FI60814C - INTRAVENOES NAOLENHET - Google Patents

INTRAVENOES NAOLENHET Download PDF

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Publication number
FI60814C
FI60814C FI1807/73A FI180773A FI60814C FI 60814 C FI60814 C FI 60814C FI 1807/73 A FI1807/73 A FI 1807/73A FI 180773 A FI180773 A FI 180773A FI 60814 C FI60814 C FI 60814C
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Finland
Prior art keywords
needle
hub
blood
vascular
plug
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FI1807/73A
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Finnish (fi)
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FI60814B (en
Inventor
Joseph John Thomas
William Smith
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Johnson & Johnson
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
    • A61M39/20—Closure caps or plugs for connectors or open ends of tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0693—Flashback chambers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
    • A61B2017/00902—Material properties transparent or translucent
    • A61B2017/00907—Material properties transparent or translucent for light
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S604/00—Surgery
    • Y10S604/90—Telltale showing entry of blood into body inserted conduit

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)

Description

ΠΓ3^7| ΓβΙ (Μ\ KUULUTUSjULKAISU ,ΠίΜ λ ^ 11 UTLÄGGNINGSSKRIFT 60 81 4 C (^5) Patentti myöntö tty 13 04 1932 Qwyy Patent meddelat X,“-y * (51) Kv.ik.3/int.ci.3 A 61 M 5/32 SUOMI — FINLAND (21) Plt«nttih*k«mu‘-p»t««»iwökning 1807/73 (22) Htkemlspilvl — An*öknlng*d»g . 06.7 3 (23) AlkupUvi— Giltlghetsdtg 0U.06.73 (41) Tullut julkiseksi — Bllvlt offentllg 06.12.7 3ΠΓ3 ^ 7 | ΓβΙ (Μ \ ADVERTISEMENT PUBLICATION, ΠίΜ λ ^ 11 UTLÄGGNINGSSKRIFT 60 81 4 C (^ 5) Patent granted tty 13 04 1932 Qwyy Patent meddelat X, “- y * (51) Kv.ik.3 / int.ci.3 A 61 M 5/32 FINLAND - FINLAND (21) Plt «nttih * k« mu'-p »t« «» iwökning 1807/73 (22) Htkemlspilvl - An * öknlng * d »g. 06.7 3 (23) AlkupUvi— Giltlghetsdtg 0U.06.73 (41) Become public - Bllvlt offentllg 06.12.7 3

Patentti- ia rekisterihallitus .... . .National Board of Patents and Registration ..... .

_ ' (44) Nthtlvtkslpinon jt kuuL|ulkalsun pvm. — ,_ '(44) Date of issue of the entry into force of this Regulation. -,

Patent- och registerstyrelsen AnsAkan utlagd och utl.akrlftan publlcarad 31 · 12 · 81 (32)(33)(31) Pyydetty etuoikeus —Begird prlorltet 05 · 06.72 USA(US) 259886 Toteennäytetty-Styrkt (71) Johnson & Johnson, 501 George Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA(US) (72) Joseph John Thomas, Somerville, New Jersey, William Smith, Califon,Patent and Registration Authorities AnsAkan utlagd och utl.akrlftan publlcarad 31 · 12 · 81 (32) (33) (31) Privilege claimed —Begird prlorltet 05 · 06.72 USA (US) 259886 Proven-Styrkt (71) Johnson & Johnson, 501 George Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA (72) Joseph John Thomas, Somerville, New Jersey, William Smith, Califon,

New Jersey, USA(US) (7*0 Oy Kolster Ab (5I+) Verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neulayksikkö -Intravenös nalenhetNew Jersey, USA (US) (7 * 0 Oy Kolster Ab (5I +) Needle unit for vascular injections -Intravenous nalenhet

Keksinnön kohteena on verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neulayksikkö, jossa on ontto, teräväkärkinen neula ja sanotun neulan varsipäähän kiinnitetty napa, jossa on läpinäkyvä verenilmaisukammio, ja irrotettavana sanottuun napaan kiinnittyvä tulppa.The invention relates to a needle unit for vascular injections, comprising a hollow, pointed needle and a hub attached to the shaft end of said needle, having a transparent hematopoietic chamber, and releasably a plug attached to said hub.

