NO144623B - MANUFACTURING STROELY DISCS USING GLASS FIBER FILLED THERMOPLASTIC FILES - Google Patents
MANUFACTURING STROELY DISCS USING GLASS FIBER FILLED THERMOPLASTIC FILES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO144623B NO144623B NO762255A NO762255A NO144623B NO 144623 B NO144623 B NO 144623B NO 762255 A NO762255 A NO 762255A NO 762255 A NO762255 A NO 762255A NO 144623 B NO144623 B NO 144623B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- glass fiber
- foils
- bis
- weight
- discs
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 polyarylsulfones Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001283 Polyalkylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 17
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-Dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007716 flux method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002852 poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUQYBSRMWWRFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-en-2-ylphenol Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WUQYBSRMWWRFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIRRFAQIWQFQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethyl-o-cresol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O CIRRFAQIWQFQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002684 aminocaproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- WIVXEZIMDUGYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(i) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+].[Cu+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WIVXEZIMDUGYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-Aminoundecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAQOZOILPAMFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-bis[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=C(CC=3C(=CC=C(C)C=3)O)C=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 MAQOZOILPAMFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- METWAQRCMRWDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1O METWAQRCMRWDAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAILKKRDWBJCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dipropylphenol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC(CCC)=C1O NAILKKRDWBJCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLDLRWQLBOJPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanylphenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1O BLDLRWQLBOJPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUNNUNBSGQSGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O KUNNUNBSGQSGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYCSOUAFIFIEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,3-bis[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1Cl WYCSOUAFIFIEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKZFZHNJLYDHKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-6-propylphenol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1O AKZFZHNJLYDHKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFETUQFRWIVAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-6-propan-2-ylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1O KFETUQFRWIVAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXSQQKKFGJHACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-6-propylphenol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O NXSQQKKFGJHACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDULHUHNYHJYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C(C)C ZDULHUHNYHJYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSSGMIIGVQRGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RSSGMIIGVQRGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRPSWMCDEYMRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BRPSWMCDEYMRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQTDWDATSAVLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=CC(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=C1 RQTDWDATSAVLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIEGINNQDIULCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)CC(C)(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CIEGINNQDIULCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOCLKUCIZOXUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BOCLKUCIZOXUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrachlorobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVJVAGSQQNKTJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [B+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] FVJVAGSQQNKTJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFKZUAOAYVHBOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);acetate Chemical compound [Cu+].CC([O-])=O RFKZUAOAYVHBOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCCC1 VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004188 dichlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCS(=O)CC CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003106 haloaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUKUFMFMCZIRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methanol;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OC FUKUFMFMCZIRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-[2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=1CN(CC(=O)OC)CCN(CC(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009896 oxidative bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940031826 phenolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00605—Production of reflex reflectors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Description
Med strølysskiver forstår man flatéaktige eller Stray light discs are understood as flat or flat
formede strukturer med veggtykkelser fra 0,005 til 20 mm, hvor en loddrett til strølysskivens overflate påtreffende lysstråle ved gjennom- resp. utgang gjennom denne avbøyes fra en retning. shaped structures with wall thicknesses from 0.005 to 20 mm, where a perpendicular to the surface of the scattered light disk impinging light beam at through- or output through this is deflected from one direction.
Folier av glassfiberfylte termoplastiske kunst- Foils of fiberglass-filled thermoplastic synthetic
stoffer er prinsippielt kjent (se eksempelvis DOS 2.437.508). substances are known in principle (see for example DOS 2.437.508).
De kan fremstilles, idet glassfibre blandes med en kunststoff-smelteog denne glassfiberholdige kunststoffsmelte presses ut gjennom en dyse. Som termoplastiske kunststoffer er det dertil egnet de forskjelligste transparente polymere. Som glassfibre er det egnet alle i handelen befinnende glassfibersorter og They can be produced by mixing glass fibers with a plastic melt and this glass fiber-containing plastic melt is pressed out through a nozzle. As thermoplastic plastics, a wide variety of transparent polymers are suitable for this purpose. As glass fibres, all commercially available glass fiber varieties and
-typer, altså kuttet glassilke (langglassfiber og kortglass- -types, i.e. cut glass silk (long glass fiber and short glass
fiber) rovings eller stapelfibre, hvis de er appretert med de for de eventuelt anvendte, polymere egnede lim eller liqnende. Lenqden av glassfibrene, om de nå er buntet til fibre eller fibrene på sin side buntet til garn, tau eller strenger eller eksempelvis er vevet til matter eller ikke, skal ved langglass ligge mellom "60 fibre) roving or staple fibres, if they have been prepared with adhesives suitable for the polymers used or similar. The length of the glass fibres, whether they are now bundled into fibers or the fibers are in turn bundled into yarn, rope or string or for example woven into mats or not, for long glass must be between "60
mm og 6 mm, ved kortglass skal maksimallengden ligge mellom 5 mm (5000/um) og 0,05 mm (50^um). 2 glassfibertyper foretrekkes spesielt: mm and 6 mm, with short glasses the maximum length must be between 5 mm (5000/um) and 0.05 mm (50^um). 2 glass fiber types are particularly preferred:
I. Langglassfibre med- en .midlere fiberlengde på 6000^um, I. Long glass fibers with an average fiber length of 6000 µm,
en diameter på 15^um og en pulverdel (under 50/Um) på ca. 1 vekt% a diameter of 15 μm and a powder portion (below 50 μm) of approx. 1% by weight
og and
II. malte kortglassfibre med en midlere fiberlengde på 230^um, en diameter på 13/Um og en pulverdel (under 50^um) på II. ground short glass fibers with an average fiber length of 230 µm, a diameter of 13 µm and a powder fraction (below 50 µm) of
5 vekt?. 5 weight?.
Som glassmaterial er det brukbart det alkalifrie aluminium-bor-silikatglass ("E-glass"). eller også det alkali-holdige "C-glass". Som egnet klister kan det anvendes alle de i litteraturen kjente; spesielt egnet for polykarbonatmasser er de for kortglassfibre kjente vannklistere (sammenlign DAS 1.201.991). Alkali-free aluminium-boron-silicate glass ("E-glass") can be used as glass material. or also the alkali-containing "C-glass". All those known in the literature can be used as suitable adhesives; particularly suitable for polycarbonate masses are the water pastes known for short glass fibers (compare DAS 1.201.991).
Med hensyn til den tekniske anvendelse av folier av glassfiberfylte-termoplastiske kunststoffer anbefales hittiT'" With regard to the technical application of foils made of fiberglass-filled thermoplastic plastics, it is recommended that
bare å anbefale disse som elektriske isoleringsstof f er'. only to recommend these as electrical insulating materials f er'.
Strølysskiver anvendes eksempelvis for signalele-menter i en- og fleregangers kontrollinstrumenter eller strømningsbilder., Strølysskiver bør være jevnt lyse over sin samlede flate. De Scattered light discs are used, for example, for signal elements in single- and multiple-use control instruments or flow images., Scattered light discs should be uniformly bright over their entire surface. The
kan være forskjellig innfarvet eller trykket med transparente farver. Strølysskiver er hittil fremstillet av etset glass eller av matterte kunststoffolier. Matterte kunststoffolier foretrekkes i forhold til etset glass på grunn av den større sikkerhet, enklere fremstilling og tilkutting og bedre trykk-barhet. Riktignok må matteringen av slike for fremstilling av strølysskiver egnede kunststoffolier være spesielt god. Ujevn-heter i mattering fører ved gjennbmstråling til forskjellig lys- can be differently colored or printed with transparent colours. Up until now, diffused light discs have been made of etched glass or of matted plastic foils. Frosted plastic foils are preferred over etched glass because of the greater safety, simpler production and cutting and better printability. Admittedly, the matting of such plastic foils suitable for the production of scattered light discs must be particularly good. Irregularities in matting lead to different light-
net. Matteringen.av kunststoffolier som vanligvis har en rå- network. The matting of plastic foils which usually have a raw
dybde mellom 0,2/Um og 2^,um, er riktignok meget følsom overfor mekaniske beskadigelser som kan oppstå ved fremstilling og ved videreforarbeidelse av folien. Disse ulemper kan unngås når lys-avbøyningen ikke frembringes på den matterte overflate av kunststoffolien, men i det indre av kunststoffolien, når man altså anvender folier som istedenfor eller i tillegg til en mattering eksempelvis har et innhold av pigmenter. Ved de hittil kjente ;strøpigmenter, eksempelvis bariumsulfat, titandioksyd, sot' depth between 0.2 µm and 2 µm, is admittedly very sensitive to mechanical damage that can occur during production and further processing of the foil. These disadvantages can be avoided when the light deflection is not produced on the matted surface of the plastic foil, but in the interior of the plastic foil, when you use foils that instead of or in addition to a matting, for example, have a content of pigments. In the case of the hitherto known 'scatter pigments, for example barium sulphate, titanium dioxide, soot'
eller silisiumdioksyd kan ved en lysgjennomtrengning på f.eks. or silicon dioxide can with a light penetration of e.g.
30% en tilstrekkelig strøvirkning først oppnås ved en folie-tykkelse på over 2 mm, hvorved vanligvis opptrer en sterk egenfarv-ning, som eksempelvis fører til at baksiden av en på en side rød-transparent trykket plate ved gjennomstråling er orange. 30% a sufficient scattering effect is first achieved with a foil thickness of over 2 mm, whereby a strong self-colouring usually occurs, which, for example, causes the back of a red-transparent printed plate on one side to be orange when transmitted through.
