NO134997B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO134997B
NO134997B NO3228/71A NO322871A NO134997B NO 134997 B NO134997 B NO 134997B NO 3228/71 A NO3228/71 A NO 3228/71A NO 322871 A NO322871 A NO 322871A NO 134997 B NO134997 B NO 134997B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
coating
solvent
steam
objects
thickness
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Application number
NO3228/71A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO134997C (en
Inventor
E E Edstedt
Original Assignee
Gen Electric
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Application filed by Gen Electric filed Critical Gen Electric
Publication of NO134997B publication Critical patent/NO134997B/no
Publication of NO134997C publication Critical patent/NO134997C/no

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04Air inlet arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F23R3/14Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte til å påføre gjenstander et overtrekk med valgt tykkelse av filmdannende materialer. Method of applying a coating of selected thickness of film-forming materials to objects.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en The present invention relates to a

fremgangsmåte til å regulere filmtykkelsen ved en overtrekningsprosess som utføres i en atmosfære av oppløsningsmiddeldamp. Mere spesielt angår oppfinnelsen en sprøy-temalingsprosess ved hvilken der anvendes klorerte hydrocarboner som det hovedsakelige oppløsningsmiddel for malingen og som utføres i en atmosfære av damper fra det kokende oppløsningsmiddel med øvrige ma-lingsbestanddeler ved vanlig trykk. method of controlling the film thickness by a coating process carried out in an atmosphere of solvent vapor. More particularly, the invention relates to a spray painting process in which chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as the main solvent for the paint and which is carried out in an atmosphere of vapors from the boiling solvent with other paint components at ordinary pressure.

Hittil har overtrekningsprosesser om-fattende bruken av varme oppløsningsmid-ler vanligvis blitt utført ved at gjenstandene ble dyppet i en malingsoppløsning oppvarmet til en temperatur noe under kokepunktet og derpå hurtig uttatt via en minimal sone av oppløsningsmiddeldamper. En prosess av denne type ble ifølge U.S. patentskrift nr. 2 728 686 brukt av Bo-rushko. Ifølge U.S..patentskrift nr. 2 763 575 (Bede.) er det kjent å sprøyte varm maling på artikler i luften ved romtemperatur. Ved disse fremgangsmåter kan over.trekks-tykkelsen reguleres ved å påføre flere ma-lingslag eller ved å regulere viskositeten eller konsentrasjonen av overtrekksmate-•rialene i malingen. Fremgangsmåter av denne type krever etterbehandling av ar-tikkelen eller justering av malingens sammensetning hver gang man .ønsker en for-andring i overtrekkstykkelsen. •Foreliggende oppfinnelse tar sikte på å skaffe en forenklet prosess til å regulere overtrekkstykkelsen ved slike påsprøyt-ningsprosesser. Denne fremgangsmåte kan videre utføres som 'en kontinuerlig prosess. Hitherto, coating processes involving the use of hot solvents have usually been carried out by dipping the objects into a paint solution heated to a temperature slightly below the boiling point and then rapidly withdrawn via a minimal zone of solvent vapor. A process of this type was, according to U.S. patent document no. 2 728 686 used by Bo-rushko. According to U.S. Patent No. 2,763,575 (Bede.), it is known to spray hot paint on articles in the air at room temperature. With these methods, the coating thickness can be regulated by applying several layers of paint or by regulating the viscosity or concentration of the coating materials in the paint. Methods of this type require finishing the article or adjusting the composition of the paint every time a change in the coating thickness is desired. • The present invention aims to provide a simplified process for regulating the coating thickness in such spraying processes. This method can further be carried out as a continuous process.

