NO150079B - Fremgangsmaate for utvinning av etylen fra crackinggasser ved lavtemperaturfraksjonering - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate for utvinning av etylen fra crackinggasser ved lavtemperaturfraksjonering Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO150079B NO150079B NO771073A NO771073A NO150079B NO 150079 B NO150079 B NO 150079B NO 771073 A NO771073 A NO 771073A NO 771073 A NO771073 A NO 771073A NO 150079 B NO150079 B NO 150079B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- modulation
- low
- amplifier
- transistor
- voltage
- Prior art date
Links
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C12COS(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0242—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/143—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/09—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by fractional condensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/002—Cooling of cracked gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0219—Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/78—Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/80—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using integrated mass and heat exchange, i.e. non-adiabatic rectification in a reflux exchanger or dephlegmator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/12—Refinery or petrochemical off-gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/02—Integration in an installation for exchanging heat, e.g. for waste heat recovery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/902—Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/40—Ethylene production
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Amplitudemodulasjonskompressor.
Oppfinnelsen angår en amplitudemodulasjonskompressor for bærebølgeanlegg, hvor der fra en vekselstrømforsterkers utgangsspenning med en detektor, et lavpassfilter og en lavfrekvensforsterker fås et likespenningssignal som er proporsjonalt med vekselspenningens amplitude og varierer med lavfrekvensmodulasjonen, og som anvendes til negativ tilbakekobling.
Det ble allerede foreslått å anvende en negativ tilbakekobling for modulasjonsfre-kvensene, idet utgangsspenningen fra forsterkeren for amplitudemodulerte signaler demoduleres for å modulere den modulerte spenning med denne demodulerte spenning. For modulasjonen ble der benyttet en van-lig modulatorkrets. Ved en annen løsning blir like- og vekselspenningskomponentene av det demodulerte signal tilført en diode parallellkoblet med en avstemt svingekrets. Med denne diode ble inngangssignalet til den etterfølgende forsterker dempet av den påtrykte spenning og overensstemmende med dennes størrelse.
Begge løsninger har den ulempe at mo-dulasjonssignalet ved komprimeringen blir forvrengt for sterkt for mange formål.
Oppfinnelsens oppgave er å skaffe en forbedret amplitudemodulasjonskompressor som gjør det mulig å redusere modulasjonsgraden for en amplitudemodulert svingning med små forvrengninger.
Dette blir ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnådd ved at tilbakekoblingssignalet over en kondensator styrer basis-siden av en transistor hvis kollektorstrøm er en på en innstillbar likestrøm overlagret vekselstrøm som har formen av modulasjonen som skal komprimeres, og er i faseopposisjon til denne samt styrer en eller flere dioder hvis arbeidspunkt bestemmes ved den innstillbare like-strøm, og som er koblet som styrte dempningselementer for vekselstrømforsterke-ren, så dennes forsterkningsgrad blir proporsjonal med den differensielle motstand av diodene.
Oppfinnelsen er anskueliggjort på teg-ningen. Fig. 1 er et koblingsskjema for et ut-førelseseksempel, delvis i blokkform. Fig. 2 er et diagram som viser den relative forsterkning i avhengighet av den momentane modulasjonsverdi, og
fig. 3 viser en reguleringskarakteristikk.
