NO131195B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO131195B NO131195B NO0742/72A NO74272A NO131195B NO 131195 B NO131195 B NO 131195B NO 0742/72 A NO0742/72 A NO 0742/72A NO 74272 A NO74272 A NO 74272A NO 131195 B NO131195 B NO 131195B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- container
- lid
- containers
- folding
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/567—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
- B29C65/568—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined using a swaging operation, i.e. totally deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/135—Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
- B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
- B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
- B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
- B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
- B65B7/2842—Securing closures on containers
- B65B7/285—Securing closures on containers by deformation of the closure
- B65B7/2857—Securing closures on containers by deformation of the closure and the container rim
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
- B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
- B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
- B65B7/2842—Securing closures on containers
- B65B7/2878—Securing closures on containers by heat-sealing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
- B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
- B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closing Of Containers (AREA)
- Package Closures (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte og apparat til lukking av beholdere Method and apparatus for closing containers
som er fylt med levnetsmidler. which is filled with food.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte og et apparat til lukking av med levnetsmidler fylte beholdere av tynnvegget metallfolie ved at beholderne forsynes med hver sitt lokk som består av termoplast og legges på en anleggskant som er parallell med beholderens bunn, og ved at en oppragende innbretningskant hos den angjeldende beholder ombøyes og presses ned mot lokkets kant. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for closing foodstuff-filled containers made of thin-walled metal foil by providing each container with a lid consisting of thermoplastic and placing it on a contact edge that is parallel to the bottom of the container, and by having a projecting fold-in edge at the relevant container is bent over and pressed down against the edge of the lid.
Som metallfolie til fremstilling av slike beholdere blir der i As metal foil for the production of such containers, there is i
denne forbindelse fortrinnsvis brukt aluminiumfolie, da denne garan-terer en lett og særlig hygienisk pakning. Samtidig tillater aluminium-folien opptining av innpakkede, dypfryste levnetsmidler ved hjelp av mikrobølger. Ifølge tysk bruksmønster nr. 1 929 ^51 blir beholderen, etterat den er fylt og forsynt med et lokk, satt inn i en føringsdel. aluminum foil is preferably used in this connection, as this guarantees a light and particularly hygienic packaging. At the same time, the aluminum foil allows thawing of wrapped, deep-frozen foods using microwaves. According to German utility model No. 1 929 ^51, the container, after it has been filled and provided with a lid, is inserted into a guide part.
r er er-er blir den oppragende ombretningskant, som står vinkelrett på beholderens anleggskant, brettet inn ved hjelp av et opp- og nedad- r is er-er, the protruding refolding edge, which is perpendicular to the container's contact edge, is folded in by means of an up and down
gående stempel som til dette formål har skråflater som divergerer i retning mot beholderen. Dessuten er der anordnet trykkflater som strekker seg parallelt med anleggskanten, og som tjener til å presse de ombrettede kanter mot lokkets kant. For at det mer eller mindre faste levnetsmiddel, f.eks. ost, brød, kake eller lignende som ligger i beholderen, lett skal kunne tas ut av denne, skråner beholderens vegger utover mot lokket, slik at beholderens bunnflate i mange tilfelle er betydelig mindre enn lokkflaten. moving piston which for this purpose has inclined surfaces which diverge in the direction towards the container. In addition, pressure surfaces are arranged which extend parallel to the construction edge, and which serve to press the folded edges against the edge of the lid. So that the more or less solid food, e.g. cheese, bread, cake or the like that are in the container must be easily removed from it, the walls of the container slope outwards towards the lid, so that the bottom surface of the container is in many cases significantly smaller than the surface of the lid.
