NO132688B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO132688B NO132688B NO1670/72A NO167072A NO132688B NO 132688 B NO132688 B NO 132688B NO 1670/72 A NO1670/72 A NO 1670/72A NO 167072 A NO167072 A NO 167072A NO 132688 B NO132688 B NO 132688B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- junction box
- foot
- clamp
- rail foot
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001669679 Eleotris Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10981—Pre-treatment of the layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
- B32B2329/06—PVB, i.e. polyinylbutyral
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24471—Crackled, crazed or slit
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24777—Edge feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/261—In terms of molecular thickness or light wave length
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
- Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31645—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31649—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
Description
Anordning for oppvarmning av jernbanesporveksler. Device for heating railway switches.
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører en anordning for oppvarming av jernbanesporveksler, hvor elektriske varmeelementer er anbragt langs hver jernbaneskinne, fortrinnsvis på oversiden av skinnefoten, og ved deres ene ende er koblet til en koblingsboks. This invention relates to a device for heating railway switches, where electric heating elements are placed along each railway rail, preferably on the upper side of the rail foot, and at one end of which are connected to a junction box.
Formålet med oppfinnelsen har vært å frembringe en slik anordning som er mindre utsatt for driftsforstyrrelser på grunn av vibrasjoner i skinnene og svillene ved jernbanetogenes passering enn tidlig-ere foreslåtte liknende anordninger, og som har dens deler liggende slik at de ikke er utsatt for lett å skades ved ytre påvirk-ning. The purpose of the invention has been to produce such a device which is less susceptible to operational disturbances due to vibrations in the rails and sleepers during the passage of railway trains than earlier proposed similar devices, and which has its parts lying down so that they are not exposed to easy is damaged by external influences.
Det som i første rekke kjennetegner That which primarily characterizes
oppfinnelsen er at koblingsboksen er anbragt mellom jernbanesporets to skinner og uavhengig av skinnen understøttet på eller mellom jernbanesporoverbygningens sviller, at varmeelementene dannes av en-keltleder- rørelementer som er plasert to ved siden av hverandre langs skinnene og har inntil hverandre, ved den ene av sine ender, og midt foran koblingsboksen liggende endedeler ombøyet vinkelrett bort fra skinnen i retning mot koblingsboksen og fast tilsluttet denne, mens rørelement-ene ved de ender som ligger lengst borte fra koblingsboksen er fastholdt til skinnen med festeklemmer som tillater rør-elementene å underkastes begrensete stillings- og formendringer uavhengig av hverandre og av skinnen. the invention is that the junction box is placed between the two rails of the railway track and independently of the rail supported on or between the sleepers of the railway track superstructure, that the heating elements are formed by single-cell conductor pipe elements which are placed two next to each other along the rails and have adjacent to each other, at one of their ends, and end parts lying in the middle of the junction box bent perpendicularly away from the rail in the direction of the junction box and firmly connected to it, while the pipe elements at the ends furthest away from the junction box are secured to the rail with fixing clamps which allow the pipe elements to be subjected to limited positions - and shape changes independently of each other and of the rail.
I det etterfølgende vil det bli beskre-vet en utførelsesform for anordningen iføl-ge oppfinnelsen for å klargjøre denne, idet In what follows, an embodiment of the device according to the invention will be described in order to clarify this, since
det henvises til de medfølgende tegninger, hvor: reference is made to the accompanying drawings, where:
Fig. 1 viser i horisontalprojeksjon et utsnitt av en jernbaneskinne samt sviller utstyrt med anordningen ifølge oppfinnelsen. Fig. 2 viser et bruddstykke av denne anordning, sett i projeksjon i svillens lengderetning fra linjen A—A i fig. 1. Fig. 3 viser deler av anordningen ifølge fig. 1 sett i vertikalprojeksjon vinkelrett mot skinnens lengderetning fra linjen B— B i fig. 1. Fig. 4 viser et tverrsnitt etter linjen Fig. 1 shows in horizontal projection a section of a railway rail and sleepers equipped with the device according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows a broken piece of this device, seen in projection in the sleeper's longitudinal direction from the line A—A in fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows parts of the device according to fig. 1 seen in a vertical projection perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail from the line B— B in fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a cross-section along the line
C—C i fig. 1. C—C in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 viser et liknende tverrsnitt men Fig. 5 shows a similar cross-section but
viser en modifisert utførelse. shows a modified embodiment.
