NO142249B - APPLICATION OF ULTRASIDE SOUND SUMMARY OF RUBBERED WEBS - Google Patents
APPLICATION OF ULTRASIDE SOUND SUMMARY OF RUBBERED WEBS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO142249B NO142249B NO2301/73A NO230173A NO142249B NO 142249 B NO142249 B NO 142249B NO 2301/73 A NO2301/73 A NO 2301/73A NO 230173 A NO230173 A NO 230173A NO 142249 B NO142249 B NO 142249B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- edge
- edges
- rubber
- pressure
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010073 coating (rubber) Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
- B29C66/73752—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81461—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being multi-lamellar or segmented, i.e. comprising a plurality of strips, plates or stacked elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
- B29C66/81469—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint one placed next to the other in a single line transverse to the feed direction, e.g. shoulder to shoulder sonotrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
- B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
- B29C66/82421—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
- B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
- B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
- B29C66/9513—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
- B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
- B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29L2030/003—Plies; Breakers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Tyre Moulding (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)
Abstract
Anvendelse av ultralyd ved sammenføyning av gummibelagt vev kant mot kant.Use of ultrasound when joining rubber-coated tissue edge to edge.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår kantskjøting av gummibelagte, armerte vevskikt kant mot kant. Det er vevskikt av denne type som vanligvis anvendes i gummiindustrien for å gi styrke og avstivning til sluttprodukter av gummi. Vevene utgjøres av parallelle armeringstråder og er på begge sider forsynt med et lag av vulkaniserbart gummimaterial. Det har tidligere vært utført sammenføyning av sådanne gummibelagte vev enten kant mot kant eller ved overlapning. The present invention relates to the edge joining of rubber-coated, reinforced fabric layers edge to edge. It is woven layers of this type that are usually used in the rubber industry to give strength and stiffening to rubber end products. The webs consist of parallel reinforcing wires and are provided on both sides with a layer of vulcanizable rubber material. Joining of such rubber-coated fabrics has previously been carried out either edge to edge or by overlapping.
Ved overlappende sammenføyning vil et avsnitt langs den ene In the case of overlapping joining, a section will run along one
kant av det gummibelagte vev overlappe den annen kant, idet trykk påføres overlapningsområdet for frembringelse av en kraftig forbindelse. Ved denne type sammenføyning er skjøtens styrke et resultat av det store effektive kor.taktområde langs skjøten. Ved sammenføyning kant mot kant foreligger det ingen overlapning av gummibelagt vev og forbindelsen mellom de to deler som skal sammenføyes, oppnås ved å bringe kantene i innbyrdes kontakt og påføre trykk i kontaktområdet. Styrken av denne skjøt avhenger ene og alene av kontaktbindingen mellom vevkantene. edge of the rubber coated web overlap the other edge, pressure being applied to the overlap area to produce a strong connection. In this type of joining, the strength of the joint is a result of the large effective cor.tact area along the joint. When joining edge to edge, there is no overlap of rubber-coated fabric and the connection between the two parts to be joined is achieved by bringing the edges into mutual contact and applying pressure in the contact area. The strength of this joint depends solely on the contact bond between the tissue edges.
Overlapningsskjøten vil her være den foretrukne fremgangsmåte når det er mulig å benytte denne, da den vil danne den sterkeste skjøt. The overlap joint will be the preferred method here when it is possible to use this, as it will form the strongest joint.
En sådan overlapningsskjøt kan lett utføres når trådene i det armerte vev-material er av syntetisk fibermaterial; men fremgangsmåten vil ikke egne seg når armeringstrådene foreligger i stivere material som ikke kan tøyes, som f.eks. stål eller glass, eller når de syntetiske fibertråder har stor diameter. Den iboende stivhet eller bare omfanget av sådanne tråder gjør en overlapningsskjøt upraktisk, enten på grunn av det forhold av skjøten ganske enkelt ikke vil holde ved den kraftige påkjenning som oppstår ved utvidelse av et hjuldekk, eller fordi materialansamlingen i skjøtområdet bevirker en ubalanse i det ferdige dekk. Such an overlap joint can easily be carried out when the threads in the reinforced fabric material are of synthetic fiber material; but the method will not be suitable when the reinforcing wires are made of stiffer material that cannot be stretched, such as e.g. steel or glass, or when the synthetic fiber threads have a large diameter. The inherent stiffness or sheer bulk of such threads makes a lap joint impractical, either because the ratio of the joint simply will not hold up to the heavy stress of tire expansion, or because the accumulation of material in the joint area causes an imbalance in the finished deck.
