NO131803B - - Google Patents
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- NO131803B NO131803B NO221869A NO221869A NO131803B NO 131803 B NO131803 B NO 131803B NO 221869 A NO221869 A NO 221869A NO 221869 A NO221869 A NO 221869A NO 131803 B NO131803 B NO 131803B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol
- polyvinyl
- reaction
- polyvinyl alcohols
- alcohols
- Prior art date
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 aliphatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/28—Condensation with aldehydes or ketones
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer. Process for the production of modified polyvinyl alcohols.
Det er kjent å anvende polyvinylalkoholer til fremstilling av polymerisater i dispergert form og av denne anvendelse gjøres det i økende grad bruk. For fremstilling av polymerisatdispersjoner vinner ved siden av p.olyvinylalkoholene modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer stadig betydning. Modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer som er egnet for fremstilling av polymerisatdispersjoner er faks. delfor-såpede polyvinylalkoholer med restacylinnhold på f.eks. 10 eller 25%, som med hensyn til deres kjemiske og fysikalske stoffverdier, oppløselighet i vann, viskositet av den vandige oppløsning, adskiller seg sterkt fra de tilsvarende fullforsåpede polyvinylalkoholer. Som modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer som er egnet for fremstilling av dispersjoner skal det videre nevnes slike produkter hvori f.eks. sulfo-og resp. eller aldehydgrupper ble innbygget. It is known to use polyvinyl alcohols for the production of polymers in dispersed form and this application is increasingly used. For the production of polymer dispersions, in addition to polyvinyl alcohols, modified polyvinyl alcohols are gaining importance. Modified polyvinyl alcohols suitable for the production of polymer dispersions are fax. partially pre-saponified polyvinyl alcohols with a residual acyl content of e.g. 10 or 25%, which with regard to their chemical and physical substance values, solubility in water, viscosity of the aqueous solution, differ greatly from the corresponding fully saponified polyvinyl alcohols. As modified polyvinyl alcohols which are suitable for the production of dispersions, such products shall also be mentioned in which e.g. sulfo and resp. or aldehyde groups were incorporated.
Med disse stoffer som virker som emulgatorer og beskyt-telseskolloider og hindrer en sedimentering av den dispergerte fase, fåes emulsjoner og dispersjoner med utmerket stabilitet og spesielt verdifulle egenskaper. With these substances, which act as emulsifiers and protective colloids and prevent sedimentation of the dispersed phase, emulsions and dispersions with excellent stability and particularly valuable properties are obtained.
Fremstillingen av de modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer, som inneholder aldehydgrupper, foregår vanligvis ved hjelp av sur katalysert alkoholyse av polyvinylesteren ved tilsetning av mindre mengder alifatiske aldehyder. Under alkoholysen i nærvær av alifatiske aldehyder finner det samtidig sted en acetalisering av polyvinylalkoholen. De modifiserte polyvinylalkoholers acetalinnhold ligger vanligvis mellom 1 og 10?. The production of the modified polyvinyl alcohols, which contain aldehyde groups, usually takes place by means of acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of the polyvinyl ester with the addition of smaller amounts of aliphatic aldehydes. During the alcoholysis in the presence of aliphatic aldehydes, an acetalization of the polyvinyl alcohol simultaneously takes place. The acetal content of the modified polyvinyl alcohols is usually between 1 and 10%.
Denne fremgangsmåten å fremstille de modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer med acetalinnhold inntil 10% ved sur katalytisk alkoholyse i nærvær av alifatiske aldehyder, er imidlertid teknisk meget omstendelig og har noen ulemper: Således kan det f.eks. bare anvendes fortynnede alkoholiske oppløsninger av polyvinylestrene. Des-suten krever den sure katalyserte alkoholyse meget lange reaksjonstider fra 15 til 25 timer. This method of producing the modified polyvinyl alcohols with an acetal content of up to 10% by acid catalytic alcoholysis in the presence of aliphatic aldehydes is, however, technically very cumbersome and has some disadvantages: Thus, it can e.g. only dilute alcoholic solutions of the polyvinyl esters are used. Des-suten, the acid-catalyzed alcoholysis requires very long reaction times of 15 to 25 hours.
