NO139638B - PROCEDURE FOR COMPOSTING ORGANIC WASTE - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR COMPOSTING ORGANIC WASTE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO139638B NO139638B NO4144/73A NO414473A NO139638B NO 139638 B NO139638 B NO 139638B NO 4144/73 A NO4144/73 A NO 4144/73A NO 414473 A NO414473 A NO 414473A NO 139638 B NO139638 B NO 139638B
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- oxygen
- air
- zone
- container
- waste
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/95—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially vertically between inlet and discharge means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte ved kompostering av klareslam ved hjelp av en med lufttilførsel styrbar forråtnelsesprosess og er en videreutvikling av fremgangs- The present invention relates to a method for composting clarified sludge by means of a putrefaction process that can be controlled with an air supply and is a further development of progress-
måten ifølge patent nr. 132 987. Ved fremgangsmåten ifølge hoved-patentet komposteres organisk avfall ved at avfallet kontinuerlig føres ovenfra og nedad gjennom en gjennomluftningsbeholder i motstrøm til luft fra bunnen av beholderen, og den nevnte fremgangsmåte er karakterisert ved at der til regulering av nedbrytningsprosessen av nedmalt avfall, fortrinnsvis i blanding med klareslam, kontinuerlig føres luft i motstrøm til avfallet i en slik mengde at sonen med høyest temperatur befinner seg i den øvre tredjedel og sonen med lavest temperatur befinner seg ved bunnen av beholderen, og sonen med lavest oxygeninnhold befinner seg i det øverste skikt og sonen med høyest oxygeninnhold befinner seg ved bunnen av beholderen. the method according to patent no. 132 987. In the method according to the main patent, organic waste is composted by continuously feeding the waste from above downwards through an aeration container in countercurrent to air from the bottom of the container, and the aforementioned method is characterized in that to regulate the decomposition process of ground waste, preferably in a mixture with clear sludge, air is continuously fed in countercurrent to the waste in such a quantity that the zone with the highest temperature is in the upper third and the zone with the lowest temperature is at the bottom of the container, and the zone with the lowest oxygen content is in the top layer and the zone with the highest oxygen content is at the bottom of the container.
Det ved avvannsrensning i klareanlegg utfelte klareslam blir The clarified sludge deposited during wastewater treatment in clarification plants becomes
som regel, etter at dets vanninnhold er vesentlig redusert fra 90 - 95% ved hjelp av fortykkere, filtre eller sentrifuger, as a rule, after its water content has been substantially reduced from 90 - 95% by means of thickeners, filters or centrifuges,
nedbrutt i friluft eller i lukkede nedbrytningsrom, hvorved methan frigies. decomposed in the open air or in closed decomposition rooms, whereby methane is released.
En slik fremgangsmåte er tidkrevende og omstendelig og Such a procedure is time-consuming and cumbersome and
krever arealkrevende anlegg. Dessuten er det nedbrutte eller forråtnede klareslam kun i en begrenset grad anvendbart som gjødsel, requires space-consuming facilities. In addition, the decomposed or rotted clear sludge is only usable as fertilizer to a limited extent,
da de anaerobe betingelser som hersker under nedbrytningen, ikke sikrer noen sterilisering (Hygienisierung). as the anaerobic conditions that prevail during the decomposition do not ensure any sterilization (Hygienisierung).
Det er også kjent at klareslam kan tilsettes i visse volum-prosent til komposterende organisk avfall for sammen å kompostere dette med det organiske avfall. Også ved denne fremgangsmåte kan kun mindre mengder klareslam bearbeides, slik at klareslam i vesentlig grad tilsidesettes ved deponering. It is also known that clarified sludge can be added in certain volume percentages to composting organic waste in order to compost this together with the organic waste. Also with this method, only small amounts of clarified sludge can be processed, so that clarified sludge is largely disregarded during disposal.
Oppfinnelsen har til oppgave å tilveiebringe en fremgangsmåte The invention has the task of providing a method
ved kompostering av klareslam, ved hvilken klareslam kan kompost- when composting clarified sludge, by which clarified sludge can compost
eres direkte, hvorved dette gjøres utnyttbart. are directly, whereby this is made usable.