I utførelsen på fig. 1 dannes hele kob-lingsanordningen av vekselspenningsfor-sterkeren V og mot-modulasjonsgrenen. Forsterkeren V består av en kaskadekob-ling av en første forsterkerdel VI, en transistor Tl, en bredtbåndtransformator ii og en annen forsterkerdel V2 samt to serie-koblede dioder Dl og D2, hvis forbindelses-punkt er koblet til kollektoren på transistoren Tl over en kondensator Cl. Emitteren på transistoren Tl er kobelt til jord, og pri-mærviklingen på transformatoren U er til-koblet spenningskildens positive pol. Den ene ende av sekundærviklingen på transformatoren ti er ført til jord, og den annen ende mater forsterkerdelen V2. De andre ender av dioden Dl og D2 er jordet over kondensatorer henholdsvis C2 og C3. Dess-uten er dioden Dl tilsluttet en spennings-kilde på + 30 V, mens dioden D2 er for-bundet med kollektoren på transistoren T2 i mot-modulasjonsgrenen. Mot-modulasjonsgrenen dannes av en detektor Dt, et lavpassfilter TP, en lavfrekvensforsterker V3, hvis forsterkning kan innstilles for hånden, og som har en utgang med lav ohmsk motstand, en kondensator C4 og transistoren T2 i kaskade. Transistoren T2 er anordnet som et motkoblet trinn, idet motstanden RI forbinder basis på transistoren T2 med + 6 V-kilden. Den innstillbare motstand R2 mellom emitteren på transistoren T2 og jord tjener til innstilling av motkoblingsgraden. Detektoren Dt er tilsluttet forsterkerens utgang.
Inngangen E til forsterkeren V får modulert høyfrekvensspenning tilført, og ved utgangen A uttas den forsterkede inn-gangsspenning med rediisert modulasjonsgrad. Herav danner detektoren Dt et mo-dulasjonssignal som er proporsjonalt med høyfrekvensspenningens amplitude, og som når inngangen til lavfrekvensforsterkeren V3 over lavpassfilteret TP, som tjener til å undertrykke resterende høyfrekvens. Utgangsspenningen fra lavfrekvensforsterkeren V3 passerer via kondensatoren C4 til basis på transistoren T2. Kondensatoren C4 sørger for at koblingen bare reagerer på modulasjonen. Basis på transistor T2 får forspenning fra + 6 V-klemmen over motstanden RI. Spenningen på emitteren hos transistoren T2 følger spenningen ved dennes basis. Da den innstillbare motkoblings-motstand R2 som ligger mellom emitteren på transistoren T2 og jord, gjennomflytes av kollektorstrømmen, blir denne proporsjonal med emitterspenningen og dermed også med basisspenningen. Med den innstillbare motstand R2 påvirkes foruten en-dringen av kollektorlikestrømmen også ba-sisvekselspenningen. Utgangsstrømmen fra kollektoren på transistoren T2 er en vek-selstrøm som er overlagret på den med R2 innstillbare likestrøm, og som har samme form som modulasjonen som skal komprimeres, og er i faseopposisjon til denne. Ut-gangsstrømmen fra kollektoren på transistoren T2 styrer diodene Dl og D2, hvis arbeidspunkt bestemmes av likestrømmen, og som tjener som styrt belastning for transistoren Tl, på den måte at det høyfrekvente inngangssignals modulasjonsgrad reduseres ved hjelp av styringen av høyfrekvensfor-sterkningen i takt med modulasjonen.
Under den forutsetning at den differensielle vekselstrømmotstand av reguler-ingsdiodene er meget mindre enn den pa-rallellkoblede impedans av den med inn-gangsimpedansen av forsterkerdelen V2 belastede transformator ti og av kollektor-motstanden av transistoren Tl, følger sam-menhengen mellom reguleringsstrømmen i og forsterkningen i det trinn som inne-holder transistoren Tl, loven
hvor V,, i, og k er konstanter. Forutsetnin-gen for en høy ohmsk kollektormotstand for transistoren Tl blir ved frekvenser over 1 megaherz oppfylt på en enkel måte hvis der for Tl anvendes en transistor av tetrode-typen. Uttrykket ^—^— jk svarer til forløpet av den différensielle gjennom-slipningsmotstand av en strømførende krystalldiode som funksjon av strømmen i.
Med hensyn til virkemåten av den be-skrevne koblingsanordning kan forholdet resymeres derhen at forsterkningsgraden av forsterkeren V ved momentant stor amplitude av vekselspenningen i transistoren Tl blir redusert overensstemmende med den i diodene Dl og D2 foreliggende sam-menheng mellom differensiell motstand og likestrømgjennomgang, hvorunder der til hver modulasjonsverdi svarer en bestemt forsterkning.
