NO133193B - - Google Patents
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- NO133193B NO133193B NO469872A NO469872A NO133193B NO 133193 B NO133193 B NO 133193B NO 469872 A NO469872 A NO 469872A NO 469872 A NO469872 A NO 469872A NO 133193 B NO133193 B NO 133193B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- disilicide
- diboride
- mixture
- sintering
- powder
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LRTTZMZPZHBOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[B].[Hf] Chemical compound [B].[B].[Hf] LRTTZMZPZHBOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- DFJQEGUNXWZVAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)titanium Chemical compound [Si]=[Ti]=[Si] DFJQEGUNXWZVAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021352 titanium disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- SPJMAPNWDLIVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-chloro-2-phenylphenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SPJMAPNWDLIVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/5805—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides
- C04B35/58064—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/5805—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides
- C04B35/58064—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides
- C04B35/58071—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides based on titanium borides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/5805—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides
- C04B35/58064—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides
- C04B35/58078—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on borides based on refractory borides based on zirconium or hafnium borides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for The present invention relates to a method for
fremstilling av porose og ledende keramiske materialer. production of porous and conductive ceramic materials.
Det er kjent at ved flere tekniske prosesser, som f.eks. stopningsprosesser, som omfatter transport eller behandling av flytende materialer, er veggene i de innretninger som befinner seg i kontakt med det flytende metall vanligvis utfort av et keramisk, material med folgende egenskaper: Vedkommende keramiske material må forst og frémst være passivt, hvilket vil si at det ikke må reagere med metall; It is known that in several technical processes, such as stopping processes, which include the transport or treatment of liquid materials, the walls of the devices that are in contact with the liquid metal are usually made of a ceramic material with the following properties: The ceramic material in question must first and foremost be passive, which means that it must not react with metal;
Videre må det keramiske material være i stand til å motstå sterke termiske sjokk; og det må derfor være porost; Furthermore, the ceramic material must be able to withstand strong thermal shocks; and therefore it must be porous;
Endelig må materialet være vanskelig å oksydere. Finally, the material must be difficult to oxidize.
Det er fra sokerens side forsokt å tilvirke keramiske materialer med de ovenfor angitte egenskaper, såvel som den egenskap at det lett kan fores elektrisk strom gjennom materialet til det It has been attempted on the part of the seeker to produce ceramic materials with the above-mentioned properties, as well as the property that electric current can easily be passed through the material to the
smeltede metall. Dette innebærer da forholdsvis liten elektrisk motstand i det keramiske material, samt god vætning av materialet med det flytende metall. molten metal. This then implies relatively little electrical resistance in the ceramic material, as well as good wetting of the material with the liquid metal.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen foreslås en fremgangsmåte som muliggjor fremstilling av meget porose og ledende keramiske materialer med de ovenfor angitte egenskaper. According to the invention, a method is proposed which enables the production of highly porous and conductive ceramic materials with the above-mentioned properties.
Denne fremgangsmåte går ut på sintring av et utgangsmaterial bestående av diborid av titan, zirkonium, hafnium eller wolfram, fortrinnsvis blandet med disilisid av titan, zirkonium, hafnium eller wolfram.og har som særtrekk i henhold til oppfinnelsen at en viss mengde av nevnte utgangsmaterial i form av fint pulver oppdeles i to deler, hvorav den ene, som utgjor 20-80% av den totale mengde, utsettes for en for-sintring under trykk og ved en temperatur i området 1000-2000°C, og deretter knuses til granuler som blandes med den annen del av pulvermengden, hvorpå blandingen eltes sammen med 1-6 % fluorid av et metall fra gruppe Ia eller Ib i det periodiske system og det hele vibreres for sintringen, som utfores i en form ved en temperatur i området 1000-1500°C uten overtrykk og i inert atmosfære, f.eks. av argon. This method involves the sintering of a starting material consisting of diboride of titanium, zirconium, hafnium or tungsten, preferably mixed with disilicide of titanium, zirconium, hafnium or tungsten. and has as a distinctive feature according to the invention that a certain amount of said starting material in form of fine powder is divided into two parts, one of which, which makes up 20-80% of the total quantity, is subjected to pre-sintering under pressure and at a temperature in the range of 1000-2000°C, and then crushed into granules which is mixed with the second part of the powder quantity, after which the mixture is kneaded together with 1-6% fluoride of a metal from group Ia or Ib in the periodic table and the whole is vibrated for sintering, which is carried out in a mold at a temperature in the range of 1000-1500 °C without excess pressure and in an inert atmosphere, e.g. of argon.
Det er i mange tilfeller en fordel å tilblande en viss prosentmengde (0 - 25%) av et disilisid av et metall tilhorende samme gruppe som nevnte diborid, idet en sådan blanding av diborid og disilisid oksyderes ved en vesentlig hoyere temperatur enn diboridet. alene. It is in many cases an advantage to mix in a certain percentage amount (0 - 25%) of a disilicide of a metal belonging to the same group as said diboride, as such a mixture of diboride and disilicide is oxidized at a significantly higher temperature than the diboride. alone.
