NO137623B - PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSMITTER PAGE INSERT BIN {RE SIGNALIZATION SIGNS IN A SEQUENCE OF TIME MULTIPLEX SIGNALS AND CONNECTION DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE PROCEDURE - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR THE TRANSMITTER PAGE INSERT BIN {RE SIGNALIZATION SIGNS IN A SEQUENCE OF TIME MULTIPLEX SIGNALS AND CONNECTION DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE PROCEDURE Download PDF

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Publication number
NO137623B
NO137623B NO4080/73A NO408073A NO137623B NO 137623 B NO137623 B NO 137623B NO 4080/73 A NO4080/73 A NO 4080/73A NO 408073 A NO408073 A NO 408073A NO 137623 B NO137623 B NO 137623B
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
procedure
mixture
weight
lubricant
signalization
Prior art date
Application number
NO4080/73A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO137623C (en
Inventor
Josef Fluhr
Eduard Rentsch
Nikolaus Molnar
Original Assignee
Siemens Ag Albis
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Ag Albis filed Critical Siemens Ag Albis
Publication of NO137623B publication Critical patent/NO137623B/en
Publication of NO137623C publication Critical patent/NO137623C/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02Details
    • H04J3/12Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q11/00Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/04Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)

Description

Lett bevegelig smøremiddelManding. Light moving lubricant Manding.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår smøre-middelblandinger som er egnet for veiv-kasser, sylindersmøring for forbrennings-motorer, særlig dieselmotorer og drift av slike motorer. Smøremiddelblandingen iføl-ge foreliggende oppfinnelse er særlig egnet for smøring av sylindre i forbrennings-motorer som drives av restbrennstoffer, blandinger av restbrennstoffer, destillatbrennstoffer eller destillatbrennstoffer som danner en stor mengde sure produkter ved forbrenning. Destillatbrennstoffer som danner en stor mengde sure produkter ved forbrenning, omfatter slike som har totalt svovelinnhold på minst 0,1 vekts-pst. The present invention relates to lubricant mixtures which are suitable for crankcases, cylinder lubrication for internal combustion engines, particularly diesel engines and the operation of such engines. The lubricant mixture according to the present invention is particularly suitable for the lubrication of cylinders in combustion engines which are powered by residual fuels, mixtures of residual fuels, distillate fuels or distillate fuels which form a large amount of acidic products during combustion. Distillate fuels which form a large amount of acidic products on combustion include those which have a total sulfur content of at least 0.1% by weight.

Bruken av de ovenfor nevnte brennstoffer er fordelaktige på grunn av de lave omkostninger, men det er blitt funnet at bruken av disse medfører unormalt høy sylinderslitasje på grunn av nærvær av forskjellige uorganiske stoffer slik som svovel og i noen tilfeller av vanadium og na-trium. Renheten av motorer som bruker slike brennstoffer er også utilfredsstillende. The use of the above-mentioned fuels is advantageous due to the low costs, but it has been found that their use causes abnormally high cylinder wear due to the presence of various inorganic substances such as sulfur and in some cases vanadium and sodium. The cleanliness of engines using such fuels is also unsatisfactory.

Det er nå funnet at sylinderslitasje og renheten av motorer som drives av slike brennstoffer kan forbedres betraktelig ved at man anvender en spesiell type smøre-middelblanding for sylindrene. It has now been found that cylinder wear and the cleanliness of engines powered by such fuels can be improved considerably by using a special type of lubricant mixture for the cylinders.

Ifølge oppfinnelsen fremskaffes en lett bevegelig smøremiddelblanding, omfat-tende en smøreolje hvori det er oppløst According to the invention, an easily mobile lubricant mixture is provided, comprising a lubricating oil in which it is dissolved

a. opp til 40 pst., fortrinnsvis 5—25 vekts-pst. av blandingen av en tilsetning som består av en blanding av polymere organiske aluminiumforbindelser med den ge-nerelle formel: a. up to 40%, preferably 5-25% by weight. of the mixture of an additive consisting of a mixture of polymeric organic aluminum compounds with the general formula:

hvor n er et helt tall som er større enn 1 og R er et mettet eller umettet alkyl eller arylradikal som inneholder 6—30, særlig 12—20 karbonatomer og, where n is an integer greater than 1 and R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl or aryl radical containing 6-30, especially 12-20 carbon atoms and,

