellaget, skråner imidlertid slik i forhold til vertikal- og horisontalplanet at lengden av det nedsenkete rørstykket er avhengig av virvellagets dybde. Virvellagets tykkelse og dermed dets funksjon påvirkes ved endring av dybden. Ved delbelastning av kjelen kan virvellaget derfor ikke lenger innstilles optimalt i forhold til forbrenningen. Dessuten begrenses the vortex layer with variable depth. The piece of pipe that is submerged in the vortex layer is, however, inclined in such a way in relation to the vertical and horizontal plane that the length of the submerged piece of pipe is dependent on the depth of the vortex layer. The thickness of the vortex layer and thus its function is affected by changing the depth. When the boiler is partially loaded, the swirl layer can therefore no longer be set optimally in relation to the combustion. Also limited

reguleringsområdet sterkt. the regulatory area strongly.

Det er videre kjent å dele virvellaget inn i et It is further known to divide the vortex layer into a

antall seksjoner, som er forsynt med hver sin number of sections, which are each provided with their own

varmevekslerinnretning. Under kjelens drift vil ved delbelastning enkelte seksjoner ikke bli koblet inn. Ved heat exchanger device. During the boiler's operation, at partial load, certain sections will not be switched on. By

drift med partiell belastning kan det derfor bare skje en trinnvis innstilling. operation with partial load, a step-by-step setting can therefore only take place.

Fra SE-PS 148.551 er det kjent å utforme en virvelsjiktovn, hvor avstanden mellom luftdysenes utløp og fordampningsrørsystemet kan varieres. Forandringen skjer ved at enten bunnen som bærer luftdysene eller selve fordampningsrørsystemet kan innstilles i høyden. Begge utforminger krever komplisert utstyr og skaper From SE-PS 148.551 it is known to design a fluidized bed furnace, where the distance between the outlet of the air nozzles and the evaporation pipe system can be varied. The change takes place by either the bottom carrying the air nozzles or the evaporation pipe system itself being adjustable in height. Both designs require complicated equipment and create

tetningsproblemer. sealing problems.

Oppfinnelsen tar sikte på å skape en enkel belastningsregulering som sikrer at både innerveggkjølingen av fordampningsrørene og virvellagets egenskaper opprettholdes optimalt. The invention aims to create a simple load regulation that ensures that both the inner wall cooling of the evaporation tubes and the characteristics of the vortex layer are optimally maintained.

I samsvar med oppfinnelsen kan dette oppnås som According to the invention, this can be achieved as

angitt i den karakteriserende delen av patentkravet. stated in the characterizing part of the patent claim.

Ved å forandre høyden på hetta rundt luftdysene ' By changing the height of the hood around the air nozzles'

endres høyden på luftutløpet. På denne måten blir høyden på fordampningsrørsystemet i forhold til luftutløpet endret. Høydereguleringen for hetta kan gjennomføres med enkle, i the height of the air outlet changes. In this way, the height of the evaporation pipe system in relation to the air outlet is changed. The height adjustment for the hood can be carried out with simple, i

og for seg kjente midler, som vil bli eksemplifisert nedenfor. and per se known means, which will be exemplified below.

En detaljert beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen følger nedenfor under henvisning til tegningen, hvor: Fig. viser et vertikalsnitt gjennom en utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen. A detailed description of the invention follows below with reference to the drawing, where: Fig. shows a vertical section through an embodiment of the invention.

Den viste dampkjel har et ovnsrom 1 hvor The steam boiler shown has a furnace chamber 1 where

sideveggene kan være dannet av kjølte rørvegger. I the side walls can be formed from cooled pipe walls. IN

ovnsrommets øvre del eller i en særskilt rørgasskanal, som er forbundet med ovnsrommet 1, er anordnet (ikke viste) etterkoblete heteflater. Over en dysebunn 2 i den nedre del av ovnsrommet 1 befinner seg et virvellag 3. Et fordampningsrørsystem 4, som bare er skjemtisk antydet, er anordnet inne virvellaget 3. in the upper part of the furnace chamber or in a special pipe gas channel, which is connected to the furnace chamber 1, are arranged (not shown) connected hot surfaces. Above a nozzle base 2 in the lower part of the furnace chamber 1 is a vortex layer 3. An evaporation pipe system 4, which is only schematically indicated, is arranged inside the vortex layer 3.