Ved tilvirkning av hjuldekk, sammenstilles dekket på en flat, sylinderisk monteringstrommel. De forsterkende armeringsvev påføres denne monteringstrommel i lag. Forsterkningstrådene i hvert armert lag anbringes i en forut bestemt vinkel med dekkets omkretsflate. Disse forsterkende vev underkastes to tilvirkningstrinn før deres påføring på monteringstrommelen. Først påføres et gummiskikt på begge sider av vevet, og der-etter skjæres det gummi-påførte vev opp i stykker over hele sin bredde. Disse snitt gjøres enten på skrå i forhold til trådene i det gummipåførte vev, (når det ønskes en viss tråd-vinkel i det ferdige produkt) eller perpendikulært på trådene (når vevet skal anvendes som dekkstamme for et radialdekk). Kantene av originalvevet i disse lateralt oppskårne stykker skjøtes innbyrdes på en sådan måte at trådene i dette ferdige sammenhengende vevstykke eller skikt danner en forut bestemt vinkel med vevstykkets lengderetning. Det er ved sammen-føyning av endene av de lateralt avskårne stykker av belagt vevmaterial at den foreslåtte prosess i henhold til oppfinnelsen er særskilt vel egnet. Da et ferdig dekk kan omfatte flere lag av armerte skikt, kan adskillige skjøter av denne type foreligge i ett og samme dekk. When manufacturing wheel tyres, the tire is assembled on a flat, cylindrical mounting drum. The reinforcing reinforcing fabric is applied to this mounting drum in layers. The reinforcing wires in each reinforced layer are placed at a predetermined angle with the tire's circumferential surface. These reinforcing webs are subjected to two manufacturing steps before their application to the assembly drum. First, a layer of rubber is applied to both sides of the fabric, and then the rubber-coated fabric is cut into pieces across its entire width. These cuts are made either at an angle in relation to the threads in the rubber-coated fabric (when a certain thread angle is desired in the finished product) or perpendicular to the threads (when the fabric is to be used as a tire stem for a radial tyre). The edges of the original fabric in these laterally cut pieces are joined together in such a way that the threads in this finished continuous piece of fabric or layer form a predetermined angle with the longitudinal direction of the fabric. It is by joining the ends of the laterally cut pieces of coated tissue material that the proposed process according to the invention is particularly well suited. As a finished tire can comprise several layers of reinforced layers, several joints of this type can be present in one and the same tire.
Ved tilvirkningsprosessen for et hjuldekk er de armerte skikt gjenstand for en meget høy utvidelse. Denne utvidelse opp-trer ved formingen av dekket fra en åpen sylinderform til den vanlige ringform for et dekk. Under denne utvidelsesprosess utsettes skjøtene mellom de belagte armeringsvev for høye påkjenninger og opprivning kan finne sted når skjøtenes styrke During the manufacturing process for a wheel tyre, the reinforced layers are subject to a very high expansion. This expansion occurs when the tire is formed from an open cylindrical shape to the usual ring shape for a tire. During this expansion process, the joints between the coated reinforcing fabrics are exposed to high stresses and tearing can take place when the strength of the joints
ikke er tilstrekkelig til å motstå påkjenningene ved denne dekkforming. Disse opprivninger er særlig besværlige i dekk is not sufficient to withstand the stresses of this tire shaping. These tears are particularly troublesome in tires
hvori vevskiktene har blitt sammenføyet kant mot kant, og spesielt i dekk med ståltrådarmering. in which the fabric layers have been joined edge to edge, and especially in tires with steel wire reinforcement.
Ved tidligere kjente fremgangsmåter for kant-skjøting av eller vevskikt har det for å sikre en tilfredsstillende skjøt vært nødvendig å ha en fersk, skrått avskåret kant av gummibelegget på hver av de vevkanter som skal sammenføyes. Når trådene i skiktet danner en vinkel på 90°C med skiktets lengderetning (hvilket vil si at trådene ligger parallelt med den kant som skal skjøtes), oppnås denne ferske, skrått avskårne kant av In previously known methods for edge-joining of or fabric layers, in order to ensure a satisfactory joint, it has been necessary to have a fresh, obliquely cut edge of the rubber coating on each of the fabric edges to be joined. When the threads in the layer form an angle of 90°C with the longitudinal direction of the layer (which means that the threads lie parallel to the edge to be joined), this fresh, obliquely cut edge is achieved by
gummibelegget ved fjerning av den siste tråd og skrå avskjæring av det resulterende overskytende gummibelegg med en varm kniv. Ved vinkelskåret gummibelagt vev, hvori trådene danner en vinkel på mindre enn 90°C med vevets lengderetning (hvilket vil si at trådene også danner en vinkel med skjøte-kanten av det gummibelagte vev), må også gummikantene av-skjæres skrått med en varm kniv. Disse fremgangsmåter er dyre og tidskrevende og resulterer i visse tilfeller i tap av to tråder for hver skjøt. the rubber coating by removing the last thread and obliquely cutting off the resulting excess rubber coating with a hot knife. In the case of angle-cut rubber-coated fabric, in which the threads form an angle of less than 90°C with the longitudinal direction of the fabric (which means that the threads also form an angle with the joint edge of the rubber-coated fabric), the rubber edges must also be cut diagonally with a hot knife . These methods are expensive and time consuming and in certain cases result in the loss of two threads for each splice.
Det er formål for foreliggende oppfinnelse å unngå denne dyre og tidskrevende anvendelse av varm kniv for skrå avskjæring av gummibeleggets kant og oppnå rask og økonomisk sammen-føyning av gummibelagte ståltrådarmerte dekkskikt kant mot kant. It is the purpose of the present invention to avoid this expensive and time-consuming use of a hot knife for obliquely cutting off the edge of the rubber coating and to achieve a quick and economical joining of rubber-coated steel wire-reinforced cover layers edge to edge.
Det er et ytterligere formål for oppfinnelsen å angi en mulighet for å oppnå tilstrekkelig kraftig sammenføyning av armerte dekkskikt med jevn kant uten varmetilførsel utenfra. I denne forbindelse skal det nevnes at det er kjent fra britisk patentskrift nr. 1 144 347 å sammenføye skikt av fullstendig tverrbundet polyuretanmaterial ved indre oppvarming frembragt ved ultralyd, idet de kanter som skal sammenføyes befinner seg under trykk. Tallrike forsøk har imidlertid vist at denne teknikk generelt ikke er egnet for bruk ved uvulkanisert og ikke tverrbundet gummimaterial. Ved utvikling av foreliggende oppfinnelse er det imidlertid overraskende funnet It is a further purpose of the invention to indicate a possibility of achieving a sufficiently strong joining of reinforced cover layers with a smooth edge without heat input from the outside. In this connection, it should be mentioned that it is known from British Patent No. 1 144 347 to join layers of completely cross-linked polyurethane material by internal heating produced by ultrasound, the edges to be joined being under pressure. However, numerous trials have shown that this technique is generally not suitable for use with unvulcanized and non-crosslinked rubber material. During the development of the present invention, however, a surprising discovery has been made
at ultralyd likevel under visse forhold med hell kan an- that ultrasound can still, under certain conditions, successfully
vendes for sammenføyning av gummibelagte armeringsvev kant mot kant. reversed for joining rubber-coated reinforcing fabric edge to edge.
