NO131936B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO131936B NO131936B NO3229/70A NO322970A NO131936B NO 131936 B NO131936 B NO 131936B NO 3229/70 A NO3229/70 A NO 3229/70A NO 322970 A NO322970 A NO 322970A NO 131936 B NO131936 B NO 131936B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- gel
- formaldehyde
- temperature
- cross
- Prior art date
Links
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical group NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08J2361/22—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- C08J2361/24—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds with urea or thiourea
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
I norsk patent nr. 125.634 er det omtalt en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av høydisperse, faste, tilnærmet kuleformede partikler av tverrbundne urinstoff-formaldehyd-polykondensasjonsprodukter, eller av tverrbundne modifiserte urinstoff-formaldehyd-polykondensasjonsprodukter, fortrinnsvis modifisert med melamin eller fenol, hvis midlere diameter er mindre enn 1000 Å, hvorved man knuser, tørker og desagglomererer polykondensasjonsproduktene som Norwegian patent no. 125,634 describes a method for producing highly dispersed, solid, approximately spherical particles of cross-linked urea-formaldehyde polycondensation products, or of cross-linked modified urea-formaldehyde polycondensation products, preferably modified with melamine or phenol, whose average diameter is less than 1000 Å, whereby one crushes, dries and deagglomerates the polycondensation products which
foreligger i gelform, idet denne fremgangsmåte er karakterisert vedis available in gel form, as this method is characterized by
at man anvender en vandig oppløsning av et forkondensat av urinstoff that an aqueous solution of a pre-condensate of urea is used
og formaldehyd eller et modifisert forkondensat av urinstoff og formaldehyd som i nærvær av et beskyttelseskolloid overføres i en tverrbundet gel ved tilsetning av sulfaminsyre eller et vannoppløselig ammoniumhydrogensulfat med formel and formaldehyde or a modified precondensate of urea and formaldehyde which, in the presence of a protective colloid, is transferred into a cross-linked gel by the addition of sulfamic acid or a water-soluble ammonium hydrogen sulfate of the formula
hvor R betyr et hydrogenatom eller en alkyl-, cykloalkyl-, hydroksy-alkyl-, aralkyl- eller arylrest, idet mengdeforholdet formaldehyd : urinstoff senest i geldannelsesøyeblikket er større enn 1. where R means a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aralkyl or aryl residue, the ratio of formaldehyde: urea at the latest at the moment of gel formation being greater than 1.
Premgangsmåteproduktene som består av tilnærmelsesvis kuleformede, lite agglomererte primærpartikler med mindre diametere enn 1000 Å egner seg først og fremst til forsterkning av elastomerer, såsom naturlig eller syntetisk kautsjuk. The preformation process products which consist of approximately spherical, slightly agglomerated primary particles with diameters smaller than 1000 Å are primarily suitable for reinforcing elastomers, such as natural or synthetic rubber.
Det er nå funnet at man erholder dispergerte, av tverrbundet urinstoff-formaldehydharpiks bestående produkter med interess-ante tekniske egenskaper hvis man gjennomfører fremgangsmåten fra ovennevnte patent på analog måte, men i fravær av beskyttelseskolloid.-Mengdeforholdet mellom formaldehyd og urinstoff skal også holdes innenfor et bestemt område. It has now been found that dispersed products consisting of cross-linked urea-formaldehyde resin with interesting technical properties are obtained if the method from the above-mentioned patent is carried out in an analogous way, but in the absence of protective colloid.-The quantity ratio between formaldehyde and urea must also be kept within a specific area.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen tilveiebringer høy-disperse urinstoff-formaldehyd-polykondensasjonsprodukter som med hensyn til spesifikt overflateareal adskiller seg klart fra produkter The process according to the invention provides highly dispersed urea-formaldehyde polycondensation products which, with regard to specific surface area, clearly differ from products
fremstillet med tilsetning av beskyttelseskolloid. manufactured with the addition of protective colloid.
De produkter som er fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen egner seg godt som f.eks. hvitpigmenter, som bærematerialer for landbruks-kjemikalier, samt for avvannsrénsing. The products produced according to the invention are well suited as e.g. white pigments, as carrier materials for agricultural chemicals, as well as for wastewater treatment.
Produktene fremstillet ifølge oppfinnelsen er med hensyn til retehsjon, opasitet, klarhet og lys spredning, når det benyttes som hvitpigment i papir, tydelig overlegne overfor produkter fremstillet ifølge norsk patent nr. 125.634. The products produced according to the invention are clearly superior to products produced according to Norwegian patent no. 125,634 in terms of retention, opacity, clarity and light scattering, when used as white pigment in paper.