Fra en tilførselsledning (ikke vist) kommer forbrenningslufta inn i en luftbeholder 7 som er plassert under dysebunnen 2. To luftdyser 8 strekker seg fra luftbeholderen 7 og er ført gjennom dysebunnen 2 samt rager opp over denne. Mellom dysebunnen 2 og luftdysenes 8 luftutløpstverrsnitt befinner seg et stasjonært, inert, isolerende askesjikt 9 som ikke deltar i reaksjonene inne i virvellaget 3. Det er klart at høyden av det stasjonære sjiktet 9 bestemmes ved avstanden fra luftdysenes 8 luftutløpstverrsnitt til dysebunnen 2. From a supply line (not shown) the combustion air enters an air container 7 which is placed under the nozzle base 2. Two air nozzles 8 extend from the air container 7 and are led through the nozzle base 2 and protrude above it. Between the nozzle base 2 and the air outlet cross-section of the air nozzles 8 is a stationary, inert, insulating ash layer 9 which does not participate in the reactions inside the vortex layer 3. It is clear that the height of the stationary layer 9 is determined by the distance from the air outlet cross-section of the air nozzles 8 to the nozzle base 2.

Luftdysene 8 er ved sin øvre ende omgitt av hver sin omsluttende, klokkelignende hette 12. Porbrenningsluften unnslipper ved underkanten av hetta 12 gjennom den spalten som er dannet mellom luftdysen 8 og hetta 12. Hetta 12 er forbundet med ei reguleringsstang 13, som er ført gjennom luftdysen 8 og luftbeholderen 7. En reguleringsanordning 14 angriper på den motsatte enden av stanga 13. Reguleringsstengene 13 kan også være holdt sammen ved hjelp av ei tverrstang 15. Ved forskyvning av reguleringsstanga 13 kan høyden av luftutløpstverrsnittet ved hettas 12 underkant reguleres. En variasjonsmulighet går ut på at tverrstanga 15 er anordnet i luftbeholderen 7, idet bare ei reguleringsstang må være ført gjennom luftbeholdren 7 til reguleringsanordningen 14. The air nozzles 8 are surrounded at their upper end by each enclosing, bell-like hood 12. The pore combustion air escapes at the lower edge of the hood 12 through the gap formed between the air nozzle 8 and the hood 12. The hood 12 is connected to a regulating rod 13, which is passed through the air nozzle 8 and the air container 7. A regulating device 14 engages the opposite end of the rod 13. The regulating rods 13 can also be held together by means of a cross rod 15. By shifting the regulating rod 13, the height of the air outlet cross-section at the lower edge of the hood 12 can be regulated. One possibility of variation is that the cross rod 15 is arranged in the air container 7, as only one control rod must be led through the air container 7 to the control device 14.

Hvis det i det beskrevne brennkammeret med virvellag til brensel benyttes brennstoffer med en høy nedre varmeverdi, f.eks. høyverdige kull med lavt vanninnhold, må det i virvellaget dessuten innbygges et overheter-rørsystem 16. For å unngå vansker ved igangsettingen av anlegget, må overheter-rørsystemet 16 anordnes mellom dysebunnen 2 og fordampningsrørsystemet 4. Ved igangsettingen må da - ved å benytte en av de foran angitt muligheter - høyden av det stasjonære sjikt 9 velges så stor at overheter-rørsysmetet 16 blir liggende fullstendig innenfor det stasjonære sjiktet. Under driften kan så det stasjonære sjiktet 9 senkes, slik at også overheter-rørsystemet 16 strekker seg inn i virvellaget 3 og kan oppta varme. If fuels with a high lower calorific value are used in the described combustion chamber with a vortex layer for fuel, e.g. high-quality coal with a low water content, a superheater pipe system 16 must also be built into the vortex layer. To avoid difficulties when starting up the plant, the superheater pipe system 16 must be arranged between the nozzle base 2 and the evaporation pipe system 4. During the start-up, then - by using one of the previously stated possibilities - the height of the stationary layer 9 is chosen so large that the superheater pipe system 16 lies completely within the stationary layer. During operation, the stationary layer 9 can then be lowered, so that the superheater pipe system 16 also extends into the vortex layer 3 and can absorb heat.

