NO131323B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO131323B
NO131323B NO2330/73A NO233073A NO131323B NO 131323 B NO131323 B NO 131323B NO 2330/73 A NO2330/73 A NO 2330/73A NO 233073 A NO233073 A NO 233073A NO 131323 B NO131323 B NO 131323B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
needle
blood
plug
chamber
sleeve
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NO2330/73A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO131323C (en
Inventor
J J Thomas
W Smith
Original Assignee
Johnson & Johnson
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Publication date
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Publication of NO131323B publication Critical patent/NO131323B/no
Publication of NO131323C publication Critical patent/NO131323C/no

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M39/00Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
    • A61M39/20Closure caps or plugs for connectors or open ends of tubes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0693Flashback chambers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00902Material properties transparent or translucent
    • A61B2017/00907Material properties transparent or translucent for light
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S604/00Surgery
    • Y10S604/90Telltale showing entry of blood into body inserted conduit

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)

Description

Intravenøs nålenhet. Intravenous needle device.

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører intravenøs nål-enheter og spesielt en muffekonstruksjon og plugg som kan nyttes med en intravenøs nål for å påvise tilstedeværelsen av nålspissen i et blodkar og for å forhindre blodstrøm fra enheten under en vene-punkteringsprosedyre. The present invention relates to intravenous needle devices and more particularly to a sleeve structure and plug that can be used with an intravenous needle to detect the presence of the needle tip in a blood vessel and to prevent blood flow from the device during a venipuncture procedure.

Oppfinnelsen vedrører mer detaljert en intravenøs nål-'enhet omfattende en hul med spiss forsynt nål, en muffe festet til nålens tilkoplingsende, hvilken muffe har et transparent bloddetekteringskammer-; og en plugg løsbart festet i kammerets åpne ende og som har en innretning for utslipping av luft fra og for å forhindre blodstrøm fra kammeret. Derved muliggjøres at blodet kan strømme fra blodkaret inn i bloddetekteringskammeret under fortreng-ning av luften i dette gjennom nevnte innretning i pluggen samt at blodet forhindres fra å trenge igjennom nevnte innretning. The invention relates in more detail to an intravenous needle unit comprising a hollow tipped needle, a sleeve attached to the connecting end of the needle, which sleeve has a transparent blood detection chamber; and a plug releasably attached to the open end of the chamber and having a device for discharging air from and preventing blood flow from the chamber. Thereby, it is made possible for the blood to flow from the blood vessel into the blood detection chamber while displacing the air therein through said device in the plug, and that the blood is prevented from penetrating through said device.

Under plassering av en nål eller et fleksibelt plastkateter i en åre eller annen legemsdel, er det ønskelig å avgjøre hvorvidt nålspissen eller kateteret er riktig plassert inne i åren. Fordi innføring av nålenheten i åren vanligvis oppnås ved bruk av During placement of a needle or a flexible plastic catheter in a vein or other body part, it is desirable to determine whether the needle tip or the catheter is correctly positioned inside the vein. Because insertion of the needle unit into the vein is usually achieved by the use of

en stiv metallnål, er det umulig å påvise tilstedeværelsen av blod i nålen og nålmuffen, og således nålspissens tilstedeværelse i åren. Innføringsnåler er vanligvis utstyrt med en muffe, og ved noen kjente utstyr er nålens muffeparti utstyrt med transparente inspeksjonskamre a rigid metal needle, it is impossible to demonstrate the presence of blood in the needle and needle sleeve, and thus the presence of the needle tip in the vein. Insertion needles are usually equipped with a sleeve, and in some known devices the sleeve part of the needle is equipped with transparent inspection chambers

inn i hvilke blodet kan strømme for å indikere at nålspissen er riktig plassert. Imidlertid ble blodstrømmen fra inspeksjonskammeret into which the blood can flow to indicate that the needle tip is correctly positioned. However, the blood flow from the inspection chamber

tidligere kontrollert, dvs. stanset, av en plugg som blir stukket inn i kammeret etter at blodet virkelig kom til syne i dette. Følgelig hendte det ofte at blod kunne strømme fra kammeret før pluggen var stukket helt inn i kammeret for å forhindre blodstrøm fra dette. previously controlled, i.e. stopped, by a plug inserted into the chamber after the blood actually appeared therein. Consequently, it often happened that blood could flow from the chamber before the plug was fully inserted into the chamber to prevent blood flow therefrom.