Oppfinnelsen angår således en frem- The invention thus relates to a

gangsmåte til å påføre gjenstander et overtrekk med valgt tykkelse av filmdannende materialer hvor en flytende blanding av et flyktig oppløsningsmiddel og overtrekksmateriale holdes ved kokepunktet slik at man over væsken får damp som hovedsakelig består av oppløsningsmidlet, og hvor gjenstandene holdes i oppløsningsmiddel-dampen tilstrekkelig lenge til at de får dampens temperatur, og deretter påføres den flytende overtrekksblanding ved på-sprøytning, påstrykning eller dy.pping, og det karakteristiske hovedtrekk er at gjenstandene etter at overtrekket er påført holdes i dampen i minst 5 sekunder og tilstrekkelig lenge til å redusere filmtykkelsen .til den ønskede tykkelse, hvorpå gjenstandene uttas fra dampen og kjøles til romtemperatur. Denne fremgangsmåte gjør det mulig å erholde overtrekk med forskjellige ønskede tykkelser på gjenstander som be-handles ved hjelp av den samme .påsprøyt-ningsteknikk, i den samme apparatur og ved bruk av den samme overtrekksoppløs-ning. Ved en kontinuerlig prosess betyr dette at det eneste varierende trinn som behøves for regulering av overtrekkstykkelsen er det siste prosesstrinn, og dette trinn kan lett modifiseres uten endringer i apparatur eller materialer. method of applying a coating to objects with a selected thickness of film-forming materials, where a liquid mixture of a volatile solvent and coating material is held at the boiling point so that a vapor consisting mainly of the solvent is obtained above the liquid, and where the objects are kept in the solvent vapor for a sufficient time to that they get the temperature of the steam, and then the liquid coating mixture is applied by spraying, brushing on or dipping, and the main characteristic is that after the coating has been applied, the objects are kept in the steam for at least 5 seconds and long enough to reduce the film thickness. to the desired thickness, after which the objects are removed from the steam and cooled to room temperature. This method makes it possible to obtain coatings with different desired thicknesses on objects that are treated using the same spraying technique, in the same apparatus and using the same coating solution. In the case of a continuous process, this means that the only varying step needed to regulate the coating thickness is the last process step, and this step can be easily modified without changes in equipment or materials.

Som nevnt kan overtrekkstykkelsen varieres i en sprøytemalingsprosess ved at man varierer påsprøytningstiden og malingens sammensetning. Denne fremgangsmåte gir imidlertid bare en mindre varia-sjon da den mengde maling som vil bli til-bake på den påsprøytede overflate er be-grenset, og ensartede overtrekk kan ikke erholdes hvis påsprøytningstiden reduse-res altfor sterkt. Endringer i malingens sammensetning kan benyttes for å mo-difisere overtrekkstykkelsen ved dyppe-og påsprøytnings-prosesser, men krever nøyaktig kontroll av både sammensetning og temperatur, og sammensetningen må innstilles meget nøyaktig for å oppnå de ønskede variasjoner i overtrekkstykkelsen. As mentioned, the coating thickness can be varied in a spray painting process by varying the spraying time and the composition of the paint. However, this method only gives a minor variation as the amount of paint that will remain on the sprayed surface is limited, and uniform coatings cannot be obtained if the spraying time is reduced too much. Changes in the composition of the paint can be used to modify the coating thickness by dipping and spraying processes, but require precise control of both composition and temperature, and the composition must be set very precisely to achieve the desired variations in coating thickness.

Etter påsprøytningen er det viktig at overtrekket en kort tid utsettes for opp-løsningsmiddeldamper for oppnåelse av et jevnt overtrekk. Øyeblikkelig fjernelse av gjenstanden umiddelbart etter påsprøyt-ningen resulterer i et ujevnt overtrekk med en ruklet overflate, ofte som på en appel-sin. For oppnåelse av en jevn overflate må nevnte behandling med damper strekke seg over ca. 5 sekunder eller mere. Anvendes en lengere tid, har man funnet at overtrekket avtar jevnt i tykkelse inntil all maling til-slutt er fjernet. Tidsrommet på 10—60 sekunder er blitt funnet å gi jevne overtrekk med tykkelse på ca. 50—5 mikroner. After spraying, it is important that the coating is briefly exposed to solvent vapors to achieve an even coating. Immediate removal of the object immediately after spraying results in an uneven coating with a wrinkled surface, often like an orange. To achieve a smooth surface, said treatment with steam must extend over approx. 5 seconds or more. If used for a longer time, it has been found that the coating gradually decreases in thickness until all the paint has finally been removed. The time period of 10-60 seconds has been found to give uniform overlays with a thickness of approx. 50—5 microns.

