NO133399B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO133399B NO133399B NO741210A NO741210A NO133399B NO 133399 B NO133399 B NO 133399B NO 741210 A NO741210 A NO 741210A NO 741210 A NO741210 A NO 741210A NO 133399 B NO133399 B NO 133399B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- water
- calcium chloride
- rollers
- finely divided
- flakes
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/20—Halides
- C01F11/24—Chlorides
- C01F11/30—Concentrating; Dehydrating; Preventing the adsorption of moisture or caking
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Kalsiumklorid, som erholdes som biprodukt ved ammoniakksoda-fremgangsmåten, og som i handelen forekommer i form av pulver, kornpartikler eller flak, har på grunn av sine spesielle fysikalske egenskaper funnet vid anvendelse. Da kalsium-kloridopplosninger oppviser en sterk frysepunktsenkning, så egner slike losninger seg som kjolemedium i- fryseanlegg, og det faste saltet egner seg for fjerning av sno og is ved pass og stell av trafikkerte arealer vinterstid. De sterke hygroskopiske egenskapene til saltet og de konsentrerte los-ningene utnyttes til å binde stov på gater og veier, og videre for å minske stovet samt klimatisere gruveluft, for torking av tekniske gasser osv. Calcium chloride, which is obtained as a by-product of the ammoniacal soda process, and which is commercially available in the form of powder, grain particles or flakes, has found wide application due to its special physical properties. As calcium-chloride solutions show a strong lowering of the freezing point, such solutions are suitable as dressing medium in freezing plants, and the solid salt is suitable for removing snow and ice when clearing and caring for trafficked areas in winter. The strong hygroscopic properties of the salt and the concentrated solutions are used to bind dust on streets and roads, and further to reduce dust and air condition mine air, for drying technical gases, etc.
Håndteringen av det faste kalsiumkloridet vanskeliggjores imidlertid av dets utpregede hydroskopiske egenskaper. Således er"transport og lagring av saltet bare mulig i tettsluttende metallfat eller luft-tette og lukkede sekker. Hvis et metallfat, som inneholder fast kalsiumklorid, hyppig åpnes eller sogar blir stående åpen en viss tid, eller hvis en sekk skades^så flyter innholdet ut under påvirkning av luft-fuktighet, og innholdet blir ubrukbart for mange anvendelsesformål. However, the handling of the solid calcium chloride is made difficult by its pronounced hydroscopic properties. Thus, "transport and storage of the salt is only possible in tightly sealed metal barrels or air-tight and closed bags. If a metal barrel, containing solid calcium chloride, is frequently opened or even left open for a certain time, or if a bag is damaged^ then the contents float out under the influence of air-moisture, and the contents become unusable for many purposes.
Da denne opplosningsprosess i alt vesentlig finner sted på kalsiumkloridpartiklenes overflate, så kan man i stor utstrek-ning redusere den hastighet med hvilken kalsiumkloridpartiklene flyter ut i fuktig luft når man foretar en vesentlig reduksjon av overflaten ved- å gjore det finfordelte pulveret eller As this dissolution process essentially takes place on the surface of the calcium chloride particles, the rate at which the calcium chloride particles float out into moist air can be largely reduced when the surface is significantly reduced by making the finely divided powder or
flakene kompakte. flakes compact.
En slik kompakt masse kan f.eks. oppnås ved pressgranulering i et valseverk med profilerte valser, hvis fordypninger tilsvarer de onskede kalsiumklorid-briketter. Hvis imidlertid en slik anordning mates med malt eller granulert kalsiumklorid, så kleber godset, som man skal gjore kompakt, med en gang igjen alle fordypninger i valsene. Det vedhefter så fast at det bare meget vanskelig kan loses ut av fordypningene. En til-fredsstillende arbeidsmåte, som fungerer uten forstyrrelser, lar seg ikke oppnå på denne måte. Derfor har man sokt etter en fremgangsmåte som tillater å gjore kalsiumklorid kompakt ved hjelp av pressgranulering. Such a compact mass can e.g. is achieved by press granulation in a rolling mill with profiled rolls, the recesses of which correspond to the desired calcium chloride briquettes. If, however, such a device is fed with ground or granulated calcium chloride, then the goods, which must be made compact, immediately stick to all recesses in the rollers. It adheres so firmly that it can only be loosened from the recesses with great difficulty. A satisfactory way of working, which works without disturbances, cannot be achieved in this way. Therefore, a search has been made for a method which allows calcium chloride to be made compact by means of press granulation.