Oppfinnelsen gjelder således anvendelse av ultralyd for oppvarming ved sammenføyning kant mot kant av armeringsvev belagt med ikke uvulkanisert og ikke tverrbundet gummimaterial, og hvis armeringstråder består av ikke tøybare stål- eller glasstråder som strekker seg parallelt med de vevkanter som skal sammenføyes, idet nevnte vevkanter i tett innbyrdes anlegg bringes i direkte kontakt med en ultralydfrembringende anordning og samtidig utsettes for trykk som påføres slik at ingen vesentlig nedsettelse av kanttykkelsen finner sted og fordeles jevnt langs kantene ved hjelp av en trykkutjevningsinnretning, hvorved gummimaterialet langs vevkantene i innbyrdes anlegg innesluttes i et romområde som avgrenses av de armeringstråder som ligger nærmest hver av vevkantene, den ultra-lydf rembringende anordning og trykkutjevningsinnretningen, The invention thus applies to the use of ultrasound for heating during edge-to-edge joining of reinforcing fabric coated with non-vulcanized and non-cross-linked rubber material, and whose reinforcing wires consist of non-stretchable steel or glass wires that extend parallel to the fabric edges to be joined, as said fabric edges in close interlocking devices are brought into direct contact with an ultrasound-producing device and at the same time exposed to pressure which is applied so that no significant reduction in edge thickness takes place and is distributed evenly along the edges by means of a pressure equalization device, whereby the rubber material along the fabric edges in interlocking devices is enclosed in a space area which delimited by the reinforcing wires closest to each of the fabric edges, the ultra-sound absorbing device and the pressure equalization device,
mens vevkantene ved påvirkning fra den ultralydfrembringende anordning utsettes for ultralydvibrasjoner i sådan grad at gummimaterialet langs de sammenførte vevkanter oppvarmes til flytning, homogeniseres og etter avkjøling danner en sterk sammenføyning uten vulkanisering eller tverrbinding av gummimaterialet . while the fabric edges are exposed to ultrasonic vibrations due to the influence of the ultrasound-producing device to such an extent that the rubber material along the joined fabric edges is heated to flow, homogenized and, after cooling, forms a strong joint without vulcanization or cross-linking of the rubber material.
Anvendelse av ultralyd i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse oppfyller således behovet for en kantskjøte-teknikk som kan benyttes for å oppnå en sterk sammenføyning av gummibelagte, ståltrådarmeringsvev. Oppfinnelsen eliminerer nødvendigheten av skrått avskårne gummibelegg ved skiktkanten ved hjelp av en varm kniv, samt unngår også fjerning og resulterende tap av endetrådene ved skiktkantene når det er ønskelig å sammen-føye vevet. Application of ultrasound according to the present invention thus fulfills the need for an edge joint technique that can be used to achieve a strong joining of rubber-coated, steel wire reinforcing fabrics. The invention eliminates the necessity of diagonally cut rubber coverings at the ply edge using a hot knife, and also avoids the removal and resulting loss of the end threads at the ply edges when it is desired to join the fabric.
Den tilførte ultralydeffekt frembringer varme i skjøteområdet. Denne varme får gummibelegget i dette området til å mykne og frembringer antagelig en homogeniseringsvirkning i grenseflatene mellom gummikantene i sammenføyningsområdet, hvilket resulterer i en sterk, effektiv skjøt som har tilstrekkelig styrke til å.motstå de utvidelsespåkjenninger som vil fremkomme i de senere tilvirkningstrinn av dekk-fremstillingen. Den nød-vendige ultralydeffekt oppnås ved anvendelse av en lydgene-ratoranordning av vanlig type. Denne generatoranordning kan f.eks. utgjøres av en kraftkilde, en omformer som omvandler elektrisk energi fra kraftkilden til mekanisk vibrasjonsenergi, en konsentrator som konsentrerer denne energi, samt lydhorn som overfører den lydenergi som utvikles ved den mekaniske vibrasjon til de stykker som skal skjøtes, idet hornene er dimensjonert i samsvar med den ultralydfrekvens som skal over-føres . The applied ultrasonic power produces heat in the joint area. This heat causes the rubber coating in this area to soften and presumably produces a homogenizing effect in the interfaces between the rubber edges in the joining area, resulting in a strong, effective joint that has sufficient strength to withstand the expansion stresses that will occur in the later manufacturing steps of the tire. the manufacture. The necessary ultrasonic effect is achieved by using a sound generator device of the usual type. This generator device can e.g. consists of a power source, a converter that converts electrical energy from the power source into mechanical vibration energy, a concentrator that concentrates this energy, as well as sound horns that transfer the sound energy developed by the mechanical vibration to the pieces to be joined, as the horns are dimensioned in accordance with the ultrasound frequency to be transmitted.
