NO137266B - RING NOZLE FOR EXTRUTERS. - Google Patents
RING NOZLE FOR EXTRUTERS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO137266B NO137266B NO2592/72A NO259272A NO137266B NO 137266 B NO137266 B NO 137266B NO 2592/72 A NO2592/72 A NO 2592/72A NO 259272 A NO259272 A NO 259272A NO 137266 B NO137266 B NO 137266B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- ring
- heating
- inlet
- outer ring
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/87—Cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/865—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92647—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92704—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92904—Die; Nozzle zone
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
Description
Denne-oppfinnelse angår en ringdyse for ekstrudere, særlig blåsehode til fremstilling av slangeformede folier av termoplastmaterialer, med en faststående dor og en sentrerbar ytre ring som kan oppvarmes resp. avkjøles ved hjelp av i denne anordnede kanaler med innløps- og utløpsåpninger for et oppvarmnings- resp. kjøle-medium. This invention relates to a ring nozzle for extruders, in particular a blowing head for the production of tube-shaped foils of thermoplastic materials, with a fixed mandrel and a centerable outer ring which can be heated or cooled by means of channels arranged in this with inlet and outlet openings for a heating resp. cooling medium.
Det er kjent å forarbeide termoplaster ved blåsemetoden på en ekstruder eller strengpresse med forankoblet ringdyse til slangeformede folier. Man skjelner i almindelighet mellom to typer ringdyser, nemlig vinkelblåsehode og blåsehode med rettlinjet gjen-nomgang. Dén siste type blåsehode foretrekkes vanligvis på grunn av at det her er like lange strømningsbaner for plasten. Ved anvendelse av blåsehoder med rettlinjede strømningsbaner forekommer det imidlertid ofte markeringer på foliene, mens det ved virikel-hoder, hvor plastmassen føres omkring kjernen, avtegner seg en søm på folien. It is known to process thermoplastics by the blowing method on an extruder or string press with a pre-connected ring nozzle into snake-shaped foils. A distinction is generally made between two types of ring nozzles, namely angled blowing heads and blowing heads with rectilinear passage. The latter type of blow head is usually preferred because here there are equally long flow paths for the plastic. When using blow heads with rectilinear flow paths, however, markings often occur on the foils, while with virikel heads, where the plastic mass is guided around the core, a seam is visible on the foil.
For ikke å påvirke fremstillingstoleransene resp. overflatebeskaffen-heten av dé blåste folier, må det ikke forekomme noen vesentlige trykk- resp. temperaturgradienter i området for dysemunningen. In order not to affect the manufacturing tolerances or the surface quality of the blown foils, there must not be any significant pressure or temperature gradients in the area of the nozzle mouth.
Ifølge et kjent verktøy for plastisk forming av plast (tysk Gebrauchsmuster 1.914.830) utføres den indre dor som en varmeveksler over hele sin overflate. According to a known tool for the plastic forming of plastics (German Gebrauchsmuster 1,914,830), the inner mandrel is designed as a heat exchanger over its entire surface.
Det er videre kjent en ringdyse for ekstrudére til fremstilling av rør og slanger av plastmateriale (DAS 1.097.661) hvor der for oppnåelse av et forutbestemt tem<p>eratumivå er anbragt elektriske hete-elementer omkring sprøytehodet. There is also known a ring nozzle for extruding for the production of pipes and hoses of plastic material (DAS 1,097,661) where, in order to achieve a predetermined temperature level, electric heating elements are placed around the spray head.
Endelig blir det i tysk søknadspublikasjon 1.933.920 og I sveit-sisk patentskrift 324.782 beskrevet sprøytehoder som besørger en oppvarmning av dor og ytre hus ved hjelp av radielt anordnede og spiralforløpende kanaler med hver sin tilførsels- og utløpsåpning for oppvarmnings- og kjølemediet, henholdsvis en oppvarmning gjen-nom boringer utformet i dorholderen. Finally, in German application publication 1,933,920 and in Swiss patent publication 324,782, spray heads are described which provide heating of the mandrel and outer housing by means of radially arranged and spirally extending channels, each with its own supply and outlet opening for the heating and cooling medium, respectively a heating through bores designed in the mandrel holder.