Også fra US-patent nr. 3.553.115 adskiller fremgangsmåte-produktene seg ved forskjellig spesifikt overflateareal. Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen gir dessuten høyere utbytter enn US-patentet som omtaler fremstilling av polykondensasjonsprodukter i pulverform under anvendelse av HC1 og hjelpetilsetninger." Also from US patent no. 3,553,115, the process products differ by different specific surface areas. The method according to the invention also gives higher yields than the US patent which refers to the production of polycondensation products in powder form using HC1 and auxiliary additives."
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av høydisperse, av primærpartikler .med gjennomsnittlig diameter mindre enn l^um bestående faste stoffer av tverrbundne urinstoff-formaldehyd-polykondensasjonsprodukter, hvorved man: (A) . kondenserer formaldehyd og urinstoff i vandig løsning ved en temperatur i området 40-100°C og pH i området 6 til 9, (B) overfører det således erholdte forkondensat i vandig løsning til en tverrbundet gel ved sammenblanding med sulfaminsyre The invention relates to a method for the production of highly dispersed primary particles with an average diameter of less than 1 µm consisting of solids of cross-linked urea-formaldehyde polycondensation products, whereby: (A) . condenses formaldehyde and urea in aqueous solution at a temperature in the range 40-100°C and pH in the range 6 to 9, (B) transfers the thus obtained precondensate in aqueous solution to a cross-linked gel by mixing with sulfamic acid
og omrøring ved en temperatur fra værelsestemperatur til 100°C, and stirring at a temperature from room temperature to 100°C,
(C) etteroppvarmer den dannede gel i nærvær av vann i temperaturområdet 20 til 100°C i minst 5 minutter, (C) post-heating the formed gel in the presence of water in the temperature range of 20 to 100°C for at least 5 minutes,
(D) pulveriserer, tørker og desagglomererer gelen, (D) pulverize, dry and deagglomerate the gel,
idet fremgangsmåten er karakterisert ved at man foretar overføringen as the procedure is characterized by carrying out the transfer
(B) til tverrbundet gel uten å tilsette noe beskyttelseskolloid, idet det sørges for at molforholdet mellom formaldehyd og urinstoff senest (B) to cross-linked gel without adding any protective colloid, ensuring that the molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea at the latest
i det øyeblikk geldannelsen skjer ligger mellom 1,2 og 2,0. at the moment gelation occurs is between 1.2 and 2.0.
Om ønsket, kan man først fremstille et forkondensat av urinstoff og mindre enn den totalt nødvendige mengde CH20 (f .eks-. 1 mol CH20 pr. 1 mol urinstoff), og tilsette restmengden av formaldehyd først ved den etterfølgende gelering. If desired, one can first prepare a pre-condensate of urea and less than the total required amount of CH20 (e.g. 1 mol of CH20 per 1 mol of urea), and add the remaining amount of formaldehyde only during the subsequent gelation.
Hensiktsmessig anvender man imidlertid allerede ved fremstillingen av forkondensatet mere enn 1,2 mol, og fortrinnsvis omtrent 1,5 mol formaldehyd pr. mol urinstoff. Anvendt formaldehyd-mengde totalt skal være under 2 mol formaldehyd pr. mol urinstoff. Appropriately, however, more than 1.2 mol, and preferably approximately 1.5 mol of formaldehyde per moles of urea. The total amount of formaldehyde used must be below 2 mol of formaldehyde per moles of urea.
Forkondensatet blir fremstilt i et pH-område mellom 6 og 9, og i et temperaturområde mellom 40 og 100°C. Reaksjonstiden skal hensiktsmessig være så lang at størsteparten av formaldehydet (omtrent 90%) har anledning til å'reagere med urinstoff, men ikke så lang at vanntoleransen av forkondensatet blir så liten at dets homogene sammenblanding med syreoppløsningen ikke lenger er mulig. Forholdsvis høye temperaturer og forholdsvis lave pH-verdier fører i løpet av kort tid til den ønskede polykondensasjonsgrad. The pre-condensate is produced in a pH range between 6 and 9, and in a temperature range between 40 and 100°C. The reaction time should appropriately be so long that the majority of the formaldehyde (approximately 90%) has the opportunity to react with urea, but not so long that the water tolerance of the precondensate becomes so small that its homogeneous mixing with the acid solution is no longer possible. Relatively high temperatures and relatively low pH values lead within a short time to the desired degree of polycondensation.