b. en mindre mengde, fortrinnsvis 0,5—5 vekts-pst. av blandingen av cetylalkohol. Det skal forståes at tilsetningen (a) kan bestå av en blanding av molekyler med for-skjellig molekylarvekt. Fortrinnsvis er den fremherskende polymere en slik hvor n er lik 3. Det skal også forståes at tilsetningen (a) kan inneholde forskjellige alkyl eller arylradikaler, enndog i samme molekyl. b. a smaller amount, preferably 0.5-5% by weight. of the mixture of cetyl alcohol. It should be understood that the additive (a) can consist of a mixture of molecules with different molecular weights. Preferably, the predominant polymer is one where n is equal to 3. It should also be understood that the addition (a) may contain different alkyl or aryl radicals, even in the same molecule.

Smøremiddeloljen som anvendes i blandingen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, er fortrinnsvis en mineralsk smøremiddel-olje, særlig en SAE 30, 40 eller 50. The lubricant oil used in the mixture according to the present invention is preferably a mineral lubricant oil, in particular an SAE 30, 40 or 50.

De polymere organiske aluminiumforbindelser som anvendes i blandingen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er forbindelser som reagerer med vann slik at det dannes hydroksyaluminiumacylater (dvs. forbindelser med formel (HO)2A100CR eller HOAl(OOCR)2) og som har to eller flere aluminiumatomer pr. molekyl, idet alumi-niumatomene er bundet til hverandre over enkle oksygenatomer og hvert aluminium-atom har minst én forbindelse med en acy-latgruppe (dvs. en gruppe med formel The polymeric organic aluminum compounds used in the mixture according to the present invention are compounds which react with water so that hydroxyaluminum acylates are formed (i.e. compounds with the formula (HO)2A100CR or HOAl(OOCR)2) and which have two or more aluminum atoms per molecule, in that the aluminum atoms are bound to each other via single oxygen atoms and each aluminum atom has at least one connection with an acylate group (i.e. a group with the formula

RCOO-). RCOO-).

De polymere organiske aluminiumforbindelser kan fremstilles ved å oppvarme aluminiumalkoholater med vann og kar-bonsyrer (f. eks. stearin, olein eller ben-sosyrer) i ett eller flere trinn, fortrinnsvis i et inert ikke flyktig fortynningsmiddel slik som en lett smøremiddelolje. Denne fremgangsmåte er beskrevet i detalj i det The polymeric organic aluminum compounds can be prepared by heating aluminum alcoholates with water and carboxylic acids (e.g. stearic, oleic or benzoic acids) in one or more steps, preferably in an inert non-volatile diluent such as a light lubricating oil. This method is described in detail therein

britiske patent nr. 825 878 og i det au- British Patent No. 825,878 and in that au-

stralske patent nr. 29.673/57. Som et alter- Australian patent no. 29,673/57. As an alter-

nativ kan de fremstilles ved oppvarmning av aluminiumalkoholater med karbonsyre slik at alkohol frigjøres, og det dannes acyloksy-aluminiumalkoholatforbindelser, native, they can be produced by heating aluminum alcoholates with carbonic acid so that alcohol is released, and acyloxy aluminum alcoholate compounds are formed,

og videre opphetning av de siste forbindel- and further heating of the last connections

ser. Denne fremgangsmåte er beskrevet i det britiske patent nr. 806 113. looking. This method is described in British Patent No. 806,113.

Visse av de polymere organiske aluminiumforbindelser som er beskrevet ovenfor går når de oppløses i smøremiddeloljer over til å danne konsistensfett sammen med oljen i nærvær av vann og når det anven- Certain of the polymeric organic aluminum compounds described above, when dissolved in lubricating oils, turn to form grease consistency together with the oil in the presence of water and when used

des slike materialer til å fremstille smøre-middelblandinger ifølge foreliggende opp- such materials to produce lubricant mixtures according to the present invention

finnelse er det nødvendig å tilsette et an-tigeleringsmiddel for å sikre at blandin- invention, it is necessary to add an anti-gelling agent to ensure that the mixture

gene forblir i bevegelig tilstand i bruk. |3-hydroksykinolin er blitt funnet å være et særlig egnet antigelatineringsmiddel for dette formål genes remain in a mobile state in use. |3-Hydroxyquinoline has been found to be a particularly suitable antigelatinant for this purpose

