NO132617B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO132617B NO132617B NO3351/71A NO335171A NO132617B NO 132617 B NO132617 B NO 132617B NO 3351/71 A NO3351/71 A NO 3351/71A NO 335171 A NO335171 A NO 335171A NO 132617 B NO132617 B NO 132617B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- electrodes
- electrode
- graphite
- interrupted
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
- A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
- B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
- B01F25/4321—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa the subflows consisting of at least two flat layers which are recombined, e.g. using means having restriction or expansion zones
- B01F25/43211—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa the subflows consisting of at least two flat layers which are recombined, e.g. using means having restriction or expansion zones using a simple by-pass for separating and recombining the flow, e.g. by using branches of different length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/834—Mixing in several steps, e.g. successive steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
- B01J13/0065—Preparation of gels containing an organic phase
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Fremgangsmåte til kontinuerlig fremstilling av et gel.Process for continuous preparation of a gel.
Description
Elektrisk detonator. Electric detonator.
Oppfinnelsen angår en elektrisk detonator for projektiler, av den art som om-fatter to elektroder som er innbyrdes adskilt ved et elektrisk isolerende materiale. The invention relates to an electric detonator for projectiles, of the kind which includes two electrodes which are mutually separated by an electrically insulating material.
Det er kjent at der i slike detonatorer, It is known that in such detonators,
som følge av bruddet ved slutning av den elektriske krets mellom disse elektroder oppstår en gnist som er tilstrekkelig til å bevirke en momentan forbrenning av den omgivende masse av eksplosivt stoff. as a result of the break on closing the electrical circuit between these electrodes, a spark occurs which is sufficient to cause an instantaneous combustion of the surrounding mass of explosive substance.
Slike detonatorer må tilfredsstille meget nøyaktige og presise krav. Der forlan-ges i det minste: a) at lederen er kjemisk nøytral overfor det eksplosive stoff som den befinner seg i kontakt med, da den ellers kunne forårsake skadelige kjemiske reaksjoner. Such detonators must satisfy very precise and precise requirements. It is required at least: a) that the conductor is chemically neutral towards the explosive substance with which it is in contact, as it could otherwise cause harmful chemical reactions.
b) at de elementer som detonatoren b) that the elements such as the detonator
består av, ikke blir utsatt for noen for-andring i løpet av lagringstiden, slik at man kan være sikker på at den med sik-kerhet vil virke uansett lagringstid. consists of, is not subjected to any change during the storage period, so that one can be sure that it will work reliably regardless of the storage period.
c) at der ikke skjer noen endring, sær-lig av avbrytelsen av den mellom de to c) that no change takes place, especially by the interruption of it between the two
elektoder anbragte leder, slik at de tilstø-tende ender av de to lederstykker forblir intakte, slik at der under normale betingelser vil oppstå en gnist. electrodes placed conductor, so that the adjacent ends of the two conductor pieces remain intact, so that under normal conditions a spark will occur.
d) at en slik detonator kan fremstilles på meget enkel og billig måte og slik at d) that such a detonator can be produced in a very simple and cheap way and so that
dens bestanddelers egenskaper er helt konstante. the properties of its constituents are completely constant.
Alle disse betingelser oppfylles ved All these conditions are met by
oppfinnelsen. Oppfinnelsen utmerker seg i det vesentlige ved at der på overflaten av det elektrisk isolerende materiale og mellom elektrodene er anordnet minst én avbrutt strimmel av et materiale som dan- the invention. The invention is essentially distinguished by the fact that on the surface of the electrically insulating material and between the electrodes there is arranged at least one interrupted strip of a material which
ner en elektrisk leder og er kjemisk nøy-tralt overfor de stoffer som strimmelen befinner seg i kontakt med, og at i det minste ett eksplosivt materiale er i kontakt med denne tynne strimmel. ner an electrical conductor and is chemically neutral to the substances with which the strip is in contact, and that at least one explosive material is in contact with this thin strip.
I henhold til et videre trekk ved oppfinnelsen består strimmelen av grafitt eller et grafittholdig materiale. According to a further feature of the invention, the strip consists of graphite or a graphite-containing material.