Geldannelsen tilveiebringes ved sammenblanding av forkondensatet i vandig løsning med sulfaminsyre ved temperaturer mellom romtemperatur og 100°C. , Dersom man velger syrestyrken og temperaturen riktig, inntrer geldannelsen i løpet av noen få sekunder. Man må derfor sørge for en intensiv, kortvarig sammenblanding av forkondensatet med.syreoppløsningen. En kontinuerlig sammenblanding av de to oppløsninger er herved særlig hensiktsmessig. Geldannelsen er svakt eksotermisk, varmekapasiteten av reaksjonsblandingen er imidlertid tilstrekkelig for å oppta også under adiabatiske betingelser reaksjonsvarmen som i regelen forårsaker en temperaturøkning på 10 - 15°C. The gel formation is provided by mixing the pre-condensate in aqueous solution with sulphamic acid at temperatures between room temperature and 100°C. , If the acid strength and temperature are chosen correctly, gel formation occurs within a few seconds. One must therefore ensure an intensive, short-term mixing of the pre-condensate with the acid solution. A continuous mixing of the two solutions is particularly appropriate here. The gel formation is slightly exothermic, however, the heat capacity of the reaction mixture is sufficient to absorb even under adiabatic conditions the heat of reaction which, as a rule, causes a temperature increase of 10 - 15°C.
Til tross for sitt høye vanninnhold er gelen formbe-standig. Den lar seg lett pulverisere, f.eks. ved hjelp av et ek-struderingsapparat eller en skjæregranulator. Den pulveriserte gel bør hensiktsmessig ved vasking med vann og/eller ved behandling med alkali befris.for minst hovedmengden av k \taly?atorsyre. Ved opp-arbeidelse arbeider man som regel således at man etter pulverisering innstiller gelen nøytral i vandig oppsjemming, deretter filtreres eller sentrifugeres og eventuelt vaskes for å fjerne uorganisk salt. Etter tørking og avkjøling, avagglomererer man det faste, usmeltbare og uoppløselige polykondensasjonsprodukt ved hjelp av en slagmølle eller strålemølle. Despite its high water content, the gel is dimensionally stable. It can be easily pulverized, e.g. by means of an extruding apparatus or a cutting granulator. The pulverized gel should be expediently freed from at least the main amount of caloric acid by washing with water and/or by treatment with alkali. When working up, you usually work in such a way that, after pulverization, you set the gel neutral in an aqueous solution, then filter or centrifuge and, if necessary, wash to remove inorganic salt. After drying and cooling, the solid, infusible and insoluble polycondensation product is deagglomerated using an impact mill or jet mill.
Ved siden av å brukes som pigmenter, bærestoffer eller adsorbsjonsmidler kan de i henhold til fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilte produkter også anvendes som forsterkende fyll-stoffer for elastomerer, såsom naturlige eller syntetiske kautsjuker. In addition to being used as pigments, carriers or adsorbents, the products produced according to the method according to the invention can also be used as reinforcing fillers for elastomers, such as natural or synthetic rubbers.
I de følgende eksempler betyr deler vektdeler og pro-senter betyr vektprosenter. In the following examples, parts means parts by weight and pro-center means percentages by weight.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
750 deler 30%- ig vandig formaldehydoppløsning blir inn-stilt med fortynnet natronlut til en pH = 7,5 og opphetet til 70°C. Man tilsetter 300 deler urinstoff og kondenserer i 3 timer ved pH = 7,5 og 70°C. 750 parts of a 30% aqueous formaldehyde solution are adjusted with diluted caustic soda to a pH = 7.5 and heated to 70°C. 300 parts of urea are added and condensed for 3 hours at pH = 7.5 and 70°C.