Fra britisk patent nr. 791.316 er det kjent å behandle polyvinylalkohol med mindre mengder formaldehyd eller et dialdehyd, idet det finner sted en liten nettdannelse og den således behandlede polyvinylalkohol oppløser seg lett og uten agglomerering i vandige medier. De kjemiske og fysikalske egenskaper av polyvinylalkoholen forblir dermed omtrent uforandret. I motsetning til dette får man ved acetalisering av polyvinylalkohol med små mengder av et monoal-dehyd med 2-4 C-atomer modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer, som anvendes ved fremstilling av polymerisatdispersjoner og gir disse spesielle fordelaktige egenskaper. From British patent no. 791,316, it is known to treat polyvinyl alcohol with smaller amounts of formaldehyde or a dialdehyde, as a small net formation takes place and the thus treated polyvinyl alcohol dissolves easily and without agglomeration in aqueous media. The chemical and physical properties of the polyvinyl alcohol thus remain approximately unchanged. In contrast to this, by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with small amounts of a monoaldehyde with 2-4 C atoms, modified polyvinyl alcohols are obtained, which are used in the production of polymer dispersions and give these special advantageous properties.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører altså en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av vannoppløselige modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer med acetalinnhold inntil 10% ved omsetning av polyvinylalkohol med aldehyder i surt medium, idet fremgangsmåten er karakterisert ved at det anvendes monoaldehyder som inneholder 2-4 C-atomer og at man gjennom-fører omsetningen i heterogen fase med polyvinylalkohol foreliggende i suspendert form. The invention thus relates to a method for the production of water-soluble modified polyvinyl alcohols with an acetal content of up to 10% by reacting polyvinyl alcohol with aldehydes in an acidic medium, the method being characterized by the use of monoaldehydes containing 2-4 C atoms and by carrying out the reaction in heterogeneous phase with polyvinyl alcohol present in suspended form.
Hertil kan det anvendes polyvinylalkoholer med f.eks. K-verdier (ifølge Fikentscher) fra 30 til 90, som på enkel måte f.eks. ble fremstilt ved alkalisk katalysert alkoholyse av etter en suspensjons-(perle)-, blokk- eller oppløsningsmiddel-polymerisasjons-fremgangsmåte dannet polyvinylester, f.eks. polyvinylacetat. De som utgangsprodukter anvendte polyvinylalkoholer kan enten danne fullforsåpede polyvinylestere eller slike vannoppløselige forsåpningspro-dukter av polyvinylestere, som inneholder inntil 15%, fortrinnsvis inntil 12% av acylgrupper, spesielt acetylgrupper. Med disse polyvinylalkoholer fremstilles da ved tilsetning av egnede organiske oppløsningsmiddel, hvori polyvinylalkohol er uoppløselig, konsentrerte suspensjoner som inneholder inntil 50% polyvinylalkohol, fortrinnsvis 15 til 25%. Som organiske oppløsningsmidler anvendes f.eks. alkoholer eller alifatiske og aromatiske hydrokarboner, som metanol, etanol, pentan, heksan, benzen, toluen osv. Polyvinylalko-holenes omsetning foregår i heterogen reaksjon med alifatiske aldehyder med 2 til 4 C-atomer. De anvendte aldehydmengder ligger vanligvis mellom 1 og 10%, fortrinnsvis imidlertid mellom 3 og 7%, referert til den anvendte polyvinylalkoholmengde. Som katalysatorer anvendes sterke syrer, som saltsyre, svovelsyre, oleum, perklorsyre, sulfonsyre, som anvendes i mengder fra 3 til 8%, fortrinnsvis 4 Polyvinyl alcohols with e.g. K-values (according to Fikentscher) from 30 to 90, which in a simple way e.g. was prepared by alkaline-catalyzed alcoholysis of polyvinyl ester formed after a suspension (bead), block or solvent polymerization method, e.g. polyvinyl acetate. The polyvinyl alcohols used as starting products can either form fully saponified polyvinyl esters or such water-soluble saponification products of polyvinyl esters, which contain up to 15%, preferably up to 12%, of acyl groups, especially acetyl groups. With these polyvinyl alcohols, concentrated suspensions containing up to 50% polyvinyl alcohol, preferably 15 to 25%, are then produced by adding suitable organic solvents, in which polyvinyl alcohol is insoluble. As organic solvents, e.g. alcohols or aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as methanol, ethanol, pentane, hexane, benzene, toluene, etc. The conversion of the polyvinyl alcohols takes place in a heterogeneous reaction with aliphatic aldehydes with 2 to 4 C atoms. The amounts of aldehyde used are usually between 1 and 10%, however preferably between 3 and 7%, referred to the amount of polyvinyl alcohol used. Strong acids are used as catalysts, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oleum, perchloric acid, sulphonic acid, which are used in amounts from 3 to 8%, preferably 4
til 5%, referert til polyvinylalkoholen. to 5%, referred to the polyvinyl alcohol.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan gjennomføres ved The method according to the invention can be carried out by
temperaturer mellom 0 og 80°C. Spesielt gunstig er reaksjonstempera-turer mellom 50 og 70°C, da i dette tilfellet de nødvendige reaksjonstider ligger under 3 timer. Ligger reaksjonstemperaturen under 50°C, så er reaksjonshastigheten mindre. Ved høyere temperaturer, f.eks. over 85°C, begynner reaksjonsblandingen å farge seg gul til brun. temperatures between 0 and 80°C. Particularly favorable are reaction temperatures between 50 and 70°C, as in this case the required reaction times are under 3 hours. If the reaction temperature is below 50°C, the reaction rate is lower. At higher temperatures, e.g. above 85°C, the reaction mixture begins to turn yellow to brown.