For modulasjonskompresjonen kan det av fig. 2 utledes hvorledes forsterkningen må være for hver momentan modulasjonsverdi mn foråt modulasjonsgraden m ved den eksempelvis viste sinusmodulasjon på n = 0,8 blir redusert med en konstant faktor. For en amplitudemodulasjonskompre-sjon med faktor 3 må f. eks. en momentanverdi av 1,6 (m0 = 0,6) komprimeres til 1,2 (m0 = 0,6/3 = 0,2), altså forsterkes med 0,75. En momentanverdi av 0,4 (mn = —0,6) må forsterkes til 0,8 (m0 = —0,2), altså med en faktor av 2,0. Den relative forsterkning vre i avhengighet av den momentane modulasjonsverdi er således for en eksakt modulasjonsgradskompresj,on en meget ik-ke-lineær karakteristikk, som fig. 2 viser. Sammenligner man denne konstruerte motmodulasjonskarakteristikk med fig. 3, hvor diodenes reguleringskarakteristikk er oppført i lineær målestokk i omgivelsen av f. eks. iR = 1 mA (jfr. formel for v), faller den store likhet av de to kurver i øynene selv om de følger helt forskjellige matema-tiske lover. Man kan følgelig få en approk-simasjon til mot-modulasjons-karakteri-stikken ved at man i området omkring en bestemt hvilestrøm (her f. eks. 1 mA) på-trykker reguleringen en vekselstrøm som
har formen av modulasjonen som skal
komprimeres, og er i faseopposisjon til den.
En modulert sinussvingning beholder altså
sin form efter en slik motregulering med
en sinusformet strøm og taper bare i modulasjonsgrad. Ved ikke faseren mot-modulasjon, f. eks. ved for sterk fasedreining
i lavpassfilteret TP, kan der eventuelt opp-tre sterke forvrengninger. Ved endring av
forsterkningen i motmodulasjonsgrenen
kan den ønskede kompresjonsgrad innstilles. For en konstant kompresjonsfaktor be-høver bare forholdet ioo/i0 å forbli konstant, hvor i0 er grunnstrømmen og icv> den
vekselstrøm som overlagres for en bestemt
modulasjon.
Claims (2)
1. Amplitudemodulas j onskompressor for bærebølgeanlegg, hvor der fra en vek-selstrømforsterkers utgangsspenning med en detektor, et lavpassfilter og en lavfrekvensforsterker fås et likespenningssignal
som er proporsjonalt med vekselspenningens amplitude og varierer med lavfrekvensmodulasjonen, og som anvendes til negativ tilbakekobling, karakterisert ved at tilbakekoblingssignalet over en kondensator styrer basissiden av en transistor, hvis kollektorstrøm er en på en innstillbar likestrøm overlagret vekselstrøm som har formen av modulasjonen som skal komprimeres, og er i faseopposisjon til denne samt styrer en eller flere dioder hvis arbeidspunkt bestemmes ved den innstillbare likestrøm, og som er koblet som styrte dempningselementer for vekselstrømfor-sterkeren, så dennes forsterkningsgrad blir proporsjonal med den differensielle motstand av diodene.