Denne oppgave løses ifølge oppfinnelsen ved en fremgangsmåte According to the invention, this task is solved by a method
ved hvilken avfallet kontinuerlig føres ovenfra og nedad gjennom en gjennomluftningsbeholder i motstrøm til luft fra bunnen av beholderen, idet der til regulering av nedbrytningsprosessen av nedmalt avfall, fortrinnsvis i blanding med klareslam, kontinuerlig føres luft i motstrøm til avfallet i en slik mengde at sonen med høyest tempera- whereby the waste is continuously fed from above downwards through an aeration container in counter-flow to air from the bottom of the container, in order to regulate the decomposition process of ground waste, preferably in a mixture with clear sludge, air is continuously fed in counter-flow to the waste in such a quantity that the zone with highest temperature
tur befinner seg i den øvre tredjedel og sonen med lavest temperatur befinner seg ved bunnen av beholderen, og sonen med lavest oxygeninnhold befinner seg i det øverste skikt og sonen med høyest oxygeninnhold befinner seg ved bunnen av beholderen, og hvor der eventuelt for regulering av nedbrytningsprosessen uttas luftprøver i forskjellige, fortrinnsvis tre, soner fra det i gjennomluftningsreaktoren værende materialinnhold og at oxygen- eller carbondioxyd-innholdet av disse prøver bestemmes, idet fremgangsmåten kjenne-tegnes ved at der som organisk avfall anvendes klareslam som er blandet med torv, sagflis, halm og/eller tilbakeført materiale fra nedbrytningsprosessen, og at der eventuelt tilsettes bentonitt. På denne måte er det for første gang mulig i stor målestokk å omdanne klareslam med vanlig struktur til en ytterligere utnyttbar kompost. tur is located in the upper third and the zone with the lowest temperature is located at the bottom of the container, and the zone with the lowest oxygen content is located in the top layer and the zone with the highest oxygen content is located at the bottom of the container, and where possible for regulation of the decomposition process air samples are taken in different, preferably three, zones from the material content in the aeration reactor and the oxygen or carbon dioxide content of these samples is determined, the method being characterized by the use of clear sludge mixed with peat, sawdust, straw as organic waste and/or returned material from the decomposition process, and that bentonite is optionally added. In this way, it is possible for the first time on a large scale to convert clarified sludge with a normal structure into a further usable compost.
Ved å tilsette klareslammet organiske carbonbærere er det mulig å gjennomlufte klareslammet og ved tilsetning av rent oxygen påvirkes gunstig forskjellige oxygenkrevende bakterier, slik at en fullstendig aerob forråtnelsesprosess oppstår. Selv om det strukturfor-bedrede klareslam fores kontinuerlig gjennom gjennomluftningsreaktoren, og selv om det kontinuerlig gjennomluftes i motstroms forhold med luftoxygen anriket med rent oxygen, kan det i gjennomluftningsreaktoren erholdes forskjellige ved oxygentilfdrselen regulerbare temperatur- og oxygeninneholdende soner, som inntaes av bestemte mikroorganismestam-mer . Derved opnåes det en adskillelse av den mikrobiologiske nedbyg-ning i de forskjellige skikt, hvilket forer til en optimalisering av for råtnelsesprosessen. Man kan derved bestemme den biologiske aktivitet ved å måle oxygen- eller carbondioxydinnholdene og temperaturene i de forskjellige skikt av materialhoveddelen, og ifolge målingene kan man justere luftoxygenets anrikningsgrad med oxygen og gjennomluft-ningen. Således oppstår det eksempelvis i den ovre tredjedel av gjen-nomluf tningsreaktoren en såkalt varmeoppdemningssone med en temperatur på 70 ~ 80°C. Denne temperatursone kan ved den kontinuerlige motstroms-gjennomluf tnmgsprostiss holaes temmelig noyaktig i et bestemt ovre om-råde av gjennomluftningsreaktoren. Herav folger det at det klareslam som ovenfra tilfores gjennomluftningsreaktoren nddvendigvis må passere dette varmeskikt. Patogene kimer i klareslammet blir derved drept, slik at det oppstår en intens desinfisering (Hygienisierung). Det i