Det har derfor i mange år vært ønskelig å tilveiebringe et bloddetekteringskammer i hvilket blodet kunne flyte for å indikere at nålspissen hadde blitt riktig plassert, idet kammeret måtte være forsynt med en innretning for utslipping av luft fra dette for derved å muliggjøre strøm av blodet inn i dette og for å forhindre blodstrøm fra kammeret. It has therefore been desirable for many years to provide a blood detection chamber in which the blood could flow to indicate that the needle tip had been correctly positioned, as the chamber had to be provided with a device for releasing air from this to thereby enable the flow of the blood into this and to prevent blood flow from the chamber.

Det er tidligere kjent innretninger i forbindelse med f.eks. blodtransfusjonsutstyr, som tillater inntrengning av luft i væskeoppbevaringsbeholderen for å hindre at det oppstår et undertrykk i denne under utmating av væsken, samtidig som nevnte innretning hin-drer utstrømning av væske. En slik ventilinnretning i nevnte forbindelse har som primært formål å indikere utmatningshastigheten av væsken ved det antall luftbobler som slippes inn i væskebeholderen gjennom nevnte innretning (Se f.eks. U.S. patenter nr. 2.770.23^ og nr. 3.^56.647. There are previously known devices in connection with e.g. blood transfusion equipment, which allows the ingress of air into the liquid storage container to prevent a negative pressure occurring in it during dispensing of the liquid, at the same time that said device prevents the outflow of liquid. Such a valve device in the aforementioned connection has as its primary purpose to indicate the discharge rate of the liquid by the number of air bubbles that are admitted into the liquid container through said device (See, for example, U.S. patents no. 2,770,23^ and no. 3,^56,647.

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer en enkel innretning ved en plugg som kan settes fast inne i den proksimale ende av et transparent bloddetekteringskammer på en innstikningsnål-r.uffe, hvilken innretning ér utformet for å slippe ut luft fra bloddetekteringskammeret når innføringsnålen blir plassert inne i et blodkar slik at blodet kan strømme fra karet inn i kammeret samt for å forhindre strøm av slikt blod fra bloddetekteringskammeret inntil pluggen fjernes fra dettes endeåpning. (Med uttrykket "den-proksimale ende" forstås den ende som er nærmest operatøren og lengst vekk fra pasi-enten. Tilsvarende betyr "den distale ende" den ende av f.eks. et kateter, en nålenhet eller annet instrument som er lengst vekk fra operatøren. Disse uttrykk en vanlig brukt blant annet på det medi-sinske område i USA. ) Pluggen med den nevnte innretning har e- n relativ enkel utførelse med ingen bevegelige deler og kan hurtig stikkes inn i og fjernes fra bloddetekteringskammeret proksimale åpne ende. The present invention provides a simple device by means of a plug which can be fixed inside the proximal end of a transparent blood detection chamber of a lancing device, which device is designed to release air from the blood detection chamber when the introduction needle is placed inside a blood vessel so that the blood can flow from the vessel into the chamber and to prevent the flow of such blood from the blood detection chamber until the plug is removed from its end opening. (The term "proximal end" means the end that is closest to the operator and farthest from the patient. Similarly, "the distal end" means the end of e.g. a catheter, a needle unit or other instrument that is furthest away from the operator. These expressions are commonly used, among other things, in the medical field in the USA. ) The plug with the aforementioned device has a relatively simple design with no moving parts and can be quickly inserted into and removed from the blood detection chamber's proximal open end.

Ifølge oppfinnelsen er pluggen utstyrt med en aksiell åpning på tvers av hvilken det er anbrakt et tynt plast diafragma. Diafragmaet har en åpning som er av tilstrekkelig størrelse til å tillate luft å passere fra blodkammeret mens den samtidig er av så liten størrelse at gjennomstrømning av blod forhindres. Diafragmaet med nevnte åpning utgjør således innretningen ved pluggen. According to the invention, the plug is equipped with an axial opening across which a thin plastic diaphragm is placed. The diaphragm has an opening of sufficient size to allow air to pass from the blood chamber while at the same time being of such a small size as to prevent the flow of blood. The diaphragm with said opening thus forms the device at the plug.