Overraskende ble det nå funnet at folier av glassfiberfylte termoplastiske kunststoffer oppnår en for fremstilling av strølysskiver tilstrekkelig strøvirkning allerede ved ca. 0,1 mm sjikttykkelee ved en.glassfiberdel på 40 vekt?. Strøvirkningen av disse folier er uavhengig av beskaffenheten av deres overflater; foliene kan således enklere håndteres, lagres, oppvikles, trykkes resp. stanses. Overflaten av folien av glassfiberfylte termoplastiske kunststoffer kan dessuten preges, narves eller utstyres med andre relieffer uten å måtte ta på kjøpet en påvirkning av foliens strøvirkning.. Surprisingly, it was now found that foils of fiberglass-filled thermoplastic plastics achieve a scattering effect sufficient for the production of diffused light discs already at approx. 0.1 mm layer thickness at a fiberglass part of 40 weight?. The scattering effect of these foils is independent of the nature of their surfaces; the foils can thus be more easily handled, stored, rolled up, printed or is stopped. The surface of the foil made of fiberglass-filled thermoplastic plastics can also be embossed, grained or equipped with other reliefs without having to accept an influence on the foil's scattering effect.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører anvendelse av folier av glassfiberfylte termoplastiske celluloseestére, polykarbonater, polyarylsulfoner, pdlyfenylenoksyder eller polyalkylentereftalater med et glassfiberinnhold mellom 20 og 30 vekt%, referert til samlet vekt, til fremstilling av strølysskiver. The invention relates to the use of foils of glass fiber-filled thermoplastic cellulose esters, polycarbonates, polyarylsulfones, pdlyphenylene oxides or polyalkylene terephthalates with a glass fiber content of between 20 and 30% by weight, referred to total weight, for the production of scattered light discs.
Tykkelsen av de ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendbare The thickness of the according to the invention applicable
folier kan ligge mellom 30^um og lOOO^um. foils can be between 30 µm and 100 µm.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede termoplastiske kunststoffer er polyolefiner, celluloseestere, polykarbonatpoly-arylsulfoner, polyfenylenoksyder, polystyrener, polyalkylentereftalater og polyamider. According to the invention, suitable thermoplastic plastics are polyolefins, cellulose esters, polycarbonate polyarylsulfones, polyphenylene oxides, polystyrenes, polyalkylene terephthalates and polyamides.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede glassfibre er de oven- According to the invention suitable glass fibers are the above-
for nevnte. for the aforementioned.
Polyolefiner innen oppfinnelsens ramme er polymere Polyolefins within the scope of the invention are polymers
av alifatiske umettede hydrokarboner som eksempelvis etylen, propylen, butylen eller isobutylen, som fåes etter vanlige fremgangsmåter, f.eks. radikalpolymerisasjon og har midlere vektsmidler eller molekylarvekter Mw (målt ifølge gelkromatografiske metoder) mellom 1000 og 3.000.000. Det er brukbart såvel høy-trykkpolyolefin som også lavtrykkpolyolefin. ■ De umettede hydrokarboner kan også være kopolymerisert med andre vinylmonomere som f.eks. vinylacetat på kjent måte. of aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, butylene or isobutylene, which are obtained by usual methods, e.g. radical polymerization and have weight averages or molecular weights Mw (measured according to gel chromatographic methods) between 1,000 and 3,000,000. Both high-pressure polyolefin and low-pressure polyolefin are usable. ■ The unsaturated hydrocarbons can also be copolymerized with other vinyl monomers such as e.g. vinyl acetate in a known manner.
Celluloseestere innen oppfinnelsers ramme fremstilles etter vanlig» fremgangsmåte ved forestring av cellulosen med alifatiske monokarboksylsyreanhydrider, fortrinnsvis eddiksyre- Cellulose esters within the framework of the invention are produced according to the usual" method by esterification of the cellulose with aliphatic monocarboxylic anhydrides, preferably acetic acid
og smørsyre- eller eddiksyre- og propionsyreanhydrid. Den i råoppløsningen gjennomførende hydrolyse styres ved et lite vann-overskudd således at det fåes et mindre hydroksydinnhold (4 til 25). Den oksydative blekning av den fra oppløsningen isolerte celluloseester må gjennomføres således at det i sluttproduktet ikke er mere påvisbart oksydasjonsmiddel; eventuelt må' det fore- and butyric or acetic and propionic anhydride. The hydrolysis carried out in the raw solution is controlled by a small excess of water so that a lower hydroxide content is obtained (4 to 25). The oxidative bleaching of the cellulose ester isolated from the solution must be carried out in such a way that there is no more detectable oxidizing agent in the final product; if necessary, it must
gå en etterbehandling med reduksjonsmiddel. undergo a post-treatment with a reducing agent.
For bestemmelse av OH-tallet forestres cellulose-esterens fri hydroksylgrupper med acetanhydrid. i pyridin, over-skuddet anhydrid omsettes med vann og tilbaketitreres /_—f or skrift: C.J. Mann, .L.B. Genung og R.F. Williams, Analysis of Cellulose Derivatives, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, volum 14, nr. To determine the OH number, the cellulose ester's free hydroxyl groups are esterified with acetic anhydride. in pyridine, the excess anhydride is reacted with water and back titrated /_—for writing: C.J. Mann, .L.B. Genung and R.F. Williams, Analysis of Cellulose Derivatives, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Volume 14, No.
12, 935-940 (1942_)/. 12, 935-940 (1942_)/.
Viskositeten av celluloseesteren bør utgjøre 0,3 The viscosity of the cellulose ester should be 0.3
til 0,5 poise, målt som 20 vekt?-ig oppløsning i aceton. Celluloseestere som fortrinnsvis anvendes har i tilfellet acetobuty-rater et eddiksyreinrihold fra 17 til 23 vekt? og et smørsyreinn- to 0.5 poise, measured as a 20% solution by weight in acetone. Cellulose esters which are preferably used have, in the case of acetobutyrates, an acetic acid content of from 17 to 23% by weight. and a butyric acid in-
innhold fra 45 til 50 vekt?, i tilfellet acetopropionater et propionsyreinnhold pa 61 - 69 vekt? og et eddiksyreinnhold fra 2 til 7 vekt?. OH-tallene ligger vanligvis mellom 4 og 25. Det midlere vektsmiddel av molekylvektene Mw ligger mellom 10.000 og 1.000.000, fortrinnsvis mellom 100.000 og 500.000. content from 45 to 50 wt?, in the case of acetopropionates a propionic acid content of 61 - 69 wt? and an acetic acid content of from 2 to 7 wt?. The OH numbers are usually between 4 and 25. The average weight of the molecular weights Mw is between 10,000 and 1,000,000, preferably between 100,000 and 500,000.
Som polykarbonater innen oppfinnelsens ramme kom-mer i betraktning de ved omsetning av aromatiske dihydroksyforbindelser, spesielt av dihydroksydiarylalkaner, med fosgen eller diestere av karbonsyre oppnåelige polykondensater, idet det ved siden av de usubstituerte dihydroksydiarylalkaner også er egnet slike, hvis arylrester i o- og/eller m-stilling til hydroksyl-gruppen har metylgrupper eller halogenatomer. Likeledes er det egnet forgrenede polykarbonater. As polycarbonates within the scope of the invention, the polycondensates obtainable by reaction of aromatic dihydroxy compounds, especially of dihydroxydiarylalkanes, with phosgene or diesters of carboxylic acid are taken into consideration, as, in addition to the unsubstituted dihydroxydiarylalkanes, those whose aryl residues in o- and / are also suitable or m-position to the hydroxyl group has methyl groups or halogen atoms. Likewise, branched polycarbonates are suitable.
Polykarbonatene som skal stabiliseres er midlere vektsmidler av molekylvekten Mw mellom 10.000 og 100.000, fortrinnsvis mellom 20.000 og 40.000, som fastslås ved måling av nrel i CH2Cl2 ved 20°C og en konsentrasjon på 0,5 vekt?. The polycarbonates to be stabilized are average weight agents of molecular weight Mw between 10,000 and 100,000, preferably between 20,000 and 40,000, which is determined by measuring nrel in CH2Cl2 at 20°C and a concentration of 0.5 wt?.
Egnede aromatiske dihydroksyforbindelser er f.eks. hydrokinon, resorcin, 4,4'-dihydroksydifenyl, bis-(hydroksy-fenyl)-alkaner som eksempelvis C-^-Cg-alkylen- resp. C2~Cg-alkylidenbisfenoler, bis-(hydroksyfenyl)-cykloalkaner som eksempelvis C^-C-j^-cykloalkylen- resp. C^-C^-cykloalkyliden-bisfenoler, bis-(hydroksy-fenyl)-sulfider, -etere, -ketoner, -sulfoksyder eller -sulfoner. Videre a,a'-bis-(hydroksyfenyl)-diisopropylbenzen samt de tilsvarende kjernealkylerte resp. kjernehalogenerte forbindelser. Foretrukket er polykarbonater på basis bis-(4-hydroksy-fenyl)-propan-2,2 (bisfenol A), bis-(4-hydroksy-3,5~diklor-fenyl)-propan-2,2 (tetraklorbisfenol A), bis-(4-hydroksy-3,5-dibrom-fenyl)-propan-2,2 (tetrabrombisfenol A), bis-(4-hydroksy-3,5-dimetyl-fenyl)-propan-2,2 (tetrametyl-bisfenol A), bis-(4-hydroksy-fenyl)-cykloheksan-1,1 (bisfenol Z) samt på basis av trekjerne-bisfenoler som <x,a'-bis-(4-hydroksyfeny1)-p-diisopropylbenzen. Suitable aromatic dihydroxy compounds are e.g. hydroquinone, resorcinol, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, bis-(hydroxy-phenyl)-alkanes such as C-^-Cg-alkylene- or C2~Cg-alkylidene bisphenols, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-cycloalkanes such as, for example, C^-C-j^-cycloalkylene- or C₁-C₁-cycloalkylidene bisphenols, bis-(hydroxy-phenyl) sulphides, ethers, ketones, sulphoxides or sulphones. Furthermore a,a'-bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-diisopropylbenzene as well as the corresponding nuclear alkylated resp. core halogenated compounds. Polycarbonates based on bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propane-2,2 (bisphenol A), bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5~dichloro-phenyl)-propane-2,2 (tetrachlorobisphenol A) are preferred , bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromo-phenyl)-propane-2,2 (tetrabromobisphenol A), bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propane-2,2 (tetramethyl -bisphenol A), bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexane-1,1 (bisphenol Z) as well as on the basis of trinuclear bisphenols such as <x,a'-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene.
Ytterligere for fremstilling av polykarbonater egnede aromatiske dihydroksyforbindelser er omtalt i US-patenter nr. 2.970.131, 2.991.273, 2.999-835, 2.999-846, 3.014.891, 3.028.365, 3.062.781, 3-148.172, 3.271.367, 3.271.368 og 3.280.078. Further aromatic dihydroxy compounds suitable for the production of polycarbonates are described in US patents no. 2,970,131, 2,991,273, 2,999-835, 2,999-846, 3,014,891, 3,028,365, 3,062,781, 3-148,172, 3,271. 367, 3,271,368 and 3,280,078.