gjennomluftningsreaktoren innbragte materiale, som kan være innpodet med egnede bakterier, må nå beveges ned gjennom reaktoren i lopet av 14 - 20 dager, hvorved det beveges gjennom forskjellige temperatur-soner og dermed også soner med forskjellige oxygeninnhold. De spesifikke mikroorganismer trives kun i de soner hvori deres spesifikke livsbetingelser forefinnes, hvorved deres optimale aktivitet kan ut-vikles. Til tross for den kontinuerlige arbeidsmåte erholdes en fullstendig forråtning og pasteuriser ing (Hygienisierung) av klareslammet. By adding organic carbon carriers to the clarified sludge, it is possible to aerate the clarified sludge and by adding pure oxygen, different oxygen-demanding bacteria are favorably affected, so that a complete aerobic decay process occurs. Even if the structure-improved clear sludge is continuously fed through the aeration reactor, and even if it is continuously aerated in countercurrent conditions with air oxygen enriched with pure oxygen, different temperature and oxygen-containing zones that can be regulated by the oxygen supply can be obtained in the aeration reactor, which are occupied by certain microorganism strains . Thereby, a separation of the microbiological build-up in the different layers is achieved, which leads to an optimization of the decay process. You can thereby determine the biological activity by measuring the oxygen or carbon dioxide contents and the temperatures in the different layers of the main material, and according to the measurements you can adjust the degree of enrichment of the air oxygen with oxygen and the aeration. Thus, for example, a so-called heat retention zone with a temperature of 70 ~ 80°C occurs in the upper third of the aeration reactor. This temperature zone can be hollowed out quite precisely in a certain upper area of the aeration reactor by the continuous counter-flow aeration prosthesis. It follows from this that the clear sludge which is supplied from above to the aeration reactor must necessarily pass this heating layer. Pathogenic germs in the clarified sludge are thereby killed, so that intense disinfection (Hygienisierung) occurs. The material brought into the aeration reactor, which may be inoculated with suitable bacteria, must now be moved down through the reactor over the course of 14 - 20 days, whereby it is moved through different temperature zones and thus also zones with different oxygen content. The specific microorganisms only thrive in the zones in which their specific living conditions exist, whereby their optimal activity can be developed. Despite the continuous working method, a complete decomposition and pasteurization (Hygienisierung) of the clarified sludge is obtained.
Ifdlge et ytterligere trekk ved oppfinnelsen tilsettes luften 5 - 20% rent oxygen. According to a further feature of the invention, 5 - 20% pure oxygen is added to the air.
Gjennomluftning av reaktoren skjer ved hjelp av en inn-blåsningsanordning, som er fordelaktig når den med oxygen anrikede luft innfores i materialet ved hjelp av et fintblåsende dyse-system. Aeration of the reactor takes place by means of a blow-in device, which is advantageous when the oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the material by means of a fine blowing nozzle system.
For styring av nedbrytningsprosessen blir det uttatt For management of the decomposition process, it is withdrawn
prover av luftblandingen som omgir materialaggregatet på forskjellige steder, fortrinnsvis i tre soner av gjennomluftningsreaktoren og inn-holdet av oxygen eller carbondioxyd bestemmes i disse prover og ifolge disse bestemmelse kan lufttilforselsen enten forhoyes eller begrenses. Resultatene kan også nedskrives ved hjelp av egnede oxygen- eller car-bondioxydskrivere. samples of the air mixture that surrounds the material aggregate in different places, preferably in three zones of the aeration reactor and the content of oxygen or carbon dioxide is determined in these samples and according to these determinations the air supply can either be increased or limited. The results can also be written down using suitable oxygen or carbon dioxide printers.