Ved anordningen ifølge oppfinnelsen dannes de elektriske varmeelementer, som tjener til å oppvarme en jembanesporvek-sel, av rørelementer av den art som inne-holder en enkel oppvarmingsleder (det vil i alminnelighet si en eneste spiral av mot-standstråd innpakket i isolasjonsmateriale inne i et mantelrør). Disse rørelementer er anordnet i to par, idet elementene i hvert par, som er betegnet med 1 og 2, forløper ved siden av hverandre fra en koblingsboks 11, som ligger omtrent ved midten av spor-ækselen, langs skinnen 4 nesten frem til vekseltungens spiss for det ene par og i motsatt retning, det vil si mot vekseltungens rot, for det andre par. Rørelementene 1 og 2 i hvert par har deres ledere forbun-iet med hverandre ved den ende som lig-aer lengst fra boksen 11, så at oppvarm-.ngsstrømmen passerer i en slynge fra boksen 11 gjennom begge elementer. De holdes fastspent ved skinnefoten ved hjelp av festeklemmer slik det beskrives nærmere lengere frem. In the device according to the invention, the electric heating elements, which serve to heat a single-phase transformer, are formed by pipe elements of the kind that contain a simple heating conductor (that is, in general, a single spiral of resistance wire wrapped in insulating material inside a casing pipe). These pipe elements are arranged in two pairs, the elements in each pair, which are denoted by 1 and 2, extend next to each other from a junction box 11, which is located approximately in the middle of the track shaft, along the rail 4 almost to the tip of the changer tongue for one pair and in the opposite direction, i.e. towards the root of the alternate tongue, for the other pair. The pipe elements 1 and 2 in each pair have their conductors connected to each other at the end which lies farthest from the box 11, so that the heating current passes in a loop from the box 11 through both elements. They are held tight at the rail foot using fastening clamps as described in more detail further on.
Ved den anordning som er vist i figur- In the case of the device shown in fig.
ene 1 til 3 er koblingsboksen 11 anbragt helt innenfor skinnen på to holdere 12 1 to 3, the junction box 11 is placed completely inside the rail on two holders 12
(bare den ene er synlig på tegningene), (only one is visible in the drawings),
som er anbragt tversover og fastskrudd til to sviller 13. Disse holdere har i sidepro-jeksjon den form som vises i fig. 3 og bærer boksen 11 i den forsenkning som finnes mellom svillene 13. Boksen 11 er på den side som vender mot skinnen utstyrt med en tilkoblingsflens 14 med to hull, og de endedeler av de to parene av rørelementer I og 2 som ligger nærmest koblingsboksen which are arranged transversely and screwed to two sleepers 13. These holders have the shape shown in fig. in side projection. 3 and carries the box 11 in the recess found between the sleepers 13. The box 11 is on the side facing the rail equipped with a connecting flange 14 with two holes, and the end parts of the two pairs of pipe elements I and 2 which are closest to the connection box
II er ombøyet vinkelrett mot skinnen og strekker seg frem til boksen 11 hvor de er innført i de nevnte hull i flensen 14, hvori hvert par rørelementer fastholdes av en felles nippel 15, som er innskrudd i et av hullene. II is bent perpendicular to the rail and extends to the box 11 where they are inserted into the aforementioned holes in the flange 14, in which each pair of pipe elements is retained by a common nipple 15, which is screwed into one of the holes.