Ved en angitte blanding av fint pulver og knuste korn med lignende sammensetning som pulveret, idet andelen av korn i blandingen ligger mellom 20 og 80%, vil den elektriske motstand i det keramiske material bli vesentlig reduset. In the case of a specified mixture of fine powder and crushed grain with a similar composition to the powder, the proportion of grain in the mixture being between 20 and 80%, the electrical resistance in the ceramic material will be substantially reduced.
Det nevnte diborid kan f.eks. være et diborid av titan,zirkonium, hafnium eller wolfram. Disilisidet kan være et disilisid av et av de samme eller et forskjellig metall. The aforementioned diboride can e.g. be a diboride of titanium, zirconium, hafnium or tungsten. The disilicide can be a disilicide of one of the same or a different metal.
Blandingen av pulver og korn eltes sammen med 1 - 6% av et fluorid, og utsettes så for vibrasjon under en kort tid i en stopeform. The mixture of powder and grain is kneaded together with 1 - 6% of a fluoride, and then subjected to vibration for a short time in a stope form.
Når fluoridet oppvarmes påvirker fluoridionene pulveret og kornene av diborid og disilisid, således at sintringen kan utfores ved en lavere temperatur enn den ellers ville være nodvendig, uten at dette nodvendigvis medforer en sintring under trykk. Denne sintring utfores i en atmosfære av inert gass. For å unngå sprekkdannelser i det keramiske material under avkjoling, dekkes den nedre del av stopeformen enten med grafittfilt eller et grafitisk pappskikt, som markedfores under varemerket "PAPYEX:1 Fluoridet forefinnes ikke lenger i den dannede keramiske substans. When the fluoride is heated, the fluoride ions affect the powder and grains of diboride and disilicide, so that sintering can be carried out at a lower temperature than would otherwise be necessary, without this necessarily entailing sintering under pressure. This sintering is carried out in an atmosphere of inert gas. To avoid cracking in the ceramic material during cooling, the lower part of the stop mold is covered either with graphite felt or a graphite cardboard layer, which is marketed under the trademark "PAPYEX:1 The fluoride is no longer present in the formed ceramic substance.
De folgende utforelseseksempler er bare angitt for å anskueliggjøre foreliggende oppfinnelse. The following exemplary embodiments are only given to illustrate the present invention.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
En blanding av fint pulver (hver partikkel er noen få p. i diameter) omfatter 85% titan-diborid og 15% titan-disilisid. Denne blanding oksyderes ved 1250°C sammenlignet med en oksyderingstemperatur på 600°C for titan-diborid alene. A mixture of fine powder (each particle is a few p. in diameter) comprises 85% titanium diboride and 15% titanium disilicide. This mixture is oxidized at 1250°C compared to an oxidation temperature of 600°C for titanium diboride alone.
60% av pulverblåndingen ble sintret under trykk og meget hoy temperatur, nemlig 1800°C, for derved å oppnå et meget kompakt produkt med nesten ingen porositet. Ved knusingen av dette produkt, ble det oppnådd korn med noen få mm diameter, og som ble tilfort de gjenværende 40% av den fine pulverblanding. 60% of the powder mixture was sintered under pressure and at a very high temperature, namely 1800°C, in order to obtain a very compact product with almost no porosity. When crushing this product, grains with a diameter of a few mm were obtained, which were added to the remaining 40% of the fine powder mixture.
Den således oppnådde blanding ble eltet sammen med 3% litiumfluid og deretter utsatt for vibrasjoner i en form. The mixture thus obtained was kneaded together with 3% lithium fluid and then subjected to vibrations in a mould.
Etter sintring av blandingen ble det oppnådd et produkt med After sintering the mixture, a product with
en porositet storre enn 40%, og dette forbedret i vesentlig grad dens motstandsevne mot termisk sjokk. For dette formål ble grafittformen og den tilforte blanding i denne bragt til en temperatur på 13 50° og varmebehandlet i 2 timer i en argonatmosfære. a porosity greater than 40%, and this significantly improved its resistance to thermal shock. For this purpose, the graphite mold and the added mixture therein were brought to a temperature of 13 50° and heat treated for 2 hours in an argon atmosphere.
Keramiske materialer som omfatter titan-diborid og titan-disilisid og er fremstilt ved ovenfor angitte frangangmåter, er gode elektriske ledere, forblir passive i nærvær av flytende metall , muliggjor god fuktning,samt har stor motstandsevne mot termiske sjokk og oksyderes forst ved hoy temperatur. Ceramic materials that include titanium diboride and titanium disilicide and are produced by the above-mentioned methods are good electrical conductors, remain passive in the presence of liquid metal, enable good wetting, and have great resistance to thermal shocks and are only oxidized at high temperatures.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
En annen prove er fremstilt ved samme fremgangsmåte ved anvendelse av haf niundLborid og litiumf luorid. Ettersom haf nium-diborid oksyderes ved hoy temperatur, var det ikke nodvendig å tilsette disilisid til hafnium-diboridpulveret. Another sample is prepared by the same method using hafnium boride and lithium fluoride. As hafnium diboride oxidizes at high temperature, it was not necessary to add disilicide to the hafnium diboride powder.
