NO140173B - PROCEDURE FOR CONDITIONING HEATED INHALATION AIR FOR DIVERS - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR CONDITIONING HEATED INHALATION AIR FOR DIVERS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO140173B NO140173B NO773940A NO773940A NO140173B NO 140173 B NO140173 B NO 140173B NO 773940 A NO773940 A NO 773940A NO 773940 A NO773940 A NO 773940A NO 140173 B NO140173 B NO 140173B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- grid
- lead
- electrode
- rods
- bars
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
- B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
- B63C11/18—Air supply
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
- A61M16/16—Devices to humidify the respiration air
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
- A61M16/16—Devices to humidify the respiration air
- A61M16/162—Water-reservoir filling system, e.g. automatic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
- B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
- B63C11/28—Heating, e.g. of divers' suits, of breathing air
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Air Humidification (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
Description
Gitterelektrode for blyakkumulatorer. Grid electrode for lead accumulators.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en gitterelektrode for blyakkumulatorer, hvor det fremtredende trekk består i en mer jevn utnyttelse av det på gitteret anbragte aktive materiale og at den mekaniske styrke økes sammenlignet med hittil kjente gitterelektroder av lignende art. En gitterelektrode ifølge oppfinnelsen har dessuten en lavere elektrisk motstand enn det hittil var mulig å oppnå ved gitterelektroder av samme type. The present invention relates to a grid electrode for lead accumulators, where the prominent feature consists in a more uniform utilization of the active material placed on the grid and that the mechanical strength is increased compared to previously known grid electrodes of a similar nature. A grid electrode according to the invention also has a lower electrical resistance than was previously possible to achieve with grid electrodes of the same type.
Det er allerede tidligere kjent å legge inn i kantene på et støpt blygitter under støpningen deler av metall med høyere ledningsevne enn bly. Denne fremgangs-måte til å forbedre et blygitters samlede ledningsevne er imidlertid av støpetekniske grunner omstendelig og tidsspillende. Det tilsiktede resultat av fremgangsmåten er dessuten begrenset som følge av at de deler av et gitter som kan utnyttes for dette formål, med hensyn til elektrodevekten er så små at der ikke kan komme på tale noen innlegg som kan gi vesentlig for-bedring av den totale ledningsevne. It is already known in the past to insert parts of metal with a higher conductivity than lead into the edges of a cast lead grid during casting. However, this method of improving a lead grid's overall conductivity is cumbersome and time-consuming for casting technical reasons. The intended result of the method is also limited due to the fact that the parts of a grid that can be used for this purpose, with regard to the electrode weight, are so small that there cannot be any inserts that can provide a significant improvement of the overall conductivity.
Det er i praksis dessuten ønskelig at gitrene støpes en viss tid før de skal vi-derebearbeides, f. eks. fylles med såkalt aktiv masse. Da ikke alle gittere er bereg-net på anvendelse i slike batterityper som krever gittere med høy ledningsevne, er det derfor fordelaktig hvis man bare be-høver å lagerføre én eneste normal gitter-type og de gittere som skal ha høyere ledningsevne ved behov kan kompletteres i den nødvendige utstrekning. Oppfinnelsen løser de nevnte problemer på en enkel og på-litelig måte, slik at ferdigstøpte eller pres-sede gittere som består av en egnet blylegering, kompletteres slik at den ferdige elektrode får de ønskede elektriske egen-skaper. Et gitter av den art det her er tale om, består av et rammeverk og i dette anordnede, i forhold til elektrodens mon-terte stilling vertikale og horisontale rib-ber såkalte sprosser. De vertikale sprosser befinner seg vanligvis i gitterets midtre plan, men uten å nå ut til gitterets to over-flateplan som er fastlagt av rammeverket, slik at sprossene, når gitteret er fylt med aktivt materiale, er dekket av dette materiale. De horisontale sprosser er derimot sideforskutt i forhold til det midtre plan, slik at de befinner seg avvekslende i hver sin gitterhalvdel regnet fra det midtre plan. Også disse sprosser er i den ferdige elektrode dekket av aktiv masse. I praksis støpes gitrene vanligvis i en form som er delt etter gitterets midtre plan, idet de vertikale sprosser er innarbeidet enkelt-vis i begge formhalvdeler og de horisontale sprosser avvekslende i hver sin halvdel. In practice, it is also desirable that the grids are cast a certain time before they are to be further processed, e.g. filled with