Disse kjente innretninger er imidlertid ikke tilfredsstillende i alle henseender, idet f.eks. betingelsene med hensyn til jevn oppvarmning resp. kjøling eller jevn mekanisk påkjenning av plastsmelten bare oppfylles i liten grad eller.tykkelsestpleransene av det ekstruderte produkt er for store og overflatekvaliteten av den slangeformede folie påvirkes på en uheldig, måte. En fritt valgbar temperaturprofil langs omkretsen av den ytre ring henholdsvis dysespalten kan ikke bli oppnådd med de kjente innretninger. However, these known devices are not satisfactory in all respects, as e.g. the conditions with regard to uniform heating or cooling or uniform mechanical stressing of the plastic melt is only fulfilled to a small extent or the thickness variations of the extruded product are too large and the surface quality of the snake-shaped foil is adversely affected. A freely selectable temperature profile along the circumference of the outer ring or the nozzle gap cannot be achieved with the known devices.
Oppfinnelsen har til oppgave å.eliminere uensartede, temperatursoner som skyldes forskjellig strømningshastighet pg.strømningsbaner. The invention has the task of eliminating non-uniform temperature zones caused by different flow rates due to flow paths.
Denne , oppgave, løses ifølge oppfinnelsen derved at den ytre ring er oppdelt i flere tempereringssegmenter som består av fra fire til seksten tempereringskammere med adskilte innløps-, og utløps-åpninger for oppvarmnings- resp. kjølemediet samt et i.og for seg kjent båndformet hete-relement ved den.ytre omkrets, av den ytre ring. According to the invention, this task is solved in that the outer ring is divided into several tempering segments which consist of from four to sixteen tempering chambers with separate inlet and outlet openings for heating or the coolant as well as a band-shaped heating element known per se at the outer circumference of the outer ring.
Ifølge et videre trekk ved oppfinnelsen er der i innløpskanalen anordnet en isolert støtplate. According to a further feature of the invention, an insulated impact plate is arranged in the inlet channel.
Opprettholdelsen av en forutbestemt temperaturprofil langs.omkretsen av dysespalten i ringdysen skjer ved hjelp av den segmentvise styring av de enkelte tempereringssegmenter under anvendelse av i og for seg kjente reguleringselementer (ikke vist på tegningen). Herved er det mulig direkte å innvirke på strømningsforholdene av plastsmelten i dysespalten, hvorved det sikres at det ekstruderte produkt fremstilles med. en optimal fordeling av tykkelsestoleransen. Dessuten er det.mulig ved egnet valg av.temperaturfordelingen i de termisk styrte soner i ringdysen å innvirke, på overflatestrukturen av den slangeformede folie, f.eks. i form av et ønsket mikrosmelte-brudd eller oppnåelse av en spesiell transparens. Videre elimineres ved utnyttelse av de regulerings- og styringstekniske muligheter en mekanisk justering av dysespalten, som ved. hittil kjente folieblåse-hoder er ubetinget nødvendig for oppnåelse av de forlangte tykkel-ses toleranser.... ...... -.. r';The maintenance of a predetermined temperature profile along the circumference of the nozzle gap in the ring nozzle takes place by means of the segment-wise control of the individual tempering segments using per se known control elements (not shown in the drawing). Hereby, it is possible to directly influence the flow conditions of the plastic melt in the die gap, thereby ensuring that the extruded product is produced with. an optimal distribution of the thickness tolerance. In addition, it is possible, by suitable selection of the temperature distribution in the thermally controlled zones in the ring nozzle, to influence the surface structure of the snake-shaped foil, e.g. in the form of a desired micromelting fracture or the achievement of a special transparency. Furthermore, by utilizing the regulation and control technical possibilities, a mechanical adjustment of the nozzle gap is eliminated, as in hitherto known foil blowing heads are absolutely necessary to achieve the required thickness tolerances... ...... -.. r';