Det flytende overtrekksmateriale kan inneholde hvilket som helst vanlig overtrekksmateriale som lett lar seg dispergere i det oppløsningsmiddel som anvendes. Dette overtrekksmateriale kan bestå av en filmdannende harpiks alene eller i forbindelse med et oppløselig fargestoff eller uoppløselig pigment. Findelte uoppløselige stoffer holdes i suspensjon ved hjelp av den blanding som bevirkes av kokingen og resirkuleringen gjennom systemet. Over-skudd av overtrekksmateriale og oversprøy-ting representerer ikke tap da det faller ned i malingsoppløsningen igjen. Egnede overtrekksmaterialer innbefatter alkyd-harpikser, asfalt, fenol-lakker, akrylhar-pikser, polyetylen, polystyren og noen overtrekksmaterialer på gummibasis. Den eneste begrensning er at overtrekksmaterialet må kunne dispergeres i det klorerte oppløs-ningsmiddel og forbli stabilt ved dettes kokepunkt. I alminnelighet foretrekkes materialer inneholdende ca. 50—90 % oppløs-ningsmiddel. Foretrukne oppløsningsmidler er de klorerte hydrocarbon-oppløsnings-midler: trikloretylen, perkloretylen og me-tylenklorid. De kvaliteter av disse oppløs-ningsmidler som vanligvis anvendes til av-fetting av metaller, egner seg godt. The liquid coating material may contain any conventional coating material which is easily dispersed in the solvent used. This coating material can consist of a film-forming resin alone or in conjunction with a soluble dye or insoluble pigment. Finely divided insoluble substances are kept in suspension by means of the mixing effected by the boiling and recirculation through the system. Excess coating material and overspray do not represent a loss as it falls back into the paint solution. Suitable coating materials include alkyd resins, asphalt, phenolic varnishes, acrylic resins, polyethylene, polystyrene and some rubber-based coating materials. The only limitation is that the coating material must be able to disperse in the chlorinated solvent and remain stable at its boiling point. In general, materials containing approx. 50-90% solvent. Preferred solvents are the chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents: trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene and methylene chloride. The qualities of these solvents which are usually used for degreasing metals are suitable.

Som nevnt kan fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen tilpasses for kontinuerlig så-vel som ikke-kontinuerlig anvendelse. Apparatur som vanligvis benyttes ved avfet-ting av metaller med klorerte hydrocar-bon-oppløsningsmidler, eksempelvis konvensjonelle avfettingsmidler i dampform, kan godt anvendes ved utførelsen av foreliggende fremgangsmåte. Gjenstander kan duppes separat i konvensjonell avfettingsapparatur for dampfase inneholdende den kokende væske som utgjør overtrekksmaterialet, og midler til påsprøytning i dampfasen etter behovet ved intermit-tent bruk av påsprøytningspumpen. Den kontinuerlige prosess kan utføres i en lang konvensjonell avfettingsapparatur med rektangulært tverrsnitt hvor gjenstandene transporteres gjennom oppløs-ningsmidlets damper på bånd. I apparatur av denne type beveges gjenstandene horisontalt gjennom en forvarmnings-dampsone, en sprøytemalingssone og en dampf ase-spylesone. I sådan apparatur kan den nedre del av avfettingsapparaturen være delt ved lave skillevegger som inneholder kokende oppløsningsmiddel i en for-varmnings-seksjon og kokende overtrekks-oppløsning i en påsprøytnings- og omspy-lingsseksjon. Mange alternative arrange-menter kan selvsagt lett finnes av fagfolk på området. I kontinuerlig apparatur av denne type kan omspylingstiden varieres ved anvendelse av transportbånd eller lik-nende som kan fjerne de ferdigmalte artikler etter varierende vandringslengder gjennom oppløsningsmiddeldampene eller ved å variere transportbåndets hastighet for-utsatt at slike endringer ikke reduserer for-varmnings- eller påsprøytningstiden til under tillatelige grenser. En kontinuerlig prosess av denne type kan også benyttes til automatisk å avfette artikler under for-varmningsperioden. As mentioned, the method according to the invention can be adapted for continuous as well as non-continuous use. Apparatus that is usually used for degreasing metals with chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, for example conventional degreasing agents in vapor form, can well be used when carrying out the present method. Items can be dipped separately in conventional degreasing equipment for the vapor phase containing the boiling liquid that makes up the coating material, and agents for spraying in the vapor phase as needed by intermittent use of the spraying pump. The continuous process can be carried out in a long conventional degreasing apparatus with a rectangular cross-section where the objects are transported through the solvent's vapors on belts. In apparatus of this type, the objects are moved horizontally through a pre-heating steam zone, a spray-painting zone and a steam-spray rinsing zone. In such apparatus, the lower part of the degreasing apparatus can be divided by low partitions containing boiling solvent in a pre-heating section and boiling coating solution in a spraying and flushing section. Many alternative arrangements can of course be easily found by professionals in the field. In continuous equipment of this type, the rinsing time can be varied by using a conveyor belt or the like which can remove the finished painted articles after varying travel lengths through the solvent vapors or by varying the speed of the conveyor belt, provided that such changes do not reduce the preheating or spraying time to below permissible limits. A continuous process of this type can also be used to automatically degrease articles during the pre-heating period.

Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen vil ytterligere belyses av det følgende eksempel, hvor prosent-angivelsene alle betyr vektprosent. The method according to the invention will be further illustrated by the following example, where the percentages all mean percentage by weight.

Eksempel 1: Example 1:

Et overtrekksmateriale bestående av 77,5 % trikloretylen som oppløsningsmid-del, 20,4 % linolje-modifisert alkydharpiks og 2,1 % kjønrøk-pigment ble plasert i en konvensjonell avfettingsapparatur for dampfase forsynt med kjølerør ved toppen for å hindre tap av oppløsningsmiddel, hvorved dampskiktet av oppløsningsmiddel ble omkring 60 cm høyt. Avfettingsapparaturen var også forsynt med sprøyteanord-ninger i dampfasen innbefattende sprøyte-hoder bestående av 60° koniske sprøyte-dyser og en pumpe til å drive varm maling gjennom dysene. Materialet ble så oppvarmet til koking og deretter oppvarmet slik at grenseflaten mellom luft og damp ble liggende ved kjølerørene ved appara-turens topp. En rekke strimler av stål, omkring 10 cm x 20 cm og ca. 1 mm tykke, ble sprøyte-malt i ovennevnte apparatur ved at hver strimmel ble holdt i dampene over det kokende oppløsningsmiddel inntil den var oppvarmet til dampenes temperatur og deretter sprøytemalt i ca. 30 sekunder. Tryk-ket på sprøytehodene ble herunder holdt på omkring 4,2 ato ved hjelp av pumpen. Strimlene ble så holdt i oppløsningsmid-deldampene i varierende tidsrom mellom 15 og 60 sekunder og derpå uttatt fra dampene. Overtrekkstykkelsen ble etter tørring målt på fire steder, nemlig to steder ca. 5 cm fra strimmelens topp og to steder ca. 5 cm fra strimmelens nedre kant. A coating material consisting of 77.5% trichlorethylene solvent, 20.4% linseed oil modified alkyd resin and 2.1% carbon black pigment was placed in a conventional vapor phase degreaser equipped with cooling tubes at the top to prevent solvent loss, whereby the vapor layer of solvent became about 60 cm high. The degreasing equipment was also equipped with spray devices in the vapor phase including spray heads consisting of 60° conical spray nozzles and a pump to drive hot paint through the nozzles. The material was then heated to boiling and then heated so that the interface between air and steam remained at the cooling pipes at the top of the apparatus. A number of strips of steel, about 10 cm x 20 cm and approx. 1 mm thick, was spray-milled in the above-mentioned apparatus by holding each strip in the vapors above the boiling solvent until it was heated to the temperature of the vapors and then spray-milled for approx. 30 seconds. The pressure on the spray heads was kept at around 4.2 ato using the pump. The strips were then held in the solvent vapors for varying periods of time between 15 and 60 seconds and then removed from the vapors. The coating thickness was after drying measured in four places, namely two places approx. 5 cm from the top of the strip and two places approx. 5 cm from the lower edge of the strip.

Strimlene hadde en jevn og ensartet film med tykkelse mellom 7,6 og 15,2 mikroner med bare svak kileform, omkring 5 mikroner pr. 10 cm i vertikalretningen. Strimlene hadde ved nedre kant en ubetydelig rand omtrent som den man får ved den konvensjonelle dyppeteknikk. The strips had a smooth and uniform film of thickness between 7.6 and 15.2 microns with only a slight wedge shape, about 5 microns per 10 cm in the vertical direction. The strips had an insignificant edge at the lower edge, much like the one you get with the conventional dipping technique.

Tabell I viser virkningen av oppholds-tiden i oppløsningsmiddeldampene, omspylingstiden, på overtrekkstykkelsen. Table I shows the effect of the residence time in the solvent vapors, the rinse time, on the coating thickness.

