NO147013B - DROP ROOMS FOR BLOOD, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SIMILAR TRANSFER DEVICES. - Google Patents
DROP ROOMS FOR BLOOD, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SIMILAR TRANSFER DEVICES. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO147013B NO147013B NO792450A NO792450A NO147013B NO 147013 B NO147013 B NO 147013B NO 792450 A NO792450 A NO 792450A NO 792450 A NO792450 A NO 792450A NO 147013 B NO147013 B NO 147013B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- receiver
- sound
- rock
- drilling
- blood
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title 1
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/1411—Drip chambers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L29/049—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fjellindikering. Procedure for mountain indication.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte bil indikering av stillingen av en fjell-overflate /og/eller kvaliteten av fjellgrunn under et overdekkende jordlag. En slik indikering er av stor betydning ved tunnel-arbeider, grunnlegninger eller lignende for fastlegning av en egnet tunnelstrekning, den nødvendige påldngsdybde etc. The invention relates to a method for indicating the position of a rock surface and/or the quality of the rock bed beneath an overlying soil layer. Such an indication is of great importance for tunnel work, foundations or the like to determine a suitable tunnel section, the required depth of excavation, etc.
Ved en kjent fremgangsmåte til slik fjellindikering borer man en rekke prøve-hull ned gjennom jordlagene inntil man treffer på fjell. For at man skal være sikker på at det påtrafne fjell består av den faste fjellgrunn og ikke av blokker, må man like-vel fortsette boringen i hvert prøvehull ca. 3—5 meter inn i f j ellet. Da boringen i f j ell går forholdsvis langsomt, er metoden tids-krevende og også 'kostbar. In a known method for such rock indication, a series of test holes are drilled down through the soil layers until you hit rock. In order to be sure that the encountered rock consists of the solid bedrock and not of blocks, one must nevertheless continue drilling in each test hole approx. 3-5 meters into the mountain. As drilling in mountains is relatively slow, the method is time-consuming and also expensive.
Oppf innelsen går ut på å oppheve disse ulemper og å skaffe en fremgangsmåte som muliggjør en sikrere og hurtigere fjellbe-stemmelse. The invention aims to eliminate these disadvantages and to provide a method which enables safer and faster mountain determination.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen er det tilveiebragt en fremgangsmåte ved boring «av ett eller flere prøvehull gjennom jordlag eller lignende for å fastslå om fast fjell påtreffes ved boringen, idet borets fremtrengning avlyttes over jorden og/eller registreres ved hjelp av en mottager for lyd- eller trykk-bølger, kombinert med forsterker- og gjen-givelisesanordninger, og fremgangsmåten er ifølge oppfinnelsen kjennetegnet ved at mottageren før prøvéhullets eller prøve-hullenes boring anbringes i lydledende kontakt med et på forhånd valgt referansepunkt i fast fjell utenfor prøvehullet eller prøvehullene, og at borets ankomst til det faste fjell fastslås på grunnlag av en motsvarende indikasjon i gjengivelsesanord-ningen. According to the invention, a method is provided by drilling "one or more test holes through soil layers or the like to determine whether solid rock is encountered during the drilling, the penetration of the drill being listened to above the ground and/or recorded using a receiver for sound or pressure waves, combined with amplifier and reproduction devices, and the method is characterized according to the invention by the fact that, before the drilling of the test hole or test holes, the receiver is placed in sound-conducting contact with a pre-selected reference point in solid rock outside the test hole or test holes, and that the drill's arrival at the fixed mountain is determined on the basis of a corresponding indication in the rendering device.
Referansepunktet forlegges hensiktsmessig 1 et borhull som er blitt boret inn i et f j ell til en slik dybde at man med sik-kerhet befinner seg i faste fjellgrunner, dvs. 3—5 meter på den ovenfor angitte må-te. Hvis der finnes fast -fjell i dagen i nær-heten av undersøkelsesstedet, kan referansepunktet forlegges i et hull i fjellet. The reference point is conveniently placed in a borehole that has been drilled into a rock to such a depth that one is sure to be in solid rock bedrock, i.e. 3-5 meters in the manner indicated above. If there is solid rock in the vicinity of the survey site during the day, the reference point can be located in a hole in the rock.