En utførelses form for en ringdyse. ifølge oppfinnelsen er-; skjema-tisk illustrert på figurene 1 og 2, som gir et overblikk over funksjonen av de enkelte konstruksjonselementer av ringdysen Ifølge oppfinnelsen.... - An embodiment of an annular nozzle. according to the invention is-; schematically illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, which gives an overview of the function of the individual construction elements of the ring nozzle According to the invention... -
Figur 1 viser et lengdesnitt og figur 2 et tverrsnitt av ringdysen efter planet ...I-I på •figur 1.., Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section and figure 2 a cross section of the ring nozzle according to the plane ...I-I on •figure 1..,
Ifølge figur 1 består ringdysen i det vesentligste av en faststående dor 8 og en sentrerbar ytre ring 1, i hvilken det er anbragt aksiale tempereringskammere 2. Hensiktsmessig fra fire til seksten,.fordel-aktig fra seks til ti slike tempereringskammere 2 som er utført med adskilte innløpsåpninger 3 og utløpsåpninger 4 for oppvarmnings-resp. kjølemediet er sammenfattet med -et oppvarmningsbånd 5 til; et tempereringssegment 9 (figur 2). i almindelighet er det anordnet fra fire til tolv tempereringssegmenter 9 langs den ytre ring. 1. i Som oppvarmnings-, resp. kjølemedium kommer luft og olje i betrakt-ning. Ved den viste anordning av tempereringskammerne ,2 er det sørget for en optimal;turbulens av.luften resp. oljen. Ved tilpas-ning av utløpsåpningene 4 i den øvre del. av tempereringssegmentene kan trykkfallet og dermed.strømningshastigheten fortempere r ing s^. mediet innstilles på en optimal verdi. Dessuten sørges det herved om nødvendig for fjernelse av luft. For å unngå lokal avkjøling er det i innløpskanalen 3' anordnet en isolert støtplate 6. De mellom de enkelte tempereringskammerne 2 anordnede skillevegger 10 er dimensjonert slik at det finner sted en tilstrekkelig varmeover-gang fra de ved den ytre omkrets av den ytre ring 1 anbragte, elek-trisk oppvarmede hetebånd 5 til den i dysespalten 7 flytende plast-smelte. Det ytre hetebånd 5 er fortrinnsvis oppdelt i like mange segmenter som den ytre ring 1 inneholder tempereringssegmenter 9, men. kan også være anbragt som et hetebånd med samme varmefordeling langs omkretsen. According to Figure 1, the ring nozzle essentially consists of a fixed mandrel 8 and a centerable outer ring 1, in which axial tempering chambers 2 are arranged. Appropriately from four to sixteen, advantageously from six to ten such tempering chambers 2 which are made with separate inlet openings 3 and outlet openings 4 for heating or the refrigerant is combined with -a heating band 5 more; a tempering segment 9 (Figure 2). in general, from four to twelve tempering segments 9 are arranged along the outer ring. 1. in As heating, resp. refrigerant, air and oil are taken into account. With the shown arrangement of the tempering chambers 2, optimal turbulence of the air or the oil. When adapting the outlet openings 4 in the upper part. of the tempering segments the pressure drop and thus.the flow rate can pretemper r ing s^. the medium is set to an optimal value. In addition, this ensures that air is removed if necessary. In order to avoid local cooling, an insulated impact plate 6 is arranged in the inlet channel 3'. The partition walls 10 arranged between the individual tempering chambers 2 are dimensioned so that a sufficient heat transfer takes place from those arranged at the outer circumference of the outer ring 1 , electrically heated hot bands 5 until the liquid plastic melt in the nozzle gap 7. The outer heating band 5 is preferably divided into as many segments as the outer ring 1 contains tempering segments 9, but. can also be placed as a heating band with the same heat distribution along the circumference.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19712140194 DE2140194C3 (en) | 1971-08-11 | Ring nozzle for extrusion presses |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO137266B true NO137266B (en) | 1977-10-24 |
| NO137266C NO137266C (en) | 1978-02-01 |
Family
ID=5816433