Det har nå blitt funnet en fremgangsmåte for å gjore fast A method has now been found to fix it
og hoyprosentig kalsiumklorid kompakt ved pressgranulering ved hjelp av profilerte eller glatte valser. Denne fremgangsmåte erkarakterisert vedat valsene under presseprosessen kontinuerlig dusjes med findelt vann. and high-percentage calcium chloride compact by press granulation using profiled or smooth rollers. This method is characterized by the fact that during the pressing process the rollers are continuously showered with finely divided water.
Mens vanligvis vann hhv. fuktighet også i mindre mengder bevirker en oppmykning av kalsiumkloridmassen og deretter en utflytning, så er det ved hjelp av en påsproytet vannfilm på granuleringsvalsene mulig å forhindre en sammenbakning av kalsiumkloridet på valsene og da spesielt i deres fordypninger. While usually water or moisture, even in small amounts, causes a softening of the calcium chloride mass and then a liquefaction, so by means of a water film sprayed onto the granulating rollers it is possible to prevent the calcium chloride from caking on the rollers and especially in their recesses.
Derved får mari imidlertid ingen oppmykning, men tvertimot Thereby, however, Mari does not get any softening, but quite the opposite
ert overf lateherding av" kalsiumklorid-f lakerre eller kalsium-kloridbrikettene, selv om vanninnholdet i kalsiumkloridet bare oker ubetydelig. Flakene, hhv. brikettene loser seg fra valsen uten vanskeligheter, såsnart valsen kommer fri av mot-valsen. En sammenbakning av kalsiumkloridet på valsene, surface hardening of the "calcium chloride flakes" or the calcium chloride briquettes, even if the water content of the calcium chloride increases only insignificantly. The flakes or briquettes detach from the roll without difficulty as soon as the roll comes free from the counter roll. A caking of the calcium chloride on the rolls ,
og da spesielt i deres fordypninger, og som inntreffer momen-tant når vann ikke sproytes på, fås overhodet ikke-. Det er sogar mulig ved besprutning ved vann å frigjore. de uten vannanvendelse til valsen tilsatte formene. and then especially in their depressions, and which occurs momentarily when water is not sprayed on, is not obtained at all. It is even possible to release by spraying with water. those without the use of water for the roller added the forms.
For gjennomfbring av fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen blir valsenes overflate, og da fortrinnsvis da for disse kommer i kontakt med det findelte kalsiumklorid som skal gjores kompakt, overtrukket med en tynn vannfilm. Denne vannfilm kan fortrinnsvis påfores valsenes overflate ved hjelp av vannbesprut-ning fra en rekke mindre dyser. Tykkelsen av denne vannfilm avhenger i alt vesentlig av valse-type og av partikkelstorrelse-fordelingen i godset som skal gjores kompakt. Således anvendes fortrinnsvis en vannmengde på 0,1 til 4,0 vekts-%, beregnet på utgangsmaterialet. Vanligvis tilsvarer denne mengde, alt etter valsenes omdreiningstall, en innstromningshastighet av vann på 4 - 30 1 vann pr. minutt. In order to carry out the method according to the invention, the surface of the rollers, and preferably those that come into contact with the finely divided calcium chloride to be made compact, is coated with a thin film of water. This water film can preferably be applied to the surface of the rollers by means of water spraying from a number of smaller nozzles. The thickness of this water film essentially depends on the roller type and on the particle size distribution in the goods to be compacted. Thus, a quantity of water of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight is preferably used, calculated on the starting material. Usually, this amount corresponds, depending on the number of revolutions of the rollers, to an inflow rate of water of 4 - 30 1 water per minute.
Den optimale innstromningsmengde kan i hvert enkelt tilfelle lett bestemmes ved hjelp av forsok som innledningsvis foretas. Ved påforing av vannfilmen på valsens overflate må man imidlertid unngå at vann kommer inn i tilforselsanordningen for det findelte kalsiumkloridet. The optimal inflow quantity can be easily determined in each individual case by means of experiments which are initially carried out. However, when applying the water film on the surface of the roller, it must be avoided that water enters the supply device for the finely divided calcium chloride.
De ved fremgangsmåten ifolge nærværende oppfinnelse fremstilte kalsiumkloridflak hhv. -briketter har en hard og tett overflate, som også ved lagring av disse flak eller briketter i nærvær av luft forst bare tar opp lite fuktighet fra luften. Derved motvirkes samménbakningen og utflytningen av disse flak hhv. briketter slik at de i lengre tid forblir frittflytende. The calcium chloride flakes produced by the method according to the present invention or - briquettes have a hard and dense surface, which even when storing these flakes or briquettes in the presence of air, initially only absorbs a little moisture from the air. Thereby, the sticking together and the floating of these flakes or briquettes so that they remain free-flowing for a longer time.