For overvåkning av nedbrytningsprosessen kan den i materialaggregatet herskende temperatur måles på flere steder, fortrinnsvis i seks soner i gjennomluftningsreaktoren, også disse temperaturer kan nedskrives ved hjelp av en temperaturskriver. To monitor the decomposition process, the temperature prevailing in the material aggregate can be measured in several places, preferably in six zones in the aeration reactor, and these temperatures can also be written down using a temperature recorder.
Den for forråtnelsesprosessen dnskede fuktighet kan tilfores ved overrisling av det dverste materialskiktet. The moisture required for the rotting process can be supplied by sprinkling the thickest layer of material.
I klareslam er natriumioner og tungmetallioner tilstede i store mengder, og kan via komposten igjen fores tilbake til det biologiske kretslop og således akkumuleres i plante- og dyre-organismer. In clear sludge, sodium ions and heavy metal ions are present in large quantities, and can be fed back into the biological cycle via the compost and thus accumulate in plant and animal organisms.
Oppfinnelsen har ytterligere til hensikt å angi en fremgangsmåte hvorved den kompost som fores ut av gjennomluftningsreakto- The invention further intends to specify a method whereby the compost which is fed out of the aeration reactor
ren inneholder mindre mengder tungmetallioner såvel som en mindre nat-riumandel, enn det som tidligere er erholdt. pure contains smaller amounts of heavy metal ions as well as a smaller proportion of sodium than what has previously been obtained.
Denne hensikt opnåes ifdlge oppfinnelsen ved at klareslam- According to the invention, this purpose is achieved by clarifying sludge
met som et ytterligere tilsetningsmiddel tilfores bentonittmel, fortrinnsvis i en mengde på 7,5 - 12,5 kg/m slam. bentonite flour is added as a further additive, preferably in an amount of 7.5 - 12.5 kg/m mud.
Bentonitt er et leirmineral med sterk svellings- og ab-sorpsjonsevne, hvis hovedbestanddel utgjdres av mineralet montmorilo-nitt. Det har den egenskap at de i mineralet bundne Ca-ioner er ut-byttbare mot de i klareslammet sterkt tilstedeværende Na-ioner eller tungmetallioner, som eksempelvis har gått over fra veisalt til jords-monnet inn i vannet og derved kommet inn i råavfallet. Bentonite is a clay mineral with strong swelling and absorption properties, the main component of which is the mineral montmorillonite. It has the property that the Ca ions bound in the mineral are exchangeable for the Na ions or heavy metal ions strongly present in the clarified sludge, which have, for example, passed from road salt to the soil into the water and thereby entered the raw waste.
Dessuten inneholder bentonitt siliciumforbindelser, In addition, bentonite contains silicon compounds,
som eksempelvis danner komplekser med natrium som er kommet i klareslammet fra veisalt , slik at disse i komposten blir vannuoppldselige. which, for example, form complexes with sodium that has entered the clarified sludge from road salt, so that these in the compost become water-insoluble.
Det tilsvarende gjelder også for tungmetallionene. Innblandingen av bentonittmel i klareslam for gjennomgangen i gjennomluftningsreaktoren utviser således en positiv virkning ved komposteringen, slik at den fra forråtnelsesprosessen erholdte kompost i det dnskede omfang er fri for natrium- og tungmetallioner. En slik kompost inneholder som folge, av leire-humuskomplekser ved siden av hovednæringsmidler og mikronærings-midler også et antall organiske forbindelser og mikroorganismer og er således behjelpelig med igjen å frembringe den biologiske likevekt i det jordsmonn som er tilfort kompostene Leire-humuskomplekset lagrer The same also applies to the heavy metal ions. The mixing of bentonite flour in clear sludge for the passage in the aeration reactor thus shows a positive effect during the composting, so that the compost obtained from the rotting process is to the extent required free of sodium and heavy metal ions. As a result, such a compost contains clay-humus complexes next to main nutrients and micro-nutrients also a number of organic compounds and microorganisms and is thus helpful in restoring the biological balance in the soil that has been supplemented with the composts the clay-humus complex stores
dessuten den ikke-overflodige fuktighet som folge av montmorilonitt-krystallenes interkrystallinske svellingsevne og bibringer det således tilsatte jordsmonn den fordelaktige kornstruktur. moreover, the non-abundant moisture resulting from the intercrystalline swelling ability of the montmorillonite crystals and imparting the thus added soil with the advantageous grain structure.