Dersom slike beholdere derfor stables over hverandre, kan lokket for de beholdere som står underst, uten videre bli nedbøyd på grunn av at forankringen av den aktuelle lokk-kant mellom den ombøyde ombretningskant og anleggskanten av den tilhørende beholder bare beror på en klem-virkning, som imidlertid i betraktning av uelastisiteten og den lille tykkelse av det anvendte materiale bare er liten. De mer eller mindre faste levnetsmidler som finnes i beholderne, blir følgelig ved stabling av de beskrevne beholdere trykket sammen og gjort lite tiltalende. If such containers are therefore stacked on top of each other, the lid of the containers that are below can easily be bent down due to the fact that the anchoring of the lid edge in question between the folded over folding edge and the contact edge of the associated container is only based on a clamping effect, which, however, considering the inelasticity and the small thickness of the material used, is only small. The more or less solid foodstuffs contained in the containers are consequently compressed by stacking the described containers and made unappealing.
Slike beholdere som anvendes for levnetsmidler som er ømfintlige overfor trykk, egner seg med andre ord ikke for stabling. In other words, such containers used for foodstuffs that are sensitive to pressure are not suitable for stacking.
Riktignok er der fra sveitsisk patentskrift nr. 107 605 også kjent en beholder av tynn metallfolie som lukkes ved hjelp av et lokk. Herunder blir lokkets kant formsluttende forbundet med anleggskanten ved bølgeforming og eventuelt ved enda en l80°'s ombøyning av den bølge-formede randsone. Ved bretting av randsonen l80° blir kanten av lokket i en viss forstand spent fast, slik at lokkene spesielt for de beholdere som ligger underst i stabelen, ved stabling.ikke vil nedbøyes og trykke sammen de levnetsmidler som finner seg i beholderne. Admittedly, from Swiss patent document no. 107 605 a container made of thin metal foil is also known which is closed by means of a lid. Below this, the edge of the lid is form-lockingly connected to the construction edge by wave forming and possibly by a further 180° bending of the wave-shaped edge zone. When folding the edge zone l80°, the edge of the lid is in a certain sense clamped, so that the lids, especially for the containers that are at the bottom of the stack, will not bend down and press together the foodstuffs in the containers during stacking.
Denne virkning oppnås imidlertid bare når anleggskanten og lokk-kanten ombøyes ytterligere l80° mot seg selv, da bølgeformingen alene ikke er istand til å overføre belastningen fra flere over hverandre stående beholdere til anleggskanten, når sideveggene for beholderne som vanlig forløper kjegleformig mot beholderens bunn for derved å However, this effect is only achieved when the construction edge and the lid edge are bent a further 180° towards themselves, as the wave shaping alone is not able to transfer the load from several containers standing one above the other to the construction edge, when the side walls of the containers normally extend in a cone-like fashion towards the bottom of the container for thereby to
lette uttagningen av innholdet. Ombøyningen av kanten 180° krever imidlertid et fordyrende oppbud av tid og verktøy, slik at disse kjente beholdere, fordi de er uøkonomiske, ikke har kunnet vinne innpass. facilitate the extraction of the content. The bending of the edge 180°, however, requires an expensive procurement of time and tools, so that these known containers, because they are uneconomical, have not been able to gain acceptance.
Også fra fransk patentskrift nr. 1 506 920 er der kjent beholdere av tynnvegget metallfolie, utført med hver sin støttekant som et lokk av samme materiale blir plasert på for lukking av beholderen. Also from French patent document no. 1 506 920 there are known containers made of thin-walled metal foil, each with a supporting edge on which a lid of the same material is placed to close the container.
På undersiden har hvert lokk et belegg av termoplast. Forbindelsen mellom lokk-kanten og anleggskanten utføres under innvirkning av trykk og varme i en slik grad at plastbelegget i området for forbindelsessonen bringes til å smelte. Samtidig blir en fure med liten dybde presset inn i lokkets randsone og anleggskanten for å gjøre lukkingen enda mere holdbar. On the underside, each lid has a thermoplastic coating. The connection between the lid edge and the construction edge is carried out under the influence of pressure and heat to such an extent that the plastic coating in the area of the connection zone is caused to melt. At the same time, a furrow with a small depth is pressed into the edge zone of the lid and the construction edge to make the closure even more durable.
