NO146364B - OIL-BASED LIQUIDS WITH ORGANOPHILE CLAYS WITH IMPROVED DISPERSERATING PROPERTIES FOR DRILLING - Google Patents
OIL-BASED LIQUIDS WITH ORGANOPHILE CLAYS WITH IMPROVED DISPERSERATING PROPERTIES FOR DRILLING Download PDFInfo
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- NO146364B NO146364B NO783580A NO783580A NO146364B NO 146364 B NO146364 B NO 146364B NO 783580 A NO783580 A NO 783580A NO 783580 A NO783580 A NO 783580A NO 146364 B NO146364 B NO 146364B
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- clay
- oil
- emulsion
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- organophilic
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 Br- Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 36
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 36
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005932 reductive alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
- C09K8/36—Water-in-oil emulsions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører oljebaserte væskeemulsjoner som inneholder nye leirekomplekser, og i særlig grad oljebaserte borevæskeemulsjon er og oljebaserte emulsjoner som tstningsvæsker (packer fluids) med samme innhold. The present invention relates to oil-based fluid emulsions containing new clay complexes, and in particular oil-based drilling fluid emulsions and oil-based emulsions such as packing fluids (packer fluids) with the same content.
□et er velkjent at organiske forbindelser som inneholder en kation, under gunstige betingelser, vil reagere ved ionbytte med leirer som inneholder et negativt skiktgitter og utveksel-bare kationer for å danne organofile leireprodukter. Hvis den organiske kation inneholder minst 1 alkylgruppe med minst 10 karbonatomer vil den resulterende organofile leire ha svel- It is well known that organic compounds containing a cation, under favorable conditions, will react by ion exchange with clays containing a negative layer lattice and exchangeable cations to form organophilic clay products. If the organic cation contains at least 1 alkyl group with at least 10 carbon atoms, the resulting organophilic clay will have swelling
lende egenskaper i spesielle organiske væsker. lending properties in special organic liquids.
Siden disse organofile leirer ble kommersielt introdusert Since these organophilic clays were commercially introduced
tidlig i 50-årene under varemerket BENTONE, er det blitt vel kjent å oppnå maksimum gelerende (fortykkende) egenskaper fra disse organofile leirer ved å tilsette et lavmolekylært, in the early 50s under the trademark BENTONE, it has become well known to achieve maximum gelling (thickening) properties from these organophilic clays by adding a low-molecular,
polart, organisk materiale til forbindelsen. Slike polare, organiske materialer har vært kjent under forskjellige betegnelser, som dispergeringsmidler, solvatiseringsmidler og lignende. polar, organic material to the compound. Such polar, organic materials have been known under various names, such as dispersants, solvating agents and the like.
De mest virksomme og godkjente polare materialer for bruk som dispergeringsmidler er funnet å være lavmolekylære alkoholer og ketoner, særlig metanol og aceton. Disse dispergeringsmidler har imidlertid meget lavt flammepunkt og krever bruk av flammesikker apparatur. Dispergeringsmidler med høyere kokepunkt og høyere flammepunkt kan anvendes,men disse er mindre effektive og fremstiller ofte geler med dårlige sekundære egenskaper, som f.eks. mekanisk stabilitet eller lagringsstabilitet. The most effective and approved polar materials for use as dispersants have been found to be low molecular weight alcohols and ketones, particularly methanol and acetone. However, these dispersants have a very low flash point and require the use of flame-proof equipment. Dispersants with a higher boiling point and higher flash point can be used, but these are less effective and often produce gels with poor secondary properties, such as e.g. mechanical stability or storage stability.
Bruken av organofile leirer som fortykningsmidler i petroleum-oljer for bruk som oljebaserte borevæsker og oljebaserte tetnings væsker er vel kjent. Slik anvendelse er beskrevet i US patent nr. 2.531.812, US patent nr. 2.531.427, US patent The use of organophilic clays as thickeners in petroleum oils for use as oil-based drilling fluids and oil-based sealing fluids is well known. Such application is described in US patent no. 2,531,812, US patent no. 2,531,427, US patent
nr. 2.966.506 og US patent nr. 3.831.678. De organofile No. 2,966,506 and US Patent No. 3,831,678. The organophilic
leirer har imidlertid vært dårlige geleringsmidler for organiske systemer når de inkorporeres i systemet ved temperaturer lavere enn 12,8°C eller innblandes under lave skjærkrefter. Enkelte leirer har krevet flere timer for å oppnå tilfredsstillende gelering. however, clays have been poor gelling agents for organic systems when incorporated into the system at temperatures lower than 12.8°C or mixed under low shear forces. Certain clays have required several hours to achieve satisfactory gelation.
Oet er derfor et behov for et organofilt leiregeleringsmiddel som er lett å dispergere i oljefasen i en oljebasert emulsjonsvæske og som oppnår praktisk talt fullstendig gelering ved lave skjærkrefter på kort tid. There is therefore a need for an organophilic clay gelling agent which is easy to disperse in the oil phase of an oil-based emulsion liquid and which achieves practically complete gelation at low shear forces in a short time.