Det vil sees at foreliggende fremgangsmåte lett kan varieres innenfor oppfinnel-sens ramme. Fremgangsmåten kan også til-lempes til bruk i forbindelse med en lang It will be seen that the present method can easily be varied within the scope of the invention. The procedure can also be adapted for use in connection with a long

rekke forskjellige overtrekningsprosesser variety of different coating processes

innbefattende dryppe-prosessen. Skjønt including the dripping process. Though

klorerte hydrocarbon-oppløsningsmidler chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents

fretrekkes som det hovedsakelige oppløs-ningsmiddel i overtrekksoppløsningen, kan is extracted as the main solvent in the coating solution, can

også hydrocarboner, ketoner og andre på also hydrocarbons, ketones and others on

området anvendte oppløsningsmidler innbefattende blandede oppløsningsmidler anvendes. Forsøk har imidlertid vist at overtrekk som er mere motstandsdyktige over-for slag og saltkorrosjon kan erholdes med the range of solvents used including mixed solvents is used. Experiments have shown, however, that coatings that are more resistant to impact and salt corrosion can be obtained with

en gitt alkydharpiks når trikloretylen anvendes som oppløsningsmiddel enn man a given alkyd resin when trichloroethylene is used as solvent than man

kan oppnå med det samme filmdannede can achieve immediately film-formed

materiale ved bruk av et vanlig oppløs-ningsmiddel såsom naftaxylol VM & P. material using a common solvent such as naphthaxylol VM & P.

Claims (3)

1. Fremgangsmåte til å påføre gjenstander et overtrekk med valgt tykkelse av1. Procedure for applying a coating of selected thickness to objects filmdannende materialer hvor en flytende blanding av et flyktig oppløsningsmiddel og overtrekksmateriale holdes ved koke punktet slik at man over væsken får damp som hovedsakelig består av oppløsnings-midlet, og hvor gjenstandene holdes i opp-løsningsmiddeldampen tilstrekkelig lenge til at de får dampens temperatur, og deretter påføres den flytende overtrekksblanding ved påsprøyting, påstryking eller dyp-ping, karakterisert ved at gjenstandene etter at overtrekket er påført holdes i dampen i minst 5 sekunder og tilstrekkelig lenge til å redusere filmtykkelsen til den ønskede tykkelse, hvorpå gjenstandene uttas fra dampen og kjøles til romtemperatur. film-forming materials where a liquid mixture of a volatile solvent and coating material is kept at a boil the point so that above the liquid you get steam which mainly consists of the solvent, and where the objects are held in the solvent steam long enough for them to reach the temperature of the steam, and then the liquid coating mixture is applied by spraying, brushing or dipping, characterized by that after the coating has been applied, the objects are held in the steam for at least 5 seconds and long enough to reduce the film thickness to the desired thickness, after which the objects are removed from the steam and cooled to room temperature. 2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge påstand 1, karakterisert ved at der som flyktig opp-løsningsmiddel anvendes et klorert hydro-carbonoppløsningsmiddel valgt fra gruppen trikloretylen, perkloretylen og metylen-klorid. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent selected from the group of trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene and methylene chloride is used as volatile solvent. 3. Fremgangsmåte ifølge påstand 2, karakterisert ved at der anvendes en flytende blanding som inneholder 50—90 vektprosent av det flyktige oppløsningsmiddel, mens resten er det deri dispergerte filmdannende materialer.3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that a liquid mixture containing 50-90 percent by weight of the volatile solvent is used, while the remainder is the film-forming materials dispersed therein.
NO3228/71A 1970-12-02 1971-08-31 NO134997C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US094289A US3899884A (en) 1970-12-02 1970-12-02 Combustor systems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO134997B true NO134997B (en) 1976-10-11
NO134997C NO134997C (en) 1977-01-19

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US (1) US3899884A (en)
JP (1) JPS5521250B1 (en)
AU (1) AU452434B2 (en)
BE (1) BE771990A (en)
CA (1) CA943352A (en)
CH (1) CH537519A (en)
DE (1) DE2143012C3 (en)
DK (1) DK132539C (en)
FR (1) FR2116363B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1353335A (en)
NL (1) NL7111784A (en)
NO (1) NO134997C (en)

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CH537519A (en) 1973-05-31
DE2143012A1 (en) 1972-06-15
CA943352A (en) 1974-03-12
NL7111784A (en) 1972-06-06
FR2116363A1 (en) 1972-07-13
AU452434B2 (en) 1974-09-05
DK132539B (en) 1975-12-22
AU3263471A (en) 1973-03-01
DE2143012B2 (en) 1974-10-31
DE2143012C3 (en) 1975-06-12
JPS5521250B1 (en) 1980-06-09
US3899884A (en) 1975-08-19
NO134997C (en) 1977-01-19
BE771990A (en) 1971-12-31
FR2116363B1 (en) 1974-12-20
DK132539C (en) 1976-05-24
GB1353335A (en) 1974-05-15

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