so-called active mass. As not all grids are designed for use in such battery types that require grids with high conductivity, it is therefore advantageous if you only need to stock one and only one normal grid type and the grids that must have higher conductivity can be supplemented if necessary to the extent necessary. The invention solves the aforementioned problems in a simple and reliable way, so that ready-cast or pressed grids consisting of a suitable lead alloy are completed so that the finished electrode has the desired electrical properties. A grid of the kind in question here consists of a framework and in this arranged, in relation to the mounted position of the electrode, vertical and horizontal ribs called slats. The vertical bars are usually located in the middle plane of the grid, but without reaching the two surface planes of the grid which are determined by the framework, so that the bars, when the grid is filled with active material, are covered by this material. The horizontal slats, on the other hand, are offset laterally in relation to the middle plane, so that they are located alternately in each half of the grid counted from the middle plane. These bars are also covered in active mass in the finished electrode. In practice, the grids are usually cast in a mold that is divided according to the middle plane of the grid, with the vertical bars being incorporated individually in both mold halves and the horizontal bars alternating in each half.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen kompletteres gitteret ved at der mellom de sideforskutte sprosser og hovedsakelig i elektrodens midtplan er innlagt staver av et metall med større ledningsevne enn gittermetal-lets ledningsevne. Staver av aluminium har vist seg særlig egnet til formålet. Ved anvendelse av aluminium fås en elektrode med relativt liten vekt i forhold til led-ningsevnen for dens massive materialdeler. Ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnås der også en betydelig fordel sammenlignet med elek-troder med innstøpte metalldeler, ved at en eller flere staver kan legges inn i et gitter alt etter de ledningsegenskaper som ønskes for elektroden, idet der i alle tilfelle anvendes den samme støpte gitter-type. For at metallstavene ikke skal øde-legges ved korrosjon i den i en galvanisk celle herskende atmosfære, er det fordelaktig at stavene overtrekkes med bly før de legges inn i gitteret. For ytterligere for-sterkning av slik korrosj onsbeskyttelse blir gitteret med de deri innlagte staver der-etter undertiden forsynt med ennu et, eventuelt flere, blyovertrekk. Slike blyovertrekk på gitteret er i og for seg tidligere kjent og utføres vanligvis i slike tilfelle hvor legeringstilsetninger i blyet kan være skadelige for en akkumulatorcelle som hel-het. Således er f. eks. tilsetninger av anti-mon i gitterblyet meget alminnelige for øk-ning av blyets mekaniske styrke. Imidlertid øker selvutladningen med tiltagende antimoninnhold, og et overtrekk med rent bly kan derfor ofte vise seg påkrevd. According to the invention, the grid is completed by inserting rods of a metal with greater conductivity than the grid metal's conductivity between the laterally offset bars and mainly in the center plane of the electrode. Rods made of aluminum have proven to be particularly suitable for the purpose. When aluminum is used, an electrode is obtained with a relatively small weight in relation to the conductivity of its massive material parts. According to the invention, a significant advantage is also achieved compared to electrodes with cast-in metal parts, in that one or more rods can be inserted into a grid depending on the conduction properties desired for the electrode, as the same cast grid type is used in all cases . So that the metal rods are not destroyed by corrosion in the atmosphere prevailing in a galvanic cell, it is advantageous that the rods are coated with lead before they are inserted into the grid. For further strengthening of such corrosion protection, the grid with the rods embedded in it is then sometimes provided with another, possibly several, lead covers. Such lead coatings on the grid are in and of themselves previously known and are usually carried out in such cases where alloying additions to the lead can be harmful to an accumulator cell as a whole. Thus, e.g. additions of antimony in the lattice lead very common to increase the lead's mechanical strength. However, the self-discharge increases with increasing antimony content, and an overcoat with pure lead can therefore often be required.
En utførelse av et elektrodegitter ifølge oppfinnelsen er vist på tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et elektrodegitter i oppriss og fig. 2 et lengdesnitt av samme vinkelrett på gitterplanet. An embodiment of an electrode grid according to the invention is shown in the drawing, where fig. 1 shows an electrode grid in elevation and fig. 2 a longitudinal section of the same perpendicular to the lattice plane.