Oet er uventet oppdaget en oljebasert emulsjonsvæske for anvendelse ved boring som inneholder en oljefase, en dispergert vannfase og et organofilt leiregeleringsmiddel av en smektittleire og som erkarakterisert vedat væsken inneholder fra 2,8 til 86 g/l av organofilt leiregeleringsmiddel inneholdende reaksjonsproduktet av en mety1-benzyl~dialkylammonium-forbindelse med formelen: Oet has unexpectedly discovered an oil-based emulsion fluid for use in drilling which contains an oil phase, a dispersed water phase and an organophilic clay gelling agent of a smectite clay and which is characterized in that the liquid contains from 2.8 to 86 g/l of organophilic clay gelling agent containing the reaction product of a methyl1- benzyl~dialkylammonium compound with the formula:
hvor R^ er CH^»R2 er CgH^Ch^*Rg og R^ -er alkylgrupper inneholdende en blanding av 14 til 20 carbonatomer hvor 20 til 35% har 16 carbonatomer og 60 til 75% har 18 carbonatomer, basert på 100% og hvor M er valgt fra gruppen bestående av Cl , Br , • QH og C2^^ 2 > eller blandinger av disse, og en smekt ittlei re med en kat i on ut veks lende evne på minst 75 milliekvivalenter per 100 g leire, og hvor nevnte ammoniumforbindelse er fra 80 til 120 mi 11 iekviva lenter per 100 g leire, basert på 100% aktiv leire. where R^ is CH^»R2 is CgH^Ch^*Rg and R^ is alkyl groups containing a mixture of 14 to 20 carbon atoms wherein 20 to 35% have 16 carbon atoms and 60 to 75% have 18 carbon atoms, based on 100% and where M is selected from the group consisting of Cl , Br , • QH and C2^^ 2 > or mixtures thereof, and a softened clay with a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 g of clay, and where said ammonium compound is from 80 to 120 ml 11 equivalents per 100 g of clay, based on 100% active clay.
Særlig egnete typer av leire er de naturlig forekommende Wyoming-varianter av svellende bentonitter og lignende leirer og hektoritt, en svellende magnesium-1 itium-si 1ikat1ei re. Leirene, særlig bentonittleirene, er fortrinnsvis overført til natrium-formen hvis de ikke allerede foreligger i denne form. Dette gjøres enkelt ved å fremstille en vandig leire-oppslemning og lede oppslemningen gjennom et lag av kation-omdannende harpiks i natrium-form. Alternativt kan leiren blandes med vann og en løselig natriumforbindelse som f.eks. natriumkarbonat, natriumhydroksyd eller lignende og blandingen bearbeides i en kollergang eller ekstruder. Particularly suitable types of clay are the naturally occurring Wyoming varieties of swelling bentonites and similar clays and hectorite, a swelling magnesium-itium silica. The clays, particularly the bentonite clays, are preferably transferred to the sodium form if they are not already in this form. This is easily done by preparing an aqueous clay slurry and passing the slurry through a layer of cation-converting resin in sodium form. Alternatively, the clay can be mixed with water and a soluble sodium compound such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or the like and the mixture is processed in a colander or extruder.
Smektittleirer som er fremstillet syntetisk ved enten en pneumatolytisk., eller fortrinnsvis en hydrotermisk syntese-prosess kan også anvendes for fremstilling av de organofile leirer ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Representanter for slike leirer er montmori1lonitt, bentonitt, beidelitt, hektoritt, saponitt og stevensitt. Disse leirer kan syntetiseres hydrotermisk ved å fremstille en vandig reak-sjonsblan ding i form av en oppslemning som inneholder blandinger av oksydhydrater eller hydroksyder av det egnete metall med eller uten natrium- (eller alternativ utvekselbar kation eller blandinger derav) fluorid i mengder for den spesielt ønskede syntetiske smektitt. Oppslemningen plasseres derefter i en autoklav og opphetes under trykk til en temperatur innen området 100° til 325°C, fortrinnsvis 274° til 300°C, i tilstrekkelig lang tid for å danne det ønskede produkt. Representative hydrotermiske prosesser for fremstilling av syntetiske smektitter er beskrevet i de følgende US patenter: US patent nr. 3.252.757, 3.5B6.47B, 3.666.407, 3.671.190, 3.844.978, 3.844.979, 3.852.405, 3.855.147. Smectite clays which have been produced synthetically by either a pneumatolytic or preferably a hydrothermal synthesis process can also be used for the production of the organophilic clays according to the present invention. Representatives of such clays are montmorillonite, bentonite, beidelite, hectorite, saponite and stevensite. These clays can be synthesized hydrothermally by preparing an aqueous reaction mixture in the form of a slurry containing mixtures of oxide hydrates or hydroxides of the appropriate metal with or without sodium (or alternatively exchangeable cation or mixtures thereof) fluoride in amounts for the particular desired synthetic smectites. The slurry is then placed in an autoclave and heated under pressure to a temperature in the range of 100° to 325°C, preferably 274° to 300°C, for a sufficient time to form the desired product. Representative hydrothermal processes for the production of synthetic smectites are described in the following US patents: US Patent Nos. 3,252,757, 3,5B6,47B, 3,666,407, 3,671,190, 3,844,978, 3,844,979, 3,852,405, 3,855 .147.
Det foretrukne kvartære ammoniumsalt for anvendelse ved utøvelsen av denne oppfinnelse er mety1-benzyl-dihydrogenert-ta lg-ammoniumklorid. Kommersielt fremstillet hydrogenert talg har følgende typiske analyse: 2,0% C14, 0,5% C15, 29,0% C1B, 1,5% C17, 66,0% C1Qog 1,0% C20alkylradikaler. The preferred quaternary ammonium salt for use in the practice of this invention is methyl-benzyl-dihydrogenated-ta lg-ammonium chloride. Commercially produced hydrogenated tallow has the following typical analysis: 2.0% C14, 0.5% C15, 29.0% C1B, 1.5% C17, 66.0% C1Q, and 1.0% C20 alkyl radicals.