Som poly-(2,6-dialky1-1,4-fenylenoksyd) innen oppfinnelsens ramme er det egnet slike hvis vektsmiddel-molekylvékt As poly-(2,6-dialkyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) within the scope of the invention, those whose weight average molecular weight
Mw (målt etter lysstrømetoden i kloroform) ligger mellom 2000 Mw (measured by the luminous flux method in chloroform) lies between 2000
og 100.000, fortrinnsvis mellom 20.000 og 60.000 og som fåes etter kjente fremgangsmåter ved oksyderende kondensasjon av 2,6-dialkylfenoler med oksygen i nærvær av katalysatorkombinasjoner av kobbersalter og tertiære aminer (se eksempelvis DOS 2.126.434 og US-patent nr. 3-306.875). and 100,000, preferably between 20,000 and 60,000 and which is obtained according to known methods by oxidative condensation of 2,6-dialkylphenols with oxygen in the presence of catalyst combinations of copper salts and tertiary amines (see for example DOS 2,126,434 and US patent no. 3-306,875 ).
Egnede poly-(2,6-dialky1-1,4-fenylenoksyder) er spesielt poly-/_~~2, 6-di(C^-Cij-alkyl)-!, 4-fenylenoksyder7 som eksempelvis poly-(2,6-dimetyl-l,4-fenylenoksyd). Suitable poly-(2,6-dialkyl 1-1,4-phenylene oxides) are especially poly-/_~2, 6-di(C 1 -C 1 -alkyl)-!, 4-phenylene oxides7 such as poly-(2, 6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide).
Egnede 2,6-dialkylf enoler er spesielt slike med C-^-Cjj-alkylsubstituenter som f. eks. 2,6-dimetylfenol, 2-metyl-6-etylfenol, 2,6-dietylfenol, 2-ety1-6-n-propylfenol, 2-metyl-6-isopropylfenol, 2-mety1-6-n-propylfenol, 2-metyl-6-butylfenol og 2,6-di-n-propylfenol. Suitable 2,6-dialkylphenols are especially those with C--C-C-alkyl substituents such as e.g. 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2-methyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-diethylphenol, 2-ethyl-6-n-propylphenol, 2-methyl-6-isopropylphenol, 2-methyl-6-n-propylphenol, 2- methyl-6-butylphenol and 2,6-di-n-propylphenol.
Egnede katalysatorkombinasjoner er spesielt kobber (I)-klorid og trietylamin, kobber(I)-sulfat og tributylamin, kobber(I)-sulfat og tributylamin, kobber(I)-acetat og N-metyl-morfolin og kobber(I)-klorid og pyridin. Suitable catalyst combinations are in particular copper (I) chloride and triethylamine, copper (I) sulphate and tributylamine, copper (I) sulphate and tributylamine, copper (I) acetate and N-methyl-morpholine and copper (I) chloride and pyridine.
En egnet fremstillingsfremgangsmåte for poly-(2,6-dialkyl-l,4-fenylenoksyder) er eksempelvis under anvendelse av kobber(I)-klorid/pyridin som katalysatorkombinasjon ifølge DOS 2.126.434 som følger: En 2,6-dialkyl-fenol oppløses i en blanding av n-butanol/toluen og kondenseres oksydativt-dehydrerende i nærvær av kobber(I)-klorid/pyridinkompleks under oksygentilførsel. Det utfelte polyfenylenoksyd gjenutfelles deretter fra kloroform/ metanol. A suitable production method for poly-(2,6-dialkyl-1,4-phenylene oxides) is, for example, using copper (I) chloride/pyridine as a catalyst combination according to DOS 2,126,434 as follows: A 2,6-dialkyl-phenol is dissolved in a mixture of n-butanol/toluene and condensed oxidatively-dehydratingly in the presence of copper(I) chloride/pyridine complex under oxygen supply. The precipitated polyphenylene oxide is then reprecipitated from chloroform/methanol.
Egnede polyarylsulfoner innen oppfinnelsens ramme Suitable polyarylsulfones within the scope of the invention
har midlere vektsmiddelmolekylvekter Mw (målt etter lysstrø-metoden i CHCl-j) mellom 1000 og 200.000, fortrinnsvis mellom 20.000 og 60.000. Eksempler herpå er de etter kjente fremgangsmåter oppnåelige polyarylsulfoner av 4,4'-diklordifenylsulfon og et bisfenol, spesielt 2,2-bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-propan, med midlere vektsmiddelmolekylvekter (Mw) fra 2000 til 200.000. have average weight average molecular weights Mw (measured by the light scattering method in CHCl-j) between 1000 and 200,000, preferably between 20,000 and 60,000. Examples of this are the polyarylsulfones obtainable by known methods of 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone and a bisphenol, especially 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, with average weight average molecular weights (Mw) from 2000 to 200,000.
Spesielt egnede polyarylsulfoner innen oppfinnelsens ramme er forgrenede polyaryletersulfoner, som fremstilles idet man omsetter med hverandre omtrent ekvimolare mengder av minst ett aromatisk dialkylbishydroksylat og minst en bis-(4-halogen-aryl)-forbindelse, hvis arylkjerne er forbundet med minst en sulfonylgruppe under medanvendelse av ca. 0,01 mol? til ca. 2 mol?, fortrinnsvis fra ca. 0,05 mol? til ca. 1,5 mol?, referert til bishydrbksylatet resp. til bishalogenaryl-forbindelse, minst en forgrener, altså et alkalisalt av en tre eller mer enn tre hydroksylgruppeholdig aromatisk forbindelse og/eller en halogen-arylforbindelse med tre eller mer enn tre under reaksjonsbetingelsene av polyaryletersulfonfremstillingen substituerbare arylbundne halogensubstituenter. Particularly suitable polyarylsulfones within the framework of the invention are branched polyarylethersulfones, which are prepared by reacting approximately equimolar amounts of at least one aromatic dialkyl bishydroxylate and at least one bis-(4-halo-aryl) compound, the aryl nucleus of which is connected to at least one sulfonyl group while co-using of approx. 0.01 mole? to approx. 2 mol?, preferably from approx. 0.05 moles? to approx. 1.5 mol?, referred to the bishydrbxylate resp. to bishalogenaryl compound, at least one brancher, i.e. an alkali salt of an aromatic compound containing three or more hydroxyl groups and/or a halogen-aryl compound with three or more than three aryl-bonded halogen substituents substitutable under the reaction conditions of the polyaryl ether sulfone preparation.
Eventuelt kan det som kjedeavbryter f.eks. medan-vendes et C^-Cjj-monoalkylhalogenid og/eller monofenol i mengder fra 0,001 til ca. 5 mol? referert til bishydroksylat resp. bis-halogenarylforbindelse ved fremstillingen av de forgrenede aromatiske polyaryletersulfoner.' Porgreningsgraden av disse poly-aryletersulf oner er selvsagt avhengig av mengde og type av den anvendte forgrener, dvs i de tre eller flere enn tre hydroksylgruppeholdige aromatiske forbindelse og/eller av tre eller mer enn tre under betingelsene for polyaryletersulfonfremstilling substituerbare halogensubstituentholdige halogenaromater. På denne måte oppstår høymolekylære termoplastiske, i de. vanlige oppløsningsmidler ennu fullt oppløselige forgrenede polyaryl-etersulf oner , hvis relative viskositeter, målt på oppløsninger av 0,5 g produkt i 100 ml metylenklorid ved 25°C ligger mellom Optionally, as a chain breaker, e.g. while a C₁-C₆ monoalkyl halide and/or monophenol is used in amounts from 0.001 to approx. 5 moles? referred to bishydroxylate resp. bis-haloaryl compound in the preparation of the branched aromatic polyaryl ether sulfones.' The degree of pore branching of these polyarylethersulfones is of course dependent on the amount and type of the brancher used, i.e. in the three or more than three hydroxyl group-containing aromatic compounds and/or of three or more than three halogen aromatics containing substitutable halogen substituents under the conditions for polyarylethersulfone production. In this way, high-molecular thermoplastics arise, in the common solvents still fully soluble branched polyaryl ether sulfones, whose relative viscosities, measured on solutions of 0.5 g of product in 100 ml of methylene chloride at 25°C, lie between
ca. 1,15 og ca.- 1,80 og hvis midlere molekylvekt, målt ved hjelp av lysstrøing, ligger mellom ca. 20.000 og ca. 120.000. about. 1.15 and approx.- 1.80 and whose average molecular weight, measured by light scattering, is between approx. 20,000 and approx. 120,000.