Oppfinnelsen vil bli mer detaljert beskrevet i forbindelse med den etterfølgende beskrivelse av en foretrukken utførelses-form av oppfinnelsen og med henvisning til tegningen hvor The invention will be described in more detail in connection with the subsequent description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and with reference to the drawing where

fig. 1 er et perspektivriss av en intravenøs nålenhet som viser pluggen med innretning ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse i en stilling fjernet fra enden av bloddetekteringskammeret, fig. 1 is a perspective view of an intravenous needle assembly showing the plug with device according to the present invention in a position removed from the end of the blood detection chamber,

fig. 2 er et lengdesnitt av nålenheten i fig. 1 og som viser pluggen med innretning ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse inn-stukket i bloddetekteringskammerets åpne ende og fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the needle unit in fig. 1 and which shows the plug with device according to the present invention inserted into the open end of the blood detection chamber and

fig. 3 er et enderiss av pluggen med innretning sett fra venstre i fig. 2. fig. 3 is an end view of the plug with device seen from the left in fig. 2.

Det vises til fig. 1 og 2 hvor den foretrukne utførelses-form av den intravenøse nålenhet med plugginnretning ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er vist generelt ved 10. Nålenheten omfatter en innføringsnål 11 som har form av en hul, hypodermisk nål med en spiss 12 ved en ende av denne. Nålen 11 er festet ved sin butte ende til en plastmuffe 13 som har et transparent bloddetekteringskammer lH i ett med sin tilkoplingsende. Hele muffe -og bloddetekteringskammeren-heten kan fortrinnsvis være støpt i ett stykke av et passende klart plastmateriale. I den foretrukne utførelsesform tjener nålen 11 til innføring av et fleksibelt plastkateter 15 i en åre eller annet legems-kar. Kateteret 15 er festet til en muffe 16 ved sin tilkoplingsende, og muffen 16 er beregnet til å bli løsbart festet til en koplingsdel 17 på muffens 13 ytre ende. Reference is made to fig. 1 and 2 where the preferred embodiment of the intravenous needle unit with plug device according to the present invention is shown generally at 10. The needle unit comprises an insertion needle 11 which is in the form of a hollow, hypodermic needle with a tip 12 at one end thereof. The needle 11 is attached at its blunt end to a plastic sleeve 13 which has a transparent blood detection chamber 1H in one with its connecting end. The entire sleeve and blood detection chamber assembly may preferably be molded in one piece of a suitable clear plastic material. In the preferred embodiment, the needle 11 serves to introduce a flexible plastic catheter 15 into a vein or other body vessel. The catheter 15 is attached to a sleeve 16 at its connecting end, and the sleeve 16 is designed to be releasably attached to a connecting part 17 on the outer end of the sleeve 13.

Bortsett fra det transparente bloddetekteringskammer Apart from the transparent blood detection chamber

I-, er den intravenøse nålenhet som hittil beskrevet, meget lik ut-styret er beskrevet i U.S. patent nr. 3.094.122. Prosedyren ser. nyttes for innføring av en slik nålenhet- i en åre, er inngående vist i nevnte patent og det kan sees at det er nødvendig å utøve en relativ komplisert prosedyre inkludert anvendelsen av en sprøyte under innføring av nålen i en åre for å fastslå plasseringen av nålspissen i åren og for å lufte systemet slik at blod kan flyte fra åren gjennom kateterenheten. I-, the intravenous needle assembly described heretofore is very similar to the outboard described in U.S. Pat. patent No. 3,094,122. The procedure sees. is used for introducing such a needle unit - into a vein, is shown in detail in the said patent and it can be seen that it is necessary to perform a relatively complicated procedure including the use of a syringe during the introduction of the needle into a vein in order to determine the location of the needle tip in the vein and to aerate the system so that blood can flow from the vein through the catheter assembly.

Ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse elimineres nødvendig-heten av en slik kompleks operasjon og det tilveiebringes en relativ enkel innretning med plugg i et stykke som utfører i det minste funk-sjonene til den omtalte sprøyte i det ovennevnte patent. Pluggen er vist generelt rn ed 20 i tegningen og omfatter en forstørret gripeflate 21, et avsmalnende halsparti 22 for innstikning i den indre ende av bloddetekteringskammeret 14 og et diafragma 23 som har en diametralt orientert sliss 24 tildannet i seg. Pluggen 20 kan støpes i et stykke med diafragmaet 23 utformet ved den ytre ende av pluggen av et relativt tynt parti av plastmaterialet. Slissen 24 kan deretter til-dannes i diafragmaet ved en kutte- eller annen hensiktsmessig prosedyre. With the present invention, the necessity of such a complex operation is eliminated and a relatively simple device with a plug in one piece is provided which performs at least the functions of the syringe mentioned in the above-mentioned patent. The plug is shown generally as 20 in the drawing and comprises an enlarged gripping surface 21, a tapered neck portion 22 for insertion into the inner end of the blood detection chamber 14 and a diaphragm 23 having a diametrically oriented slot 24 formed therein. The plug 20 can be molded in one piece with the diaphragm 23 formed at the outer end of the plug from a relatively thin section of the plastic material. The slit 24 can then be formed in the diaphragm by a cutting or other suitable procedure.