Alkylradikalene kan stamme fra andre naturlige oljer, bl.a. forskjellige vegetabilske oljer, som f.eks. maisolje, soya-olje, bomu1lsfrøo1je, ricinusolje og lignende, og forskjellige animalske oljer eller fett. Alkylradikalene kan ha en petro-kjemisk opprinnelse som f.eks. alfa-olefiner. The alkyl radicals can originate from other natural oils, e.g. different vegetable oils, such as corn oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, castor oil and the like, and various animal oils or fats. The alkyl radicals can have a petrochemical origin such as e.g. alpha-olefins.
Flere prosesser er kjent for fremstilling av mety1-benzy1-dialky1-ammoniumsalter. I alminnelighet vil en fagmann på området fremstille et dialkyl-sekundæramin f.eks. ved hydro-genering av nitriler, se US patent nr. 2.355.356, danne mety1-dialky1-tertiært amin ved reduktiv alkylering ved bruk av formaldehyd som kilde for metylradikaiet, se US patent nr. 3.136.819, og derefter danne det kvartære aminhalogenid ved å tilsette benzylklorid eller benzylbromid til det tertiære amin, se US patent nr. 2.775.417. Several processes are known for the preparation of methyl-benzyl-dialkyl-ammonium salts. In general, a person skilled in the art will prepare a dialkyl secondary amine, e.g. by hydrogenation of nitriles, see US Patent No. 2,355,356, forming the methyl-dialkyl-tertiary amine by reductive alkylation using formaldehyde as the source of the methyl radical, see US Patent No. 3,136,819, and then forming the quaternary amine halide by adding benzyl chloride or benzyl bromide to the tertiary amine, see US Patent No. 2,775,417.
Den organofile leire kan fremstilles ved å blande leiren, The organophilic clay can be prepared by mixing the clay,
den kvartære ammoniumforbindelse og vann, fortrinnsvis ved en temperatur i området fra 38°C til 82°C, særlig foretrukket fra 60°C til 77°C i tilstrekkelig lang tid for den organiske kvartære ammoniumforbindelse til å belegge leirepartiklene, hvorefter følger filtrering, vasking, tørring og maling. the quaternary ammonium compound and water, preferably at a temperature in the range from 38°C to 82°C, particularly preferably from 60°C to 77°C for a sufficiently long time for the organic quaternary ammonium compound to coat the clay particles, followed by filtration, washing , drying and painting.
Hvis de organofile leirer skal brukes i emulsjoner bortfaller tørre- og maletrinnet. Hvis leiren, den kvartære ammoniumforbindelse og vann blandes i slike konsentrasjoner at det ikke dannes noen oppslemning, kan filtrerings- og vasketrinnet elimineres. If the organophilic clays are to be used in emulsions, the drying and grinding step is omitted. If the clay, the quaternary ammonium compound and water are mixed in such concentrations that no slurry is formed, the filtration and washing step can be eliminated.
Fortrinnsvis blir leiren dispergert i vann ved en konsentrasjon fra 3 til 7 vekts% og oppslemningen sentrifugeres eventuelt for å fjerne ikke-leire forurensninger som utgjør fra 10 vekts% til 50 vekts% av den opprinnelige leire-forbindelse. Oppslemningen røres og oppvarmes til en temperatur i området fra 60°C til 77°C hvorpå det kvartære aminsalt tilsettes i det ønskede mi 11 iekvi va lentforhold, fortrinnsvis som en væske i isopropanol eller dispergert i vann, og omrøringen fortsetter for å gjennomføre reaksjonen. Preferably, the clay is dispersed in water at a concentration of from 3 to 7% by weight and the slurry optionally centrifuged to remove non-clay impurities which constitute from 10% by weight to 50% by weight of the original clay compound. The slurry is stirred and heated to a temperature in the range from 60°C to 77°C whereupon the quaternary amine salt is added in the desired mi 11 iequivalent ratio, preferably as a liquid in isopropanol or dispersed in water, and stirring is continued to carry out the reaction.
Mengden av metyl-benzy1-dialkyl-ammoniumsaltet som tilsettes til leiren må være tilstrekkelig for å tilføre leiren de ønskede dispergeringsegenskaper. Milliekvivalentforholdet er definert som antallet milliekvivalenter av den kvartære ammoniumforbindelse i den organofile leire per 100 g leire på en 100% aktiv basis. Den organofile leire ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse har et milliekvivalentforhold fra 80 til 120. Fortrinnsvis er milliekvivalentforholdet 85 til 95. The amount of the methyl-benzyl-dialkyl-ammonium salt added to the clay must be sufficient to impart the desired dispersing properties to the clay. The milliequivalent ratio is defined as the number of milliequivalents of the quaternary ammonium compound in the organophilic clay per 100 g of clay on a 100% active basis. The organophilic clay according to the present invention has a milliequivalent ratio of from 80 to 120. Preferably, the milliequivalent ratio is 85 to 95.