Ettersom koblingsboksen 11 ikke er di- As the junction box 11 is not di-
rekte mekanisk forbundet med selve skin- directly mechanically connected to the skin itself
nen men er anordnet fast i forhold til svillene 13, vil den komme til å følge de sistnevntes vibrasjoner, som er svakere enn skinnens på grunn av den dempning som de underkastes ved overgangen fra skinnen til svillene og ved forplantningen gjennom disse sistnevnte. Rørelementene 1 but is arranged fixed in relation to the sleepers 13, it will follow the latter's vibrations, which are weaker than those of the rail due to the damping to which they are subjected during the transition from the rail to the sleepers and during propagation through these latter. The pipe elements 1
og 2 vil derfor bli utsatt for visse formendringer og stillingsendringer, som de dog uten ulempe tillater, takket være at de er litt bevegelige uvhengig av hverandre og av skinnene som de er festet på. Særlig kan rørelementene om dette kreves, under- and 2 will therefore be exposed to certain changes in shape and position, which they allow without inconvenience, thanks to the fact that they are slightly movable independently of each other and of the rails on which they are fixed. In particular, the pipe elements can, if this is required, sub-
kastes en viss torsjon fordelt over hele den lengde som forløper langsetter skinnen. De kabler hvorigjennom koblingsboksen 11 er tilkoblet til et strømuttak, for eksempel på a certain torsion is thrown, distributed over the entire length that runs along the rail. The cables through which the junction box 11 is connected to a power outlet, for example on
en transformator, i nærheten av sporvek- a transformer, near the railway
selen, blir derimot ikke utsatt for nevne-verdige bevegelser, da de bare behøver å the harness, on the other hand, is not subjected to significant movements, as they only need to
følge de dempete vibrasjoner for svillene. Risikoen for ledningsbrudd er derfor ube-tydelig. follow the muted vibrations for the sleepers. The risk of cable breakage is therefore negligible.
De festeklemmer hvormed rørelement- The fastening clamps with which the pipe element
ene 1 og 2 festes på oversiden av skinne- one 1 and 2 are attached to the upper side of the rail
foten, vises i to utførelser i fig. 4 og 5. I the foot, is shown in two versions in fig. 4 and 5. I
begge figurer består festeklemmen av et gjenget skaft 16 med en på dets ene ende påsveiset U-profil-del 17 (se også fig. 1), in both figures, the fastening clamp consists of a threaded shaft 16 with a U-profile part 17 welded on at one end (see also fig. 1),
som er beregnet på med sin renne å gripe om den indre kant på skinnefoten, slik fig. 4 og 5 viser, mens skaftet forløper tett inntil undersiden på tvers mot skinnens lengderetning og bærer på den ende som løper ut ved den motsatte kanten av skinnefoten en løst påsatt klemdel 18, som like- which is designed to grip the inner edge of the rail foot with its groove, as fig. 4 and 5 show, while the shaft extends close to the underside transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail and carries on the end which runs out at the opposite edge of the rail foot a loosely attached clamping part 18, which similarly
ledes er av U-profilform og beregnet på å is led is of a U-profile shape and intended to
spennes an om den sistnevnte kanten på skinnefoten med muttere 19. Mellom U-profildelen 17 og kanten på skinnefoten er det innsatt et V-formet bøyet fjærende platestykke 20, hvis øvre ben danner en plateklemme 21 som strekker seg inn over skinnefoten forbi delen 17 som et overfall som de to rørelementer 1 og 2 fastholdes under. I fig. 4 ligger rørelementene direkte an mot skinnefoten og oppvarmer der-igjennom denne og hele skinnen ved led-ningsvarme. Ved utførelsesformen i fig. 5 is clamped to the latter edge of the rail foot with nuts 19. Between the U-profile part 17 and the edge of the rail foot, a V-shaped bent springy plate piece 20 is inserted, the upper leg of which forms a plate clamp 21 which extends over the rail foot past the part 17 which an overhang under which the two pipe elements 1 and 2 are held. In fig. 4, the pipe elements lie directly against the rail foot and thereby heat this and the entire rail by conduction heating. In the embodiment in fig. 5
er et annet V-formig platestykke 22 inn- is another V-shaped plate piece 22 in-
lagt i platestykket 20 og har dets øvre ben forlenget innad langsetter skinnefoten for- placed in the plate piece 20 and has its upper leg extended inwards, the rail foot extends
bi delen 17. Rørelementene spennes i dette siste tilfelle elastisk fast mellom overfallet 21 av det første platestykket 20 og forlengelsen av platestykket 22, og vil derfor komme til å ligge i en avstand fra skinne- bi part 17. In this last case, the pipe elements are clamped elastically between the overlap 21 of the first plate piece 20 and the extension of the plate piece 22, and will therefore come to lie at a distance from the rail
foten som bestemmes av tykkelsen for platestykket 22. Dette medfører at varmeover-gangen fra rørelementene til skinnen min- the foot, which is determined by the thickness of the plate piece 22. This means that the heat transfer from the pipe elements to the rail min-
skes, og rørelementene oppnår derfor en høyere temperatur, noe som i alminnelig- takes place, and the pipe elements therefore reach a higher temperature, which in general
het er ønskelig. Det er å bemerke at den beskrevne festeklemmen festes på skinnen uten hjelp av borehull i denne. it is desirable. It should be noted that the described fastening clamp is attached to the rail without the aid of drilling holes in it.