Kun neula tai joustava muovikatetri työnnetään verisuoneen tai johonkin muuhun kohtaan kehoa on toivottavaa, että pystytään määrittämään onko neulan tai katetrin kärki asianmukaisesti verisuonessa vai ei. Koska neulayksikön työntäminen suoneen tapahtuu yleensä jäykän metallineulan avulla, on mahdotonta todeta, onko neulassa ja neulanavassa verta ja samoin, onko neulan kärki mennyt verisuoneen. Ns. pistoneuloissa on normaalisti napa, ja joissakin vanhemmissa laitteissa neulan napaosa on varustettu läpinäkyvällä ns. ylijuoksukammiolla, johon veri pääsee virtaamaan, jolloin neulan kärjen voidaan todeta olevan asianmukaisesti paikallaan.When inserting a needle or flexible plastic catheter into a blood vessel or other part of the body, it is desirable to be able to determine whether or not the tip of the needle or catheter is properly in a blood vessel. Since the insertion of the needle unit into the vessel is usually by means of a rigid metal needle, it is impossible to determine whether there is blood in the needle and the needle hub and also whether the tip of the needle has entered the blood vessel. The so-called needle pins normally have a hub, and in some older devices the pole part of the needle is provided with a transparent so-called in an overflow chamber into which blood can flow, so that the tip of the needle can be found to be properly in place.

Ylijuoksukammiosta tapahtuvan veren virtaamisen tarkkailuun 2 60814 käytettiin aikaisemmin kuitenkin tulppaa, joka työnnettiin kammioon veren noustua sinne. Tästä syystä kävi usein niin, että veri pääsi virtaamaan pois kammiosta ennen kuin tulppa ehdittiin kokonaan työntää siihen estämään veren poisvirtaamista.However, to monitor the flow of blood from the overflow chamber 2,60814, a plug was previously used which was inserted into the chamber as the blood rose there. For this reason, it often happened that blood could flow out of the chamber before the plug was completely inserted into it to prevent blood from flowing out.

Sen vuoksi monia vuosia on toivottu saatavan aikaan sellainen verenilmaisukammio, johon veri voisi virrata suonesta ja ilmaista siten, että neulan kärki on asianmukaisessa kohdassa ja jossa olisi lisäksi ilmanpoistolaite, jolloin veri pääsisi virtaamaan kammioon ja jäisi sinne.Therefore, for many years it has been desired to provide a blood detection chamber into which blood could flow from the vessel and be expressed so that the tip of the needle is in place and also has a deaeration device to allow blood to flow into and remain in the chamber.

Keksinnölle on pääasiallisesti tunnusomaista, että tulpassa on sen läpi ulottuva akselin suuntainen aukko, johon on sovitettu ohut kalvo, jossa on riittävän suuri rako päästämään ilman pois kammiosta ja samalla estämään veren virtaamisen pois sieltä.The invention is mainly characterized in that the plug has an axial opening extending through it, into which a thin membrane is fitted, with a gap large enough to allow air to escape from the chamber and at the same time prevent blood from flowing out of it.

Tulppa on suhteellisen yksinkertainen. Siinä ei siis ole liikkuvia osia ja se voidaan nopeasti työntää verenilmaisukammioon ja irroit-taa siitä.The plug is relatively simple. Thus, it has no moving parts and can be quickly inserted into and detached from the blood detection chamber.

Keksintöä selostetaan lähemmin viittaamalla seuraavaan keksinnön suorittamaa rakennemuotoa koskevaan yksityiskohtaiseen kuvaukseen ja siihen liittyvään oheiseen piirustukseen, jossa kuvio 1 on perspektiivikuva verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitetusta neulayksiköstä esittäen ko. keksinnön mukaista tulppaa irroitettuna verenilmaisukammion päästä; kuvio 2 on pituussuuntainen poikkileikkaus kuvion 1 esittämästä neulayksiköstä ko. keksinnön mukaisen tulpan ollessa työnnettynä verenilmaisukammion päähän, ja kuvio 3 on päätykuva kuviossa 2 esitetystä tulpasta vasemmalta oikealle katsottuna.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following detailed description of the embodiment of the invention and the accompanying accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a needle unit for vascular injection. a plug according to the invention removed from the end of the blood detection chamber; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-section of the needle unit shown in Fig. 1; with the plug of the invention inserted into the end of the blood detection chamber, and Figure 3 is an end view of the plug shown in Figure 2 seen from left to right.