Virkningen av ultralydpulser som frembringes av nevnte horn The effect of ultrasonic pulses produced by said horn
er en funksjon av flere faktorer, som f.eks. den avgitte effekt fra effektkilden, samt hornenes vibrasjonsfrekvens og amplityde. Det er vel kjent at vibrasjonsfrekvensen og vibrasjonenes amplityde er innbyrdes omvendt proporsjonale, hvilket vil si at etter som hornenes utsvingsbevegelse eller amplityde øker, vil deres vibrasjonsfrekvens avta. Det er også kjent at jo større svingningsamplityden er for sådanne horn, jo større vil hornenes hysteresetap være, således at større varmemengder frembringes av pulsene. is a function of several factors, such as the emitted power from the power source, as well as the vibration frequency and amplitude of the horns. It is well known that the frequency of vibration and the amplitude of the vibrations are mutually inversely proportional, which means that as the swinging movement or amplitude of the horns increases, their vibration frequency will decrease. It is also known that the greater the oscillation amplitude for such horns, the greater will be the hysteresis loss of the horns, so that greater amounts of heat are produced by the pulses.
Teknikken med å anvende ultralydenergi for sammenføyning av termoplastmaterialer har vært anvendt ved meget tynne plastskikt. Anvendelse av denne teknikk i forbindelse med materialer av den tykkelse som foreligger ved armeringsskikt for hjuldekk er tidligere antatt å være uten hensikt. Tykkelsen av sådanne plastskikt har vært av størrelsesorden 1/10 - 1 mm, mens de armerte skikt som anvendes i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnesle er av størrelsesorden fra et par millimeter til et par cm og mer. Det er tidligere fastlagt at denne skjøtemetode er utilfredsstillende ved gummi i samme tykkelsesområde som nevnte armerte dekk-vev. Det antas at nærværet av trådene i det armerte dekkvev bidrar til fordeling av den tilførte ultralydenergi på en sådan måte at hele tykkelsen av det armerte vevskikt aktiveres av ultralydeffekten. I gummistykker som ikke inneholder armeringstråder (slik som dekk-slanger) vil anvendelse av ultralyd for foreliggende formål ikke være tilfredsstillende . The technique of using ultrasonic energy to join thermoplastic materials has been used for very thin plastic layers. Application of this technique in connection with materials of the thickness present in reinforcement layers for wheel tires was previously thought to be pointless. The thickness of such plastic layers has been of the order of 1/10 - 1 mm, while the reinforced layers used according to the present invention are of the order of magnitude from a couple of millimeters to a couple of cm and more. It has previously been established that this joining method is unsatisfactory for rubber in the same thickness range as the aforementioned reinforced tire fabric. It is assumed that the presence of the threads in the reinforced covering tissue contributes to the distribution of the applied ultrasound energy in such a way that the entire thickness of the reinforced tissue layer is activated by the ultrasound effect. In rubber pieces that do not contain reinforcing wires (such as tire tubes), the use of ultrasound for the present purpose will not be satisfactory.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen plasseres lydhornene eller de så-kalte soniske horn i direkte kontakt med de stykker som skal sammenføyes, og frembringer derved, når de energiseres av ultralyd-vibrasjoner, varmeutvikling i skjøt-området av vevskiktene, som derved mykner og homogeniserer gummimaterialet for dannelse av en sterk sammenføyning eller skjøt. De skjøter som fremkommer ved denne fremgangsmåte er meget sterke og oppnås på meget økonomisk måte. Det er ikke nødvendig å for-varme kantene av de vevskikt som skal sammenføyes, idet det bare vil være påkrevet å bringe kantene i innbyrdes kontakt med hverandre over det område som skal sammenføyes og ved hjelp av lydhornene påføre et trykk i skjøtområdet samt å utsette skjøten for ultralydimpulser ved energisering av de soniske horn. Den nødvendige aktiveringstid etter energisering av de., soniske horn og inntil en tilfredsstillende skjøt er oppnådd, dreier seg om en brøkdel av et sekund eller noen få sekunder. Den dyre, tidkrevende prosess ved fjerning av yttertråden og skrå avskjæring av gummibelegget elimineres således fullstendig, likesom nødvendigheten av å frembringe trykk-hefting over skjøten etter at sammenføyningen er utført. Ved anvendelse av ultralyd i henhold til oppfinnelsen benyttes de soniske horn i seg selv for overføring av trykk til skjøtområdet, således at enhver etterhefting av sammenføyningsområdet unngås. According to the invention, the sound horns or so-called sonic horns are placed in direct contact with the pieces to be joined, and thereby produce, when energized by ultrasonic vibrations, heat development in the joint area of the tissue layers, which thereby softens and homogenizes the rubber material for forming a strong join or joint. The joints produced by this method are very strong and are achieved in a very economical way. It is not necessary to pre-heat the edges of the tissue layers to be joined, as it will only be required to bring the edges into mutual contact with each other over the area to be joined and with the help of the sound horns to apply pressure in the joint area and to delay the joint for ultrasonic impulses when energizing the sonic horns. The required activation time after energizing the sonic horns and until a satisfactory joint is achieved is a fraction of a second or a few seconds. The expensive, time-consuming process of removing the outer thread and slicing off the rubber coating is thus completely eliminated, as is the necessity of producing pressure-stitching over the joint after the joining is done. When using ultrasound according to the invention, the sonic horns themselves are used to transfer pressure to the joint area, so that any post-gluing of the joining area is avoided.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen er det nødvendig at de soniske horn bringes i kontakt med og overfører jevnt fordelt trykk til de vev-kanter som skal sammenføyes, over hele skjøteområdet. Det kan ikke være vesentlig variasjoner i det påførte trykk According to the invention, it is necessary that the sonic horns are brought into contact with and transmit evenly distributed pressure to the fabric edges to be joined, over the entire joint area. There cannot be significant variations in the applied pressure
i dette kantområde, og det vil være nødvendig at det anvendes midler for utjevning av trykket langs skjøten, idet det kompenseres for ujevnheter i vevskiktene. in this edge area, and it will be necessary to use means to equalize the pressure along the joint, compensating for unevenness in the tissue layers.