Ved at klareslam med vanlig struktur tilsettes organiske carbonbærere er det muliggjort ved luftning under tilsetning av rent oxygen å påvirke gunstig de forskjellige oxygenkrevende bakterier, By adding organic carbon carriers to clarified sludge with a normal structure, it is possible by aeration with the addition of pure oxygen to favorably affect the various oxygen-demanding bacteria,
slik at det oppstår en fullstendig aerob forråtnelsesprosess, hvor an-delen av natrium- og tungmetallioner til en stor grad er nedsatt som folge av tilsetning av bentonitt. so that a complete aerobic decay process occurs, where the proportion of sodium and heavy metal ions is reduced to a large extent as a result of the addition of bentonite.
En anordning for gjennomfdring av fremgangsmåten består A device for carrying out the method consists
av, slik som den vedlagte tegning viser skjematisk, en varmeisolert gjennomluftningsreaktor 1, som via tilforselsanordning 2 tilfores kontinuerlig klareslam tilsatt en organisk carbonbærer, såsom torv, sag- of, as the attached drawing shows schematically, a heat-insulated aeration reactor 1, which via supply device 2 is continuously supplied with clarified sludge added with an organic carbon carrier, such as peat, sawdust
mel, strå eller allerede kompostert klareslam, såvel som bentonittmel som tilsettes klareslammet i en mengde på 7,5 - 12,5 kg/m klareslam, og som er blandet med klareslammet for dette bringes inn i reaktoren. Via utldpsordningen 3 anordnet i bunnen av gjennomluftningsreaktoren uttaes det nedbrutte materiale og viderebehandles på i og for seg kjent måt e. flour, straw or already composted clarified sludge, as well as bentonite flour which is added to the clarified sludge in an amount of 7.5 - 12.5 kg/m of clarified sludge, and which is mixed with the clarified sludge for this is brought into the reactor. Via the discharge arrangement 3 arranged at the bottom of the aeration reactor, the decomposed material is removed and further processed in a manner known per se e.
Det innforte materialaggregat 30 gjennomldper gjennom-luf tningsreaktoren i pilens 4 retning og som folge av mikroorganisme-nes aktivitet fores aggregatet gjennom forskjellige temperatur- og oxygenholdige soner. The introduced material aggregate 30 flows through the aeration reactor in the direction of the arrow 4 and as a result of the activity of the microorganisms, the aggregate is fed through different temperature and oxygen-containing zones.
Via en luftpumpeanordning 5 innsuges luftoxygen, som an-rikes med rent oxygen som eksempelvis taes fra en beholder 25. Det anrikede luftoxygen blåses i motstrom gjennom gjennomstromningsreak-toren i pilens 8 retning. Via an air pump device 5, air oxygen is sucked in, which is enriched with pure oxygen which is, for example, taken from a container 25. The enriched air oxygen is blown in countercurrent through the flow-through reactor in the direction of arrow 8.
Via et overrislingsanlegg IO kan materialaggregatet 30 fuktes i dnsket grad. Via a sprinkling system IO, the material aggregate 30 can be moistened to the desired degree.
Ved hjelp av sondene 11, 12 og 13 uttaes det tre luft-blandingsprdver fra materialaggregatet som er innelukket i gjennom-luf tningsreaktoren og provenes innhold av oxygen eller carbondioxyd fremvises ved hjelp av en skriver 14. Ytterligere er gjennomluftningsreaktoren forsynt med temperaturfolere 15 - 20, hvis målerresultater kan vises på en skriver 21. Disse målinger tjener for overvåking av forråtnelsesprosessen og styring av lufttilfbrselenu. With the help of probes 11, 12 and 13, three air-mix samples are taken from the material aggregate enclosed in the aeration reactor and the oxygen or carbon dioxide content of the samples is displayed with the help of a printer 14. Furthermore, the aeration reactor is equipped with temperature sensors 15 - 20, whose measurement results can be displayed on a printer 21. These measurements serve for monitoring the decay process and controlling the air supply.