Kuvioissa 1 ja 2 ko. keksinnön suosittama, verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitetun neulayksikön rakennemuoto on merkitty numerolla 10. Yksikköön kuuluu neula 11, joka on ontto, ihon alaisiin ruiskeisiin käytettävä neula, jonka toisessa päässä on kärki 12, Neula 11 on tylpästä päästään kiinnitetty muovinapaan 13, jonka varren puoleisessa päässä on läpinäkyvä, samansuuntainen verenilmaisukammio 14. Napa- ja verenilmaisukammioyksikkö voidaan mieluimmin valmistaa yhtenä kappaleena jostain sopivasta kirkkaasta muovimateriaalista. Po. rakennemuodossa joustava muovikatetri 15 työnnetään neulan 11 avulla verisuoneen tai johonkin muuhun kehossa olevaan suoneen. Katetri 15 on varsipäästään kiinnitetty napaan 16, 3 60814 ja napa 16 on irrotettavana kiinnitetty navan 13 kärkipäässä olevaan liittimeen 17.In Figures 1 and 2, the preferred embodiment of the needle unit for vascular injection is 10. The unit includes a needle 11, which is a hollow needle for subcutaneous injection having a tip 12 at one end, the needle 11 being attached at its blunt end to a plastic hub 13 having a shaft end transparent, parallel blood detection chamber 14. The hub and blood detection chamber unit may preferably be made in one piece from some suitable clear plastic material. Po. in the construction, the flexible plastic catheter 15 is inserted by means of a needle 11 into a blood vessel or some other vessel in the body. The catheter 15 is attached at its shaft end to the hub 16, 3 60814 and the hub 16 is removably attached to the connector 17 at the tip end of the hub 13.

Läpinäkyvää verenilmaisukammiota 14 lukuunottamatta edellä selostettu neulayksikkö on hyvin samantapainen kuin US-patentissa n:o 3 094 122 kuvattu. Po, patentissa havainnollistetaan perusteellisesti toimenpiteet tällaisen yksikön työntämiseksi verisuoneen, jolloin voidaan nähdä, että joudutaan suorittamaan melko monimutkainen prosessi, johon kuuluu käsiruiskun käyttäminen työnnettäessä neulaa verisuoneen, jotta saataisiin selville neulan kärjen sijainti suonessa ja jotta systeemiin saataisiin ilmanpoisto, niin että veri pääsee virtaamaan verisuonesta katetrin läpi.With the exception of the transparent blood detection chamber 14, the needle unit described above is very similar to that described in U.S. Patent No. 3,094,122. Po, the patent thoroughly illustrates the steps for inserting such a unit into a blood vessel, whereby it can be seen that a rather complicated process involving a syringe for inserting a needle into a blood vessel must be performed to determine the needle tip in the vessel and vent through.

Ko. keksintö tekee tällaisen monimutkaisen operaation tarpeettomaksi ja käsittää verrattain yksinkertaisen, yhtenä kappaleena valmistetun tulpan, joka hoitaa ainakin yhden edellä mainitussa patentissa esitetyn käsiruiskun toiminnoista. Tämä tulppa esitetään piirustuksessa numerolla 20 ja siihen kuuluu suurennettu tartuntapinta 21, kartiomainen kaulaosa 22, joka työntyy veren-ilmaisukammion 14 varsipäähän ja kalvo 23, jossa on diametraalinen 1. halkisuora rako 24. Tulppa 20 voidaan valmistaa yhtenä kappaleena ja sen kärkipäähän tehdä kalvo 23 suhteellisen ohuena muovimateriaalin osana. Rako 24 voidaan sitten tehdä kalvoon leikkaamalla tai jollakin muulla sopivalla tavalla.Ko. the invention makes such a complex operation unnecessary and comprises a relatively simple, one-piece stopper which handles at least one of the functions of the hand syringe disclosed in the aforementioned patent. This stopper is shown in the drawing at 20 and includes an enlarged gripping surface 21, a conical neck portion 22 projecting into the stem end of the blood detection chamber 14 and a membrane 23 having a diametrical 1st slit 24. The stopper 20 can be made in one piece and the membrane 23 can be made relatively as a thin part of a plastic material. The slit 24 may then be made in the film by cutting or in any other suitable manner.