Ved lavere milliekvivalentforhold er de dannede organofile leirer ikke så effektive geleringsmidler for oljebaserte emulsjonsborevæsker og oljebaserte emulsjonstettevæsker (packer fluids). Ved høyere ekvivalentforhold er de organofile leirer dårligere geleringsmidler. At lower milliequivalent ratios, the formed organophilic clays are not as effective gelling agents for oil-based emulsion drilling fluids and oil-based emulsion sealing fluids (packer fluids). At higher equivalence ratios, the organophilic clays are poorer gelling agents.
Oljefasen som egner seg for fremstilling av emulsjonsvæskene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er råpetroleum og fraksjoner derav, som f.eks. dieselolje, parafin, brenselolje, lette smøringsolje-fraksjoner, tung nafta med et kokepunktsområde mellom ca. 15 0°' - 315°C, og lignende. Det foretrukne materiale er dieselolje som stammer fra rådestillasjon av rå petroleumsolje. The oil phase which is suitable for the production of the emulsion liquids according to the present invention is crude petroleum and fractions thereof, such as e.g. diesel oil, kerosene, fuel oil, light lubricating oil fractions, heavy naphtha with a boiling point range between approx. 15 0°' - 315°C, and the like. The preferred material is diesel oil derived from crude distillation of crude petroleum oil.
Den vandige fase ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er vann, som omfatter vandige oppløsninger av anorganiske salter som f.eks. natriumklorid, kalsiumklorid o.lign. Selv om tilsetning av disse salter er valgfritt, er deres nærvær til hjelp ved boring gjennom formasjoner som inneholder hydratiserbare leirer ved å øke det osmotiske trykk av vannfasen. Rn fullstendig diskusjon av disse salters effekt er beskrevet i US patent nr. 3.561.548. The aqueous phase according to the present invention is water, which comprises aqueous solutions of inorganic salts such as e.g. sodium chloride, calcium chloride, etc. Although the addition of these salts is optional, their presence is helpful when drilling through formations containing hydratable clays by increasing the osmotic pressure of the water phase. A full discussion of the effect of these salts is described in US Patent No. 3,561,548.
Den nøyaktive mengde vann som væsken skal inneholde bestemmes av en rekke faktorer som omfatter krav til væskevekt, ønskede flyte-egenskaper, den temperatur man venter å møte i borehullet og operative krav som stilles til væsken under boring, segregering eller avslutning av operasjonene. Generelt sett har man funnet å foretrekke å anvende vann i mengder fra 2 til 50 volum%. Disse mengder vann gjør oljebaserte væsker flamme-sikre fordi den dampmengde som frigjøres når oljen utsettes for temperaturer som ville antenne den virker kvelende. I til- legg har væsken en utmerket toleranse overfor vannfor-urensende forbindelser og væskens flyte-egenskaper kan reguleres til verdier sammenlignbare med verdiene til vann-baserte væsker. Konvensjonelle emulgeringsmidler kan anvendes i sammensetningene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse for å emulgere vannet i oljefasen. Den mengde emulgeringsmiddel som skal anvendes, er primært avhengig av mengden vann som er tilstede og den ønskede grad av emulgering. I alminnelighet er fra 5,5 til 8 6 g/l, og særlig foretrukket fra 14 til 5 7 g/l funnet å være tilfredsstillende for å oppnå de nødvendige gelstyrker og filtreringsstyring. Emulgeringsmidlene kan velges fra vanlige anvendte emulgeringsmidler som f.eks. The precise amount of water that the fluid must contain is determined by a number of factors that include requirements for fluid weight, desired flow properties, the temperature expected to be encountered in the borehole and operational requirements placed on the fluid during drilling, segregation or completion of the operations. In general, it has been found preferable to use water in amounts from 2 to 50% by volume. These amounts of water make oil-based fluids flame-resistant because the amount of vapor released when the oil is exposed to temperatures that would ignite it acts as a suffocator. In addition, the liquid has an excellent tolerance towards water-contaminating compounds and the liquid's flow properties can be regulated to values comparable to those of water-based liquids. Conventional emulsifiers can be used in the compositions according to the present invention to emulsify the water in the oil phase. The amount of emulsifier to be used is primarily dependent on the amount of water present and the desired degree of emulsification. In general, from 5.5 to 86 g/l, and particularly preferably from 14 to 57 g/l, have been found to be satisfactory for achieving the necessary gel strengths and filtration control. The emulsifiers can be selected from commonly used emulsifiers such as e.g.
"EZ MUL" emulgeringsmiddel og "INVERMUL" oljeslamkonsentrat, begge varemerker tilhørende NL Industries, Inc., Baroid Division. "EZ MUL" emulsifier and "INVERMUL" oil sludge concentrate, both trademarks of NL Industries, Inc., Baroid Division.
Blandingen kan, hvis ønskes, inneholde vanlige vektøkende midler som f.eks. "BAROID" bariumsulfat for å regulere væskens spesifikke vekt mellom 0,9 og 2,6 g/cm 3 og også væsketapsregulerende midler (filtrate reducers) som beskrevet i US patent nr. 3.168.475 og US patent nr. 3.494.865. The mixture can, if desired, contain common weight-increasing agents such as e.g. "BAROID" barium sulfate to regulate the liquid's specific weight between 0.9 and 2.6 g/cm 3 and also liquid loss regulating agents (filtrate reducers) as described in US patent no. 3,168,475 and US patent no. 3,494,865.