Den trykkintensitet som påføres ved hjelp av de soniske horn The intensity of pressure applied by means of the sonic horns
er viktig da den har sammenheng med styrken av de ultralydpulser som effektivt frembringes i de stykker som skal sammen-føyes. Hvis trykket er for høyt kan det dempe lydvibrasjonene i hornene og nedsetter virkningen av disse vibrasjoner. Hvis trykket er for lavt, kan på den annen side kontakten mellom de soniske horn og de stykker som skal sammenføyes bli utilstrekkelig og resultere i tap av vibrasjonsenergi og derfor også varme ved denne utilstrekkelige kontakt. is important as it is related to the strength of the ultrasound pulses that are effectively produced in the pieces to be joined. If the pressure is too high, it can dampen the sound vibrations in the horns and reduce the effect of these vibrations. If the pressure is too low, on the other hand, the contact between the sonic horns and the pieces to be joined may become insufficient and result in a loss of vibrational energy and therefore also heat due to this insufficient contact.
Frekvensen av ultralydvibrasjonene er begrenset nedover ved The frequency of the ultrasonic vibrations is limited downwards by
det forhold at vibrasjonene må ha tilstrekkelig høy frekvens til å eliminere ubehagelige arbeidsforhold eller bivirkninger for den operatør som betjener apparatet, samtidig som vibrasjonsfrekvensen også må være tilstrekkelig høy for å frembringe nødvendig varmeenergi og resulterende mykning og homogenisering av gummibelegget i skjøtområdet. Oppover er frekvens-området for ultralydvibrasjonene begrenset av økonomiske forhold i forbindelse med den nødvendige effekt for frembringelse av vibrasjonene, av de fysiske egenskaper for det material som anvendes i hornene og som må tåle vibrasjonene samt ytterligere av det forhold at vibrasjonsariplityden for hornene må gi tilstrekkelig utsving til å overføre vibrasjonene gjennom det øvre lag av gummibelegget og det mellomliggende armeringsvev til det nedre lag av gummibelegget. the fact that the vibrations must have a sufficiently high frequency to eliminate unpleasant working conditions or side effects for the operator operating the device, while the vibration frequency must also be sufficiently high to produce the necessary heat energy and resulting softening and homogenization of the rubber coating in the joint area. Above, the frequency range for the ultrasonic vibrations is limited by economic conditions in connection with the necessary effect for producing the vibrations, by the physical properties of the material used in the horns and which must withstand the vibrations, and further by the fact that the vibration amplitude for the horns must provide sufficient deflection to transmit the vibrations through the upper layer of the rubber coating and the intermediate reinforcing fabric to the lower layer of the rubber coating.
Oppfinnelsen vil nå bli nærmere beskrevet under henvisning til de vedføyde tegninger, hvorpå: Fig. 1 viser et apparat for sammenføyning av armerte gummibelagte dekkvev ved hjelp av ultralyd, og The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings, on which: Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for joining reinforced rubber-coated cover fabrics using ultrasound, and
Fig. 2 viser et tverrsnitt gjennom et armert dekkskikt som ' Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through a reinforced cover layer which '
er sammenføyet ved anvendelse av ultralyd. are joined using ultrasound.
Det apparat som er vist i fig. 1 består av fire deler; nemlig lydimpulsgeneratorer A (i et antall på f.eks. seks som an- The apparatus shown in fig. 1 consists of four parts; namely sound impulse generators A (in a number of, for example, six as an-
gitt i figuren), utstyr B for å bringe generatorene i kontakt med de stykker somskal sammenføyes, utstyr for å bringe given in the figure), equipment B for bringing the generators in contact with the pieces to be joined, equipment for bringing
kantene av de vevskikt som skal skjøtes i sammenhengende kontakt med hverandre, f.eks. et transportørbelte C, samt en innretning D for å optimalisere trykket mot arbeidsstykkene for å sikre at det trykk som påføres av ultralydgeneratorene fordeles jevnt over kontaktområdet for nevnte generatorer og de vevkanter som skal sammenføyes. the edges of the tissue layers to be joined in continuous contact with each other, e.g. a conveyor belt C, as well as a device D to optimize the pressure against the workpieces to ensure that the pressure applied by the ultrasonic generators is evenly distributed over the contact area of said generators and the fabric edges to be joined.
I fig. 1 er det vist seks separate lydpulsgeneratorer montert In fig. 1 six separate sound pulse generators are shown mounted
i en ramme 10. Hver generator omfatter en kraftkilde (ikke montert i rammen 10 og ikke vist), som kan utgjøres av en 2000 volts spenningskjede. Denne kraftkilde er tilsluttet til en omformer 11 for hver separat generator, således at hver generator kan utløses individuelt. De omformere 11 som således er tilsluttet kraftkilden, omformer den elektriske energi til mekanisk vibrasjonsenergi og er i sin tur tilsluttet forsterkere 12, som øker eller forsterker den mekaniske vibrasjonsenergi som avgis fra omformerne. Forsterkerne er i sin tur tilsluttet soniske horn 13, som overfører den mekaniske vibrasjonenergi fra forsterkerne til ultralydenergi i form av vibrasjoner eller impulser av en viss forut bestemt frekvens og amplityde. Den mest hensiktsmessige frekvens og amplityde for hornene bestemmes av hornenes konfigurasjon og kraftkildens styrke. in a frame 10. Each generator comprises a power source (not mounted in the frame 10 and not shown), which may be constituted by a 2000 volt voltage chain. This power source is connected to a converter 11 for each separate generator, so that each generator can be triggered individually. The converters 11 which are thus connected to the power source, convert the electrical energy into mechanical vibration energy and are in turn connected to amplifiers 12, which increase or amplify the mechanical vibration energy emitted from the converters. The amplifiers are in turn connected to sonic horns 13, which transfer the mechanical vibration energy from the amplifiers to ultrasound energy in the form of vibrations or impulses of a certain predetermined frequency and amplitude. The most appropriate frequency and amplitude for the horns is determined by the configuration of the horns and the strength of the power source.