Mottageren, kan anbringes ved referansepunktet eller ved markoverf laten. I det første tilfelle senker man mottageren ned i borhullet. For å oppnå en god lyd-overføring fra fjellgrunnen til mottageren, kan man påfylle noe vann eller annen egnet væske, så at mottageren blir dekket av samme, eller også kan mottageren på egnet måte trykkes an mot fjellgrunnen. For det tilfelle at mottageren anbringes ved markoverflaten, skaffer man en god lydkontakt med fjellet via en borstang eller lignende eller et væskefylt rør som ligger an mot fjellet og står i berøring med mottageren. Her må dog mottageren isoleres fra forstyrrende lyd fra markoverflaten. Alternativt kan også geofonen anbringes direkte mot fjell i dagen, idet den må lydisoleres på lignende måte fra forstyrrende lyd. The receiver can be placed at the reference point or at the ground level. In the first case, the receiver is lowered into the borehole. In order to achieve a good sound transmission from the bedrock to the receiver, one can top up with some water or other suitable liquid, so that the receiver is covered by the same, or the receiver can be pressed against the bedrock in a suitable way. In the event that the receiver is placed at the ground surface, a good sound contact with the rock is obtained via a drill rod or similar or a liquid-filled pipe that rests against the rock and is in contact with the receiver. Here, however, the receiver must be isolated from disturbing sound from the field surface. Alternatively, the geophone can also be placed directly against mountains during the day, as it must be soundproofed in a similar way from disturbing sound.
Ved også å måle den itid som går mellom utsendelsen av en lydimpuls fra prø-vehullet til mottagningen av denne impuls ved hjelp av mottageren, kan man få en viss indikering av fjellgrunnens kvalitet. Med kjennskap til avstanden mellom prø-vehullet og referansepunktet samt den has-tighet med hvilken lydbølger normalt for-planter seg i fast fjell, beregner man den tid som skulle gå i tilfelle fjellet var homo-gent. Avvikelser fra denne tid indikerer da forekomst av f. eks. forvitret fjell, sprekker eller lignende. Ved en slik kvalitetsindiker-ing er det 'hensiktsmessig å anvende flere enn ett referansepunkt for oppnåelse av et sikrere resultat. Ved å fortsette boringen av prøvehullet inn 1 fjellet og å utsende lydimpulser ved forskjellige dybder i fjellet, kan også en viss indikering av dybden av en forvitret sone, sprekk eller lomme oppnås. By also measuring the time that elapses between the sending of a sound impulse from the test hole and the reception of this impulse by means of the receiver, a certain indication of the quality of the rock bed can be obtained. Knowing the distance between the test hole and the reference point as well as the speed with which sound waves normally propagate in solid rock, one calculates the time that would pass if the rock were homogeneous. Deviations from this time then indicate the occurrence of e.g. weathered rock, cracks or the like. With such a quality indication, it is appropriate to use more than one reference point to achieve a more reliable result. By continuing the drilling of the test hole into the rock and emitting sound pulses at different depths in the rock, some indication of the depth of a weathered zone, crack or pocket can also be obtained.
Forskj ellige måter hvorpå oppfinnelsen kan utføres er illustrert på tegningen. Fig. 1 antyder skjematisk den apparatur som anvendes for indikering av fjellgrunnens stilling. Fig. la, lb og lc viser noen måter hvorpå mottageren anbringes i forhold til referansepunktet. Fig. 2 viser en apparatur for indikering av fjellets kvalitet. Various ways in which the invention can be carried out are illustrated in the drawing. Fig. 1 schematically suggests the apparatus used to indicate the position of the bedrock. Figs la, lb and lc show some ways in which the receiver is placed in relation to the reference point. Fig. 2 shows an apparatus for indicating the quality of the rock.
I fig. 1 betegner 1 jordlag som dekker fast fjell 2. 3 er en bormaskin med hvilken prøvehullet .bores inntil borstangen 4 får kontakt med fjellgrunnen. Istedenfor ma-sklnbor kan også sondering anvendes, f. eks. en stålsonde som påvirkes av slagverk-tøy. Referansepunktet befinner seg i fjellet ved 5, hvor også mottageren 6 er anibragt. Mottageren er dekket med vann til nivået 7 for å oppnå en god lydkontafct med fjellet. Mottageren er ved hjelp av en ledning 8 elektrisk forbundet med en forsterker 9, som i sin tur er forbundet med høretele-foner 10, i hvilke man avlytter når borstangen 4 når fjellet. Alternativt kan de lyd-bølger som oppfanges av mottageren kon-tinuerlig registreres ved hjelp av et regi-strerende instrument 11. In fig. 1 denotes 1 soil layer covering solid rock 2. 3 is a drilling machine with which the test hole is drilled until the drill rod 4 makes contact with the rock bed. Instead of ma-sklnbor, probing can also be used, e.g. a steel probe that is affected by percussion instruments. The reference point is located in the mountain at 5, where the receiver 6 is also mounted. The receiver is covered with water to level 7 to achieve a good sound contact with the mountain. By means of a wire 8, the receiver is electrically connected to an amplifier 9, which in turn is connected to headphones 10, in which one listens when the drill rod 4 reaches the rock. Alternatively, the sound waves picked up by the receiver can be continuously recorded using a recording instrument 11.