Den mengde av den organofile leire som anvendes, er den mengde som gir den nødvendige grad av gelering (fortykning) av den oljebaserte væske for den anvendelse den er tenkt for, d.v.s. som borevæske eller tetningsvæske (packer fluid). Den minimumskonsentrasjon av organofil leire som er nødvendig for å gelere en spesiell blanding er avhengig av forskjellige faktorer, som f.eks. hvilken type av organofil leire som anvendes, oljefasens karakteristika og den maksimumstemperatur som forbindelsen vil bli utsatt for. Den maksimale konsentrasjon av den organofile leire som kan anvendes, er begrenset bare ved at blandingen må være tilstrekkelig flytende til å kunne pumpes. The amount of the organophilic clay used is the amount which provides the necessary degree of gelation (thickening) of the oil-based liquid for the application for which it is intended, i.e. as drilling fluid or packing fluid (packer fluid). The minimum concentration of organophilic clay necessary to gel a particular mixture depends on various factors, such as the type of organophilic clay used, the characteristics of the oil phase and the maximum temperature to which the compound will be exposed. The maximum concentration of the organophilic clay that can be used is limited only by the fact that the mixture must be sufficiently fluid to be able to be pumped.
Konsentrasjoner av organofil leire innen området fra 2,8 til 86 g/l vil i alminnelighet gi en tilstrekkelig gelert væske for et bredt anvendelsesområde. Fortrinnsvis anvendes 2,8 til 28 g/l ved fremstilling av oljebaserte emulsjonsborevæsker Concentrations of organophilic clay in the range from 2.8 to 86 g/l will generally provide a sufficiently gelled liquid for a wide range of applications. Preferably, 2.8 to 28 g/l is used when producing oil-based emulsion drilling fluids
mens mengder fra ca. 16,5 til 86 g/l er funnet passende for fremstilling av oljebaserte emulsjonstetningsvæsker. Man har funnet at når den organofile leire blandes inn i den oljebaserte emulsjonsvæske oppnåes praktisk talt fullstendig gelering ved lave skjærkrefter. Den dannede oljebaserte emulsjonsvæske er en stabil oljebasert emulsjonsvæske ved overflatetemperaturer ned til under -29°C og temperaturer i bunnen av borehullene opp til 260°C. Dannelsen av en stabil væske skjer i løpet av få minutter efter innblanding av den organofile leire i den oljebaserte væske ved lave skjær-kref ter . while amounts from approx. 16.5 to 86 g/l has been found suitable for the production of oil-based emulsion sealing fluids. It has been found that when the organophilic clay is mixed into the oil-based emulsion liquid, practically complete gelation is achieved at low shear forces. The oil-based emulsion fluid formed is a stable oil-based emulsion fluid at surface temperatures down to below -29°C and temperatures at the bottom of the boreholes up to 260°C. The formation of a stable liquid occurs within a few minutes after mixing the organophilic clay into the oil-based liquid at low shear forces.
Emulsjonsvæsken ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan anvendes som tetningsvæske (packer fluid) ved å tilsette til et olje-medium den organofile leire og vann, som eventuelt kan inneholde uorganiske salter. Sammensetningen av tetningsvæsken reguleres som diskutert ovenfor for å gi en pumpbar sammen-setning. De valgfrie emulgeringsmidler, vektsøkningsmidler og væsketapsregulerende materialer kan tilsettes når som helst. Det er bare nødvendig å oppnå en stabil emulsjon i oljefasen før anvendelse av væsken. Når den er fremstillet overføres tetningsvæsken, f.eks. ved pumping, til borehullet hvor en del av dette skal isoleres. The emulsion fluid according to the present invention can be used as a sealing fluid (packer fluid) by adding to an oil medium the organophilic clay and water, which may possibly contain inorganic salts. The composition of the sealing fluid is regulated as discussed above to provide a pumpable composition. The optional emulsifiers, bulking agents and fluid loss control materials can be added at any time. It is only necessary to obtain a stable emulsion in the oil phase before using the liquid. When it is produced, the sealing liquid is transferred, e.g. when pumping, to the borehole where part of this is to be isolated.
Den oljebaserte emulsjonsborevæske kan fremstilles og anvendes enten før boringen begynner eller mens boringen pågår. Fremgangsmåten for tilsetning av bestanddelene for å fremstille væsken er ikke kritisk. Blandingen utføres med konvensjonelt utstyr som er istand til å gi en blanding ved lave skjærkrefter. Større skjærkrefter kan anvendes, men det er ikke nødvendig. Når den er fremstillet,overføres emulsjonsbore-væsken, f.eks. ved pumping, til borehullet og sirkulerer til borkronen og gjennom borehullet i kontakt med borehulls-veggene. The oil-based emulsion drilling fluid can be prepared and used either before drilling begins or while drilling is in progress. The method of adding the ingredients to make the liquid is not critical. The mixing is carried out with conventional equipment which is able to give a mixture at low shear forces. Greater shear forces can be used, but it is not necessary. Once produced, the emulsion drilling fluid is transferred, e.g. by pumping, to the borehole and circulates to the drill bit and through the borehole in contact with the borehole walls.
Følgende eksempler er gitt for å illustrere oppfinnelsen. Alle prosentangivelser er basert på vekts% hvor intet annet er anført. Plastisk viskositet, flytegrense og 10 sek. gel er målt ifølge fremgangsmåten beskrevet i API RP13B, American Petroleum Institute Standard Procedure for Testing Fluids, The following examples are given to illustrate the invention. All percentages are based on % by weight unless otherwise stated. Plastic viscosity, yield strength and 10 sec. gel is measured according to the procedure described in API RP13B, American Petroleum Institute Standard Procedure for Testing Fluids,
6. utgave, April 1976. 6th edition, April 1976.