Ved en foretrukket utførelse er de to elektroder konsentriske med den ene elektrode rørformet og dens nedre kant inn-bøyet, slik at den danner et sete for en sylindrisk masse av isolerende, såsom syntetisk materiale, gjennom hvilket der er ført en aksial tapp som danner den annen elektrode, idet den avbrutte strimmel er anordnet mellom toppen av den annen elektrode og den periferiske kant av det isolerende materiale, og at der på den således dannede understøttelse er stablet opp de eksplosive materialer som holdes på plass av en kapsel. In a preferred embodiment, the two electrodes are concentric with one electrode being tubular and its lower edge bent in, so that it forms a seat for a cylindrical mass of insulating, such as synthetic material, through which an axial pin is passed which forms the second electrode, the interrupted strip being arranged between the top of the second electrode and the peripheral edge of the insulating material, and that on the support thus formed, the explosive materials are piled up which are held in place by a capsule.
Det er klart at formen, størrelsen og den relative stilling av elektrodene og av den avbrutte elektriske leder utformet som en grafittstrimmel, kan varieres vesentlig. It is clear that the shape, size and relative position of the electrodes and of the interrupted electrical conductor designed as a graphite strip can be varied significantly.
I det følgende skal det derfor bare be-skrives et utførelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. I viser et radialsnitt av en detonator ifølge oppfinnelsen, fig. 2 et snitt efter linje II— II på fig. 1 og fig. 3 et delvis radialsnitt. In the following, therefore, only an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing, where fig. I shows a radial section of a detonator according to the invention, fig. 2 a section along line II—II in fig. 1 and fig. 3 a partial radial section.
Ved dette utførelseseksempel er elektroden 1 utformet som en sylindrisk hylse, hvis nedre kant 2 er innvalset og danner et sete for en masse 3 av elektrisk isolerende materiale, såsom et syntetisk materiale, gjennom hvilket den annen elektrode 4 er ført aksialt. Den isolerende masse 3 er således anordnet ubevegelig mellom den nedre kant 2 og en indre skul-der 5 som er dannet ved delvis utboring av den ytre elektrode. På den øvre overflate av den isolerende masse 3 er der avsatt en radial strimmel 6 av grafitt eller et grafittholdig materiale, hvilken strimmel begyn-ner ved den sentrale elektrode 4 og slutter ved periferien av den isolerende masse 3, slik at den er i kontakt med den tilstøtende del av den ytre elektrode 1. Denne grafittstrimmel 6 er avbrutt ved 7, og hensikts-messig formes bruddstedet eller hakket med skrå vegger, som vist ved 8 og 9 på fig. 3, idet denne utformning har vist seg å være den mest effektive. In this embodiment, the electrode 1 is designed as a cylindrical sleeve, whose lower edge 2 is rolled and forms a seat for a mass 3 of electrically insulating material, such as a synthetic material, through which the second electrode 4 is guided axially. The insulating mass 3 is thus arranged immovably between the lower edge 2 and an inner shoulder 5 which is formed by partially boring out the outer electrode. On the upper surface of the insulating mass 3, a radial strip 6 of graphite or a graphite-containing material is deposited, which strip begins at the central electrode 4 and ends at the periphery of the insulating mass 3, so that it is in contact with the adjacent part of the outer electrode 1. This graphite strip 6 is interrupted at 7, and the break point or notch is conveniently formed with inclined walls, as shown at 8 and 9 in fig. 3, as this design has proven to be the most effective.
På den isolerende masse 3 og den sentrale elektrode 4 er der i det indre av den hule elektrode 1 stablet opp lag 10, 11 og 12 av eksplosive stoffer. Disse stoffer holdes på plass av et deksel 13 som griper inn i ringformet not 14 i elektroden 1. Layers 10, 11 and 12 of explosive substances are piled up on the insulating mass 3 and the central electrode 4 in the interior of the hollow electrode 1. These substances are held in place by a cover 13 which engages in the annular groove 14 in the electrode 1.