For fastholdelsen av hvert par av rør-elementer 1 og 2 kreves minst to, men i alminnelighet tre eller flere festeklemmer ifølge fig. 4 eller 5 plasert i innbyrdes av- For the retention of each pair of pipe elements 1 and 2, at least two, but generally three or more fastening clamps according to fig. 4 or 5 placed in mutual de-
stand langsetter skinnefoten. stand lengthens the rail foot.
Rørelementene skal ikke være stivt fastspent, men kan foreta de stillings- og formforandringer som slik det forklares foran er en følge av skinnenes vibrasjon eller som oppstår som følge av skinnenes og rørelementenes forskjellige varmeutvid- The pipe elements must not be rigidly clamped, but can make the changes in position and shape which, as explained above, are a consequence of the vibration of the rails or which arise as a result of the different thermal expansion of the rails and pipe elements.
else. Dette oppnås ved at fastspenningen av klemmen 21 mot rørelementene 1 og 2 otherwise. This is achieved by the clamping of the clamp 21 against the pipe elements 1 and 2
er elastisk eller ved at klemmen 21 er av-passet så at den, når den slik som i fig. 4 is elastic or by the clamp 21 being adjusted so that, when it reaches as in fig. 4
ligger an med sin nedbøyde frie ende mot skinnefoten, ikke utøver noen nevneverdig fastspenningskraft mot rørelementene. rests with its bent free end against the rail foot, does not exert any significant clamping force against the pipe elements.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO5773A NO132862C (en) | 1971-05-21 | 1973-01-05 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1628371A GB1359166A (en) | 1971-05-21 | 1971-05-21 | Panels incorporating a glass or vitrocrystalline sheet and the manufacture thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO132688B true NO132688B (en) | 1975-09-08 |
NO132688C NO132688C (en) | 1975-12-17 |
Family
ID=10074531
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO1670/72A NO132688C (en) | 1971-05-21 | 1972-05-10 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3801423A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5410963B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT343307B (en) |
BE (1) | BE783459A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1013571A (en) |
CH (1) | CH553135A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2223355A1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES403414A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2138707A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1359166A (en) |
IL (1) | IL39422A0 (en) |
IT (1) | IT954772B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7206886A (en) |
NO (1) | NO132688C (en) |
SE (2) | SE387327B (en) |
TR (1) | TR17620A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA723251B (en) |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS50121756U (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1975-10-04 | ||
FR2405905A1 (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1979-05-11 | Saint Gobain | AQUEOUS GEL FIREWALL GLASS |
US4192689A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-03-11 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Ion exchange strengthening of soda-lime-silica glass |
DE3844882C2 (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1997-09-25 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Soda lime silica glass for CRT resistant to browning |
JPH06157058A (en) * | 1991-06-20 | 1994-06-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Flame-polishing of glass preform |
DE19838901A1 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-09 | O & K Rolltreppen Gmbh | Glass balustrade for a passenger conveyor system |
US6929862B2 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2005-08-16 | Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. | Coated substrates |
DE19927683C1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-01-25 | Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch | Laminated glass pane reflecting sun and heat rays |
JP3805722B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2006-08-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Vehicle windshield |
AT505240B1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2013-06-15 | Univ Graz Tech | DISC STACK |
NZ742900A (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2020-02-28 | ResMed Pty Ltd | Treatment of respiratory conditions by automatic control of flow and/or temperature and/or humidity independently to nares via separate flow paths |
JP5949763B2 (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2016-07-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Laminated glass manufacturing method and laminated glass |
US9616641B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2017-04-11 | Corning Incorporated | Light-weight hybrid glass laminates |
US10035331B2 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2018-07-31 | Corning Incorporated | Light-weight hybrid glass laminates |
BE1020051A3 (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-04-02 | Agc Glass Europe | AUTOMOBILE GLAZING. |