Egnede bis-(4-halogenaryl)-forbindelser til fremstilling av de forgrenede polyaryletersulfoner, hvis arylkjerne er forbundet med minst en sulfongruppe, er f.eks. monosulfoner, som 4,4'-diklordifenylsulfon eller 4,4'-difluordifenylsulfon Suitable bis-(4-halogenaryl) compounds for the preparation of the branched polyarylethersulfones, whose aryl nucleus is connected by at least one sulfone group, are e.g. monosulfones, such as 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone or 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone
(formel I, n = 0) og dihalogendiaryldisulfonaryler med den generelle formel I (formula I, n = 0) and dihalodiaryldisulfonaryls of the general formula I
hvori n = 1, Hal, klor eller, fluor og Ar"1" betyr en bifenylen-eller oksybisfenylenrest. Disse forbindelser er kjent fra litteraturen. "V Egnede dialkalibishydroksylater (dialkalibisfeno-later) til fremstilling av de forgrenede polyaryletersulfoner fåes fra de fenolene, som hydrokinon•eller resorcin, fortrinnsvis imidlertid .av forbindelser med den generelle formel II wherein n = 1, Hal, chlorine or, fluorine and Ar"1" means a biphenylene or oxybisphenylene residue. These compounds are known from the literature. "V Suitable dialkalibishydroxylates (dialkalibisphenolates) for the preparation of the branched polyarylethersulfones are obtained from the phenols, such as hydroquinone or resorcinol, preferably, however, from compounds of the general formula II
hvori R betyr en toverdig C-^-C^-alkylen- resp. C2-C12-alkyli-denrest, C^-C-^^-cykloalkylen- resp. C^-C-^-cykloalkylidenrest, C7~<C>12-arall<:ylen- resP- aralkylidenrest eller Cg-C-j^-arylenbis-alkylidenrest eller grupperingen -0-, -S-, -SO-, -S02~, -C0-resp. en enkeltbinding. Som eksempler for difenoler med formel II skal det nevnes: Bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-metan, l,l-bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-cykloheksan, bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-fenyImetan, 4,4'-dihydroksy-difenyleter, -sulfid, -sulfoksyd, -benzofenon, spesielt imidlertid 2,2-bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-propan, 4,4'-di-hydroksydifenylsulfon, 4,4'-dihydroksydifenyl og a,a'-bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzen. Som forgrenerkomponenter av typen tre eller mere enn tre hydroksylgruppeholdige aromatiske forbindelse til fremstilling av de forgrenede polyaryletersulfoner skal eksempelvis nevnes: Floroglucin, 4,6-dimetyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-hepten-2- (= trimert isopropenylfenol), 4,6-dimetyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-heptan (= hydrert trimert isopropenylfenol), 1,3,5-tri-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-benzen, 1,1,1-tri-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-etan og -propan, tetra-(4-hydroksy-fenyl)-metan, 1,4-bis-/~(4 *, 4"-dihydroksyt.rifenyl)-mety_l7-ben-zen (sammenlign DOS 2.113.3^7) og 2,2-bis-/~4,4•-bis-(4-hydroksy-fenyl) -cykloheksy_l7-propan. Som forgrenerkomponenter for fremstilling av de forgrenede polyaryletersulfoner egnede halogen-arylforbindelser med tre eller mer enn tre under reaksjonsbetingelsene for polyaryletersulfonfremstillingen substituerbare arylbundne halogensubstituenter er slike hvis halogensubstituenter er aktivert ved elektronetiltrekkende grupper skal eksempelvis nevnes 1,3,5-tri-(4-klorfenylsulfonyl)-benzen, 2,4,4'-triklor-difenylsulfon, l-klor-2,6-bis-(4-klorfenylsulfonyl)-benzen. Aktiveringen av halogensubstituentene kan foruten ved sulfonylgruppen også foregå ved andre elektronetiltrekkende grupper, altså slike med en positiv sigma-verdi (sammenlign Chem. Rev. 49 (1951), side 273 og følgende og Quart. Rev. 12 ;(1958) 1 og følgende); foretrukket er substituenter, hvis sigma-verdier er større enn +1. ;Av de to, tre eller flere enn tre hydroksylgruppeholdige aromatiske forbindelser avledede alkalihydroksylater skal det eksempelvis nevnes de tilsvarende natriumhydroksylater eller kaliumhydroksylater. Som egnede polare organiske oppløs-ningsmidler for fremstilling av de forgrenede polyaryletersulfoner skal eksempelvis nevnes dietylsulfoksyd, dimetylsulfon, dietylsulfon, diisopropylsulfon og tetrametylensulfon, fortrinnsvis imidlertid dimetylsulfoksyd. De anvendes i mengder på ca. 1 liter til 5 liter, referert til 1 mol av anvendt dialkylbishydroksylater. ;Fremstillingen av de forgrenede polyaryletersulfoner er i detalj omtalt i DOS 2.305-^13. ;De ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede forgrenede aromatiske polyaryletersulfoner har således tobundede strukturelementer med formel IV ;hvori Ar^" har overnevnte betydning, n er 0 eller 1, Z betyr en p-fenylenrest, m-fenylenrest eller tobundet rest av følgende formel V idet .R har overnevnte betydning og hvori X kan være et helt tall mellom ca. 10 og ca. 120. De forgrenede aromatiske polyaryletersulfoner inneholder dessuten i mengder mellom 0,01 mol? og 2 mol? av innbygningen av forgrénerkomponenten resulterende trishydroksylatrester eller hydroksylatrester med mer enn tre hydroksylatgrupper og/eller tre- eller flere enn tre-bundede, fra halogenarylforbindelsene, som er tre eller mer enn tre under reaksjonsbetingelsene for polyaryletersulfon-fremstillingen substituerbare arylbundede halogensubstituenter, resulterende arylforgrenerrester. •Polyalkylenglykoltereftalater innen oppfinnelsens ramme er f.eks. slike på.basis av etylenglykol, propandiol-1,3, butandiol-1,4, heksandiol-1,6 og 1,4-bis-hydroksymetylcykloheksan. Molekylvekten (Mw) av disse polyalkylenglykoltereftalater ligger mellom 10.000 og'80.000. Polyalkylenglykoltereftalatene kan fåes etter kjente fremgangsmåter, eksempelvis av tereftalsyredialkyl-' ester og det tilsvarende diol under omforestring, (se f.eks. US-patenter nr. 2.647.885, 2.643-989, 2.534.028, 2.578.660, 2.742.494 og 2.901.466). ;Eksempelvis går man ut fra en lavere alkylester ;av tereftalsyre, fortrinnsvis dimetylesteren og omestrer denne med et overskudd av diol i nærvær av egnede katalysatorer til bishydroksyalkylester av tereftalsyre. Derved økes temperaturen utgående fra 140°C til 210 - 220°C. Den frigjorte alkohol avdestilleres. Oppkondensasjonen foregår deretter ved temperaturer på 210 - 280°C, trykket senkes derved trinnvis inntil mindre enn 1 torr, idet det overskytende diol avdestilleres. ;Polystyrener som er egnet i henhold til oppfinnelsen er homopolymerisater av styren eller blandingspolymerisater av styren med fortrinnsvis akrylnitril og/eller butadien og/eller maleinsyreester, som f.eks. fåes ved suspensjonspolymerisasjon i nærvær av katalysatorer fra de monomere resp. blandingen av de monomere med Mw på 10.000 - 600.000. (Mw måles i DMF ved c = 5 g/liter og 20°C). ;(Litteratur se her: Beilsteins Handbuch der Organischen Chemie, fjerde opplag, tredje kompletteringsverk, bind 5, side 1163-1169, Springer Verlag 1964, H. Ohlinger, polystyren,.1. del, fremstillingsfremgangsmåter og egenskapene av produktene, Springer Verlag 1955). ;Polyamider egnet i henhold til oppfinnelsen er eksempelvis nylon-6,6, som ble fremstillet ved kondensasjon av heksametylendiamin og adipinsyre; nylon-6,10, fremstillet av heksametylendiamin og sebacinsyre; polymere av e-aminokapron-syre eller av E-kaprolaktam, såkalt nylon-6; polyamid 11, egen-kondensasjonsproduktet av 11-aminoundekansyre; blandingspolymerisater av heksametylendiamin,.-E-kaprolaktam, adipinsyre og sebacinsyre; blandingspolymerisater av heksametylendiamin og adipinsyr-e, modifisert med formaldehyd og metanol; polyamider som ble fremstillet ved omsetning av et lineært diamin med di-mere syrer som er blitt dannet av isobutylendimere samt polyamider som ble fremstillet av polymere umettede fettsyrer og forskjellige polyaminer. ;Alle ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede polyamider bør inneholde grupperingen -C-NH- som broledd i hovedkjeden og ha ;ti 0 ;midlere molekylvekt (Mw, bestemmes gelkromatografisk i m-kresol) mellom 1000 og 100.000. (Litteratur se f.eks. US-patent nr. 3.431.224, spalte 3, linje 58-73). ;Utgangsmaterialer for de ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendbare kunststoff-folier er de tilsvarende glassfiberfylte kunststoffer. Disse er kjent resp. kan fåes etter kjente fremgangsmåter. (Se eksempelvis DAS 1.454.802, US-patent nr. 2.877-501, 3.453.356 og DAS 1.454.789). ;Innholdet av glassfibre i de ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede termoplastiske kunststoffer og i de herav oppnåelige ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede folier som ligger mellom 5 vekt? og 50 vekt?, fortrinnsvis mellom 20 vekt? og 30 vekt?, hver gang referert til samlet vekt, lar seg innstille etter kjente fremgangsmåter, idet i detalj er det å ta hensyn til tykkelsen av folien som skal fremstilles samt den ønskede.strøvirkning. ;Fremstillingen av folier av de egnede glassfiberfylte termoplastiske kunststoffer, altså de glassfiberfylte polyolefiner, celluloseestere, polykarbonater, polyarylsulfoner, polystyren, polyamider, polyfenylenoksyder og polyalkylentereftalater kan foregå etter de vanlige teknikker, eksempelvis ved ekstrudering på en handelsvanlig ekstruder, fortrinnsvis med avgassingssone som er forbundet over en adapter med en bred-slissdyse. Etter uttreden av de ennu plastiske folier fra dysen lar en disse løpe opp på en kjølerist, et chill-roll-anlegg eller en trevalsestol, idet temperaturen senkes under den eventuelle polymeres mykningspunkt. Derved stivner folien og kan oppvikles (se eksempelvis DOS 2.437.508). ;De ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede folier av de glassfiberfylte termoplastiske Kunststoffer kan anvendes umiddelbart som strølysskive, eksempelvis i en- og fleregangskontrollinstru-menter eller i kombiinstrumenter ved motordrevne kjøretøyer. Foliene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan trykkes med egnede signalfarver resp. ved påtrykk utstyres med symboler (f.eks. tegn, bokstaver). ;De ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede folier kan ved anvendelse av farvede eller pigmenterte termoplastiske kunststoffer fåes tilsvarende innfarvet resp. pigmentert. Egnet er vanlige farvestoffer resp. vanlige pigmenter i de vanlige mengder. ;De ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede folier kan formes ;i termoformfremgangsmåten, uten å tape- sin strøvirkning, hvilket ikke er mulig ved anvendelse av matterte folier, da deres mattering ødelegges ved den dertil nødvendige oppsmeltning. ;Strøvirkningen av de ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede folier av glassfiberfy1te termoplastiske kunststoffer kan varieres over et stort område, eksempelvis ved endring av folie-tykkelse og/eller ved endring av glassfiberinnholdet av folien; strøvirkningen måles eksempelvis med et spektralfotometer, som er utrystet med en Ulbricht-kule-utrustning. ;Derved måles det fra innfallsretningen avbøyde ;del av lysgjennomtrengeligheten (transmisjonen) i området av synlig lys. ;En tilstrekkelig strøvirkning av de ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede folier foreligger når mefl overnevnte måleinn-retning andelen av direkte gjennom prøven gjennomgående lys ikke mere kan oppfattes. Ved forsøkene viser det seg at det var tilstede en tilstrekkelig strøvirkning når det forelå en lineær økning av transmisjonen av den avbøyde del mellom 350 nm og 700 nm. Således fåes eksempelvis for egnede foliér ved 350 nm en transmisjon av den avbøyede lysdel på 15%, ved 700 nm en på 30?. ;En annen meget enkel vurdering av strøvirkningen kan foregå visuelt, idet strølysskiven oppstilles 4 cm fra en . glødelampe med en beholderdiameter på 20 mm og en ytelse på ;30 watt. ;En iakttager kan ved tilstrekkelig strøvirkning fra en avstand på lik eller større enn 25 cm til folien ikke mere se en bakenfor liggende glødespiral av den innkoplede glødelampe. ;Fremstilling av utgangsprodukter. A. Fremstillingsforskrift for et polykarbonat. ;Ca. 454 deler 4,4'-dihydroksydifenyl-2,2-propan og 9,5 deler p-tert.