Som det fremgår av det foregående blir det strukturelt forbedrede klareslam tilfort gjennomluftningsreaktoren kontinuerlig. Gjennomluftningsreaktoren er under forråtnelsesprosessen alltid fullstendig fylt. På undersiden, dvs. i bunnen av gjennomluftningsreaktoren, uttaes så meget materiale som tilfores ovenfra. Tilsetningen til gjennomluftningsreaktoren skjer altså kontinuerlig ovenfra og ut-tagelse av det forråtnede materiale taes ut i en tilsvarende mengde i bunnen. As can be seen from the foregoing, the structurally improved clarified sludge is continuously supplied to the aeration reactor. The aeration reactor is always completely filled during the putrefaction process. On the underside, i.e. at the bottom of the aeration reactor, as much material is removed as is supplied from above. The addition to the aeration reactor therefore takes place continuously from above and removal of the decayed material is taken out in a corresponding quantity at the bottom.
Under denne kontinuerlige gjennomgangsprosess blir alt det for forråtnelsesprosessen nodvendige luftoxygen også tilfort kontinuerlig i motstrom fra bunnen av gjennomluftningsreaktoren. During this continuous review process, all the air oxygen required for the putrefaction process is also supplied continuously in countercurrent from the bottom of the aeration reactor.
Som det fremgår ytterligere kan de biologiske nedbryt-ningsprosesser av materialaggreagatet påvirkes mer eller mindre ved såvel de forskjellige temperaturer og ved forskjellige oxygeninnhold. Dette påvirkes i det vesentlige av den i reaktoren tilstedeværende oxygenmengde, og oxygenmengden i de nevnte soner påvirkes ved innblås-ning av et stdrre eller mindre luftvolum. Ved styring av lufttilfør-selen kan de nevnte soner holdes innen visse grenser med hensyn til temperatur og med hensyn til forskjellig oxygeninnhold inne i gjennom-luf tningsreaktoren . As can be seen further, the biological degradation processes of the material aggregate can be affected to a greater or lesser extent by both the different temperatures and by different oxygen contents. This is essentially affected by the amount of oxygen present in the reactor, and the amount of oxygen in the mentioned zones is affected by blowing in a larger or smaller volume of air. By controlling the air supply, the aforementioned zones can be kept within certain limits with regard to temperature and with regard to different oxygen content inside the aeration reactor.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2253009A DE2253009B2 (en) | 1972-10-28 | 1972-10-28 | Process for composting organic waste |
| DE2318978A DE2318978A1 (en) | 1973-04-14 | 1973-04-14 | Compost prepn from sewage sludge - using reactor with controlled air inlet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO139638B true NO139638B (en) | 1979-01-08 |
| NO139638C NO139638C (en) | 1979-04-18 |
Family
ID=25764019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO414473A NO139638C (en) | 1972-10-28 | 1973-10-26 | PROCEDURE FOR COMPOSTING ORGANIC WASTE |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5648469B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT324365B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU476969B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE830278Q (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7308465D0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1011473A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH564495A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD107429A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK134750C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES419950A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI54469C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2204592B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1401566A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU167469B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT998989B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO139638C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL89506B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE401670B (en) |
| YU (1) | YU277473A (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2541070B2 (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1980-03-06 | Gebrueder Weiss Kg, 6340 Dillenburg | Process for the continuous composting of organic waste and / or sewage sludge and device for carrying out the process |