En blanding som omfattet 95% store korn av hafnium-diborid, fremstilt A mixture comprising 95% large grains of hafnium diboride, prepared
ved sintring under trykk og en temperatur på 2000°C og 35% av fint pulver av samme substans, ble tildannet. by sintering under pressure and a temperature of 2000°C and 35% of fine powder of the same substance, was formed.
95% av denne blanding ble så tilsatt 4% av litiumfluorid, 95% of this mixture was then added to 4% of lithium fluoride,
hvoretter den således oppnådde sammensetning ble utsatt for vibrasjoner i en grafittform. Denne ble så i argonatmosfære bragt opp til en temperatur på 1000°C i 1 time, hvoretter den umiddelbart ble utsatt for en temperatur på 1350°C i 2 timer. after which the composition thus obtained was subjected to vibrations in a graphite mold. This was then brought up to a temperature of 1000°C for 1 hour in an argon atmosphere, after which it was immediately exposed to a temperature of 1350°C for 2 hours.
Det keramiske haf niumdiborid.-material som ble oppnådd ved denne The ceramic hafnium diboride material obtained by this
fremgangsmåte, hadde en porositet på 30 - 35 %, alt etter provestykket, og hadde god mekanisk fasthet. method, had a porosity of 30 - 35%, depending on the sample, and had good mechanical strength.
Anvendelse av meget porost og ledende keramisk material er en Application of highly porous and conductive ceramic material is one
særskilt fordel i pumper for flytende metall, i elektrolyse- particular advantage in pumps for liquid metal, in electrolysis
apparater, nærmere bestemt for tilvirkning av elektroder, eller også for lettere fremstilling av varmeelementror for oppvarmning under utnyttelse av Joule-effekten. devices, specifically for the production of electrodes, or also for the easier production of heating element tubes for heating using the Joule effect.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7146212A FR2186960A5 (en) | 1971-12-22 | 1971-12-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO133193B true NO133193B (en) | 1975-12-15 |
NO133193C NO133193C (en) | 1976-03-24 |
Family
ID=9087904
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO469872A NO133193C (en) | 1971-12-22 | 1972-12-20 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (3) | JPS5542583B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU466721B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1023139A (en) |
CH (1) | CH574374A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2261523A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2186960A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1414178A (en) |
IT (1) | IT972582B (en) |
NO (1) | NO133193C (en) |
SE (1) | SE375754B (en) |
SU (2) | SU571180A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2262437B1 (en) * | 1974-02-21 | 1983-06-24 | Activite Atom Avance | |
JPS59184611U (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-08 | 日立工機株式会社 | Electric cutter dust suction device |
JPS6342801A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-02-24 | 日立工機株式会社 | Portable dust-collecting circular saw |
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1971
- 1971-12-22 FR FR7146212A patent/FR2186960A5/fr not_active Expired
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1972
- 1972-12-15 CH CH1827572A patent/CH574374A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-15 DE DE19722261523 patent/DE2261523A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1972-12-20 AU AU50301/72A patent/AU466721B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-20 IT IT3319172A patent/IT972582B/en active
- 1972-12-20 NO NO469872A patent/NO133193C/no unknown
- 1972-12-21 GB GB5925872A patent/GB1414178A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 CA CA159,627A patent/CA1023139A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 SE SE1684572A patent/SE375754B/xx unknown
- 1972-12-22 JP JP12917272A patent/JPS5542583B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-22 SU SU7201872555A patent/SU571180A3/en active
- 1972-12-22 JP JP12917372A patent/JPS5549032B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-22 JP JP12917172A patent/JPS4870904A/ja active Pending
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1974
- 1974-04-25 SU SU742019074A patent/SU674664A3/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU466721B2 (en) | 1974-06-20 |
SU674664A3 (en) | 1979-07-15 |
JPS4870905A (en) | 1973-09-26 |
JPS4870904A (en) | 1973-09-26 |
SU571180A3 (en) | 1977-08-30 |
AU5030172A (en) | 1974-06-20 |
CA1023139A (en) | 1977-12-27 |
FR2186960A5 (en) | 1974-01-11 |
DE2261523A1 (en) | 1973-06-28 |
JPS5542583B2 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
SE375754B (en) | 1975-04-28 |
NO133193C (en) | 1976-03-24 |
JPS4870894A (en) | 1973-09-26 |
IT972582B (en) | 1974-05-31 |
JPS5549032B2 (en) | 1980-12-09 |
CH574374A5 (en) | 1976-04-15 |
GB1414178A (en) | 1975-11-19 |
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