2. Amplitudemodulasj onskompressor som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at kompresjonsf aktoren velges ved innstilling av lavfrekvensforsterkerens forsterkning.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT21580/76A IT1058546B (it) | 1976-03-26 | 1976-03-26 | Processo per il frazoonamento mediante refrigerazione dei gas di cracking negli impianti per la produzione di etilene |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO771073L NO771073L (no) | 1977-09-27 |
NO150079B true NO150079B (no) | 1984-05-07 |
NO150079C NO150079C (no) | 1984-08-22 |
Family
ID=11183886
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO771073A NO150079C (no) | 1976-03-26 | 1977-03-25 | Fremgangsmaate for utvinning av etylen fra crackinggasser ved lavtemperaturfraksjonering |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4163652A (no) |
AR (1) | AR212989A1 (no) |
BE (1) | BE852922A (no) |
CA (1) | CA1047386A (no) |
DE (1) | DE2713359B2 (no) |
DK (1) | DK134077A (no) |
FI (1) | FI770813A (no) |
FR (1) | FR2345412A1 (no) |
GB (1) | GB1571073A (no) |
IE (1) | IE45273B1 (no) |
IS (1) | IS1055B6 (no) |
IT (1) | IT1058546B (no) |
NL (1) | NL173844C (no) |
NO (1) | NO150079C (no) |
SE (1) | SE420915B (no) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4143521A (en) * | 1977-02-08 | 1979-03-13 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation | Process for the production of ethylene |
IT1136894B (it) * | 1981-07-07 | 1986-09-03 | Snam Progetti | Metodo per il recupero di condensati da una miscela gassosa di idrocarburi |
EP0137744B2 (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1991-08-28 | Costain Petrocarbon Limited | Separation of hydrocarbon mixtures |
GB2146751B (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1987-04-23 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Separation of hydrocarbon mixtures |
US4695303A (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1987-09-22 | Mcdermott International, Inc. | Method for recovery of natural gas liquids |
US4720293A (en) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-01-19 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for the recovery and purification of ethylene |
IT1241471B (it) * | 1990-07-06 | 1994-01-17 | Tpl | Processo ed apparecchiatura per il massimo recupero dell'etilene e del propilene dal gas prodotto dalla pirolisi di idrocarburi. |
RU2056018C1 (ru) * | 1993-10-07 | 1996-03-10 | Давид Павлович Синельников | Способ обработки пирогаза перед газоразделением. способ получения технологического низкотемпературного холода в парокомпрессионной холодильной машине при обработке пирогаза перед газоразделением |
US5379597A (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1995-01-10 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant cycle for ethylene recovery |
US5361589A (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1994-11-08 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Precooling for ethylene recovery in dual demethanizer fractionation systems |
US5377490A (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1995-01-03 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Open loop mixed refrigerant cycle for ethylene recovery |
US5421167A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-06-06 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Enhanced olefin recovery method |
CN100551885C (zh) * | 2005-09-29 | 2009-10-21 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 从制备烯烃的产品气中回收低碳烯烃的方法 |
DE102007063347A1 (de) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von leichtsiedenden Komponenten aus einem Kohlenwasserstoffstrom |
FR2939693B1 (fr) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-12-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouveau procede de recuperation du co2 issu des fumees de regeneration d'une unite de craquage catalytique |
DE102010020282A1 (de) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Stickstoff-Abtrennung aus Erdgas |
BR112018012402A2 (pt) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-12-04 | Bechtel Hydrocarbon Technology Solutions Inc | sistema e método para recuperação de hidrocarbonetos leves. |
IT202200007049A1 (it) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-08 | Alessandro Bugli | Impianto e processo per la separazione di idrogeno da gas naturale |
EP4345406A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-03 | Sulzer Management AG | Plant and method for separating liquified petroleum gas from fuel gas by cryogenic distillation |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2731810A (en) * | 1949-01-04 | 1956-01-24 | Qjivaiiov snoonilnod | |
US2775103A (en) * | 1954-12-23 | 1956-12-25 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Hydrocarbon separation |