| JPS52154768A (en) * | 1976-06-16 | 1977-12-22 | Suekichi Yokoi | Method of disposal of industrial and general wastes and sludges |
| JPS53122560A (en) * | 1977-03-29 | 1978-10-26 | Suekichi Yokoi | Method for producing feed and fertilizers from wastes ftc* |
| JPS5470968A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1979-06-07 | Toyo Giken Kk | High oxygen circulating type compost producing apparatus |
| JPS5491476A (en) * | 1977-12-28 | 1979-07-19 | Toyo Giken Kk | Forcible aeration type rapid compost making apparatus |
| JPS5657244U (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1981-05-18 | ||
| DE3024813A1 (en) * | 1980-07-01 | 1982-01-28 | Gebrüder Weiss KG, 6340 Dillenburg | METHOD FOR COMPOSTING ROTTAGE FROM ORGANIC WASTE AND / OR CLEANING SLUDGE IN TWO PROCESS STEPS |
| JPS62184976U (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1987-11-25 | ||
| GB2214910B (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1991-10-02 | Green Land Ltd | Apparatus and a method for preparing composts and novel composts obtained thereby |
| FR2748017B1 (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1998-07-17 | Bernard Sa | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING COMPOST AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
| GB9905051D0 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 1999-04-28 | Eev Ltd | Chemical sensor systems |
| FI110094B (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2002-11-29 | Ecospec Ltd Oy | Process for preparing a soil improvement substance |
| JP2002255678A (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-11 | National Agricultural Research Organization | Composting laboratory equipment |
| FR2920022B1 (en) | 2007-08-17 | 2011-10-07 | Analyses Mesures Pollutions A M P | PROCESS FOR TREATING SLUDGE FROM BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION STATIONS OF WATER |
| RU2450873C2 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-05-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Самарский государственный технический университет | Method of processing oil slimes and cleaning of oil contaminated soils |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1279845A (en) * | 1961-02-08 | 1961-12-22 | Invest Trust | Process for converting organic waste into compost, in particular refuse, sewage sludge and the like |
-
1973
- 1973-10-10 FI FI313873A patent/FI54469C/en active
- 1973-10-11 HU HUKE000933 patent/HU167469B/hu unknown
- 1973-10-15 AT AT876373A patent/AT324365B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-10-19 AU AU61601/73A patent/AU476969B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-24 YU YU277473A patent/YU277473A/en unknown
- 1973-10-24 GB GB4945573A patent/GB1401566A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-25 SE SE7314488A patent/SE401670B/en unknown
- 1973-10-25 ES ES419950A patent/ES419950A1/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-26 FR FR7338285A patent/FR2204592B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-10-26 NO NO414473A patent/NO139638C/en unknown
- 1973-10-26 CA CA184,298A patent/CA1011473A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-26 JP JP12002373A patent/JPS5648469B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-10-26 DK DK579373A patent/DK134750C/en active
- 1973-10-26 PL PL1973166130A patent/PL89506B1/pl unknown
- 1973-10-26 IT IT3061173A patent/IT998989B/en active
- 1973-10-26 DD DD17431573A patent/DD107429A1/xx unknown
- 1973-10-26 CH CH1511073A patent/CH564495A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-10-29 BR BR846573A patent/BR7308465D0/en unknown
-
1975
- 1975-06-16 BE BE157360A patent/BE830278Q/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| YU277473A (en) | 1982-02-28 |
| IT998989B (en) | 1976-02-20 |
| FI54469B (en) | 1978-08-31 |
| JPS49131854A (en) | 1974-12-18 |
| AU6160173A (en) | 1975-04-24 |
| DD107429A1 (en) | 1974-08-05 |
| FI54469C (en) | 1978-12-11 |
| JPS5648469B2 (en) | 1981-11-16 |
| GB1401566A (en) | 1975-07-16 |
| SE401670B (en) | 1978-05-22 |
| CH564495A5 (en) | 1975-07-31 |
| FR2204592B1 (en) | 1976-10-01 |
| CA1011473A (en) | 1977-05-31 |
| DK134750B (en) | 1977-01-10 |
| FR2204592A1 (en) | 1974-05-24 |
| BR7308465D0 (en) | 1974-08-15 |
| DK134750C (en) | 1977-06-06 |
| AU476969B2 (en) | 1976-10-07 |
| NO139638C (en) | 1979-04-18 |
| ES419950A1 (en) | 1976-04-16 |
| AT324365B (en) | 1975-08-25 |
| HU167469B (en) | 1975-10-28 |
| BE830278Q (en) | 1975-10-16 |
| PL89506B1 (en) | 1976-11-30 |
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