Visse av de foretrukne polymere or- Certain of the preferred polymeric or-

ganiske aluminiumforbindelser for bruk i blandinger ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er tilgjengelig i hendelen under varemerke «Manalox». Et slikt i handelen tilgjengelig stoff (i det følgende kalt tilsetning M) ble fremstilt som følger. Et mol aluminiumiso-propoksyd ble reagert med to mol olein- ganic aluminum compounds for use in compositions according to the present invention are available commercially under the trademark "Manalox". Such a commercially available substance (hereinafter called additive M) was prepared as follows. One mole of aluminum iso-propoxide was reacted with two moles of olein-

syre ved en temperatur som steg til ca. acid at a temperature which rose to approx.

300° C. To mol isopropanol destillerte over under reaksjonen og det ble anvendt svakt vakuum ved slutten av reaksjonen for å 300° C. Two moles of isopropanol distilled over during the reaction and a weak vacuum was applied at the end of the reaction to

fjerne de siste spor av isopropanol. Pro- remove the last traces of isopropanol. Pro-

duktet bestod av en blanding av omtrent like mengder i vekt av isopropyloleat og en aluminiumforbindelse som ble antatt å the duct consisted of a mixture of approximately equal amounts by weight of isopropyl oleate and an aluminum compound believed to

bestå vesentlig av molekyler med formel I, consist essentially of molecules of formula I,

hvori R er et oleylradikal (syren RCOOH where R is an oleyl radical (the acid RCOOH

er oleinsyre) og den fremherskende poly- is oleic acid) and the predominant poly-

mere er en slik hvor n er lik 3. more is such that n is equal to 3.

Oppfinnelsen er anvendelig ved drift The invention is applicable in operation

av forbrenningsmotor, særlig dieselmotor, of combustion engine, especially diesel engine,

f. eks. en marine-dieselmotor som drives med et brennstoff som har et totalt svovelinnhold på minst 0,1 pst., særlig minst 0,5 vekts-pst. f. eks. et restbrennstoff hvor sylindersmøringen fremkalles ved hjelp av en lett bevegelig smøremiddelblanding som angitt ovenfor ifølge foreliggende opp- e.g. a marine diesel engine that is operated with a fuel that has a total sulfur content of at least 0.1%, in particular at least 0.5% by weight. e.g. a residual fuel where the cylinder lubrication is induced by means of an easily mobile lubricant mixture as stated above according to the present

finnelse. invention.

I det følgende vil det bli beskrevet et eksempel på oppfinnelsen. In the following, an example of the invention will be described.

Eksempel. Example.

Det ble utført et antall sammenhen- A number of connections were made

gende prøver på en Ruston-motor (en ho- running tests on a Ruston engine (a high-

risontal, en-sylindret dieselmotor med langsom hastighet som har separat sylin- horizontal, single-cylinder, slow-speed diesel engine having separate cyl-

dersmøring), idet det i alle tilfeller ble an- lubrication), as in all cases it was

vendt et restbrennstoff som hadde en vis- turned a residual fuel that had a vis-

kositet ved 37° C på 1500 sekunder Red- cosity at 37° C in 1500 seconds Red-

wood I, et svovelinnhold på 3,49 vekts-pst., wood I, a sulfur content of 3.49% by weight,

et askeinnhold på 0,027 vekts-pst. og idet det ble anvendt følgende lett bevegelige smøremiddelblandinger som sylindersmø-remiddel. an ash content of 0.027% by weight. and when the following easily mobile lubricant mixtures were used as cylinder lubricant.

Resultatene av prøvene i løpet av 100 The results of the tests during the 100

timers drift for hver er angitt i følgende tabell. hours of operation for each are indicated in the following table.

Det vil sees at ved å drive Ruston-motoren, idet det anvendes smøremiddel-blanding ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse (blanding D), var forings- og toppringsli- It will be seen that by operating the Ruston engine, using the lubricant mixture according to the present invention (mixture D), liner and top ring lubrication was

tasjen lavere enn når det anvendes en hvilken som helst av de andre blandinger. rate lower than when using any of the other mixtures.