Da det langs randsonen på undersiden av lokket foreliggende plast-skikt som bringes til å smelte i et dertil egnet apparat, ikke inngår noen sveiseforbindelse med den av metallfolie bestående anleggskant, As the plastic layer present along the edge zone on the underside of the lid, which is brought to melt in a suitable apparatus, does not enter into any welding connection with the construction edge consisting of metal foil,
blir lokket bare så å si klebet til kanten. En slik klebekant har imidlertid ingen tilstrekkelig styrke til pålitelig å kunne overføre den på lokket hvilende vekt av en stabel av beholdere til anleggskanten hos den tilhørende beholder. Tvertimot er der fare for at lokket under påvirkning av denne vekt skal bøyes ned og bules inn, samtidig som lokkets kant løftes fra anleggskanten. I denne forbindelse torde heller ikke den innpressede fure medføre noen endring, da den bare har en liten dybde og dertil oppviser et omtrent halvs irkelformet tverrsnitt. the lid is just glued to the edge, so to speak. However, such an adhesive edge does not have sufficient strength to be able to reliably transfer the weight of a stack of containers resting on the lid to the contact edge of the associated container. On the contrary, there is a danger that under the influence of this weight the lid will be bent down and dented, at the same time as the edge of the lid is lifted from the installation edge. In this connection, the pressed-in furrow is unlikely to cause any change either, as it only has a small depth and furthermore exhibits an approximately half-circular cross-section.
Ved en utilfredsstillende klebeforbindelse kan dessuten furen i lokket'In the case of an unsatisfactory adhesive connection, the furrow in the lid can also
uten videre løftes ut av furen i anleggskanten under påvirkning av belastningen på lokket. De kjente beholdere er således, spesielt når de er store, ikke egnet til effektivt å beskytte levnetsmidler som er ømfintlige overfor trykk, f.eks. kaker, mot sammentrykning når beholderne er stablet. Bortsett fra dette, må hver beholder for utførelse av lukkingen hver for seg settes inn i det omtalte apparat og deretter igjen tas ut av dette. without further ado is lifted out of the furrow in the construction edge under the influence of the load on the lid. The known containers are thus, especially when they are large, not suitable for effectively protecting foodstuffs which are sensitive to pressure, e.g. cakes, against compression when the containers are stacked. Apart from this, each container for carrying out the closure must be individually inserted into the mentioned apparatus and then again taken out of it.
Oppfinnelsen tar sitt utgangspunkt i en fremgangsmåte til lukking The invention is based on a method for closing
av med levnetsmidler, f.eks. kaker, fylte beholdere av tynnvegget metallfolie ved at beholderne forsynes med hver sitt lokk som består av termoplast og legges på en anleggskant som er parallell med beholder- of with foodstuffs, e.g. cakes, filled containers made of thin-walled metal foil by providing each container with a lid made of thermoplastic and placing it on a construction edge that is parallel to the container
ens bunn, og ved at en oppragende ombretningskant hos den angjeldende beholder ombøyes og presses ned på lokkets kant, og den oppgave som one's bottom, and by a protruding folding edge of the container in question being bent over and pressed down on the edge of the lid, and the task which
ligger til grunn for oppfinnelsen, er å videreutvikle denne kjente fremgangsmåte slik at forbindelsen mellom lokket og anleggskanten opp- is the basis of the invention, is to further develop this known method so that the connection between the lid and the construction edge up-
viser en styrke som motstår en størst mulig belastning på lokket i en stabel av beholdere, og som kan oppnås ved enkle, økonomisk gjennom- shows a strength which resists the greatest possible load on the lid in a stack of containers, and which can be achieved by simple, economical through-
førbare forholdsregler. feasible precautions.
Denne oppgave blir ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse løst ved at This task is solved by the present invention by
en i tverrsnitt kantet fure etter innbretting og fastpressing av den oppragende innbretningskant presses inn i denne under samtidig varme-tilførsel som bare gjør lokk-kanten plastisk. an angular groove in cross-section after folding in and pressing the protruding folding edge is pressed into this under simultaneous heat supply which only makes the lid edge plastic.