JP6013597B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2016-10-25 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Rigid interlayer for laminated glass structures |
WO2013181505A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Corning Incorporated | Glass laminate construction for optimized breakage performance |
TWI649286B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2019-02-01 | 康寧公司 | Light-weight hybrid glass laminates |
JP6431069B2 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2018-11-28 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Thin glass laminate structure |
JP6530754B2 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2019-06-12 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Lightweight, high rigidity glass laminate structure |
US20150158275A1 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-11 | Corning Incorporated | Non-yellowing glass laminate structure |
GB201322240D0 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-01-29 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Laminated glazing |
US10525675B2 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2020-01-07 | Solutia Inc. | Polymeric interlayers and multiple layer panels made therefrom exhibiting enhanced properties and performance |
US10343379B2 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2019-07-09 | Solutia Inc. | Polymeric interlayers and multiple layer panels made therefrom exhibiting enhanced properties and performance |
WO2018066903A1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Curved laminated glass and method for manufacturing curved laminated glass |
WO2018136869A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Pittsburgh Glass Works, Llc | Symmetric glazing for improved sound attenuation |
CN110461781B (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2022-11-15 | 康宁公司 | Shaped glass laminates and methods of forming the same |
CO2017012225A1 (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-02-20 | Agp America Sa | Transparent multi impact shield |
CN111278781B (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2022-10-11 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Method of controlling separation between glasses during co-sagging to reduce final shape mismatch between glasses |
DE102018107143A1 (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-09-26 | Volkswagen Ag | Vehicle window and method for its manufacture |
CN109279788B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2022-03-25 | 苏州新吴光电股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating chemical strengthening warping of glass |
GB202003627D0 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-04-29 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Laminated glazing |
GB202009887D0 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-12 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Laminated glazing |
-
1971
- 1971-05-21 GB GB1628371A patent/GB1359166A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-06-01 US US00148334A patent/US3801423A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-12-30 TR TR17620A patent/TR17620A/en unknown
-
1972
- 1972-04-27 IT IT68294/72A patent/IT954772B/en active
- 1972-05-10 SE SE7206178A patent/SE387327B/en unknown
- 1972-05-10 NO NO1670/72A patent/NO132688C/no unknown
- 1972-05-11 IL IL39422A patent/IL39422A0/en unknown
- 1972-05-12 CH CH709872A patent/CH553135A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-05-12 ZA ZA723251A patent/ZA723251B/en unknown
- 1972-05-12 DE DE19722223355 patent/DE2223355A1/en active Pending
- 1972-05-15 FR FR7217358A patent/FR2138707A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1972-05-15 BE BE783459A patent/BE783459A/en unknown
- 1972-05-18 CA CA142,660A patent/CA1013571A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-19 JP JP4976972A patent/JPS5410963B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-05-19 AT AT438372A patent/AT343307B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-05-19 ES ES403414A patent/ES403414A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-19 ES ES403413A patent/ES403413A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-20 NL NL7206886A patent/NL7206886A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1975
- 1975-09-12 SE SE7510190A patent/SE7510190L/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5410963B1 (en) | 1979-05-11 |
IT954772B (en) | 1973-09-15 |
US3801423A (en) | 1974-04-02 |
NL7206886A (en) | 1972-11-23 |
DE2223355A1 (en) | 1972-11-30 |
CH553135A (en) | 1974-08-30 |
SE387327B (en) | 1976-09-06 |
CA1013571A (en) | 1977-07-12 |
ES403413A1 (en) | 1975-04-16 |
GB1359166A (en) | 1974-07-10 |
FR2138707A1 (en) | 1973-01-05 |
ZA723251B (en) | 1973-03-28 |
AU4247472A (en) | 1973-12-20 |
TR17620A (en) | 1975-07-23 |
SE7510190L (en) | 1975-09-12 |
BE783459A (en) | 1972-11-16 |
IL39422A0 (en) | 1972-07-26 |
ES403414A1 (en) | 1976-01-01 |
ATA438372A (en) | 1977-09-15 |
AT343307B (en) | 1978-05-26 |
NO132688C (en) | 1975-12-17 |
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