Claims (1)

Lett bevegelig smøremiddelblanding, spesielt for smøring av sylindrene i dieselmotorer, særlig marinedieselmotorer som drives med et brennstoff som inneholder minst 0,1 vekts-pst., spesielt minst 0,5 vekts-pst. svovel, for eksempel et restbrennstoff, og som vesentlig består av en smøreolje, for eksempel en mineralsk smø-Light mobile lubricant mixture, in particular for lubricating the cylinders of diesel engines, in particular marine diesel engines operated with a fuel containing at least 0.1% by weight, especially at least 0.5% by weight. sulphur, for example a residual fuel, and which essentially consists of a lubricating oil, for example a mineral lubricant reolje, fortrinnsvis med en SAE-grad på 30, 40 eller 50, hvori det er oppløst opptil 40, fortrinnsvis 5—25 vekts-pst. av en tilsetning bestående av en blanding av polymere aluminiumforbindelser med den ge-nerelle formel:sheave oil, preferably with an SAE grade of 30, 40 or 50, in which up to 40, preferably 5-25 wt-% is dissolved. of an additive consisting of a mixture of polymeric aluminum compounds with the general formula: hvor n er større enn 1, fortrinnsvis av for- bindelser hvor n = 3 er fremherskende, og R er et mettet eller umettet alkyl eller aryl radikal inneholdende 6—30, fortrinnsvis 12—20 karbonatomer, idet R for eksempel er et oleylradikal, karakterisert ved at smøremiddelblandingen også inneholder en mindre mengde cetyl-alkohol, for eksempel 0,5—5 vekts-pst. av den totale blanding.where n is greater than 1, preferably of compounds where n = 3 is predominant, and R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl or aryl radical containing 6-30, preferably 12-20 carbon atoms, where R is for example an oleyl radical, characterized in that the lubricant mixture also contains a small amount of cetyl alcohol, for example 0.5-5 by weight - pst. of the total mixture.
NO4080/73A 1972-10-24 1973-10-22 PROCEDURE ON THE TRANSMITTER SIDE INCLUDES BINARY SIGNALIZATION SIGNS IN A SEQUENCE OF TIME MULTIPLEX SIGNALS AND CONNECTING DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE PROCEDURE NO137623C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1552672 1972-10-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO137623B true NO137623B (en) 1977-12-12
NO137623C NO137623C (en) 1978-03-29

Family

ID=4409811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO4080/73A NO137623C (en) 1972-10-24 1973-10-22 PROCEDURE ON THE TRANSMITTER SIDE INCLUDES BINARY SIGNALIZATION SIGNS IN A SEQUENCE OF TIME MULTIPLEX SIGNALS AND CONNECTING DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE PROCEDURE

Country Status (13)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5513173B2 (en)
AT (1) AT327297B (en)
BE (1) BE806462A (en)
CH (1) CH547040A (en)
DE (1) DE2340435C3 (en)
FI (1) FI58239C (en)
FR (1) FR2204092B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1443803A (en)
IL (1) IL43468A (en)
IT (1) IT1014513B (en)
NL (1) NL7314497A (en)
NO (1) NO137623C (en)
SE (1) SE388990B (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1910976C2 (en) * 1969-03-04 1975-01-16 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Method and circuit arrangement for the transmission of switching indicators in a PCM time division multiplex telecommunications system, in particular with PCM time division multiplex telephone exchanges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA863773A (en) 1975-04-15
SE388990B (en) 1976-10-18
FR2204092A1 (en) 1974-05-17
DE2340435A1 (en) 1974-05-09
DE2340435B2 (en) 1975-08-21
JPS5047514A (en) 1975-04-28
JPS5513173B2 (en) 1980-04-07
IT1014513B (en) 1977-04-30
AU6147373A (en) 1975-04-17
GB1443803A (en) 1976-07-28
DE2340435C3 (en) 1980-12-18
FR2204092B1 (en) 1979-03-09
BE806462A (en) 1974-04-24
FI58239C (en) 1980-12-10
NO137623C (en) 1978-03-29
IL43468A (en) 1976-06-30
FI58239B (en) 1980-08-29
IL43468A0 (en) 1974-01-14
CH547040A (en) 1974-03-15
NL7314497A (en) 1974-04-26
AT327297B (en) 1976-01-26

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