Utstyret B kan utgjøres av hvilke som helst egnete innretninger, som f.eks. hydraulisk eller pneumatisk virkende sylindre og stempler, for å bevege generatorenes soniske horn. I fig. 1 The equipment B can be made up of any suitable devices, such as e.g. hydraulic or pneumatically acting cylinders and pistons, to move the generators' sonic horns. In fig. 1
er sådanne anordninger angitt i form av trykkluftsylindre og stempler 14 med 5 cm slaglengde, montert på stasjonære støttebjelker 15 og tilsluttet et vertikalt bevegelig stykke 16. Dette vertikalt bevegligs stykke bringes til bevegelse på forut bestemt måte ved hjelp av føringsinnretninger (ikke vist) således at lydpulsgeneratorene som er montert på stykket 16 vil kunne forskyves opp og ned til forut bestemt vertikal stilling i forhold til skjøteanordningen og de stykker som skal sammenføyes. Luftsylindrene overfører også et forut bestemt trykk til stykket 16, således at de soniske horn i sin tur meddeler et forut bestemt trykk til de vevskikt som skal such devices are indicated in the form of compressed air cylinders and pistons 14 with a stroke length of 5 cm, mounted on stationary support beams 15 and connected to a vertically movable piece 16. This vertically movable piece is set in motion in a predetermined manner by means of guide devices (not shown) so that the sound pulse generators mounted on the piece 16 will be able to be moved up and down to a predetermined vertical position in relation to the joint device and the pieces to be joined. The air cylinders also transmit a predetermined pressure to the piece 16, so that the sonic horns in turn communicate a predetermined pressure to the tissue layers to
sammenføyes. are joined together.
Den anordning C som bringer frem de vevstykker som skal skjøtes til lydpulsgeneratorene i fig. 1, er angitt som et transportørbelte 20 og plassert mellom, generatorene A og den variable trykkinnretning D. The device C which brings out the tissue pieces to be joined to the sound pulse generators in fig. 1, is indicated as a conveyor belt 20 and placed between the generators A and the variable pressure device D.
Innretningen D for optimalisering av trykket er angitt i fig. The device D for optimizing the pressure is indicated in fig.
1 som bestående av et antall sammenstilte vertikale plater 30 understøttet av en luftpute 31. Disse plater kan beveges uavhengig av hverandre og er således fri til hver for seg å reagere på det trykk som påføres ovenfra fra de soniske puls-generatorer. Den understøttende luftpute absorberer trykket og sikrer jevn trykkfordeling over hele kontaktområdet. 1 as consisting of a number of assembled vertical plates 30 supported by an air cushion 31. These plates can be moved independently of each other and are thus free to react individually to the pressure applied from above from the sonic pulse generators. The supporting air cushion absorbs the pressure and ensures even pressure distribution over the entire contact area.
Tverrsnittet i fig. 2 viser et armert dekkskikt med armeringstråder 50 dekket av gummibelegg 51. Materialet i armeringstrådene kan være et hvilket som helst av de vanlige armerings-materialer for gummi, som f.eks. rayon, nylon, polyester, The cross section in fig. 2 shows a reinforced covering layer with reinforcing wires 50 covered by rubber coating 51. The material in the reinforcing wires can be any of the usual reinforcing materials for rubber, such as e.g. rayon, nylon, polyester,
stål eller glass. Anvendelse av ultralyd i henhold til oppfinnelsen er særskilt egnet for sammenføyning av armerte skikt for hjuldekk, hvori armeringsmaterialet er stivt og lite tøybart, f.eks. av ståltråd eller glass. Gummibelegget kan være av et hvilket som helst vanlig vulkanisert gummimaterial som anvendes ved tilvirkning av vevarmerte gummigjenstander, f.eks. hjuldekk eller transportbelter. Gummimaterialet kan således utgjøres av en hvilken som helst av de syntetiske gummiarter eller av naturlig gummi, eller eventuelt en hvilken som helst kombinasjon av disse materialer. Beleggtykkelsen kan være like stor på begge sider av armeringstrådene eller kan være påført ubalansert med større tykkelse på den ene side av trådene enn på den annen side. steel or glass. The use of ultrasound according to the invention is particularly suitable for joining reinforced layers for wheel tyres, in which the reinforcing material is stiff and not very stretchable, e.g. of steel wire or glass. The rubber coating can be of any common vulcanized rubber material used in the manufacture of web-warmed rubber items, e.g. wheel tires or conveyor belts. The rubber material can thus be made up of any of the synthetic rubber species or of natural rubber, or possibly any combination of these materials. The coating thickness can be the same on both sides of the reinforcing wires or can be applied unbalanced with a greater thickness on one side of the wires than on the other side.