Claims (1)

Dampkjel med en brennkammer hvori det befinner seg et virvellag (3), og hvor det gjennom kammerets (1) dysebunn (2) strekker seg luftdyser (8) for tilførsel av forbrenningsluft, samt hvor det i virvellaget er anordnet et fordampningsrørsystem, idet avstanden mellom luftdysenes (8) utløp og fordampningsrørsystemet (4) kan varieres, karakterisert ved at luftdysenes (8) øvre ender er omsluttet av ei hette (12) som er høyderegulerbar i forhold til de enkelte luftdyser (8).Steam boiler with a combustion chamber in which there is a vortex layer (3), and where air nozzles (8) extend through the nozzle base (2) of the chamber (1) for the supply of combustion air, and where an evaporation pipe system is arranged in the vortex layer, as the distance between the outlet of the air nozzles (8) and the evaporation pipe system (4) can be varied, characterized by the fact that the upper ends of the air nozzles (8) are enclosed by a hood (12) which can be adjusted in height in relation to the individual air nozzles (8).
NO792947A 1978-11-22 1979-09-12 Steam boiler with vortex layer fireplace NO151947C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2850536A DE2850536C2 (en) 1978-11-22 1978-11-22 Steam generator with fluidized bed combustion chamber

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO792947L NO792947L (en) 1980-05-23
NO151947B true NO151947B (en) 1985-03-25
NO151947C NO151947C (en) 1985-07-10

Family

ID=6055271

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO792947A NO151947C (en) 1978-11-22 1979-09-12 Steam boiler with vortex layer fireplace

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4313398A (en)
BE (1) BE878777A (en)
DE (1) DE2850536C2 (en)
DK (1) DK148948C (en)
NL (1) NL183960C (en)
NO (1) NO151947C (en)
YU (1) YU283779A (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH662639A5 (en) * 1981-12-10 1987-10-15 Sulzer Ag HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FLUID BED FIRING.
FR2527760B1 (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-08-30 Creusot Loire METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BETWEEN A GRANULAR MATERIAL AND AN EXCHANGE SURFACE AND HEAT EXCHANGER FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
FR2543848B1 (en) * 1983-04-07 1985-11-29 Charbonnages De France FLUIDIZATION APPARATUS WITH INTERNAL HEAT EXCHANGER
CH676496A5 (en) * 1987-10-01 1991-01-31 Tech Buero Ing Reinhard Goesch
US5141047A (en) * 1991-03-01 1992-08-25 Riley Stoker Corporation Fluidized bed heat exchanger
DE102012203080A1 (en) 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fluidized bed reactor

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2884373A (en) * 1954-10-20 1959-04-28 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method and apparatus for heating fluids
US2842102A (en) * 1954-11-18 1958-07-08 Combustion Eng Steam generation
US2983259A (en) * 1955-02-09 1961-05-09 Combustion Eng Method and apparatus of steam generation
GB1368352A (en) * 1972-01-26 1974-09-25 British Petroleum Co Fluidised bed distributor plate
GB1431763A (en) * 1972-04-06 1976-04-14 Plessey Co Ltd Fluid bed apparatus with baffle load-carrying bodies
GB1484571A (en) * 1973-11-02 1977-09-01 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Fluidised bed combustion chambers
US3982901A (en) * 1975-06-25 1976-09-28 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Heat transfer element and tuyere for fluidized bed reactor
GB1589566A (en) * 1976-09-08 1981-05-13 British Petroleum Co Nozzle arrangement suitable for a fluidised bed furnace
NL7812228A (en) * 1977-12-17 1979-06-19 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd COMBUSTION DEVICE WITH FLUIDIZED BED.
US4148437A (en) * 1977-12-20 1979-04-10 The British Petroleum Company Limited Combustor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU283779A (en) 1982-10-31
DK451579A (en) 1980-05-23
NL183960C (en) 1989-03-01
DK148948C (en) 1986-05-05
DE2850536C2 (en) 1987-02-05
DE2850536A1 (en) 1980-06-04
NO151947C (en) 1985-07-10
NL183960B (en) 1988-10-03
US4313398A (en) 1982-02-02
NL7907792A (en) 1980-05-27
BE878777A (en) 1979-12-31
NO792947L (en) 1980-05-23
DK148948B (en) 1985-11-25

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