Den omgivende gitterramme som vanligvis bestemmer elektrodens tykkelse, er betegnet med 1 og de vertikale sprosser med 2. De med de vertikale sprosser parallelle metallstaver er i det viste utførelseseksem-pel to i antall og betegnet med 3. Horison-talsprossene er betegnet med 4 og en til-koblingsdel med 5; ved hjelp av denne for-bindes den ferdige elektrode med lignende til en såkalt platesats. The surrounding lattice frame, which usually determines the thickness of the electrode, is denoted by 1 and the vertical bars by 2. The metal rods parallel to the vertical bars are two in number in the shown embodiment and denoted by 3. The horizontal number bars are denoted by 4 and a connecting part with 5; with the help of this, the finished electrode is connected with the like to a so-called plate set.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO773940A NO140173C (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1977-11-17 | PROCEDURE FOR CONDITIONING HEATED INHALATION AIR FOR DIVERS |
SE7811703A SE434828B (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1978-11-13 | SET AND DEVICE FOR CONDITIONING THE INHALING AIR FOR A DIVER |
GB7844591A GB2010097B (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1978-11-15 | Method and device for conditioning of breathing air for divers |
FR7832873A FR2409054A1 (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1978-11-16 | RESPIRATORY AIR CONDITIONING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DIVERS |
JP14212278A JPS54100092A (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1978-11-17 | Method and device for regulating heated breathing air for diver |
DE19782850017 DE2850017A1 (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1978-11-17 | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR CONDITIONING BREATHING AIR FOR DIVERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO773940A NO140173C (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1977-11-17 | PROCEDURE FOR CONDITIONING HEATED INHALATION AIR FOR DIVERS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO140173B true NO140173B (en) | 1979-04-09 |
NO773940L NO773940L (en) | 1979-04-09 |
NO140173C NO140173C (en) | 1979-07-18 |
Family
ID=19883850
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO773940A NO140173C (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1977-11-17 | PROCEDURE FOR CONDITIONING HEATED INHALATION AIR FOR DIVERS |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS54100092A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2850017A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2409054A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2010097B (en) |
NO (1) | NO140173C (en) |
SE (1) | SE434828B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0227595Y2 (en) * | 1985-12-25 | 1990-07-25 | ||
DE3707386A1 (en) * | 1987-03-07 | 1988-09-15 | Geesthacht Gkss Forschung | Device for conditioning the air a diver inhales |
JPH01120711A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1989-05-12 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Shielded electric wire |
GB2243209B (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1994-03-30 | Derrick Gilbert George Purser | Moist air gun |
US7814907B2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2010-10-19 | Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited | System for sensing the delivery of gases to a patient |
US8342177B2 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2013-01-01 | Covidien Lp | Spill resistant humidifier for use in a breathing assistance system |
EP4122517A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2023-01-25 | ResMed Pty Ltd | Respiratory pressure device |
US9861778B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-01-09 | Resmed Limited | Humidifier reservoir |
IT202000028811A1 (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-27 | Quantimek Di Bertoncello Claudio | HUMIDIFIER DEVICE FOR DRY GASEOUS FLUID |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3688762A (en) * | 1971-03-02 | 1972-09-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Thermal control garment |
GB1448473A (en) * | 1972-09-13 | 1976-09-08 | Grant G C | Vapour saturated gas delivery |
FR2208705A1 (en) * | 1972-12-01 | 1974-06-28 | Junot Jules | Gas humidifier particularly for medical oxygen - ensures adequate wetting without entrainment of water droplets |
GB1424623A (en) * | 1973-03-05 | 1976-02-11 | Medizin Labortechnik Veb K | Respiratory gas conditioner |
US3983869A (en) * | 1974-08-13 | 1976-10-05 | Katumi Suzuki | Humidifier for aqualung equipment |
JPS5163400U (en) * | 1974-11-12 | 1976-05-19 | ||
US4014382A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-03-29 | Basil E. Demeur | Temperature and/or relative humidity control system |
FR2363336A1 (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1978-03-31 | Foundation For Ocean Research | Respirator gas heating and humidifying device - uses oxygen hydrogen mixt. with catalyst to produce heat and humidity |
JP3088161B2 (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 2000-09-18 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Near-infrared absorbing styrene resin composition and molded article thereof |
-
1977
- 1977-11-17 NO NO773940A patent/NO140173C/en unknown
-
1978
- 1978-11-13 SE SE7811703A patent/SE434828B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-11-15 GB GB7844591A patent/GB2010097B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-16 FR FR7832873A patent/FR2409054A1/en active Granted
- 1978-11-17 DE DE19782850017 patent/DE2850017A1/en active Granted
- 1978-11-17 JP JP14212278A patent/JPS54100092A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO773940L (en) | 1979-04-09 |
SE434828B (en) | 1984-08-20 |
JPS6233117B2 (en) | 1987-07-18 |
FR2409054A1 (en) | 1979-06-15 |
DE2850017C2 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
SE7811703L (en) | 1979-05-18 |
NO140173C (en) | 1979-07-18 |
FR2409054B1 (en) | 1984-06-08 |
JPS54100092A (en) | 1979-08-07 |
GB2010097B (en) | 1982-07-21 |
DE2850017A1 (en) | 1979-05-23 |
GB2010097A (en) | 1979-06-27 |
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