Størrelsen av slissen 24 er ikke kritisk, idet det kan anvendes slisser av forskjellig lengde uten at det påvirker inn-retningens funksjon. Imidlertid måGlissens bredde ikke være for slor slik at den mister sin sperrefunksjon overfor blodet. Ved frem-stilling av pluggen med nevnte innretning er det ønskelig å toLdanne slissen 2 4 i diafragmaet 23 uten å fjerne noe av plastmaterialet. Dette bevirker at luft kan slippes ut fra bloddetekteringskammeret The size of the slit 24 is not critical, since slits of different lengths can be used without affecting the function of the device. However, the Glissen's width must not be too wide so that it loses its barrier function against the blood. When producing the plug with the aforementioned device, it is desirable to form the slot 24 in the diaphragm 23 without removing any of the plastic material. This causes air to be released from the blood detection chamber

ved det lille overtrykk som fremkommer når blodet strømmer inn i dette fra nålen 11, samt tilveiebringer en tetning som forhindrer ut-strømning av blod fra bloddetekteringskammeret 14. For illustrasjons-formål er slissen 24 vist i større målestokk i "igurene, slik at det klart fremgår at det er en åpning i diafragmaet 23. by the small excess pressure that occurs when the blood flows into it from the needle 11, as well as providing a seal that prevents the outflow of blood from the blood detection chamber 14. For illustration purposes, the slot 24 is shown on a larger scale in the figures, so that it is clear it appears that there is an opening in the diaphragm 23.

Som fastslått ovenfor, er prosedyren for innføring av en nål eg kateter i en åre meget nøyaktig vist i U.S. patent nr.3.094.122. målenheten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan innføres på en ligr.er.de måte og denne prosedyre vil bli beskrevet i det følgende. As stated above, the procedure for inserting a needle eg catheter into a vein is very accurately shown in U.S. Pat. patent no. 3,094,122. the target unit according to the present invention can be introduced in a similar manner and this procedure will be described in the following.

For å begynne innføringen av nålen i en åre, blir en-i-.eren sa~.~er.sart som vist i fig. 2 med kateter 15 anbrakt over nålen 11 og med pluggen 20 fast anbrakt i den proksimale ende av bloddetekteringskammeret 14. Innføringen av nålspissen 12 i en åre vil bringe blod til å strømme gjennom den hule nål og inn i bloddetekteringskammeret 14. Luft som forefinnes inne i den hule nål og bloddetekteringskammeret vil bli tvunget av blodet gjennom slissen 24 i pluggen 20 og ut i atmosfæren. Blod som strømmer inn i kammeret 14 kan deretter oppdages av operatøren gjennom kammerets transparente vegg. På grunn av slissens 24 meget lille størrelse, vil blod tilbakeholdes i kammeret og tillates ikke å passere gjennom den aksiale åpning i pluggen 20. Når det er ønskelig å feste et administrasjonssett eller annet utstyr på katetermuffen, er det kun nødvendig å trekke ut nålen fra kateteret for derved å gjøre tilgjengelig den åpne, "luer" ende av muffen 16 for den tilhørende innstikningskopling. To begin the insertion of the needle into a vein, the needle is inserted as shown in fig. 2 with catheter 15 placed over needle 11 and with plug 20 firmly placed in the proximal end of blood detection chamber 14. The introduction of needle tip 12 into a vein will cause blood to flow through the hollow needle and into blood detection chamber 14. Air contained within the hollow needle and blood detection chamber will be forced by the blood through the slot 24 in the plug 20 and out into the atmosphere. Blood flowing into the chamber 14 can then be detected by the operator through the chamber's transparent wall. Because of the very small size of the slot 24, blood will be retained in the chamber and not allowed to pass through the axial opening in the plug 20. When it is desired to attach an administration set or other equipment to the catheter sleeve, it is only necessary to withdraw the needle from the catheter to thereby make available the open, "cap" end of the sleeve 16 for the associated insertion coupling.