Et apparat til utførelse av fremgangsmåten kan fordel- An apparatus for carrying out the method can advantage-
aktig omfatte en til konturen og størrelsen av beholderens ytterkant svarende pressramme som kan senkes og heves i takt med be-holdertilførselen og på undersiden er utformet med en som formstempel tjenende presslist med en tverrsnittsform motsvarende furenes, og som samvirker med en motsvarende, opphetbar matriseramme som er anordnet omtrent på nivå med bunnen av de i arbeidstakt tilførte beholdere og i sitt indre er forsynt med en plattform som bærer den angjeldende beholder og kan senkes minst den fulle beholderhøyde. similarly comprise a press frame corresponding to the contour and size of the outer edge of the container which can be lowered and raised in step with the container supply and on the underside is designed with a press strip serving as a mold stamp with a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the furrows, and which cooperates with a corresponding, heatable matrix frame which is arranged approximately at the level of the bottom of the containers added during work and is provided in its interior with a platform which carries the container in question and can be lowered at least the full height of the container.
Ved disse forholdsregler blir ved hver beholder lokk-kanten ikke bare spent fast mellom den ombøyde eller innbrettede ombretningskant og anleggskanten på beholderen og ved hjelp av den innpressede fure forbundet formsluttende med ombretningskanten og anleggskanten. Som følge av varmepåvirkningen på ca. 300°C blir også kanten av det av plast bestående lokk, til tross for den korte varighet av en arbeidstakt, gjort såpass plastisk at plasten under innvirkning av det samtidig utøvede trykk til frembringelse av furen trenger inn i foldene i den deformerte metall- eller aluminiumfolie. Forbindelsen mellom beholder og lokk får derved en høy styrke og en størst mulig motstandsevne. Derved kan der i lokket eventuelt benyttes en forholdsvis tynn plastfolie. Fremstil-lingen av en slik lukning ved hjelp av et lokk er følgelig overordentlig økonomisk, så meget mer som tilførselen av de fylte beholdere som skal lukkes, til ombrettingsapparatet for ombretningskanten og til det etter-følgende apparat til innpressing av furen og mykning av lokk-kanten, foregår i samme takt. Deretter kan de lukkede beholdere transporteres videre ved hjelp av et transportbånd. With these precautions, the lid edge of each container is not only clamped firmly between the bent or folded-in folding edge and the contact edge of the container and with the help of the pressed-in groove connected form-locking with the folding edge and contact edge. As a result of the heat effect of approx. 300°C, the edge of the plastic cover is also, despite the short duration of a working cycle, made so plastic that the plastic, under the influence of the simultaneously exerted pressure to produce the furrow, penetrates into the folds of the deformed metal or aluminum foil . The connection between the container and the lid thereby gains a high strength and the greatest possible resistance. Thereby, a relatively thin plastic foil can possibly be used in the lid. The manufacture of such a closure by means of a lid is consequently exceedingly economical, so much more so as the supply of the filled containers to be closed, to the crimping apparatus for the crimping edge and to the subsequent apparatus for pressing in the furrow and softening the lid. edge, takes place at the same rate. The closed containers can then be transported further using a conveyor belt.
Et utførelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen vil i det følgende bli nærmere beskrevet i forbindelse med tegningen. Fig. 1 er et lengdesnitt gjennom et skjematisk fremstilt opphetbart apparat til innpressing av furer i ytterkanten av et lokk som ligger på en beholder som skal lukkes, og samtidig mykning av denne kant. Fig. 2 er et oppriss av et skjematisk fremstilt apparat til intermittent tilførsel av beholdere som skal lukkes, til to bearbeid-ings stas joner . Fig. 3 er et snitt i større målestokk gjennom en del av en lokk-kant hos en lukket beholder. An embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail below in connection with the drawing. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a schematically produced heatable device for pressing in furrows in the outer edge of a lid that is on a container to be closed, and at the same time softening this edge. Fig. 2 is an elevation of a schematically produced apparatus for the intermittent supply of containers to be closed, to two processing stations. Fig. 3 is a section on a larger scale through part of a lid edge of a closed container.