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO2592/72A NO137266C (en) | 1971-08-11 | 1972-07-19 | RING NOZLE FOR EXTRUTERS. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5744453B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1015911A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK136297C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2148518B3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1396164A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT961920B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO137266C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE373530B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA725514B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2557879A1 (en) * | 1984-01-06 | 1985-07-12 | Neste Oy | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAPED ARTICLES CONTAINING A CROSSLINKED POLYOLEFIN |
| EP0180571A3 (en) * | 1984-09-11 | 1986-11-26 | Erwin Hartl | Extrusion die arrangement and automatic centering extrusion method |
| DE8430508U1 (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1985-02-28 | Windmöller & Hölscher, 4540 Lengerich | EXTRUSION NOZZLE FOR A BLOWHEAD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC BLOW FILMS |
| DE3518155A1 (en) * | 1985-05-21 | 1986-11-27 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co Maschinenfabrik, 5210 Troisdorf | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PLASTIC FILM WITH A LOW THICKNESS TOLERANCE |
| US4882104A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1989-11-21 | Cincinnati Milacron, Inc. | Method of controlling the thickness of an extruded plastic article |
| JPH0745168B2 (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1995-05-17 | テルモ株式会社 | Method and device for manufacturing annular thermoplastic resin film having rough inner surface |
| US5248472A (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1993-09-28 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of and apparatus for manufacturing tubular thermoplastic resin film having a rough inner surface |
| DE102013112028B4 (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2022-11-10 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Extrusion tool with a heater and method for producing a plastic tube |
| DE102013108045B9 (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2017-09-21 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Blown film extrusion apparatus, temperature control for a blown film extrusion apparatus and method for temperature control of a blown film extrusion apparatus |
| CN107214926A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-29 | 六安市洁美再生物资回收有限公司 | A kind of stereoscopic heating type plastic extrusion machine head |
| CN107379574A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-11-24 | 江西中煜程塑业股份有限公司 | PVC O tubing one step processing devices |
| JP7402778B2 (en) | 2020-10-12 | 2023-12-21 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Extrusion molding machine and molded product manufacturing method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3438088A (en) * | 1967-01-19 | 1969-04-15 | Beloit Corp | Control for maintaining uniform gauge on blown film |
-
1972
- 1972-07-19 NO NO2592/72A patent/NO137266C/en unknown
- 1972-08-03 JP JP47077362A patent/JPS5744453B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-08-07 FR FR7228459A patent/FR2148518B3/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-08-08 IT IT52060/72A patent/IT961920B/en active
- 1972-08-09 SE SE7210340A patent/SE373530B/en unknown
- 1972-08-09 CA CA149,312A patent/CA1015911A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-10 GB GB3733672A patent/GB1396164A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-10 DK DK394172A patent/DK136297C/en active
- 1972-08-10 ZA ZA725514A patent/ZA725514B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4826850A (en) | 1973-04-09 |
| DK136297C (en) | 1978-02-20 |
| NO137266C (en) | 1978-02-01 |
| IT961920B (en) | 1973-12-10 |
| DE2140194A1 (en) | 1973-02-22 |
| CA1015911A (en) | 1977-08-23 |
| JPS5744453B2 (en) | 1982-09-21 |
| DK136297B (en) | 1977-09-26 |
| FR2148518B3 (en) | 1975-10-03 |
| FR2148518A1 (en) | 1973-03-23 |
| GB1396164A (en) | 1975-06-04 |
| SE373530B (en) | 1975-02-10 |
| DE2140194B2 (en) | 1975-06-12 |
| ZA725514B (en) | 1973-07-25 |
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