Den således erholdte forkondensatoppløsning blir kjølt til 30°C og hurtig blandet med en oppløsning av 16 deler sulfaminsyre i 100 deler vann, som eventuelt ble opphetet til 30°C. Geldannelsen inntrer hurtig, temperaturen stiger til ca. 60°C (konsen-trasjon ved geleringen 45?). Man lar gelen stå i 3 timer ved denne temperatur, pulveriserer den i en skjæregranulator, oppslemmer den i en like stor eller, dobbelt mengde vann og nøytraliserer med en 10SS-ig vandig oppløsning av Na2C0j. Deretter blir produktet suget av, vasket, tørket-ved 110°C i 24 timer i en luftstrøm, og etter avkjøling malt i en tappskivemølle med høyt omdreiningstall. Man erholder 382 deler (svarende til et utbytte av 1,27 kg pr. 1 kg av brukt urinstoff) av et frittflytende hvitt pulver med følgende egenskaper : The precondensate solution thus obtained is cooled to 30°C and quickly mixed with a solution of 16 parts of sulfamic acid in 100 parts of water, which was optionally heated to 30°C. Gel formation occurs quickly, the temperature rises to approx. 60°C (concentration at the gelation 45?). The gel is allowed to stand for 3 hours at this temperature, pulverized in a cutting granulator, suspended in an equal or double amount of water and neutralized with a 10SS aqueous solution of Na2C0j. The product is then suctioned off, washed, dried at 110°C for 24 hours in an air stream and, after cooling, ground in a high-speed rotary disc mill. 382 parts are obtained (corresponding to a yield of 1.27 kg per 1 kg of used urea) of a free-flowing white powder with the following properties:
Eksempler 2- 4. Examples 2-4.
Man arbeider nøyaktig som i eksempel 1, men kondenserer i en sterkere fortynnet vandig, oppløsning, idet man tilsetter til One works exactly as in example 1, but condenses in a more dilute aqueous solution, while adding to
blandingen av 300 deler urinstoff og 750 deler 30$-ig vandig. CH^O-opplpsning, ennå de i den følgende tabell angitte vannmengder. Utbytter og egenskaper av de erholdte frittflytende pulvere er også angitt i den følgende tabell: the mixture of 300 parts urea and 750 parts 30$-ig aqueous. CH^O solution, still the quantities of water indicated in the following table. Yields and properties of the obtained free-flowing powders are also indicated in the following table:
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1382969A CH533143A (en) | 1968-03-21 | 1969-09-12 | Highly disperse crosslinked ureaformaldeh |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131936B true NO131936B (en) | 1975-05-20 |
NO131936C NO131936C (en) | 1975-08-27 |
Family
ID=4395683
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO3229/70A NO131936C (en) | 1969-09-12 | 1970-08-25 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS492030B1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE756029R (en) |
DE (1) | DE2044003C3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES383547A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2059767B2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1296246A (en) |
IT (1) | IT951912B (en) |
NL (1) | NL149193B (en) |
NO (1) | NO131936C (en) |
SE (1) | SE366050B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA705676B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2492759A1 (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1982-04-30 | Citroen Sa | IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO ROTARY ASSISTANCE MECHANISMS, IN PARTICULAR FOR VEHICLE STEERING |
GB2172894B (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1989-05-10 | Muirhead Data Communications L | Melamine/formaldehyde and urea/formaldehyde resinous materials |
EP1128405A1 (en) * | 2000-02-21 | 2001-08-29 | Cherry GmbH | Microswitch module |
-
0
- BE BE756029D patent/BE756029R/en active
-
1970
- 1970-08-12 FR FR707029702A patent/FR2059767B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-08-18 ZA ZA705676A patent/ZA705676B/en unknown
- 1970-08-20 GB GB1296246D patent/GB1296246A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-08-25 NO NO3229/70A patent/NO131936C/no unknown
- 1970-09-04 DE DE2044003A patent/DE2044003C3/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-10 IT IT53323/70A patent/IT951912B/en active
- 1970-09-11 NL NL707013493A patent/NL149193B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-09-11 SE SE12380/70A patent/SE366050B/xx unknown
- 1970-09-11 ES ES383547A patent/ES383547A2/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-12 JP JP45079695A patent/JPS492030B1/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT951912B (en) | 1973-07-10 |
DE2044003A1 (en) | 1971-03-25 |
NL149193B (en) | 1976-04-15 |
FR2059767A2 (en) | 1971-06-04 |
DE2044003B2 (en) | 1974-07-25 |
DE2044003C3 (en) | 1975-04-10 |
BE756029R (en) | 1971-03-11 |
NL7013493A (en) | 1971-03-16 |
GB1296246A (en) | 1972-11-15 |
JPS492030B1 (en) | 1974-01-18 |
ZA705676B (en) | 1971-06-30 |
ES383547A2 (en) | 1973-01-01 |
NO131936C (en) | 1975-08-27 |
FR2059767B2 (en) | 1973-01-12 |
SE366050B (en) | 1974-04-08 |
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