I det valgte utførelseseksempel består hver beholder 1 av metallfolie, fortrinnsvis aluminiumfolie. Sideveggene løper skrått utover slik at beholderens åpning er større enn bunnen. Denne beholder, som kan lukkes med et lokk 3 av plast, tjener i det foreliggende tilfelle som kakeform og må av plasshensyn kunne stables uten at kaken eller et annet trykkømfintlig levnetsmiddel kan trykkes sammen. Dette krever en forbindelse med høy styrke og motstandsdyktighet mellom beholderen 1 og lokket 3 for at lokket ikke skal kunne bule inn under vekten av beholdere som er satt på lokket. In the chosen embodiment, each container 1 consists of metal foil, preferably aluminum foil. The side walls run diagonally outwards so that the opening of the container is larger than the bottom. This container, which can be closed with a lid 3 made of plastic, serves in the present case as a cake mold and must, for reasons of space, be stackable without the cake or another pressure-sensitive foodstuff being able to be pressed together. This requires a connection of high strength and resistance between the container 1 and the lid 3 so that the lid cannot bulge under the weight of containers placed on the lid.
Hver beholder 1 har på kjent måte en anleggskant 4 som omgir beholderåpningen, og som er parallell med beholderbunnen 2 og tjener til å motta lokket 3, foruten en ombretnings- eller falsekant 5 som står vinkelrett på lokket. Falsekanten 5 slutter seg til den ytre omkrets av anleggskanten 4 og blir på samme måte som denne fremstilt i ett med beholderen fra den samme aluminiumfolie. Each container 1 has, in a known manner, an abutment edge 4 which surrounds the container opening, and which is parallel to the container bottom 2 and serves to receive the lid 3, in addition to a folding or folding edge 5 which is perpendicular to the lid. The folded edge 5 joins the outer circumference of the construction edge 4 and is produced in the same way as this in one piece with the container from the same aluminum foil.
Det tilhørende lokk 3 legges på anleggskanten 4 av en slik beholder, som er fylt med f.eks en kake, og falsekanten 5 blir ved hjelp av et apparat 6 brettet inn over og trykket ned mot yttersiden av lokkets kant. På denne måte har man tidligere lukket beholdere 1 av den beskrevne art, og herunder er de tre av anleggskanten 4, lokk-kanten og falsekanten 5 bestående materiallag som ligger over hverandre ved lokkets randsone, ikke forseglet til hverandre, men danner en enhetlig ytterkant på den på denne måte lukkede beholder. The associated lid 3 is placed on the mounting edge 4 of such a container, which is filled with, for example, a cake, and the folded edge 5 is folded over and pressed down against the outer side of the lid's edge by means of a device 6. In this way, containers 1 of the type described have previously been closed, and below the three material layers consisting of the construction edge 4, the lid edge and the seam edge 5, which lie one above the other at the edge zone of the lid, are not sealed to each other, but form a uniform outer edge on the container closed in this way.