Ved anvendelse av ultralyd i henhold til oppfinnelsen anbringes de armerte skikt som skal sammenføyes på transportbeltet 20. Skiktene bringes i kontakt kant mot kant og plasseres direkte under de soniske horn 13, mellom hornene og transportbeltet. Fig. 1 viser skiktene 40 i denne stilling. Lydpulsgeneratorene senkes ned til kontakt med skiktkantene ved hjelp av utstyret B. Trykk påføres kantene ved hjelp av pulsgeneratorene når denne kontakt er opprettet. Dette trykk fordeles jevnt over hele sammenføyningsområdet ved hjelp av innretningen D, som omfatter et stort antall sammenstilte plater understøttet av en luftpute,. således at platene kan innta forskjellige høyde-stillinger i avhengighet av det trykk som påføres dem ved senkning.av generatoranordningen A. When using ultrasound according to the invention, the reinforced layers to be joined are placed on the conveyor belt 20. The layers are brought into contact edge to edge and placed directly under the sonic horns 13, between the horns and the conveyor belt. Fig. 1 shows the layers 40 in this position. The sound pulse generators are lowered into contact with the layer edges using equipment B. Pressure is applied to the edges using the pulse generators when this contact has been established. This pressure is distributed evenly over the entire joining area by means of the device D, which comprises a large number of assembled plates supported by an air cushion. so that the plates can assume different height positions depending on the pressure applied to them when lowering the generator device A.
Med apparatet i denne stilling, aktiveres ultralydgeneratorene for å overføre lydvibrasjoner til de stykker som sk'al sammen-føyes. Disse vibrasjoner har forut bestemt frekvens og amplityde og varer en forut bestemt tid. Den varme som frembringes av den overførte ultralydeffekt til gummibeleggene, utvikler varme i kontaktområdet således at gummimaterialet mykner og flyter. Gummi fra de to vevskikt flyter sammen under innflyt-else av det trykk som påføres ved hjelp av de soniske horn, With the device in this position, the ultrasonic generators are activated to transmit sound vibrations to the pieces to be joined. These vibrations have a predetermined frequency and amplitude and last a predetermined time. The heat produced by the transmitted ultrasound effect to the rubber coatings develops heat in the contact area so that the rubber material softens and flows. Rubber from the two tissue layers flows together under the influence of the pressure applied by means of the sonic horns,
og blandes således og homogeniseres. Den skjøt som.derved dannes mellom de to vevstykker er meget sterk og svikter ikke under en påfølgende dekktilvirkning. Skjøten frembringes også på meget rask og økonomisk måte sammenlignet med tidligere kjent teknikk for skjøting av denne type armerte skikt. and are thus mixed and homogenized. The joint that is thereby formed between the two woven pieces is very strong and does not fail during subsequent tire production. The joint is also produced in a very quick and economical way compared to previously known techniques for joining this type of reinforced layer.
Den ultralydenergi som frembringes av generatorene må være tilstrekkelig til å trenge fullstendig gjennom det øvre gummibelegg og nå frem til den nedre gummibelegg, hvilket resulterer i en oppvarming av både det øvre og nedre gummibelegg samt en homogenisering av begge disse belegg med de til-svarende belegg i kanten av det annet stykke. The ultrasonic energy produced by the generators must be sufficient to penetrate completely through the upper rubber coating and reach the lower rubber coating, which results in a heating of both the upper and lower rubber coating as well as a homogenization of both of these coatings with the corresponding coatings at the edge of the other piece.
Anvendelse av ultralyd i henhold til oppfinnelsn er spesielt demonstrert ved sammenføyning av to stykker av standard gummibelagt armert vevskikt som anvendes som forsterknihgsskikt i et ståltråd-dekk. Dette spesielle vevskikt omfattet parallelle kordstreriger sammensatt av 5 x 7 tråder og med en diameter på 1,5 mm. Kordstrengene var anordnet i et antall på 6 til 7 pr. cm. Gummibelegget var påført ubalansert med 0,8 mm tykkelse på den ene side og en tykkelse på 1,3 mm på den annen side av stålstrengene, hvilket gir en total tykkelse av vevstykket på 3,6 cm, (summen av stålstrengenes tykkelse av de to gummibelegg). To sådanne stykker ble sammenføyet ved hjelp av ultralyd og, ved anvendelse av det apparat som er vist i fig. 1. Effekt ble overført til hver av de seks lydgeneratorer i serie, hvilket resulterte i ultralydpulser med en frekvens på 20 000 Hertz og en amplityde på 0,045 mm. Stykkene ble utsatt for sådanne pulser i 0,7 sekunder fra hver pulsgenerator. Det var en tidsforsinkelse på 0,3 sekunder mellom påfølgende generatorer, således at de 6 generatoren-heter to 6 sekunder på å gjennomføre den fullstendige sammen-føyning. Det trykk som ble påført ved hjelp av de soniske horn var 6,5 kg/cm 2. Det var nødvendig å bibeholde det på-førte trykk fra de soniske horn på et optimalt nivå, da for høyt trykk ville medføre en dempning av vibrasjonene, mens for lavt trykk ville medføre utilstrekkelig kontakt mellom hornene og de stykker som skal sammenføyes. Skjøten mellom de to stykker var meget sterk og ble oppnådd på økonomisk måte under en brøkdel av den tid som tidligere var nødvendig. The use of ultrasound according to the invention is particularly demonstrated by joining two pieces of standard rubber-coated reinforced fabric layer which is used as a reinforcement layer in a steel wire tire. This special woven layer included parallel cord strings composed of 5 x 7 threads and with a diameter of 1.5 mm. The cord strings were arranged in a number of 6 to 7 per cm. The rubber coating was applied unbalanced with a thickness of 0.8 mm on one side and a thickness of 1.3 mm on the other side of the steel strands, giving a total thickness of the woven piece of 3.6 cm, (the sum of the thickness of the steel strands of the two rubber coating). Two such pieces were joined together by means of ultrasound and, using the apparatus shown in fig. 1. Power was transmitted to each of the six sound generators in series, resulting in ultrasonic pulses with a frequency of 20,000 Hertz and an amplitude of 0.045 mm. The pieces were exposed to such pulses for 0.7 seconds from each pulse generator. There was a time delay of 0.3 seconds between successive generators, so that the 6 generators took 6 seconds to complete the complete joining. The pressure applied by the sonic horns was 6.5 kg/cm 2 . It was necessary to maintain the applied pressure from the sonic horns at an optimal level, as too high a pressure would cause a damping of the vibrations, while too low a pressure would result in insufficient contact between the horns and the pieces to be joined. The joint between the two pieces was very strong and was achieved economically in a fraction of the time previously required.