-butylfenol suspenderes i 1,5 liter vann. I ;en 3-halset kolbe utrystet med røreverk og gassinnføringsrør fjernes oksygenet fra reaksjonsblandingen, idet under omrøring føres 15 minutter nitrogen gjennom reaksjonsblandingen. Deret- • ter tilsettes 355 deler 45?-ig natronlut og 1000 deler metylenklorid.' Blandingen avkjøles til 25°C. Under opprettholdelse av denne temperatur ved avkjøling tilsettes 237 deler fosgen i løpet av et tidsrom på 120 minutter. En ekstra mengde på 75 ' deler av en 45?-ig natronlut tilsettes etter 15 - 30 minutter resp. etter at fosgenopptaket har begynt. Til den dannede opp-løsning haes 1,6 deler trietylamin og blandingen videreomrøres 15 minutter. Det fåes en høyviskos oppløsning, hvis viskositet reguleres ved tilsetning av metylenklorid. Den vandige fase adskilles. Den organiske fase vaskes med vann, salt- og alkalifritt. Polykarbonatet isoleres fra den vaskede oppløs-ning og tørkes. Polykarbonatet har en relativ viskositet på 1,29 - 1,30, målt i en 0,5?-ig oppløsning av metylenklorid ved 20°C. Det tilsvarer omtrent en molekylvekt på 32.000. Det således fremstilte polykarbonat ekstruderes og granuleres. ;B. Fremstillingsforskrift for et polysulfon (trisfenoltil-setning 1 mol?). ;57,075 g (0,25 mol) 2,2-bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-propan og 0,871 g (0,0025 mol) 2,6-bis-(2'-hydroksy-5'-metyl-benzyl)-4-metyl-fenol innveies i et metallkar og oppløses i 500 ml dimetylsulfoksyd. Karet utstyres med et gassinnførings-rør, et rørverk, et termometer, en tilbakeløpskjøler og en med toluen fylt vannopptagningsinnretning. Deretter føres en lang-som nitrogenstrøm gjennom apparaturen for å frembringe en inert-gassatmosfære. Det tilsettes ,20,03 g (0,5 + 0,0075 mol) natrium-hydroksyd i fast form eller som konsentrert vandig oppløsning og etter oppløsning av natriumhydroksydet inndryppes 150 ml toluen. Den således dannede reaksjonsblandingen oppvarmes 6 timer ved en temperatur på 140 - 150°C, idet det i reaksjonsblandingen inneholdte og det ved fenolatdannelsen dannede vann destilleres kontinuerlig med toluen som azeotrop i vannopptag-ningsinnretningen og utskiller seg der, mens toluenet igjen løper tilbake i reaksjonsblandingen. Er alt vann fjernet fra reaksjonssystemet tømmer man vannopptagningskaret, destillerer av toluen og tilsetter ved en temperatur på 120 - 140°C en opp-løsning av 72,882 g (0,25 + 0,00375 mol) 4,4•-diklordifenylsulfon i 100 ml vannfri dimetylsulfoksyd. Deretter oppvarmer man tinder omrøring etterhvert til en reaksjonstemperatur på 150°C. Ved denne temperatur hensetter man reaksjonsblandingen i 6 timer, idet det ved kondensasjonen dannede natriumklorid hurtig utskiller seg. Etter avsluttet reaksjon innføres den avkjølte polymeroppløsning i hurtig omrørt vann, idet det utskiller seg det dannede polyaryletersulfon i fast form. Det suges fra, vaskes omhyggelig og tørkes under vakuum. For rensning oppløses det dannede polysulfon i metylenklorid, filtrerer og helles i et overskudd av hurtig omrørt metanol. Derved adskiller det seg polysulfon i hvite fnokker. Det suges fra og tørker. ;C. Fremstillingsforskrift for en celluloseester. ;506 g cellulose innføres i en blanding av 1,8 kg eddiksyreanhydrid, 2 kg iseddik og 17 g konsentrert svovelsyre og hensettes 24 timer, idet det oppstår en klar, seigtflytende oppløsning, hvorfra det kloroformoppløselige primæracetat kan utskilles ved tilsetning av vann etter fortynning med noe iseddik. For å oppnå det acetonoppløselige sekundæracetat tilsetter man til acetyleringsblandingen 350 g vann og 350 g iseddik og så meget Na-acetat til å overføre svovelsyren i bisulfat og lar det stå 3 - 5 dager ved 65 - 70°C inntil en med vann utfelt prøve viser seg som acetonoppløselig. (Ost., Zeitschr. Angew. Chem. 32, 69 (1919). D. Fremstillingsforskrift for et poly-(2,6-dialkyl-l,4-fenylenoksyd). ;Poly-(2,6-dimety1-1,4-fenylenoksyd) fremstillet ifølge DØS 2.126.434: 8 kg 2,6-dimetylfenol ble oppløst i en oppløsning av 30 liter n-butanol, 10 liter toluen, 4 kg pyridin og 100 g kobber-I-klorid. Ved tilførsel av 50 liter oksygen pr. minutt i løpet av 6 timer kondenseres 2,6-dimetylfenol oksydativt-dehydrerende til poly-(2,6-dimetyl-l,4-fenylenoksyd). Ved begynnelsen av oksygeninnføring øker temperaturen sterkt. Ved avkjøling under første reaksjonsfase unngås en temperaturøkning over 55°C. Etter 2 til 3 timer begynner polyfenylenoksydet å falle ut. Etter ytterligere oksygentilførsel på ca. 3 timer frasuges PPO, vaskes pyridinfritt med saltsur metanol og omut-felles fra kloroform/metanol. Man får et svakt gulfarvet pulver. Viskositeten <n>rel utgjør 1,2 (<n>rel målt ved 25°C i metylenklorid med en konsentrasjon på 5 g/liter, molekylvekten Mw ca. 60.000. ;E. Fremstillingsforskrift for et polyolefin. ;Ifølge F.A. Henglein, "Grundlagen der-Verfahrens-technik", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1963» kan man f.eks. fremstille polyetylen som følger av etylen: ;1. Etter høytrykkfremgangsmåten (ICI-fremgangsmåten). ;Herved polymeriseres det til 1000 - 2000 ato kom-primert etylen kontinuerlig, f.eks. i et rørsystem (BASF-fremgangsmåten) ved 180° - 200°C og med spor av oksygen som initia-tor og uttas flytende. ;2. Etter lavtrykkfremgangsmåten med Siegler katalysatorer ;(Litteratur: Belgiske patenter nr. 533-362 (1955).. 534 . 792 ;(1955) 540.459'(1955))- ;Herved foregår polymerisasjonen ved 10 - 15 ato ;og 20-80°C i parafinhydrokarboner under tilsetning av aluminium-trietyl og titantetraklorid som katalysator. Polyetylenet faller ut i hvite fnokker under polymerisasjonen og må under-kastes en spesiell vaskeprosess med alkoholisk saltsyre for å fjerne katalysatorrester. ;Et ifølge fremgangsmåte 1 oppnådd polyetylen har eksempelvis en Mw (målt etter lysstrømetoden) på 10.000 - 1.000.000, et ifølge fremgangsmåte 2 dannet polyetylen har eksempelvis en Mw (målt etter lysstrømetoden) fra 1000 til 500.000. F. Fremstillingsforskrift for et polyalkylenglykoltereftalat, ;nemlig for polyetylenglykoltereftalat.. ;97 deler tereftalsyredimetylester, 71 deler etylenglykol, 0,15 deler vannfritt kalsiumacetat og 0,4 deler anti-montrioksyd ifylles i en rundkolbe utrustet med destillasjons-pppsats, luftkjøler og gassinnføringskapillar. Ved evakuering og fylling med nitrogen fjerner man luften fra apparaturen. ;Man smelter komponentene ved oppvarmning til 170°C. Gjennom kapillare fører man en svak nitrogenstrøm. Det ved den med en gang startende omestring dannede metanol avdestilleres-. Etter ca. 1 time går metanolavspaltningen tilbake, man øker temperaturen 2 timer til 200°C, idet det resterende metanol fjernes. Deretter destillerer man ved 220°C av overskytende etylenglykol og øker temperaturen til 280°C. Ved denne temperatur evakueres apparaturen etter hvert til ca. 0,3 torr. Etter ytterligere 3 timer er reaksjonen avsluttet. Det dannede polyetylentereftalat har en relativ viskositet på 2,10, målt i en 1%- ig oppløsning i en oppløsningsmiddelblanding av like deler fenol og tetraklor-etan ved 25°C. Det tilsvarer omtrent en molekylvekt på-28.000. G. Fremstillingsforskrift for et egnet blandingspolymerisat av styren og akrylnitril. ;Fremstillingen foregår ved emulsjonspolymerisasjbn av følgende blanding bestående av ;2000 kg avsaltet vann, 19,5 kg oljesurt natrium, ;5,7 kg natronlut, 50 vekt?-ig vandig oppløsning 1,2 kg kaliumpersulfat, ;815 kg styren, ;350 kg akrylnitril og ;1,3 kg natriumpyrofosfat og ;22,3 kg tert.dodecyl-raerkaptan. ;Denne med natronlut til pH 9 innstilte blanding ;-... oppvarmes under omrøring i et trykkar til 60°C. Ved ca. 70°C indre temperatur begynner polymerisasjonen. Under polymerisa-sjonsforløpet sørges det ved tilsvarende avkjøling for at temperaturen ikke går ut over 70-72°C. Omtrent 2\ time etter begynnelsen av polymerisasjonen oppvarmes til 95-100°C og der-, etter utflampes resten av monomeren i løpet av \ time. Den dannede polymere har en Mw (målt i DMF; c = 6 g/liter; r\ ;80; T = 20°C) på 150.000. ;(Litteratur se den allerede anførte bok "Polystyrol" av H. Ohlinger). ;H. Fremstillingsforskrift for et polyamid av ekaprolaktam. ;190 g e-kaprolaktam innveies med 10 g e-amino-kapronsyre i en 500 ml kolbe og oppvarmes i metallbad til 270°C. Etter 4-5 timer er kondensasjonen gått frem så vidt at det ;fåes en viskositet på nre-|_ = 2,6-2,7 (nre]_ måles på en oppløs-ning av 1 g ekstraktfritt polykaprolaktam i 100 ml kresol). ;Den dannede molekylvekt Mw utgjør ca. 16000. Smeiten tas ut av kolben, granuleres og ekstraheres med metanol. (Litteratur her-' til se: Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie, bind 14/2, Makromolekulare Stoffe, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1963, side 119 og følgende). ;Av de termoplastiske kunststoffer A til H kan det ;ved innarbeidelse av de ifølge oppfinnelsen egnede glassfibre i de ønskede mengder ved fremgangsmåten ifølge DAS 1.454.802 ;resp. US-patent nr. 2.877-501 resp. US-patent nr. 3.435-356 ;fåes de tilsvarende glassfiberfylte kunststoffer. ;Fremstilling av foliene ifølge oppfinnelsen. ;Eksempel 1. ;Polykarbonat på basis bisfenol A med en relativ viskositet nrel = 1,32 (målt i CH2C12 ved 25°C og 0,5 g i lOOml) med en glassfiberdel på 20? kortglassfiber med vannlister (sammenlign DAS 1.201.991) oppsmeltes i en ekstruder med tresone-snekke, som har et kompresjonsforhold på 1 : 3- Sylindertempe-raturen innstilles i inntrekkssonen på 260°C, i .kompres j ons- ;og meteringssonen på 280°C. Temperaturen av den anvendte bred-slissdyse innstilles over den samlede dysebredde på 280°C. Ved ;et snekkedreietall på 60 omdreininger pr. minutt innstilles avtrekningshastigheten av trevalsestolen således at det fåes en 0,4 mm tykk folie. Denne folie har en på begge sider glatt overflate. Por visuell vurdering av strøvirkningen av den således fremstilte folie stilles denne 4 cm foran en glødelampe-med en kolbediameter på 20 mm og en ytelse på 30 watt. En iakttager kan fra en avstand på lik eller over 25 cm til folien ikke. mere se bakenfor liggende glødespiral av den innkoplede glødelampe. Ved måling av lysgjénnomtrengeligheten av folien viser det seg at det oppnås en jevn strøing over det samlede bølgeområde. Transmisjonen utgjør ved 350 nm 10?, ved 700 nm 22?. ;Eksempel 2. ;Tilsvarende eksempel 1 anvendes som polymer et polykarbonat på basis bisfenol A med en viskositet- nrel = 1,28 (målt i CH2C12 ved 25°C og 0,5 g pr. 100 ml) og en glassfiberdel på 10 vekt? kortglassfiber med vannlister. Den dannede v0,4 mm tykke folie viser ved" den visuelle vurdering den* samme strøvirkning som i eksempel 1; målingen av lysgjénnomtrengeligheten (transmisjon) gir ved 350 nm en verdi på 15?» ved 700 nm en verdi på 30?. in which R means a divalent C-^-C^-alkylene- resp. C2-C12-alkylidene residue, C^-C-^^-cycloalkylene resp. C^-C-^-cycloalkylidene residue, C7~<C>12-arall<:ylene-resP-aralkylidene residue or Cg-C-j^-arylenebis-alkylidene residue or the grouping -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2~ , -C0-resp. a single bond. As examples of diphenols of formula II, the following should be mentioned: Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane, 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane, bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethane, 4,4'- dihydroxy-diphenyl ether, -sulfide, -sulfoxide, -benzophenone, especially, however, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and a,a'- bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene. As branching components of the type three or more than three hydroxyl group-containing aromatic compounds for the production of the branched polyarylethersulfones should be mentioned, for example: Phloroglucin, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptene-2- (= trimerized isopropenylphenol), 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptane (= hydrogenated trimerized isopropenylphenol), 1,3,5-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzene, 1, 1,1-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane and -propane, tetra-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methane, 1,4-bis-(4*,4'-dihydroxytriphenyl)-methyl -benzene (compare DOS 2.113.3^7) and 2,2-bis-/~4,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexyl_17-propane As branching components for the preparation of the branched polyarylethersulfones suitable halogen -aryl compounds with three or more than three, under the reaction conditions for the polyarylethersulfone preparation, substitutable aryl-bonded halogen substituents are such if halogen substituents are activated by electron-withdrawing groups, for example 1,3,5-tri-(4-chlorophenylsu 1-phenyl)-benzene, 2,4,4'-trichloro-diphenylsulfone, 1-chloro-2,6-bis-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-benzene. In addition to the sulfonyl group, the activation of the halogen substituents can also take place with other electron-withdrawing groups, i.e. those with a positive sigma value (compare Chem. Rev. 49 (1951), page 273 et seq. and Quart. Rev. 12 ; (1958) 1 et seq. ); preferred are substituents whose sigma values are greater than +1. Of the alkali hydroxylates derived from aromatic compounds containing two, three or more than three hydroxyl groups, mention should be made, for example, of the corresponding sodium hydroxylates or potassium hydroxylates. Examples of suitable polar organic solvents for the production of the branched polyarylethersulfones include diethylsulfoxide, dimethylsulfone, diethylsulfone, diisopropylsulfone and tetramethylenesulfone, preferably, however, dimethylsulfoxide. They are used in quantities of approx. 1 liter to 5 liters, referred to 1 mole of dialkyl bishydroxylates used. The production of the branched polyarylethersulfones is discussed in detail in DOS 2.305-^13. The branched aromatic polyarylethersulfones suitable according to the invention thus have double-bonded structural elements of formula IV, in which Ar^" has the above-mentioned meaning, n is 0 or 1, Z means a p-phenylene residue, m-phenylene residue or a double-bonded residue of the following formula V where R has the above-mentioned meaning and in which X can be an integer between about 10 and about 120. The branched aromatic polyarylethersulfones also contain in amounts between 0.01 mol? and 2 mol? of the incorporation of the branching component resulting trishydroxylate residues or hydroxylate residues with more than three hydroxylate groups and/or three or more than three-bonded, from the haloaryl compounds, which are three or more than three substitutable aryl-bonded halogen substituents under the reaction conditions for the polyarylethersulfone preparation, resulting aryl branching residues. Polyalkylene glycol terephthalates within the scope of the invention are, for example, such on the basis of ethylene glycol, propanediol-1,3, butanediol-1,4, hexanediol-1,6 and 1,4-bis-h hydroxymethylcyclohexane. The molecular weight (Mw) of these polyalkylene glycol terephthalates is between 10,000 and 80,000. The polyalkylene glycol terephthalates can be obtained by known methods, for example from terephthalic acid dialkyl ester and the corresponding diol during transesterification, (see e.g. US patents no. 2,647,885, 2,643-989, 2,534,028, 2,578,660, 2,742,494 and 2,901,466). For example, one starts from a lower alkyl ester of terephthalic acid, preferably the dimethyl ester, and transesterifies this with an excess of diol in the presence of suitable catalysts to bishydroxyalkyl ester of terephthalic acid. This increases the starting temperature from 140°C to 210 - 220°C. The liberated alcohol is distilled off. The condensation then takes place at temperatures of 210 - 280°C, the pressure is thereby gradually lowered to less than 1 torr, the excess diol being distilled off. Polystyrenes which are suitable according to the invention are homopolymers of styrene or mixed polymers of styrene with preferably acrylonitrile and/or butadiene and/or maleic acid ester, which e.g. obtained by suspension polymerization in the presence of catalysts from the monomers or the mixture of the monomers with Mw of 10,000 - 600,000. (Mw is measured in DMF at c = 5 g/litre and 20°C). ;(Literature see here: Beilstein's Handbuch der Organischen Chemie, fourth edition, third supplementary work, volume 5, pages 1163-1169, Springer Verlag 1964, H. Ohlinger, polystyrene, 1st part, production methods and the properties of the products, Springer Verlag 1955 ). Polyamides suitable according to the invention are, for example, nylon-6,6, which was produced by condensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid; nylon-6,10, made from hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid; polymers of ε-aminocaproic acid or of ε-caprolactam, so-called nylon-6; polyamide 11, the self-condensation product of 11-aminoundecanoic acid; mixed polymers of hexamethylenediamine, β-E-caprolactam, adipic acid and sebacic acid; mixed polymers of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid-e, modified with formaldehyde and methanol; polyamides that were produced by reacting a linear diamine with dimeric acids that were formed from isobutylene dimers as well as polyamides that were produced from polymeric unsaturated fatty acids and various polyamines. All polyamides suitable according to the invention should contain the grouping -C-NH- as a bridge link in the main chain and have an average molecular weight (Mw, determined gel chromatographically in m-cresol) between 1000 and 100,000. (Literature see e.g. US patent no. 3,431,224, column 3, line 58-73). The starting materials for the plastic foils that can be used according to the invention are the corresponding glass fiber-filled plastics. These are known resp. can be obtained by known methods. (See, for example, DAS 1,454,802, US patent no. 2,877-501, 3,453,356 and DAS 1,454,789). ;The content of glass fibers in the thermoplastic plastics suitable according to the invention and in the foils suitable according to the invention obtainable therefrom is between 5 weight? and 50 weight?, preferably between 20 weight? and 30 weight?, each time referred to total weight, can be set according to known methods, as in detail it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the foil to be produced as well as the desired scattering effect. The production of foils from the suitable glass fiber-filled thermoplastic plastics, i.e. the glass fiber-filled polyolefins, cellulose esters, polycarbonates, polyarylsulfones, polystyrene, polyamides, polyphenylene oxides and polyalkylene terephthalates can take place according to the usual techniques, for example by extrusion on a commercial extruder, preferably with a degassing zone which is connected over an adapter with a wide-slit nozzle. After exiting the still plastic foils from the die, they are allowed to run up a cooling rack, a chill-roll system or a three-roll chair, the temperature being lowered below the softening point of any polymer. Thereby, the foil hardens and can be wound up (see, for example, DOS 2,437,508). According to the invention, the foils of the fiberglass-filled thermoplastic plastics can be used immediately as diffused light discs, for example in single and multi-pass control instruments or in combined instruments in motor vehicles. The foils according to the invention can be printed with suitable signal colors or when printed, are equipped with symbols (e.g. characters, letters). The foils suitable according to the invention can, by using colored or pigmented thermoplastic plastics, be obtained correspondingly colored resp. pigmented. Common dyes or ordinary pigments in the usual quantities. The foils suitable according to the invention can be shaped in the thermoforming process, without losing their scattering effect, which is not possible when using matted foils, as their matting is destroyed by the necessary melting. The scattering effect of the foils of fiberglass-filled thermoplastic plastics suitable according to the invention can be varied over a large area, for example by changing the foil thickness and/or by changing the glass fiber content of the foil; the scattering effect is measured, for example, with a spectral photometer, which is equipped with an Ulbricht sphere device. Thereby, the part of the light transmission (transmission) in the area of visible light that is deflected from the direction of incidence is measured. A sufficient scattering effect of the foils suitable according to the invention exists when, with the above-mentioned measuring device, the proportion of light passing directly through the sample can no longer be perceived. The experiments show that a sufficient scattering effect was present when there was a linear increase in the transmission of the deflected part between 350 nm and 700 nm. Thus, for example, for suitable foils at 350 nm a transmission of the deflected light part of 15% is obtained, at 700 nm one of 30?. ;Another very simple assessment of the scattering effect can be done visually, as the scattered light disk is set up 4 cm from a . incandescent lamp with a container diameter of 20 mm and an output of ;30 watts. If there is sufficient scattering from a distance of equal to or greater than 25 cm to the foil, an observer can no longer see an incandescent spiral of the connected incandescent lamp lying behind it. ;Production of output products. A. Manufacturing regulations for a polycarbonate. ;About. 454 parts of 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propane and 9.5 parts of p-tert-butylphenol are suspended in 1.5 liters of water. In a 3-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and gas introduction tube, the oxygen is removed from the reaction mixture, while nitrogen is passed through the reaction mixture for 15 minutes while stirring. Then 355 parts of 45% caustic soda and 1000 parts of methylene chloride are added.' The mixture is cooled to 25°C. While maintaining this temperature during cooling, 237 parts of phosgene are added over a period of 120 minutes. An additional quantity of 75' parts of a 45% caustic soda is added after 15 - 30 minutes resp. after the phosgene uptake has begun. 