US2823523A (en) * | 1956-03-26 | 1958-02-18 | Inst Gas Technology | Separation of nitrogen from methane |
GB869412A (en) * | 1956-06-19 | 1961-05-31 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the production of deuterium-enriched hydrogen |
US2909905A (en) * | 1957-06-05 | 1959-10-27 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Method for processing a natural gas stream |
FR1228051A (fr) * | 1958-11-28 | 1960-08-26 | Air Liquide | Procédé de dégazage d'un liquide riche en éthylène |
GB1012599A (en) * | 1964-03-12 | 1965-12-08 | Couch Internat Methane Ltd | Regasifying liquified natural gas by fractionating gaseous mixtures |
US3433026A (en) * | 1966-11-07 | 1969-03-18 | Judson S Swearingen | Staged isenthalpic-isentropic expansion of gas from a pressurized liquefied state to a terminal storage state |
US3756036A (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1973-09-04 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Demethanizing method and apparatus |
US3938934A (en) * | 1974-11-08 | 1976-02-17 | Scm Corporation | Fuel economizer process and apparatus |
-
1976
- 1976-03-26 IT IT21580/76A patent/IT1058546B/it active
-
1977
- 1977-03-15 FI FI770813A patent/FI770813A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-17 GB GB11499/77A patent/GB1571073A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-18 IS IS2381A patent/IS1055B6/is unknown
- 1977-03-24 US US05/781,064 patent/US4163652A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-03-24 AR AR266973A patent/AR212989A1/es active
- 1977-03-25 CA CA274,813A patent/CA1047386A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-25 NO NO771073A patent/NO150079C/no unknown
- 1977-03-25 DK DK134077A patent/DK134077A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-25 DE DE2713359A patent/DE2713359B2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-25 BE BE176159A patent/BE852922A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-25 SE SE7703479A patent/SE420915B/xx unknown
- 1977-03-25 NL NLAANVRAGE7703283,A patent/NL173844C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-25 FR FR7709094A patent/FR2345412A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-28 IE IE648/77A patent/IE45273B1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE45273B1 (en) | 1982-07-28 |
FR2345412B1 (no) | 1980-02-29 |
IT1058546B (it) | 1982-05-10 |
DE2713359A1 (de) | 1977-09-29 |
SE420915B (sv) | 1981-11-09 |
SE7703479L (sv) | 1977-09-27 |
NL173844B (nl) | 1983-10-17 |
IS1055B6 (is) | 1981-08-25 |
NO150079C (no) | 1984-08-22 |
AR212989A1 (es) | 1978-11-30 |
GB1571073A (en) | 1980-07-09 |
FI770813A (no) | 1977-09-27 |
NL7703283A (nl) | 1977-09-28 |
CA1047386A (en) | 1979-01-30 |
US4163652A (en) | 1979-08-07 |
IE45273L (en) | 1977-09-26 |
NO771073L (no) | 1977-09-27 |
DK134077A (da) | 1977-09-27 |
FR2345412A1 (fr) | 1977-10-21 |
IS2381A7 (is) | 1977-09-27 |
NL173844C (nl) | 1984-03-16 |
DE2713359B2 (de) | 1979-05-17 |
BE852922A (fr) | 1977-09-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NO150079B (no) | Fremgangsmaate for utvinning av etylen fra crackinggasser ved lavtemperaturfraksjonering | |
US6426677B1 (en) | Linearization bias circuit for BJT amplifiers | |
NO165335B (no) | Lastoverfoeringsinnretning, saerlig for hurtig overfoering av palletert last. | |
NO155252B (no) | Mudderverk. | |
US3101452A (en) | Voltage-variable capacitor bridge amplifier | |
US4001724A (en) | Variable high frequency crystal oscillator | |
US3154753A (en) | Crystal-stabilized oscillator of which the frequency can be modulated | |
US4198609A (en) | Phase tracked loop frequency demodulator | |
US3569845A (en) | Wide band frequency discriminator utilizing a constant amplitude equalizer network | |
US2802069A (en) | Amplifier with high frequency compensation | |
US2623945A (en) | Adjustable electrical phaseshifting network | |
US3435374A (en) | Negative resistance device oscillator circuits having harmonic impedance means for modifying the oscillator frequency | |
US3227967A (en) | Arrangement for the electronically controllable wobbling of an oscillatory circuit | |
US3024421A (en) | Linear discriminator circuit | |
NO126652B (no) | ||
US2541650A (en) | Wave length modulation | |
US2135953A (en) | Variable resistance bridge circuit | |
US4417215A (en) | Tuned analog network | |
US3786355A (en) | Radio frequency resistance discriminator having dead zone output characteristic | |
US3591848A (en) | Parametric amplifier employing self-biased nonlinear diodes | |
US3624559A (en) | Phase or frequency modulator using pin diodes | |
US3215953A (en) | Amplitude modulator | |
US3010087A (en) | Equalizer | |
US2901604A (en) | Discriminator circuit | |
US2527535A (en) | Electronic phase shifter |