Som det sees danner den ved 7 av-brudte grafittstrimmel 6 to stykker, hvorav det ene er i kontakt med elektroden 1 og det annet i kontakt med elektroden 4. Når den elektriske krets sluttes mellom disse to elektroder oppstår der en gnist over bruddstedet 7, hvilket resulterer i en sy-stematisk avfyring av de eksplosive stoffer. As can be seen, at 7, the broken graphite strip 6 forms two pieces, one of which is in contact with electrode 1 and the other in contact with electrode 4. When the electrical circuit is closed between these two electrodes, a spark occurs over the break point 7, which results in a systematic firing of the explosive substances.
Det vil forståes at grafitt eller det grafittholdige stoff innenfor rammen av oppfinnelsen kan erstattes med et hvilket som helst annet materiale eller stoff som tilfredsstiller kravene, dvs. danner en god elektrisk leder og er helt stabilt samt nøy-tralt overfor andre stoffer som lederen kommer i kontakt med i detonatoren. It will be understood that graphite or the graphite-containing substance within the scope of the invention can be replaced with any other material or substance that satisfies the requirements, i.e. forms a good electrical conductor and is completely stable and neutral towards other substances in which the conductor comes contact with in the detonator.
Ved en foretrukket utførelse er grafitt-strimmelen eller den grafittholdige strimmel av et materiale med tilsvarende egenskaper trukket ubrudt fra midten av den sentrale elektrode 4 til periferien av den isolerende masse 3, og er derpå avbrudt eller oppdelt i seksjoner ved hjelp av et passende knivblad. In a preferred embodiment, the graphite strip or the graphite-containing strip of a material with similar properties is drawn unbroken from the center of the central electrode 4 to the periphery of the insulating mass 3, and is then interrupted or divided into sections by means of a suitable knife blade.
På den enkle måte kan gnistgapet In the simple way, the spark gap can
fremstilles meget hurtig og billig, og det er mulig på forhånd å bestemme meget nøyaktig stillingen, tykkelsen og utform-ningen av de innhakk som begrenser gnistgapet eller bruddet. is produced very quickly and cheaply, and it is possible to determine very precisely in advance the position, thickness and design of the notches that limit the spark gap or fracture.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE12466/70A SE358299B (en) | 1970-09-14 | 1970-09-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO132617B true NO132617B (en) | 1975-09-01 |
NO132617C NO132617C (en) | 1975-12-10 |
Family
ID=20295783
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO3351/71A NO132617C (en) | 1970-09-14 | 1971-09-08 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU3347171A (en) |
CA (1) | CA942503A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2145515A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2107663A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1361504A (en) |
IT (1) | IT943421B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7112591A (en) |
NO (1) | NO132617C (en) |
SE (1) | SE358299B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2718038B1 (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1996-05-15 | Ctd Pulverisation | Device for injecting and dosing a product into a water pipe for fire fighting. |
GB0327310D0 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2003-12-24 | Oztech Pty Ltd | Pressure impulse mitigation |
CN109630898B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-06-09 | 河海大学 | Using method of throwing device for manual valve control in pressure pipeline |
CN111905308A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-10 | 威特龙消防安全集团股份公司 | Gel fire extinguishing agent preparation facilities |
FR3125205B1 (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-06-23 | Ynsect | Process for preparing a gel block |
-
1970
- 1970-09-14 SE SE12466/70A patent/SE358299B/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-09-08 NO NO3351/71A patent/NO132617C/no unknown
- 1971-09-10 GB GB4225071A patent/GB1361504A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-11 DE DE19712145515 patent/DE2145515A1/en active Pending
- 1971-09-13 CA CA122,663A patent/CA942503A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-13 IT IT70023/71A patent/IT943421B/en active
- 1971-09-14 FR FR7133124A patent/FR2107663A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-09-14 NL NL7112591A patent/NL7112591A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1971-09-15 AU AU33471/71A patent/AU3347171A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2145515A1 (en) | 1972-03-16 |
IT943421B (en) | 1973-04-02 |
GB1361504A (en) | 1974-07-24 |
AU3347171A (en) | 1973-03-22 |
CA942503A (en) | 1974-02-26 |
FR2107663A5 (en) | 1972-05-05 |
NO132617C (en) | 1975-12-10 |
SE358299B (en) | 1973-07-30 |
NL7112591A (en) | 1972-03-16 |
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