Smektittleirene som er anvendt er hektoritt og Wyoming bentonitt. Hektorittleiren ble oppslemmet i vann og sentrifugert for å fjerne praktisk talt alle ikke-leire urenheter. Wyoming-bentonittleiren ble oppslemmet i vann, sentrifugert for å fjerne praktisk talt alle ikke-leire urenheter og ione-byttet til natriumformen ved å føre oppslemningen gjennom et lag av kationeutvekslende harpiks i natriumform. Flere prøver av metyl-benzyl-dihydrogenert-talg-ammonium-klorid fra ENENCO, Inc. ble anvendt for å fremstille organoleirene som anvendes ifølge eksemplene. Molekylvekten av disse prøver, varierte fra 619 til 644 og prosent aktivitet i isopropanol varierte fra 60% til 81,5%. The smectite clays used are hectorite and Wyoming bentonite. The hectorite clay was slurried in water and centrifuged to remove virtually all non-clay impurities. The Wyoming bentonite clay was slurried in water, centrifuged to remove virtually all non-clay impurities and ion exchanged to the sodium form by passing the slurry through a bed of sodium form cation exchange resin. Several samples of methyl-benzyl-dihydrogenated-tallow-ammonium chloride from ENENCO, Inc. were used to prepare the organoclays used in the examples. The molecular weight of these samples varied from 619 to 644 and the percent activity in isopropanol varied from 60% to 81.5%.
Den konvensjonelt raffinerte olje og oljen raffinert ved oppløsningsmidler hadde følgende egenskaper: The conventionally refined oil and the solvent-refined oil had the following properties:
Eksempel 1 Example 1
De organofile leirer som er anført i Tabell I ble fremstillet ved å oppvarme leireoppslemningen til en temperatur innen området 66°C t 77°C, tilsette under omrøring den angitte mengde av det angitte kvartære ammoniumklorid som på forhånd var blitt smeltet for lettere håndtering og derefter fortsette omrøringen i ca. 45 minutter hvorefter fulgte filtrering, vasking, tørring ved 60°C og maling. The organophilic clays listed in Table I were prepared by heating the clay slurry to a temperature in the range of 66°C to 77°C, adding with stirring the indicated amount of the indicated quaternary ammonium chloride which had been previously melted for ease of handling and then continue stirring for approx. 45 minutes, followed by filtration, washing, drying at 60°C and painting.
Disse organofile leirer ble vurdert i den konvensjonelle raffinerte olje i det beskrevne dispergeringsforsøk, som tydelig viser den forbedrede dispergering av disse fortykningsmidler sammenlignet med ligne"nde organofile leirefortykkere. These organophilic clays were evaluated in the conventional refined oil in the dispersion test described, which clearly shows the improved dispersion of these thickeners compared to similar organophilic clay thickeners.
Dataene i Tabell I viser den sterke økning i lettheten i dispergering for organofile leirer fremstillet fra metyl-benzyl-dihydrogenert-talg-ammonium-klorid og smektittleirene når mengden av denne kvartære ammoniumforbindelse var innen området fra 80 til 120 milliekvivalenter per 100 g leire. The data in Table I show the strong increase in the ease of dispersion for organophilic clays made from methyl-benzyl-dihydrogenated-tallow-ammonium chloride and the smectite clays when the amount of this quaternary ammonium compound was in the range of 80 to 120 milliequivalents per 100 g of clay.
De anførte data illustrerer også de overlegne dispersjonsegen-skaper som de organofile leirer ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse har sammenlignet med organofile leirer fremstillet fra noenlunde lignende, men forskjellig, kvartære ammonium-forbindelser. The stated data also illustrate the superior dispersion properties that the organophilic clays according to the present invention have compared to organophilic clays produced from somewhat similar, but different, quaternary ammonium compounds.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Fortykkeren ifølge Eksempel 1 med bentonittleire med et ekvivalentforhold på 102,6 ble bedømt som en fortykker/suspen-sjonsmiddel i en oljebasert emulsjonsborevæske ved en konsentrasjon på 11,2 g/l. Borevæsken hadde følgende sammen-setning: 154 deler dieselolje, 129 deler vann, 68 deler kalsiumklorid, 8 deler "DURATONE HT" væsketapsregulerende tilsetning, 15 deler "INVERMUL" emulgeringsmiddel og 2 deler "EZ MUL" emulgeringsmiddel. Standard rheologiske data ble oppnådd på borevæsken efter blanding med den organofile leire i 15 minutter med en MULTIMIXER. Resultatet er angitt i tabell II og indikerer at denne organofile leire er en utmerket fortykker for oljebaserte emulsjonsborevæsker. The thickener according to Example 1 with bentonite clay with an equivalence ratio of 102.6 was evaluated as a thickener/suspension agent in an oil-based emulsion drilling fluid at a concentration of 11.2 g/l. The drilling fluid had the following composition: 154 parts diesel oil, 129 parts water, 68 parts calcium chloride, 8 parts "DURATONE HT" fluid loss control additive, 15 parts "INVERMUL" emulsifier and 2 parts "EZ MUL" emulsifier. Standard rheological data were obtained on the drilling fluid after mixing with the organophilic clay for 15 minutes with a MULTIMIXER. The result is given in Table II and indicates that this organophilic clay is an excellent thickener for oil-based emulsion drilling fluids.