1.6 parts of triethylamine are added to the resulting solution and the mixture is further stirred for 15 minutes. A highly viscous solution is obtained, the viscosity of which is regulated by adding methylene chloride. The aqueous phase is separated. The organic phase is washed with water, salt- and alkali-free. The polycarbonate is isolated from the washed solution and dried. The polycarbonate has a relative viscosity of 1.29 - 1.30, measured in a 0.5% solution of methylene chloride at 20°C. This corresponds approximately to a molecular weight of 32,000. The polycarbonate produced in this way is extruded and granulated. B. Manufacturing instructions for a polysulfone (trisphenol addition 1 mol?). ;57.075 g (0.25 mol) 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane and 0.871 g (0.0025 mol) 2,6-bis-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl) -4-methyl-phenol is weighed into a metal vessel and dissolved in 500 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide. The vessel is equipped with a gas introduction pipe, a pipework, a thermometer, a reflux cooler and a water collection device filled with toluene. A long stream of nitrogen is then passed through the apparatus to create an inert gas atmosphere. 20.03 g (0.5 + 0.0075 mol) sodium hydroxide is added in solid form or as a concentrated aqueous solution and after dissolving the sodium hydroxide, 150 ml of toluene is added dropwise. The reaction mixture thus formed is heated for 6 hours at a temperature of 140 - 150°C, the water contained in the reaction mixture and the water formed during the phenolate formation being continuously distilled with toluene as an azeotrope in the water absorption device and separated there, while the toluene again flows back into the reaction mixture . When all water has been removed from the reaction system, the water collection vessel is emptied, toluene is distilled off and a solution of 72.882 g (0.25 + 0.00375 mol) 4,4-dichlorodiphenylsulfone in 100 ml anhydrous is added at a temperature of 120 - 140°C dimethyl sulfoxide. The tinder is then heated, stirring gradually, to a reaction temperature of 150°C. At this temperature, the reaction mixture is allowed to stand for 6 hours, as the sodium chloride formed during the condensation quickly separates out. After the reaction is finished, the cooled polymer solution is introduced into rapidly stirred water, as the polyarylethersulfone formed separates in solid form. It is sucked off, washed carefully and dried under vacuum. For purification, the polysulfone formed is dissolved in methylene chloride, filtered and poured into an excess of rapidly stirred methanol. Thereby, the polysulfone separates into white flakes. It is sucked off and dried. C. Manufacturing regulations for a cellulose ester. ; 506 g of cellulose are introduced into a mixture of 1.8 kg of acetic anhydride, 2 kg of glacial acetic acid and 17 g of concentrated sulfuric acid and allowed to stand for 24 hours, as a clear, viscous solution is formed, from which the chloroform-soluble primary acetate can be separated by adding water after dilution with some glacial acetic acid. To obtain the acetone-soluble secondary acetate, one adds to the acetylation mixture 350 g of water and 350 g of glacial acetic acid and enough Na-acetate to transfer the sulfuric acid into bisulphate and let it stand for 3 - 5 days at 65 - 70°C until a sample precipitated with water shows itself as acetone soluble. (Ost., Zeitschr. Angew. Chem. 32, 69 (1919). D. Preparation instructions for a poly-(2,6-dialkyl-1,4-phenylene oxide). ;Poly-(2,6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) prepared according to DØS 2,126,434: 8 kg of 2,6-dimethylphenol was dissolved in a solution of 30 liters of n-butanol, 10 liters of toluene, 4 kg of pyridine and 100 g of copper I chloride. By adding 50 liters of oxygen per minute over the course of 6 hours, 2,6-dimethylphenol is condensed oxidatively-dehydratingly to poly-(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide). At the beginning of oxygen introduction, the temperature rises sharply. When cooling during the first reaction phase, avoid a temperature rise above 55°C. After 2 to 3 hours, the polyphenylene oxide begins to precipitate. After a further oxygen supply of about 3 hours, the PPO is sucked off, washed free of pyridine with hydrochloric acid methanol and re-extracted from chloroform/methanol. A faint yellow powder is obtained. The viscosity <n>rel amounts to 1.2 (<n>rel measured at 25°C in methylene chloride with a concentration of 5 g/litre, the molecular weight Mw approx. 60,000. ;E. Production specification for a polyolefin. According to F.A. Henglein, "Grundlagen der-Verfahrens-technik", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1963», one can e.g. produce polyethylene as follows from ethylene: ;1. Following the high pressure method (ICI method). Hereby, compressed ethylene is continuously polymerized to 1000 - 2000 at, e.g. in a pipe system (BASF method) at 180° - 200°C and with traces of oxygen as initiator and is taken out liquid. ;2. According to the low-pressure method with Siegler catalysts ;(Literature: Belgian patents no. 533-362 (1955).. 534 . 792 ;(1955) 540.459'(1955))- ;In this way the polymerization takes place at 10 - 15 ato ;and 20-80° C in paraffin hydrocarbons with the addition of aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride as catalyst. The polyethylene falls out in white flakes during the polymerization and must be subjected to a special washing process with alcoholic hydrochloric acid to remove catalyst residues. A polyethylene obtained according to method 1 has, for example, a Mw (measured according to the luminous flux method) of 10,000 - 1,000,000, a polyethylene formed according to method 2 has, for example, a Mw (measured according to the luminous flux method) from 1,000 to 500,000. F. Manufacturing instructions for a polyalkylene glycol terephthalate, namely for polyethylene glycol terephthalate.. 97 parts of terephthalic acid dimethyl ester, 71 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.15 parts of anhydrous calcium acetate and 0.4 parts of antimony trioxide are filled into a round flask equipped with a distillation apparatus, air cooler and gas introduction capillary. When evacuating and filling with nitrogen, the air is removed from the apparatus. The components are melted by heating to 170°C. A weak stream of nitrogen is fed through the capillary. The methanol formed by transesterification, which starts immediately, is distilled off. After approx. 1 hour the methanol separation reverses, the temperature is increased for 2 hours to 200°C, the remaining methanol being removed. The excess ethylene glycol is then distilled at 220°C and the temperature is increased to 280°C. At this temperature, the equipment is gradually evacuated to approx. 0.3 torr. After a further 3 hours, the reaction is complete. The polyethylene terephthalate formed has a relative viscosity of 2.10, measured in a 1% solution in a solvent mixture of equal parts phenol and tetrachloroethane at 25°C. This corresponds to approximately a molecular weight of -28,000. G. Manufacturing regulations for a suitable mixed polymer of styrene and acrylonitrile. The production takes place by emulsion polymerization of the following mixture consisting of ;2000 kg of desalted water, 19.5 kg of oleic sodium, ;5.7 kg of caustic soda, 50 wt?-ig aqueous solution 1.2 kg of potassium persulfate, ;815 kg of styrene, ;350 kg of acrylonitrile and ;1.3 kg of sodium pyrophosphate and ;22.3 kg of tert.dodecyl-raercaptan. ;This mixture adjusted to pH 9 with caustic soda ;-... is heated while stirring in a pressure vessel to 60°C. At approx. 70°C internal temperature starts the polymerization. During the course of polymerization, it is ensured by corresponding cooling that the temperature does not exceed 70-72°C. About 2.5 hours after the start of the polymerization, the mixture is heated to 95-100°C and then the remainder of the monomer is flashed out over the course of .1 hour. The polymer formed has a Mw (measured in DMF; c = 6 g/liter; r\ ;80; T = 20°C) of 150,000. (Literature see the already mentioned book "Polystyrene" by H. Ohlinger). H. Manufacturing instructions for a polyamide of ecaprolactam. ;190 g of ε-caprolactam is weighed with 10 g of ε-amino-caproic acid in a 500 ml flask and heated in a metal bath to 270°C. After 4-5 hours, the condensation has progressed to such an extent that a viscosity of nre-|_ = 2.6-2.7 is obtained (nre]_ is measured on a solution of 1 g extract-free polycaprolactam in 100 ml cresol) . ;The molecular weight Mw formed is approx. 16000. The melt is removed from the flask, granulated and extracted with methanol. (Literature here-' to see: Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie, volume 14/2, Makromolekulare Stoffe, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1963, page 119 et seq.). Of the thermoplastic plastics A to H, by incorporating the glass fibers suitable according to the invention in the desired quantities by the method according to DAS 1,454,802, resp. US patent no. 2,877-501 resp. US patent no. 3,435-356; the corresponding glass fiber-filled plastics are obtained. ;Manufacturing the foils according to the invention. ;Example 1. ;Bisphenol A-based polycarbonate with a relative viscosity nrel = 1.32 (measured in CH2C12 at 25°C and 0.5 g in lOOml) with a glass fiber part of 20? short glass fiber with water strips (compare DAS 1,201,991) is melted in an extruder with a three-zone screw, which has a compression ratio of 1 : 3 - The cylinder temperature is set in the draw-in zone at 260°C, in the compression and metering zone at 280 °C. The temperature of the used wide-slot nozzle is set over the total nozzle width of 280°C. At a screw speed of 60 revolutions per minute, the removal speed of the three-roll chair is set so that a 0.4 mm thick foil is obtained. This foil has a smooth surface on both sides. For a visual assessment of the scattering effect of the film produced in this way, it is placed 4 cm in front of an incandescent lamp with a bulb diameter of 20 mm and an output of 30 watts. An observer cannot from a distance of equal to or more than 25 cm to the foil. more see behind the incandescent coil of the connected incandescent lamp. When measuring the light transmittance of the foil, it turns out that a uniform scattering is achieved over the total wave range. The transmission is at 350 nm 10?, at 700 nm 22?. ;Example 2. ;Similar to example 1, a polycarbonate based on bisphenol A with a viscosity nrel = 1.28 (measured in CH2C12 at 25°C and 0.5 g per 100 ml) and a glass fiber part of 10 weight is used as polymer ? short fiberglass with water strips. The formed v0.4 mm thick foil shows by visual assessment the same scattering effect as in example 1; the measurement of the light transmittance (transmission) gives at 350 nm a value of 15? at 700 nm a value of 30?.