Denne fremgangsmåte å fremstille de vannoppløselige modifiserte polyvinylalkoholer med acetalinnhold inntil 10% direkte fra polyvinylalkoholer ved omsetninger med aldehyder i heterogen reaksjon, har overfor de hittil anvendte fremgangsmåter med sur katalysert alkoholyse av polyvinylestere betraktelige fordeler: Omsetningen foregår i konsentrerte suspensjoner, de nødvendige reaksjonstider er korte og ligger ved 2 til 3 timer. Det kan anvendes enhver ønskelig polyvinylalkohol som ble fremstilt etter en av de kjente fremgangsmåter. Den heterogene reaksjon forløper med tilnærmet 100#-ig omsetning. På grunn av de korte reaksjonstider kan omsetningen foregå kontinuerlig eller diskontinuerlig. Denne fremgangsmåte er således teknisk meget enkel og spesielt økonomisk This method of producing the water-soluble modified polyvinyl alcohols with an acetal content of up to 10% directly from polyvinyl alcohols by reactions with aldehydes in a heterogeneous reaction has considerable advantages compared to the previously used methods with acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of polyvinyl esters: The reaction takes place in concentrated suspensions, the required reaction times are short and lies at 2 to 3 hours. Any desired polyvinyl alcohol which was produced according to one of the known methods can be used. The heterogeneous reaction proceeds with a turnover of approximately 100#. Due to the short reaction times, turnover can take place continuously or discontinuously. This method is thus technically very simple and particularly economical
å gjennomføre. to carry out.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
Som utgangsmateriale tjener en delforsåpet polyvinylalkohol med et restacetylinnhold på 12? og en K-verdi på 30, og som ble fremstilt ved alkalisk katalysert alkoholyse av etter en blokk-polymerisasjonsfremgangsmåte dannet polyvinylacetat. 100,0 vektdeler av denne polyvinylalkohol suspenderes i 300,0 vektdeler benzen. Denne suspensjon blandes med 20,0 vektdeler 20?-ig vandig perklorsyre og med 6,5 vektdeler acetaldehyd og oppvarmes 2\ time ved 65°C. A partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol with a residual acetyl content of 12? and a K-value of 30, and which was produced by alkaline-catalyzed alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate formed by a block polymerization process. 100.0 parts by weight of this polyvinyl alcohol are suspended in 300.0 parts by weight of benzene. This suspension is mixed with 20.0 parts by weight of 20% aqueous perchloric acid and with 6.5 parts by weight of acetaldehyde and heated for 2 hours at 65°C.
Etter reaksjonsblandingens avkjøling frafiltreres pro-duktet, vaskes med benzen og tørkes. Den dannede modifiserte polyvinylalkohol har et acetalinnhold på 6,3 til 6,5%. After the reaction mixture has cooled, the product is filtered off, washed with benzene and dried. The modified polyvinyl alcohol formed has an acetal content of 6.3 to 6.5%.
Eksempel 2 . Example 2.
Det anvendes en fullforsåpet polyvinylalkohol med en K-verdi på 60, som ble fremstilt ved alkalisk katalysert alkoholyse av en etter en oppløsningspolymerisasjons-fremgangsmåte dannet polyvinylester. A fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol with a K-value of 60 is used, which was produced by alkaline-catalyzed alcoholysis of a polyvinyl ester formed by a solution polymerization method.