Det vil forstås at ultralydgeneratorene kan være av en hvilken som helst kjent tilgjengelig konstruksjon for frembringelse av lydvibrasjoner. De soniske horn kan ha en hvilken som helst hensiktsmessig utforming. Et hvilket som helst hensiktsmessig antall generator kan også anbringes på linje, avhengig av bredden av de stykker som skal sammenføyes, og et hvilket som helst hensiktsmessig antall effektkilder kan anvendes for drift av sådanne generatorer, alt etter den tid som er tilgjengelig for å fullføre hele sammenføyningen. It will be understood that the ultrasonic generators may be of any known construction available for producing sound vibrations. The sonic horns may have any suitable design. Any convenient number of generators may also be placed in line, depending on the width of the pieces to be joined, and any convenient number of power sources may be used to operate such generators, according to the time available to complete the entire the joining.
Utstyret B og C kan være en hvilken som helst kjent mekanisk utrustning som kan utføre den ønskede arbeidsfunksjon ved plassering av vevskiktene kant mot kant og sikring av jevnt fordelt trykk over hele sammenføyningsområdet. The equipment B and C can be any known mechanical equipment that can perform the desired work function by placing the tissue layers edge to edge and ensuring evenly distributed pressure over the entire joining area.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US22259572A | 1972-06-07 | 1972-06-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO142249B true NO142249B (en) | 1980-04-14 |
NO142249C NO142249C (en) | 1980-07-23 |
Family
ID=22832867
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO230173A NO142249C (en) | 1972-06-07 | 1973-06-01 | APPLICATION OF ULTRASIDE SOUND SUMMARY OF RUBBERED WEBS |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS5127472B2 (en) |
AT (1) | AT332751B (en) |
AU (1) | AU471940B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE800263A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7304080D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA991066A (en) |
CH (1) | CH567562A5 (en) |
ES (1) | ES412294A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2187536B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1386732A (en) |
IN (1) | IN138841B (en) |
IT (1) | IT991609B (en) |
KE (1) | KE2572A (en) |
LU (1) | LU67411A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL152483B (en) |
NO (1) | NO142249C (en) |
PH (1) | PH10358A (en) |
SE (1) | SE399011B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA733703B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4179285A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1979-12-18 | Armco Inc. | Ferritic stainless steel |
US4360381A (en) * | 1980-04-11 | 1982-11-23 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Ferritic stainless steel having good corrosion resistance |
DE3742651C1 (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1989-03-09 | Fudickar Kg C S | Process and device for manufacturing, making endless or repairing conveyor belts |
JP4493163B2 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Joining system for sheet-like unvulcanized rubber materials |
-
1973
- 1973-02-01 GB GB520073A patent/GB1386732A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-03 ES ES412294A patent/ES412294A1/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-13 NL NL7303521A patent/NL152483B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-04-12 LU LU67411D patent/LU67411A1/xx unknown
- 1973-04-12 JP JP4094473A patent/JPS5127472B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-04-27 CA CA169,990A patent/CA991066A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-03 IN IN1039/CAL/73A patent/IN138841B/en unknown
- 1973-05-04 SE SE7306308A patent/SE399011B/en unknown
- 1973-05-29 IT IT6857573A patent/IT991609B/en active
- 1973-05-30 CH CH788073A patent/CH567562A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-05-30 FR FR7319748A patent/FR2187536B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-05-30 ZA ZA733703A patent/ZA733703B/en unknown
- 1973-05-30 BE BE131707A patent/BE800263A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-05-31 PH PH14679A patent/PH10358A/en unknown
- 1973-05-31 BR BR408073A patent/BR7304080D0/en unknown
- 1973-06-01 AT AT482073A patent/AT332751B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-06-01 NO NO230173A patent/NO142249C/en unknown
- 1973-06-04 AU AU56488/73A patent/AU471940B2/en not_active Expired
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1975
- 1975-10-15 KE KE257275A patent/KE2572A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2187536B1 (en) | 1975-08-22 |
DE2328208A1 (en) | 1974-01-10 |
KE2572A (en) | 1975-10-31 |
DE2328208B2 (en) | 1976-03-04 |
AT332751B (en) | 1976-10-11 |
NL152483B (en) | 1977-03-15 |
FR2187536A1 (en) | 1974-01-18 |
CH567562A5 (en) | 1975-10-15 |
LU67411A1 (en) | 1973-10-22 |
AU5648873A (en) | 1974-12-05 |
ATA482073A (en) | 1976-01-15 |
SE399011B (en) | 1978-01-30 |
ES412294A1 (en) | 1976-05-01 |
PH10358A (en) | 1977-01-05 |
ZA733703B (en) | 1974-07-31 |
NL7303521A (en) | 1973-12-11 |
JPS5127472B2 (en) | 1976-08-12 |
IN138841B (en) | 1976-04-03 |
GB1386732A (en) | 1975-03-12 |
BE800263A (en) | 1973-11-30 |
AU471940B2 (en) | 1976-05-06 |
NO142249C (en) | 1980-07-23 |
IT991609B (en) | 1975-08-30 |
JPS504166A (en) | 1975-01-17 |
BR7304080D0 (en) | 1974-07-18 |
CA991066A (en) | 1976-06-15 |
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