Raon 24 koko ei ole ratkaiseva. Kuitenkin on todettu olevan syytä tehdä rako kalvoon 23 lainkaan poistamatta kalvosta muovia. Tällä rakenteella päästään nimittäin siihen, että ilma pääsee kulkemaan verenilmaisukammiosta mutta veri ei sen sijaan pääse virtaamaan pois sieltä kalvon raon muodostaessa eräänlaisen sulun. Asian havainnollistamiseksi rako 24 on esitetty kuviossa suurennettuna, niin että kalvossa 23 voitaisiin todella nähdä tämä rako.The size of the gap 24 is not critical. However, it has been found necessary to make a gap in the film 23 without removing any plastic from the film. Namely, this structure allows air to pass through the blood detection chamber but instead blood cannot flow out of it when the membrane gap forms a kind of barrier. To illustrate, the gap 24 is shown enlarged in the figure so that this gap could actually be seen in the film 23.

Kuten jo edellä mainittiin, neulan ja katetrin työntäminen verisuoneen on täysin riittävästi esitetty US-patentissa n:o 3 094 122. Nyt kyseessä olevan keksinnön neulayksikkö voidaan työntää suoneen vastaavalla tavalla, ja tätä toimenpidettä seloste-taankin seuraavassa.As already mentioned above, the insertion of a needle and a catheter into a blood vessel is fully disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,094,122. The needle assembly of the present invention can be inserted into a vein in a similar manner, and this procedure is described below.

Ennen kuin neulan työntäminen verisuoneen aloitetaan, yksikkö kootaan kuvion 2 mukaisesti, jolloin katetri 15 asetetaan neulan 11 päälle ja tulppa 20 kiinnitetään lujasti verenilmaisukammion 14 varren puoleiseen eli ulompaan päähän. Kun neulan kärki 12 työnnetään 4 60814 verisuoneen, veri alkaa virrata reikäneulan läpi verenilmaisu-kammioon 14. Veri työntää ontossa neulassa ja verenilmaisukammiossa olevan ilman tulpassa 20 olevasta raosta 24 ulos. Tällöin neulaa käyttävä henkilö voi todeta veren virtaamisen kammioon 14 sen läpinäkyvän seinämän lävitse. Koska rako 24 on hyvin pieni, veri jää kammioon eikä pääse virtaamaan tulpassa 20 olevan akselin suuntaisen aukon läpi. Mikäli katetrinapaan halutaan kiinnittää jokin lääke-tai muu laite, joudutaan vain irrottamaan neula katetrista, jolloin navan 16 näkyviin tulevaan aukolliseen avoimeen ns. naaraspuoliseen luer-päähän voidaan kiinnittää sen sijaan menevä sopiva liitin.Before the insertion of the needle into the blood vessel is started, the unit is assembled as shown in Figure 2, whereby the catheter 15 is placed on the needle 11 and the plug 20 is firmly attached to the arm side, i.e. the outer end, of the blood detection chamber 14. When the needle tip 12 is inserted into the blood vessel 4 60814, blood begins to flow through the perforated needle into the blood detection chamber 14. Blood pushes the air in the hollow needle and the blood detection chamber out of the slot 24 in the plug 20. In this case, the person using the needle can detect the flow of blood into the chamber 14 through its transparent wall. Because the gap 24 is very small, blood remains in the chamber and cannot flow through the axial opening in the plug 20. If it is desired to attach a medical or other device to the catheter pole, it is only necessary to remove the needle from the catheter, whereby the so-called open opening of the hub 16 appears. a suitable mating connector may be attached to the female luer head instead.

Toisaalta neulaa 11 voidaan käyttää ilman katetria 15, jolloin jokin lääke- tai muu laite voidaan kiinnittää suoraan veren-ilmaisukammioon 14 yksinkertaisesti irroittamalla siitä tulppa 20.On the other hand, the needle 11 can be used without a catheter 15, whereby a medical or other device can be attached directly to the blood detection chamber 14 simply by removing the stopper 20 therefrom.

Edellä olevasta selostuksesta käy ilmi, että po. keksintö muodostaa tehokkaan mutta samalla kuitenkin suhteellisen yksinkertaisen laitteen, jonka avulla voidaan todeta neulan kärjen tunkeutuminen verisuoneen ja estää veren virtaaminen neulayksiköstä.It is clear from the above description that po. the invention provides an efficient but at the same time relatively simple device for detecting the penetration of a needle tip into a blood vessel and preventing blood flow from the needle unit.

Tämä tapahtuu automaattisesti, ilman että joudutaan käyttämään aikaisemmissa laitteissa välttämättömiä lisätoimenpiteitä.This is done automatically without the need for additional measures required on previous devices.