For å gi skjøten mellom lokket 3 og beholderen 1 en høy styrke og motstandsdyktighet blir i tilslutning til innbrettingen og påpressingen av den oppragende falsekant på lokk-kanten en i tverrsnitt kantet, f.eks. trekantet, fure 8 presset inn i den dannede beholder-ytterkant, som nå utgjøres av tre lag materiale. Innpressingen av furen 8 skjer ved hjelp av et annet apparat 7 under trykk og samtidig varmepåvirkning ved ca. 300°C på en slik måte at bare kanten av det av•termoplast bestående lokk 3 gjøres plastisk eller myk. Riktignok inntrer heller ikke her en for-segling av de tre materialer ved varmepåvirkningen, då der ikke kan komme istand en homogen forbindelse mellom en termoplastfolie og en In order to give the joint between the lid 3 and the container 1 a high strength and resistance, in connection with the folding in and the pressing of the protruding folded edge on the lid edge, a cross-section is edged, e.g. triangular, furrow 8 pressed into the formed container outer edge, which now consists of three layers of material. The pressing in of the furrow 8 takes place with the help of another device 7 under pressure and simultaneous heat action at approx. 300°C in such a way that only the edge of the thermoplastic lid 3 is made plastic or soft. Admittedly, a sealing of the three materials does not occur here either due to the influence of heat, as a homogeneous connection cannot be established between a thermoplastic foil and a
.folie av en helt annen art, nemlig en metallfolie. Den myknede plast vil imidlertid under innvirkning av det trykk som former furen 8, trenge inn i foldene av den metallfolie som danner anleggskanten 4 og den innbrettede falsekant 5, slik at beholderens ytterkant i samvirkning med furen oppnår en høy styrke. Lokket 3 blir nå med sin kant ikke bare fastholdt mellom anleggskanten 4 og den nedbrettede falsekant 5 på be- .foil of a completely different kind, namely a metal foil. The softened plastic will, however, under the influence of the pressure that forms the furrow 8, penetrate into the folds of the metal foil that forms the contact edge 4 and the folded-in fold edge 5, so that the outer edge of the container in cooperation with the furrow achieves a high strength. The lid 3 is now with its edge not only held between the construction edge 4 and the folded down seam edge 5 on the
holderen, men er på grunn av furen 8 samtidig formsluttende forbundet og dessuten effektivt sammenklebet med begge disse kanter, samtidig som den nedbrettede falsekant 5 i forbindelse med den i foldene i kantene inntrengte plast, tjener som en ytterligere sikring og hindrer at lokk-kanten kan løfte seg ut av furen i anleggskanten 4 selv ved stor belastning på lokket. Samtidig er denne kraft desto mindre jo mindre vinkelen ved spissen av den i tverrsnitt trekantete fure er. the holder, but due to the groove 8 is at the same time form-lockingly connected and also effectively glued together with both of these edges, at the same time that the folded down seam edge 5 in connection with the plastic penetrated into the folds in the edges, serves as a further safeguard and prevents the lid edge from lift itself out of the groove in the construction edge 4 even when there is a heavy load on the lid. At the same time, this force is the smaller the smaller the angle at the tip of the cross-section triangular furrow.
Ved industriell utførelse av fremgangsmåten til lukking av kakeformene eller beholderne 1 med hver sitt lokk 3 benyttes et bærestativ 9 som de fylte beholdere med allerede pålagte lokk settes på etter tur, In the industrial implementation of the method for closing the cake tins or containers 1, each with its own lid 3, a carrier stand 9 is used, on which the filled containers with already fitted lids are placed in turn,
og som skyves frem til et maskinstativ 10. På maskinstativet 10 finnes et i og for seg kjent apparat 6 til innbrett ing av den ennå oppragende falsekant 5 mot oversiden av lokk-kanten. Denne maskin hører til tek-nikkens stand, slik at en inngående forklaring av dens oppbygning er overflødig. Den består i alt vesentlig av et stempel som kan beveges opp og ned, og som har skråflater som divergerer i retning mot beholderne og bretter inn falsekanten 5> og videre med støttekanten parallelle trykkflater til å presse den nedbrettede falsekant mot oversiden av lokk-kanten. and which is pushed forward to a machine stand 10. On the machine stand 10 there is an apparatus 6 known per se for folding in the still protruding fold edge 5 against the upper side of the lid edge. This machine belongs to the state of the art, so that a detailed explanation of its structure is superfluous. It essentially consists of a piston that can be moved up and down, and which has inclined surfaces that diverge in the direction of the containers and folds in the folded edge 5> and further pressure surfaces parallel to the support edge to press the folded down folded edge against the upper side of the lid edge.