Noen forsok skal nærmere anskueliggjøre fremgangsmåten ifolge nærværende oppfinnelse. Some experiments will make the method according to the present invention more clearly visible.
Forsokene ble gjennomfort ved hjelp av et valseverk med en valsediameter på 228 mm og en valsebredde på 28 ram. Om-dreiningstallet til valsene var 33 omdr./min. Valsene blir på tilforselssiden dusjet med vann fra små dyser i mengder på 3-30 l/min. vann.- The tests were carried out using a rolling mill with a roll diameter of 228 mm and a roll width of 28 ram. The number of revolutions of the rollers was 33 rev/min. On the supply side, the rollers are showered with water from small nozzles in quantities of 3-30 l/min. water.-
Den forste forsoksserie (forsokene 1-5) skal tjene til å vise forskjellen med hensyn til arbeidsmåte og resultat ved kompaktgj ori ngen uten og med vannbespriitning av valsene. The first series of trials (trials 1-5) will serve to show the difference in terms of working methods and results when compacting without and with water spraying the rollers.
En ytterligere forsoks-serie viser at sammensetningen av utgangsmaterialet, såvel som mengden til det pådusjede vannet kan variere innen vide grenser. A further trial series shows that the composition of the starting material, as well as the quantity of the water showered on, can vary within wide limits.
Forts, av forsoks- serien: Continued, of the trial series:
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19732316755 DE2316755C3 (en) | 1973-04-04 | 1973-04-04 | Process for compacting calcium chloride |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO133399B true NO133399B (en) | 1976-01-19 |
NO133399C NO133399C (en) | 1976-04-28 |
Family
ID=5876935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO741210A NO133399C (en) | 1973-04-04 | 1974-04-03 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE811165A (en) |
CH (1) | CH596095A5 (en) |
CS (1) | CS167205B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2316755C3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI58320C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2224409B3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1439570A (en) |
NO (1) | NO133399C (en) |
PL (1) | PL98129B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE394994B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007283748A (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2007-11-01 | Fujifilm Corp | Optical recording medium and visible information recording method |
US20100046344A1 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2010-02-25 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical recording medium and method of recording visible information |
US8012909B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2011-09-06 | Fujifilm Corporation | Heat-sensitive transfer image-forming method |
US8119562B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-02-21 | Fujifilm Corporation | Heat-sensitive transfer sheet and image-forming method using heat-sensitive transfer system |
US8129309B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-03-06 | Fujifilm Corporation | Heat-sensitive transfer sheet for use in heat-sensitive transfer system and image-forming method using heat-sensitive transfer system |
EP1980408A3 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2011-10-26 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Heat-sensitive transfer sheet and image-forming method |
EP1974948A3 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-02-08 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Image-forming method using heat-sensitive transfer system |
JP2008273641A (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-13 | Fujifilm Corp | Cardboard cylinder for heat-sensitive transfer image-receiving sheet, roll shape machined article and image forming method of the sheet |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE723956A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1969-04-16 |
-
1973
- 1973-04-04 DE DE19732316755 patent/DE2316755C3/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-02-01 FR FR7403381A patent/FR2224409B3/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-02-14 CH CH203174A patent/CH596095A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-02-15 CS CS112574A patent/CS167205B2/cs unknown
- 1974-02-18 BE BE141030A patent/BE811165A/en unknown
- 1974-03-08 FI FI70074A patent/FI58320C/en active
- 1974-03-25 PL PL16980074A patent/PL98129B1/en unknown
- 1974-03-29 GB GB1412774A patent/GB1439570A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-02 SE SE7404452A patent/SE394994B/en unknown
- 1974-04-03 NO NO741210A patent/NO133399C/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2316755A1 (en) | 1974-10-17 |
CS167205B2 (en) | 1976-04-29 |
FR2224409A1 (en) | 1974-10-31 |
FI58320B (en) | 1980-09-30 |
NO133399C (en) | 1976-04-28 |
SE394994B (en) | 1977-07-25 |
BE811165A (en) | 1974-06-17 |
GB1439570A (en) | 1976-06-16 |
FI58320C (en) | 1981-01-12 |
DE2316755B2 (en) | 1979-08-09 |
PL98129B1 (en) | 1978-04-29 |
FR2224409B3 (en) | 1976-11-26 |
CH596095A5 (en) | 1978-02-28 |
DE2316755C3 (en) | 1982-06-16 |
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