Eksempel 3»Example 3»
Tilsvarende eksempel 1 anvendes som polymer et cellulosepropionat, hvis etfdiksyreinnhold utgjør 5?, propionsyreinnhold 59?» mykningsmiddelinnhold 10?, med en glassfiberdel på 20 vekt? kortglassfiber. Forarbeidelsestemperaturen blir sam-menlignet til eksempel 1 i alle temperatursoner innstillet rundt 50°C lavere. Av dette material fremstilles en 0,1 mm tykkfolie. Ved den visuelle vurdering av strøvirkningen kan tilsvarende den i eksempel 1 nevnte forsøksanordning glødespiralen av den bakenfor anbragte glødelampe bare ganske svakt erkjennes. Lysgjénnomtrengeligheten (transmisjon) utgjør ved 350 nm 30?, ved 70 rim 56?. Corresponding to example 1, a cellulose propionate is used as polymer, whose ethylacetic acid content amounts to 5?, propionic acid content 59? plasticizer content 10?, with a fiberglass part of 20 weight? short fiberglass. The processing temperature is compared to example 1 in all temperature zones set around 50°C lower. A 0.1 mm thick foil is produced from this material. In the visual assessment of the scattering effect, corresponding to the experimental device mentioned in example 1, the glow spiral of the incandescent lamp placed behind can only be recognized rather faintly. The light transmittance (transmission) is at 350 nm 30?, at 70 nm 56?.
Eksempel 4. Example 4.
Tilsvarende eksepel 1 anvendes som polymer en poly-arylsulfon fremstillet av bisfenol A og 4,4-diklordifenylsulfon _(Molekylvekt 40.000) med 20 vekt? glassfiberinnhold. Forarbeidelsestemperaturen innstilles rundt 20°C høyere enn i eksempel 1. Folien trekkes over et chill-roll-anlegg, idet valsetempera-turen av avtrekksinnretningen oppvarmes til 150°C. Fra den således fremstilte 0,4 mm tykke folie fremstilles i termoform-fremgangsmåte kulekalotte med en diameter på 10 mm og en høyde på 5 mm. Fra en signallampe som er anbragt i en avstand på 1 cm bak denne formede folie og som har en ytelse på 12 watt, kan glødespiralen ikke mer sees. Transmisjon ved 350 nm 20%, ved 700 nm 4 0%. Corresponding to example 1, a polyarylsulfone made from bisphenol A and 4,4-dichlorodiphenylsulfone _ (Molecular weight 40,000) with 20 wt. glass fiber content. The processing temperature is set around 20°C higher than in example 1. The foil is drawn over a chill-roll system, the roll temperature of the draw-off device being heated to 150°C. From the 0.4 mm thick foil produced in this way, ball caps with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 5 mm are produced in the thermoforming method. From a signal lamp which is placed at a distance of 1 cm behind this shaped foil and which has an output of 12 watts, the glow spiral can no longer be seen. Transmission at 350 nm 20%, at 700 nm 4 0%.
Ytterligere folier kan fremstilles, idet Additional foils can be produced, as
eks. 1 modifiseres således at det i stedet for polykarbonat anvendes de andre i foran nevnte termoplastiske kunststoffer og dessuten varieres glassfiberinnholdet innen området ifølge oppfinnelsen. e.g. 1 is modified so that instead of polycarbonate, the other thermoplastic plastics mentioned above are used and, furthermore, the glass fiber content is varied within the range according to the invention.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2531240A DE2531240C2 (en) | 1975-07-12 | 1975-07-12 | Process for the production of diffusing light disks |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO762255L NO762255L (en) | 1977-01-13 |
NO144623B true NO144623B (en) | 1981-06-29 |
NO144623C NO144623C (en) | 1981-10-07 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO762255A NO144623C (en) | 1975-07-12 | 1976-06-29 | MANUFACTURING STROELY DISCS USING GLASS FIBER FILLED THERMOPLASTIC FILES |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS5211046A (en) |
AT (1) | AT354905B (en) |
BE (1) | BE843908A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1068034A (en) |
CH (1) | CH602314A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2531240C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK146776C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2318020A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1515439A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1062602B (en) |
NL (1) | NL185068C (en) |
NO (1) | NO144623C (en) |
SE (1) | SE7607826L (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1585338A (en) * | 1977-05-14 | 1981-02-25 | Bayer Ag | Use of sheets of thermoplastic filled with glass beads for the manufacture of light diffuser plates |
DE2721885C3 (en) * | 1977-05-14 | 1981-12-24 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Manufacture of lens diffusers |
JPS57133149A (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-17 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Polycarbonate resin composition |
NL8300817A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-10-01 | Philips Nv | PROJECTION SCREEN. |
DE4424106A1 (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1996-01-11 | Bayer Ag | Laminates |
US6550938B2 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2003-04-22 | Lexalite International Corporation | Lighting fixture employing a partially reflective partially transmittive polymeric reflector |
DE102007044146A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Thermoplastic with metal identification plate |
DE102008051409A1 (en) | 2008-10-11 | 2010-04-15 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | security element |
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DE1245938B (en) * | 1963-11-30 | 1967-08-03 | ||
US3291868A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1966-12-13 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Production of polarizing elements |
DE1544920A1 (en) * | 1965-10-08 | 1969-07-24 | Bayer Ag | Translucent plastics for lighting purposes |
DE1729529A1 (en) * | 1968-02-23 | 1972-02-10 | Bayer Ag | Process for the production of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics |
DE2118597A1 (en) * | 1970-04-21 | 1971-11-11 | Joergensen, Knud, Frederikshavn (Dänemark); r | Translucent material |
-
1975
- 1975-07-12 DE DE2531240A patent/DE2531240C2/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-06-21 CA CA255,344A patent/CA1068034A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-29 NO NO762255A patent/NO144623C/en unknown
- 1976-07-07 GB GB28246/76A patent/GB1515439A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-08 BE BE168735A patent/BE843908A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-08 SE SE7607826A patent/SE7607826L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-07-09 IT IT50346/76A patent/IT1062602B/en active
- 1976-07-09 AT AT504076A patent/AT354905B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-09 DK DK313376A patent/DK146776C/en active
- 1976-07-09 JP JP51081071A patent/JPS5211046A/en active Granted
- 1976-07-09 NL NLAANVRAGE7607643,A patent/NL185068C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-09 CH CH883676A patent/CH602314A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-12 FR FR7621319A patent/FR2318020A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA1068034A (en) | 1979-12-11 |
SE7607826L (en) | 1977-01-13 |
NL185068B (en) | 1989-08-16 |
DE2531240C2 (en) | 1984-07-26 |
CH602314A5 (en) | 1978-07-31 |
JPS5629241B2 (en) | 1981-07-07 |
NL7607643A (en) | 1977-01-14 |
DE2531240A1 (en) | 1977-01-27 |
DK146776C (en) | 1984-07-16 |
GB1515439A (en) | 1978-06-21 |
DK146776B (en) | 1984-01-02 |
FR2318020A1 (en) | 1977-02-11 |
AT354905B (en) | 1979-02-11 |
ATA504076A (en) | 1979-06-15 |
NO144623C (en) | 1981-10-07 |
FR2318020B1 (en) | 1982-05-21 |
DK313376A (en) | 1977-01-13 |
BE843908A (en) | 1977-01-10 |
IT1062602B (en) | 1984-10-20 |
JPS5211046A (en) | 1977-01-27 |
NL185068C (en) | 1990-01-16 |
NO762255L (en) | 1977-01-13 |
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