Fra denne bearbeidningsstasjon 6 føres beholderne 1, resp. kakeformene, til et ytterligere apparat 7 som er vist skjematisk på fig. 1. Dette apparat tjener til innpressing av en fure 8 i beholderens ytterkant som utgjøres av tre lag materiale. Apparatet eller bearbeidnings-stas j onen 7 kan være anordnet på et ytterligere maskinstativ 11. Apparatet 7 utgjøres i det vesentlige av en pressramme 12 som kan beveges opp og ned i arbeidstakt, og som f.eks. kan være festet til en travers 12a som er ført på to stenger, og har en størrelse og kontur som tilsvarer anleggskanten 4 resp. ytterkanten av beholderen 1. På undersiden av pressrammen 12 er der anordnet en presslist 13 som tjener som formstempel og har et tverrsnitt motsvarende tverrsnittet av furen 8. På From this processing station 6 the containers 1, resp. the cake forms, to a further device 7 which is shown schematically in fig. 1. This device serves to press in a furrow 8 in the outer edge of the container, which is made up of three layers of material. The apparatus or processing station 7 can be arranged on a further machine stand 11. The apparatus 7 essentially consists of a press frame 12 which can be moved up and down in a working cycle, and which e.g. can be attached to a traverse 12a which is carried on two rods, and has a size and contour that corresponds to the construction edge 4 or the outer edge of the container 1. On the underside of the press frame 12 there is arranged a press strip 13 which serves as a die and has a cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the furrow 8. On
en avstand fra det løftede stempel som minst tilsvarer den største høyde av en beholder 1, resp., på høyde med bunnen av de i arbeidstakt tilførte beholdere, er der fast anordnet en til pressrammen svarende matriseramme 14 som kan varmes opp. Matriserammen 14 er i sitt indre forsynt med en plattform 15 som kan senkes i det minste et stykke lik beholderhøyden og tar imot de etter tur ankommende beholdere. På oversiden av matriserammen 14 er der tildannet et spor 16 med en tverrsnittsform som motsvarer det trekantformede tverrsnitt av presslisten, men er omtrent så meget større enn dette tverrsnitt som svarende til den dobbelte'tykkelse av ytterkanten av beholderen 1. a distance from the lifted piston which at least corresponds to the greatest height of a container 1, or, at the height of the bottom of the containers supplied in the working stroke, there is fixedly arranged a matrix frame 14 corresponding to the press frame which can be heated. The matrix frame 14 is internally provided with a platform 15 which can be lowered at least a distance equal to the container height and receives the containers arriving in turn. On the upper side of the matrix frame 14, a groove 16 is formed with a cross-sectional shape that corresponds to the triangular cross-section of the press strip, but is approximately so much larger than this cross-section that corresponds to twice the thickness of the outer edge of the container 1.
En beholder 1 som skyves frem i arbeidstakt og ankommer når pressrammen 12 er hevet, mottas uten støt av plattformen 15 som også står i hevet stilling. Deretter blir plattformen s.enket så langt ned at beholderens ytterkant med undersiden ligger an mot og bæres av den elek-trisk oppvarmede matriseramme. Samtidig er den opprinnelig hevede pressramme 12 (se venstre side på fig. 2) blitt senket ned mot oversiden av ytterkanten. Ved et kortvarig trykk fra pressrammen 12 mot ytterkanten av den beholder som befinner seg i apparatet, presses furen 8 inn i ytterkanten under mykning av lokk-kanten. Deretter trekkes pressrammen 12 og plattformen 15 igjen tilbake til sine utgangsstillinger. Den lukkede og stablingsdyktige beholder 1 som skyves ut av maskinen av den etterfølgende beholder 1, kan derpå mottas på et transportbånd 17 og transporteres videre til et ønsket lagringssted. A container 1 which is pushed forward in working order and arrives when the press frame 12 is raised, is received without impact by the platform 15 which is also in a raised position. The platform is then lowered so far down that the outer edge of the container with its underside rests against and is supported by the electrically heated matrix frame. At the same time, the originally raised press frame 12 (see left side in fig. 2) has been lowered towards the upper side of the outer edge. By a brief pressure from the press frame 12 against the outer edge of the container located in the device, the furrow 8 is pressed into the outer edge while softening the lid edge. The press frame 12 and the platform 15 are then pulled back to their starting positions. The closed and stackable container 1, which is pushed out of the machine by the following container 1, can then be received on a conveyor belt 17 and transported further to a desired storage location.