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Forandringene i de fysiske egenskaper ved økende temperatur for en typisk oljebasert borevæske ble sammenlignet med borevæsker fremstillet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Basisemulsjonsvæs-ken ble fremstillet ved å tilsette 42 g/l "INVERMUL" emulgeringsmiddel, 3,6 g/l "EZ MUL" emulgeringsmiddel og "DURATONE HT" væsketapsregulerende tilsetning til 616 g/l dieselolje og omrøre i en blander i 2 minutter hvorpå 106,4 g/l vann ble tilsatt og væsken blandet i ytterligere 8 minutter. "BAROID" bariumsulfat og kalsiumkloridpulver ble tilsatt i mengder på 910 g/l og 53,2 g/l og væsken blandet ytterligere 10 minutter. Den dannede borevæske hadde en spesifik vekt på 1,68 med et olje/vann volumfor-hold i den flytende fase på 85/15. The changes in the physical properties with increasing temperature for a typical oil-based drilling fluid were compared with drilling fluids produced according to the present invention. The base emulsion liquid was prepared by adding 42 g/l "INVERMUL" emulsifier, 3.6 g/l "EZ MUL" emulsifier and "DURATONE HT" fluid loss control additive to 616 g/l diesel oil and stirring in a mixer for 2 minutes after which 106.4 g/l water was added and the liquid mixed for a further 8 minutes. "BAROID" barium sulfate and calcium chloride powder were added in amounts of 910 g/l and 53.2 g/l and the liquid mixed for a further 10 minutes. The formed drilling fluid had a specific gravity of 1.68 with an oil/water volume ratio in the liquid phase of 85/15.
En del av basisvæsken ble delt i 2 deler på 350 ml og anbragt i stålbegere som ble pakket i is-saltblanding i en større beholder. Prøvene ble omrørt ved lave skjærkrefter med en MULTI-MIXER til væsken var nedkjølt til -3,9°C. Part of the base liquid was divided into 2 parts of 350 ml and placed in steel beakers which were packed in an ice-salt mixture in a larger container. The samples were stirred at low shear with a MULTI-MIXER until the liquid was cooled to -3.9°C.
En prøve med 42 g/l av en fortykker med bentonittleire med et 95,5 milliekvivalentforhold ble fremstillet ifølge eksempel 1 og omrørt i væsken i 10 minutter. Den avkjølte væskeprøve ble om-rørt ved 600 opm og gradvis opphetet til 54,4°C. Den samme frem-gangsmåte ble gjentatt med en væske fremstillet med 42 g/l av en dimetyl-dioktadecyl-ammonium-bentonittleire. Resultatet er angitt i tabell III. A sample of 42 g/l of a bentonite clay thickener with a 95.5 milliequivalent ratio was prepared according to Example 1 and stirred in the liquid for 10 minutes. The cooled liquid sample was stirred at 600 rpm and gradually heated to 54.4°C. The same procedure was repeated with a liquid prepared with 42 g/l of a dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bentonite clay. The result is shown in table III.
Resultatene viser at væsken ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse viste en begynnende fortykning allerede ved ca. 1,7°C, mens den konvensjonelle væske ikke viste noen fortykning før ved 18,3°C. The results show that the liquid according to the present invention showed an initial thickening already at approx. 1.7°C, while the conventional liquid showed no thickening until 18.3°C.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Fremgangsm åten ifølge Eksempel 3 ble gjentatt med 16,3 g/l av en bentonittleire~fortykker med et gjennomsnittlig milliekvivalentforhold på mellom 82 og 88 og sammenlignet med dimetyl-dioktadecyl-ammonium-bentonittleiren ifølge Eksempel 3, bortsett fra at temperaturen ble holdt på 29,4°C mens flytegrensen og 10 sek. gelstyrke ble målt over en periode på 45 minutter. Resultatene er angitt i tabell IV. The procedure of Example 3 was repeated with 16.3 g/l of a bentonite clay thickener with an average milliequivalent ratio of between 82 and 88 and compared with the dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bentonite clay of Example 3, except that the temperature was maintained at 29 ,4°C while the yield point and 10 sec. gel strength was measured over a period of 45 minutes. The results are shown in Table IV.
Resultatene viser at væsken ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse var gelert innen de første 4 minutter, mens sammenligningsmaterialet fortsatte å gelere langsomt over hele omrøringsperioden og opp-nådde ikke maksimum fortykkelse før det var varmrullet og gjen-opprørt ved høy hastighet. The results show that the liquid according to the present invention gelled within the first 4 minutes, while the comparison material continued to gel slowly throughout the stirring period and did not reach maximum thickening until it was hot-rolled and re-stirred at high speed.