Hvis jordlagene ovenfor fjellet er løse, så at det særskilte borhull ned til referansepunktet 5 viser tendenser til å rase igjen, forsynes dette borhull hensiktsmessig med et foringsrør 12 gjennom jordlagene, hvilket rør eventuelt også kan tettes mot fjellet ved 13. If the soil layers above the rock are loose, so that the special borehole down to the reference point 5 shows tendencies to collapse again, this borehole is appropriately supplied with a casing pipe 12 through the soil layers, which pipe can also be sealed against the rock at 13.
I fig. la er mottageren 6 anbragt ved markoverf laten under en lydisolasjon 14. En borstang 15 leder lyden fra referansepunktet 5 til mottageren. I fig. lb ledes lyden på lignende måte fra referansepunktet 5 gjennom et vannfylt rør 16 til mottageren. Røret 16 har i sin nedre ende en elastisk membran 17 som trykkes mot fjellet ved referansepunktet 5, så at lydbølger for-planter seg fra fjellet til vannsøylen i røret. Alternativt kan fjellbor hullet fylles med væske til nivået 7, idet lydbølgene forplan-ter seg gjennom væsken til membranen. I fig. lc er mottageren Innbygget nær foor-kronen i den borstang 18 som anvendes ved boringen av det særskilte borhull, i hvilket referansepunktet befinner seg. Denne borstang etterlates i det særskilte borhull under boringen av prøvehull og indikeringen, etter lydisolasjon 14 ved markoverf laten. In fig. 1a, the receiver 6 is placed at ground level under a sound insulation 14. A drill rod 15 conducts the sound from the reference point 5 to the receiver. In fig. lb, the sound is conducted in a similar way from the reference point 5 through a water-filled pipe 16 to the receiver. The pipe 16 has at its lower end an elastic membrane 17 which is pressed against the rock at the reference point 5, so that sound waves propagate from the rock to the water column in the pipe. Alternatively, the rock drill hole can be filled with liquid to level 7, as the sound waves propagate through the liquid to the membrane. In fig. lc is the receiver Built near the foor crown in the drill rod 18 which is used when drilling the special drill hole, in which the reference point is located. This drill rod is left in the special drill hole during the drilling of the test hole and the indication, after sound insulation 14 at the ground above the sheet.
Ved eksemplet i henhold tål fig. 2 anvendes to referansepunkter 5 i hvert sitt særskilte borhull, i hver av hvilke der er innført en borstang 18 med innebygget mottager 6 av samme art som vist i fig. lc. I dette tilfelle overfører særskilte motta-gerkontakter 19 lyden fra fjellet til mottagerne. Begge mottagerne er sluttet til hver sin forsterker 9, hvilke forsterkere i sin tur er koblet til et tidsmåleinstrument 20. Ved 21 er antydet et prøvehull, i hvilket en borstang 22 er blitt etterlatt. Ved å slå på borstangen 22 med en slegge 23 eller lignende, som også er f orbundet med tidsmå-leinstrumentet 20, frembringer man en lydimpuls gjennom fjellet 2, hvilken impuls oppfanges av mottagerne 6 etter tidsinter-valler som måles og registreres av instru-mentet 20. Alternativt frembringes impul-sen på elektrisk vei ved hjelp av lydsenide-re, som også kan senkes ned i borhullet. In the example according to fig. 2, two reference points 5 are used in each separate drill hole, in each of which a drill rod 18 with a built-in receiver 6 of the same type as shown in fig. lc. In this case, special receiver contacts 19 transmit the sound from the mountain to the receivers. Both receivers are connected to their respective amplifiers 9, which amplifiers are in turn connected to a time measuring instrument 20. At 21 a test hole is indicated, in which a drill rod 22 has been left. By striking the drill rod 22 with a hammer 23 or the like, which is also connected to the time measuring instrument 20, a sound impulse is produced through the rock 2, which impulse is picked up by the receivers 6 after time intervals which are measured and recorded by the instrument 20. Alternatively, the impulse is produced electrically using sound transducers, which can also be lowered into the borehole.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2832504A DE2832504C3 (en) | 1978-07-25 | 1978-07-25 | Use of mixtures of styrene polymers for the production of flexible drip chamber bases for transmission devices |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO792450L NO792450L (en) | 1980-01-28 |