På don annen side kan nålen 11 nyttes uavhengig av kateteret 15 og et administrasjonssett eller annet utstyr kan presses direkte til bloddetekteringskammeret 14 ved kun å fjorne pluggen 20 derfra. On the other hand, the needle 11 can be used independently of the catheter 15 and an administration set or other equipment can be pressed directly into the blood detection chamber 14 by only removing the plug 20 from there.

Det vil være klart fra den foregående beskrivelse at oppfinnelsens subjekt tilveiebringer et effektivt og allikevel relativt enkelt, utstyr for påvisning av tilotcdeværelcen av en inn-stikningsnålspiss i en åre og for å forhindre tap av blod fra nålenheten . It will be clear from the preceding description that the subject of the invention provides an effective, yet relatively simple, device for detecting the presence of an insertion needle tip in a vein and for preventing loss of blood from the needle unit.

Dette er oppnådd automatisk uten at det v v nødvendig med noen man .i pul e r i ngsprosedy re r slik som har vært nødvendi g ved tidligere kjent utstyr. This has been achieved automatically without the need for any manual input procedures as has been necessary with previously known equipment.

Claims (4)

1. Intravenøs nålenhet (10) omfattende on hul rned spiss (12) forsynt nål (11), en muffe (13) festet til nålens (11) tilkoplingsende, hvilken muffe (13) har et transparent bloddetekteringskammer (14); og en plugg (20) løsbart festet i kammerets (14) åpne ende og som har en innretning for utslipping av luft fra og for å forhindre blodstrøm fra kammeret (14),karakterisertved at innretningen er et tynt diafragma (23) rned en sliss (24) av tilstrekkelig størrelse for å muliggjøre passasje av luft fra kammeret (14), men å forhindre blodstrøm fra dette.1. Intravenous needle assembly (10) comprising a hollow tip (12) provided needle (11), a sleeve (13) attached to the connecting end of the needle (11), which sleeve (13) has a transparent blood detection chamber (14); and a plug (20) releasably fixed in the open end of the chamber (14) and which has a device for discharging air from and to prevent blood flow from the chamber (14), characterized in that the device is a thin diaphragm (23) with a slot ( 24) of sufficient size to enable the passage of air from the chamber (14), but to prevent blood flow therefrom. 2. Intravenøs nålenhet ifølge krav 1,karakterisert vedat pluggen (20) har en gjennomgående aksiell åpning og at innretningen (23s24) er anbrakt i åpningen.2. Intravenous needle unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug (20) has a continuous axial opening and that the device (23s24) is placed in the opening. 3. Intravenøs nålenhet ifølge krav 2,karakterisert vedat diafragmaet (23) er anbrakt ved pluggens (20) distale ende på tvers av dennes aksielle åpning.3. Intravenous needle unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the diaphragm (23) is placed at the distal end of the plug (20) across its axial opening. 4.. Intravenøs nålenhet ifølge krav 3,karakterisert vedat slissen (24)er diametralt orientert.4. Intravenous needle unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the slot (24) is diametrically oriented.
NO2330/73A 1972-06-05 1973-06-04 NO131323C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US259886A US3859998A (en) 1972-06-05 1972-06-05 Intravenous needle assembly

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO131323B true NO131323B (en) 1975-02-03
NO131323C NO131323C (en) 1975-05-14

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US (1) US3859998A (en)
AU (1) AU474171B2 (en)
BR (1) BR7304149D0 (en)
CA (1) CA1005718A (en)
DE (1) DE2328261A1 (en)
ES (1) ES415569A1 (en)
FI (1) FI60814C (en)
FR (1) FR2187363B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1403652A (en)
IE (1) IE37734B1 (en)
NL (1) NL7311410A (en)
NO (1) NO131323C (en)
SE (1) SE385773B (en)
ZA (1) ZA733742B (en)

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IE37734L (en) 1973-12-05
US3859998A (en) 1975-01-14
FI60814C (en) 1982-04-13
NL7311410A (en) 1975-02-19
NO131323C (en) 1975-05-14
AU5649173A (en) 1974-12-05
AU474171B2 (en) 1976-07-15
GB1403652A (en) 1975-08-28
FR2187363A1 (en) 1974-01-18
DE2328261A1 (en) 1973-12-20
FI60814B (en) 1981-12-31
ZA733742B (en) 1975-01-29
BR7304149D0 (en) 1974-08-29
ES415569A1 (en) 1976-02-16
SE385773B (en) 1976-07-26
FR2187363B1 (en) 1976-09-17
IE37734B1 (en) 1977-09-28
CA1005718A (en) 1977-02-22

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