Selvsagt kan maskinstativene 10 og 11 bygges sammen til et eneste stativ. De kan også utføres fastmontert eller kjørbare. Bære-stativet som tar imot de fylte beholdere 1, resp. kakeformene, kan ha en vilkårlig lengde og likeledes være forsynt med et transportbånd som i arbeidstakt med de to bearbeidingsstasjoner 6 og 7 transporterer de oppstilte beholdere videre. Of course, the machine stands 10 and 11 can be built together to form a single stand. They can also be fixed-mounted or movable. The carrier rack that receives the filled containers 1, resp. the cake moulds, can have an arbitrary length and likewise be provided with a conveyor belt which, in working rhythm with the two processing stations 6 and 7, transports the arranged containers onward.
Endelig kan det beskrevne apparat til lukking av beholdere som er fylt. med levnetsmidler, ytterligere forenkles vesentlig ved at de to bearbeidingsstasjoner sammenfattes til et verktøy med flere arbeids-operasjoner, hvorved stativdelen mellom bearbeidingsstasjonene faller bort. Ved denne sammenbygging blir særlig apparatets plassbehov og også konstruksjonsomkostningene redusert, slik at en på denne måte forenklet maskin utmerker seg ved en enda større lønnsomhet. Finally, the described device for closing containers that have been filled. with foodstuffs, is further simplified significantly by the fact that the two processing stations are combined into a tool with several work operations, whereby the rack part between the processing stations falls away. With this combination, in particular, the device's space requirements and also the construction costs are reduced, so that a machine simplified in this way is distinguished by an even greater profitability.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2116179A DE2116179C3 (en) | 1971-04-02 | 1971-04-02 | Method and device for closing containers filled with food |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131195B true NO131195B (en) | 1975-01-13 |
NO131195C NO131195C (en) | 1975-04-23 |
Family
ID=5803714
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO742/72A NO131195C (en) | 1971-04-02 | 1972-03-08 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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AT (1) | AT311891B (en) |
BE (1) | BE781396A (en) |
CH (1) | CH533034A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2116179C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2136070A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1376207A (en) |
IT (1) | IT954813B (en) |
LU (1) | LU64913A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7204053A (en) |
NO (1) | NO131195C (en) |
SE (1) | SE387295B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4437574A1 (en) * | 1994-10-20 | 1996-05-02 | Alcan Gmbh | Aluminium food container with sealed edge |
GB201214716D0 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-10-03 | Crown Packaging Technology Inc | Metal cans with peelable lids |
CA3107163C (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2023-03-14 | K-Fee System Gmbh | Method for producing a portion capsule for preparing a beverage in a beverage production machine, portion capsule, and method for producing a beverage with a beverage production machine and a portion capsule |
-
1971
- 1971-04-02 DE DE2116179A patent/DE2116179C3/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-03-03 AT AT180172A patent/AT311891B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-03-07 LU LU64913D patent/LU64913A1/xx unknown
- 1972-03-07 CH CH330572A patent/CH533034A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-03-08 NO NO742/72A patent/NO131195C/no unknown
- 1972-03-08 SE SE7202952A patent/SE387295B/en unknown
- 1972-03-21 IT IT22150/72A patent/IT954813B/en active
- 1972-03-27 NL NL7204053A patent/NL7204053A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1972-03-28 FR FR7210873A patent/FR2136070A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-03-29 BE BE781396A patent/BE781396A/en unknown
- 1972-03-29 GB GB1489072A patent/GB1376207A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO131195C (en) | 1975-04-23 |
DE2116179C3 (en) | 1974-01-10 |
LU64913A1 (en) | 1972-07-07 |
DE2116179B2 (en) | 1973-06-28 |
AT311891B (en) | 1973-12-10 |
BE781396A (en) | 1972-07-17 |
DE2116179A1 (en) | 1972-10-12 |
CH533034A (en) | 1973-01-31 |
FR2136070A5 (en) | 1972-12-22 |
NL7204053A (en) | 1972-10-04 |
GB1376207A (en) | 1974-12-04 |
IT954813B (en) | 1973-09-15 |
SE387295B (en) | 1976-09-06 |
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