| NO147013B true NO147013B (en) | 1982-10-11 |
| NO147013C NO147013C (en) | 1983-01-19 |
Family
ID=6045274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO792450A NO147013C (en) | 1978-07-25 | 1979-07-24 | DROP ROOMS FOR BLOOD, BLOOD COMPONENTS AND SIMILAR TRANSFER DEVICES. |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0007601B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE840T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2832504C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK313379A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8100887A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI792317A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO147013C (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6045360A (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1985-03-11 | テルモ株式会社 | Medical liquid feeding circuit |
| DE3914998A1 (en) * | 1989-05-08 | 1990-11-15 | Clinico Gmbh Infusionstech | TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR INFUSION OR TRANSFUSION PURPOSES |
| CA2155735A1 (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-06-29 | Richard C. Giesler | Self-priming drip chamber with enhanced visibility |
| DE19719593C2 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2003-10-30 | Rehau Ag & Co | polymer blends |
| US6497685B1 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2002-12-24 | Baxter International Inc. | Integral intravenous chamber and filter |
| KR101897132B1 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2018-09-12 | 제이더블유케미타운 주식회사 | Manufacturing method of non pvc medical IV set |
| DE102020204611A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 | 2021-10-14 | B. Braun Melsungen Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of a drip chamber, drip chamber, infusion or transfusion system |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3021841A (en) * | 1957-03-14 | 1962-02-20 | Baxter Laboratories Inc | Intravenous administration equipment |
| US3233457A (en) * | 1962-10-22 | 1966-02-08 | Resiflex Lab | Regulatable flow meter unit for intravenous fluids |
| US3316908A (en) * | 1964-04-14 | 1967-05-02 | Burron Medical Prod Inc | Intravenous injection apparatus |
| FR1499884A (en) * | 1965-01-06 | 1967-11-03 | Shell Int Research | Thermoplastic elastomer composition |
| DE2116073B1 (en) * | 1971-04-02 | 1971-12-30 | Fa. B. Braun, 3508 Melsungen | Sealing material for hypodermic syringes and pumps for conveying blood and other fluids for medical purposes |
| DE7213189U (en) * | 1972-04-08 | 1973-04-12 | Braun B Melsungen Ag | HOSE CONNECTION PIECE ON INFUSION AND TRANSFUSION DEVICES |
| US3954623A (en) * | 1974-05-28 | 1976-05-04 | Johnson & Johnson | Blood filtration unit |
| US3967620A (en) * | 1974-09-10 | 1976-07-06 | United States Surgical Corporation | Volume limiting chamber |
| DE2644140C3 (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1979-12-06 | Yarden Medical Engineering Ltd., Haifa (Israel) | Device for adjusting the flow of a liquid |
| DE7727564U1 (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1977-12-08 | B. Braun Melsungen Ag, 3508 Melsungen | DRIP CHAMBER CONNECTION FOR INFUSION AND TRANSFUSION DEVICES BETWEEN DRIP CHAMBER UPPER PART AND DRIP CHAMBER LOWER PART |
-
1978
- 1978-07-25 DE DE2832504A patent/DE2832504C3/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-07-21 AT AT79102582T patent/ATE840T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-07-21 EP EP79102582A patent/EP0007601B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-21 DE DE7979102582T patent/DE2962511D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-24 ES ES482792A patent/ES8100887A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-24 NO NO792450A patent/NO147013C/en unknown
- 1979-07-24 FI FI792317A patent/FI792317A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-07-25 DK DK313379A patent/DK313379A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0007601B1 (en) | 1982-04-14 |
| ES482792A0 (en) | 1980-12-01 |
| FI792317A (en) | 1980-01-26 |
| NO792450L (en) | 1980-01-28 |
| DE2832504B2 (en) | 1980-07-24 |
| EP0007601A1 (en) | 1980-02-06 |
| ATE840T1 (en) | 1982-04-15 |
| ES8100887A1 (en) | 1980-12-01 |
| DE2832504A1 (en) | 1980-02-07 |
| DE2832504C3 (en) | 1981-05-27 |
| DK313379A (en) | 1980-01-26 |
| DE2962511D1 (en) | 1982-05-27 |
| NO147013C (en) | 1983-01-19 |
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