Claims (7)
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| JP (2) | JPS6023797B2 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR229229A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU529615B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7807159A (en) |
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| CA1105348A (en) * | 1977-11-01 | 1981-07-21 | Claude M. Finlayson | Oil base fluids with organophilic clays having enhanced dispersibility |
| CA1137739A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1982-12-21 | Donald J. Mintz | Thickener composite from a water swellable material, oil-surfactant phase and a polymer |
| CA1139928A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1983-01-25 | Evelyn N. Drake | Shear thickening fluid |
| US4391925A (en) | 1979-09-27 | 1983-07-05 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Shear thickening well control fluid |
| US4503170A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1985-03-05 | Exxon Production Research Co. | Shear thickening fluid |
| CA1154945A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1983-10-11 | Charles R. Dawson, Jr. | Thickener from water-swellable material, oil surfactant and water |
| US4412018A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1983-10-25 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Organophilic clay complexes, their preparation and compositions comprising said complexes |
| US4391637A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1983-07-05 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Rheological additive for non-aqueous fluid systems |
| IT1194110B (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1988-09-14 | Nl Industries Inc | FLUIDS BASED ON OILS CONTAINING ORGANOPHILE CLAYS CATIONIC |
| BR8107427A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1983-05-24 | Nl Industries Inc | OIL-BASED FLUID IN PARTICULAR OIL-BASED FILLING FLUID PROCESS TO INSULATE A TUBE FOR COATING IN A DRILLING POCO AND GELIFICANT |
| DE3149131A1 (en) * | 1981-12-11 | 1983-06-23 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Synthetic layered silicates modified by quaternary ammonium compounds |
| JPS58124535A (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1983-07-25 | Pola Chem Ind Inc | Preparation of emulsified composition |
| WO1983002951A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-01 | Richard Pawel Jachnik | Drilling fluids and methods of using them |
| WO1983002950A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-01 | Richard Pawel Jachnik | Drilling fluids and methods of using them |
| WO1983002949A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-01 | Richard Pawel Jachnik | Drilling fluids and methods of using them |
| NL8300608A (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-16 | Milchem Inc | DRILL FLUSH AND METHOD FOR USE THEREOF. |
| NO830556L (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-19 | Milchem Inc | DRILL FLUIDS AND PROCEDURES TO USE THEREOF |
| FR2521583A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-19 | Milchem Inc | Non-polluting oil for offshore drilling fluids - with low toxicity to shrimps and low viscosity |
| US4469639A (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1984-09-04 | Georgia Kaolin Company, Inc. | Preparation of organically modified smectites by treatment with methyl benzyl dialkyl ammonium halide |
| US4568392A (en) * | 1982-06-06 | 1986-02-04 | Exxon Production Research Co. | Well treating fluid |
| US4425463A (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1984-01-10 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Drilling fluids based on a mixture of sulfonated thermoplastic polymer and an amine-treated clay |
| GB2151219A (en) * | 1983-11-05 | 1985-07-17 | Perchem Ltd | Organoclay materials |
| US4676997A (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1987-06-30 | The Hill-And-Griffith Company | Sand casting pattern coating compositions |
| JP5428501B2 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2014-02-26 | 東ソー株式会社 | Structure directing agent for zeolite production |
| JP5718559B2 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2015-05-13 | クニミネ工業株式会社 | Process for producing organic bentonite and organic bentonite obtained thereby |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2816073A (en) * | 1956-07-16 | 1957-12-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Drilling fluid |
| JPS53133354A (en) * | 1977-04-27 | 1978-11-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Phase synchronizing circuit |
| CA1105348A (en) * | 1977-11-01 | 1981-07-21 | Claude M. Finlayson | Oil base fluids with organophilic clays having enhanced dispersibility |
-
1978
- 1978-10-24 CA CA314,094A patent/CA1105348A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-24 NO NO783580A patent/NO146364C/en unknown
- 1978-10-30 DE DE2847147A patent/DE2847147C2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-30 GB GB7842507A patent/GB2008171B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-30 SE SE7811233A patent/SE437847B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-31 JP JP53133354A patent/JPS6023797B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-31 IT IT29342/78A patent/IT1101284B/en active
- 1978-10-31 FR FR7830908A patent/FR2407252A1/en active Granted
- 1978-10-31 AU AU41193/78A patent/AU529615B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-31 BR BR7807159A patent/BR7807159A/en unknown
- 1978-11-01 AR AR274320A patent/AR229229A1/en active
- 1978-11-01 NL NLAANVRAGE7810886,A patent/NL188656C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-06-16 SG SG273/82A patent/SG27382G/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-06-12 JP JP59119253A patent/JPS6042481A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7811233L (en) | 1979-05-02 |
| CA1105348A (en) | 1981-07-21 |
| NL188656C (en) | 1992-08-17 |
| DE2847147A1 (en) | 1979-05-03 |
| AU4119378A (en) | 1980-05-08 |
| IT1101284B (en) | 1985-09-28 |
| AR229229A1 (en) | 1983-07-15 |
| SG27382G (en) | 1985-01-11 |
| JPS6023797B2 (en) | 1985-06-10 |
| FR2407252B1 (en) | 1984-01-20 |
| JPS6042481A (en) | 1985-03-06 |
| JPS5484882A (en) | 1979-07-06 |
| NL7810886A (en) | 1979-05-03 |
| DE2847147C2 (en) | 1986-06-05 |
| NO783580L (en) | 1979-05-03 |
| GB2008171B (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| NO146364C (en) | 1982-09-15 |
| AU529615B2 (en) | 1983-06-16 |
| FR2407252A1 (en) | 1979-05-25 |
| IT7829342A0 (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| SE437847B (en) | 1985-03-18 |
| GB2008171A (en) | 1979-05-31 |
| BR7807159A (en) | 1979-07-10 |
| JPH0115550B2 (en) | 1989-03-17 |
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