Av 100,0 vektdeler av denne polyvinylalkohol og 565 vektdeler metanol fremstilles en 15?-ig suspensjon. Denne suspensjon blandes med 5,25 vektdeler 95?-ig svovelsyre og med 4,8 vektdeler n-butyraldehyd og oppvarmes i 2 timer ved 60°C. Etter omsetningen frafiltreres den modifiserte polyvinylalkohol, vaskes med metanol og tørkes. A 15% suspension is prepared from 100.0 parts by weight of this polyvinyl alcohol and 565 parts by weight of methanol. This suspension is mixed with 5.25 parts by weight of 95% sulfuric acid and with 4.8 parts by weight of n-butyraldehyde and heated for 2 hours at 60°C. After the reaction, the modified polyvinyl alcohol is filtered off, washed with methanol and dried.
Den dannede polyvinylalkohol har et acetalinnhold fra 4,7 til 4,8?. The polyvinyl alcohol formed has an acetal content of 4.7 to 4.8%.
Eksempel 3. Example 3.
Det anvendes en fullforsåpet polyvinylalkohol med en K-verdi på 70, som ble fremstilt ved hjelp av alkalisk katalysert alkoholyse av etter en perlepolymerisasjonsfremgangsmåte dannet polyvinylacetat av perlepolymerisat. A fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol with a K-value of 70 is used, which was produced by means of alkaline-catalyzed alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate from pearl polymer formed after a pearl polymerization process.
100,0 vektdeler av denne polyvinylalkohol suspenderes i 565 vektdeler etanol. Til denne suspensjon settes 5,2 vektdeler propionaldehyd og 4,5 vektdeler benzensulfonsyre; deretter oppvarmes blandingen i 2 timer ved 70°C. 100.0 parts by weight of this polyvinyl alcohol are suspended in 565 parts by weight of ethanol. 5.2 parts by weight of propionaldehyde and 4.5 parts by weight of benzenesulfonic acid are added to this suspension; then the mixture is heated for 2 hours at 70°C.
Etter avkjøling frafiltreres den modifiserte polyvinylalkohol, vaskes med etanol og tørkes. After cooling, the modified polyvinyl alcohol is filtered off, washed with ethanol and dried.
Det dannede produkt har et acetalinnhold fra 5,0 til 5,2?. The product formed has an acetal content of from 5.0 to 5.2%.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681770580 DE1770580A1 (en) | 1968-06-06 | 1968-06-06 | Process for the production of modified polyvinyl alcohols |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131803B true NO131803B (en) | 1975-04-28 |
NO131803C NO131803C (en) | 1975-08-06 |
Family
ID=5700560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO221869A NO131803C (en) | 1968-06-06 | 1969-05-29 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE734224A (en) |
BR (1) | BR6909530D0 (en) |
DE (1) | DE1770580A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES368037A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2010293A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6907931A (en) |
NO (1) | NO131803C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1176058B (en) * | 1959-07-29 | 1964-08-13 | Demag Zug Gmbh | Stacking device for ring-shaped goods, especially wire bundles |
DE1180318B (en) * | 1961-02-13 | 1964-10-22 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Lift truck |
DE1194771B (en) * | 1961-09-02 | 1965-06-10 | Demag Zug Gmbh | Shelf stacking device with swiveling support frame on the lifting carriage |
DE3417876C2 (en) * | 1984-05-14 | 1987-05-14 | Windmöller & Hölscher, 4540 Lengerich | Device for stacking objects |
DE3825104A1 (en) * | 1988-07-23 | 1990-02-01 | Wolfgang Dr Zimmermann | HEAT-STABILIZED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
-
1968
- 1968-06-06 DE DE19681770580 patent/DE1770580A1/en active Pending
-
1969
- 1969-05-23 NL NL6907931A patent/NL6907931A/xx unknown
- 1969-05-29 NO NO221869A patent/NO131803C/no unknown
- 1969-06-04 ES ES368037A patent/ES368037A1/en not_active Expired
- 1969-06-06 BR BR20953069A patent/BR6909530D0/en unknown
- 1969-06-06 BE BE734224D patent/BE734224A/xx unknown
- 1969-06-06 FR FR6918718A patent/FR2010293A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE734224A (en) | 1969-12-08 |
NL6907931A (en) | 1969-12-09 |
NO131803C (en) | 1975-08-06 |
DE1770580A1 (en) | 1971-11-04 |
BR6909530D0 (en) | 1973-01-04 |
ES368037A1 (en) | 1971-05-01 |
FR2010293A1 (en) | 1970-02-13 |
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