Claims (6)

1. Verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neula-yksikkö (10), jossa on ontto, teräväkärkinen neula (11) ja sanotun neulan varsipäähän kiinnitetty napa (13) , jossa on läpinäkyvä verenilmaisukammio (14), ja irroitettavana sanottuun napaan kiinnittyvä tulppa (20), tunnettu siitä, että tulpassa (20) on sen läpi ulottuva akselin suuntainen aukko, johon on sovitettu ohut kalvo (23), jossa on riittävän suuri rako (24) päästämään ilman pois kammiosta (14) ja samalla estämään veren virtaamisen pois sieltä.A needle assembly (10) for vascular injection, comprising a hollow, pointed needle (11) and a hub (13) attached to the shaft end of said needle, having a transparent hematopoietic chamber (14), and a detachable plug (20) attached to said hub; characterized in that the plug (20) has an axial opening extending therethrough, into which a thin membrane (23) is fitted, with a gap (24) large enough to allow air to escape from the chamber (14) and at the same time prevent blood from flowing out. 2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen, verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neulayksikkö (10), tunnettu siitä, että kalvo (23) on sijoitettu tulpan (20) uloimpaan päähän.A needle unit (10) for vascular injection according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (23) is located at the outer end of the plug (20). 3. Patenttivaatimuksen 2 mukainen, verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neulayksikkö (10) , tunnettu siitä, että rako (24) on suunnattu diametraalisesti.Needle unit (10) for vascular injections according to Claim 2, characterized in that the gap (24) is oriented diametrically. 4. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen, verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neulayksikkö (10), tunnettu siitä, että siinä on lisäksi joustava muovinen verisuoneen työnnettävä katetri (15), joka on sijoitettu neulan (11) päälle.A needle unit (10) for vascular injections according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a flexible plastic vascular insertion catheter (15) placed on the needle (11). 5. Patenttivaatimuksen 4 mukainen, verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neulayksikkö (10), tunnettu siitä, että katetri (15) on kiinnitetty napaan (16), joka on kiinnitetty irroitettavasti neulanavan (13) uloimpaan päähän.A needle assembly (10) for vascular injection according to claim 4, characterized in that the catheter (15) is attached to a hub (16) releasably attached to the outermost end of the needle hub (13). 5 608145,60814 6. Patenttivaatimuksen 5 mukainen, verisuoneen suoritettaviin pistoksiin tarkoitettu neulayksikkö (10), tunnettu siitä, että verenilmaisukammio (14) sijaitsee neulanavan (13) toisessa päässä ja että tulppa (20) on kiinnitetty irroitettavasti tähän kammioon (14) ,A needle unit (10) for vascular injection according to claim 5, characterized in that the blood detection chamber (14) is located at one end of the needle hub (13) and that the plug (20) is releasably attached to this chamber (14),
FI1807/73A 1972-06-05 1973-06-04 INTRAVENOES NAOLENHET FI60814C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25988672 1972-06-05
US259886A US3859998A (en) 1972-06-05 1972-06-05 Intravenous needle assembly

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FI60814B FI60814B (en) 1981-12-31
FI60814C true FI60814C (en) 1982-04-13

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FI1807/73A FI60814C (en) 1972-06-05 1973-06-04 INTRAVENOES NAOLENHET

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US (1) US3859998A (en)
AU (1) AU474171B2 (en)
BR (1) BR7304149D0 (en)
CA (1) CA1005718A (en)
DE (1) DE2328261A1 (en)
ES (1) ES415569A1 (en)
FI (1) FI60814C (en)
FR (1) FR2187363B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1403652A (en)
IE (1) IE37734B1 (en)
NL (1) NL7311410A (en)
NO (1) NO131323C (en)
SE (1) SE385773B (en)
ZA (1) ZA733742B (en)

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AU474171B2 (en) 1976-07-15
NO131323C (en) 1975-05-14
FR2187363B1 (en) 1976-09-17
NL7311410A (en) 1975-02-19
GB1403652A (en) 1975-08-28
US3859998A (en) 1975-01-14
IE37734L (en) 1973-12-05
IE37734B1 (en) 1977-09-28
NO131323B (en) 1975-02-03
SE385773B (en) 1976-07-26
ZA733742B (en) 1975-01-29
FI60814B (en) 1981-12-31
FR2187363A1 (en) 1974-01-18
BR7304149D0 (en) 1974-08-29
ES415569A1 (en) 1976-02-16
CA1005718A (en) 1977-02-22
AU5649173A (en) 1974-12-05
DE2328261A1 (en) 1973-12-20

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