US3853218A - Load of goods comprising a plurality of layers, and a method and a machine for producing said load - Google Patents

Load of goods comprising a plurality of layers, and a method and a machine for producing said load Download PDF

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US3853218A
US3853218A US00328002A US32800273A US3853218A US 3853218 A US3853218 A US 3853218A US 00328002 A US00328002 A US 00328002A US 32800273 A US32800273 A US 32800273A US 3853218 A US3853218 A US 3853218A
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load
goods
film
layers
bottom layer
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H Grasvoll
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/0088Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B65B11/58Applying two or more wrappers, e.g. in succession
    • B65B11/585Applying two or more wrappers, e.g. in succession to stacked articles, e.g. pallettised loads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/02Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material between opposed webs
    • B65B9/026Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material between opposed webs the webs forming a curtain
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00006Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B65D2571/00012Bundles surrounded by a film
    • B65D2571/00018Bundles surrounded by a film under tension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00006Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B65D2571/00061Special configuration of the stack
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00006Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B65D2571/00067Local maintaining elements, e.g. partial packaging, shrink packaging, shrink small bands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00006Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B65D2571/0008Load supporting elements
    • B65D2571/00092Load supporting elements formed by specially placed articles or parts thereof

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A load of goods comprising several superposed layers of goods, and a method and a machine for producing said load, said load being enclosed in plastics film and arranged to be lifted by means of a fork truck without being supported on a pallet.
  • the bottom layer is narrower than the layers positioned thereabove, whereby spaces are formed at either side of the bottom layer to accommodate the lifting legs of a fork lift truck.
  • the bottom layer is enclosed separately in shrinking film and welded to the film surrounding the remaining goods layers in such a manner that a very strong joint is formed ensuring that the bottom layer of the load does not separate from the superposed layers upon lifting of the entire load by means of a fork truck.
  • the present invention has for its purpose to provide a load enclosed in a shrinking foil in such a manner that the pallet is no longer necessary for transporting the load. More precisely, the invention concerns loads of the kind whereinthe bottom goods layer terminates at a considerable distance from the side edges of the layer of goods positioned immediately above the bottom one such that two longitudinal spaces are formed there to accommodate the legs of a lifting fork, and the film is arranged to extend into these spaces so as to cover those sides thereof which face outwards and downwards. It is characteristic of the invention that the bottom layer of goods is enclosed separately in the plastics film and that the film enclosing the upper layer or layers is welded to the film of the bottom layer along two parallel longitudinal sides.
  • the bottom layer is narrower than the immediately upper layer of goods (as the bottom layer does not extend all the way up to the edges of the load) and because an identical film web is used to wrap the bottom layer and the rest of the layers. which means that the web of film used for the bottom layer has the same width as the web of film used for the rest of the layers, two surplus portions of this film web will be formed at two opposite ends of the bottom layer. These surplus film portions (ends) are bent upwards into contact with the film web extending along the lower face of the second layer in succession and are secured to this film web. The joint thus provided between the two lower" layers of goods is sufficiently strong to ensure that the bottom layer will adhere to the rest of the goods layers when the entire load is lifted.
  • the invention also concerns a method and a machine for assembling and producing loads of the kind referred I0.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in a perspective view six loads wrapped in shrinking plastics film in accordance with the invention and positioned in superposed rows
  • FIG. 2 illustrates on a somewhat larger scale one load of this kind during transport by means of a fork truck
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the bottom layer of goods enclosed in shrinking film
  • FIG. 4 shows in an end view a load being wrapped in film
  • FIG. 5 shows the same load at a later stage of the wrapping procedure
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic side view of a machine in accordance with the invention for stacking and wrapping goods
  • FIG. 7 is a vertical cross section through the machine along line VII-VII of FIG. 6,
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of a machine in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention for wrapping of loads
  • FIG. 9 illustrates on an enlarged scale that portion of the machine where the hermetic sealing of the load is performed
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical cross section through this machine along line X-X of FIG. 9,
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the load after film shrinkage, the load having been turned to correct position for transport by means of a fork truck, and
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an end view of a load wrapped in accordance with a third modification of the teachings of the invention.
  • the machine illustrated in FIG. 6 for stacking goods in layers numbered 1, 2, 3, one on top of the other comprises at its top portion a conveyor 4 for feeding goods 5 into the machine and a conveyor 6 for discharging the load 7, when completed, from the machine.
  • the machine also comprises an elevator carriage 8 arranged to move stepwise from an upper position downwards, each step performed by said carriage corresponding to the height of the respective layer of goods 1, 2 and 3.
  • Below the conveyor 4 is arranged a feeder plate 10 which is displaceable in the direction illustrated by double arrow 9 'up to the position 10' illustrated in dashand-dot lines in FIG. 6 above the conveyor 6, past a vertically displaceable stripper means 11.
  • Two supply rolls 13 and 14 holding webs 15 and 16, respectively, of shrinking plastics film are mounted in the machine stand 12.
  • the fixed welding head 17 of a welding unit At the left turning point of the feeder plate 10 is positioned the fixed welding head 17 of a welding unit. this welding head cooperating with a counter head 18 positioned at the forward end of the feeder plate I0.
  • the counter head 18 serves as a film conveyor means or is provided with a film conveyor for the shrinking film 15 at its free end.
  • the width of film webs 15, 16 is, as appears from FIG. 7, considerably larger than the width of goods layers 1, 2, and 3, in case the shrinking film is to enclose the entire load 7.
  • the machine is provided at the short sides 19 of its stand 12 with a welding unit 20 comprising a stationary head 21 and a welding head 22 arranged to be swung in over the stationary one, which serves as a counter head.
  • Arrangement of the load 7 and the wrapping thereof in shrinking film is effected in the following manner with the aid of the machine illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • a number of articles are advanced by the conveyor 4 to the left in accordance with FIG. 6 down onto the feeder plate which moves to the left at the same speed.
  • the film is fed by the head 18 into contact with the free end of the film 16 in front of the fixed head 17 of the welding unit.
  • the film webs 15 and 16 are thus welded-together and assume a position immediately above the conveyor 6 on the elevator carriage 8, the initial position of which corresponds to its uppermost position closely beneath the feeder plate 10 in the position thereof designated 10'.
  • the stripper means 11 descends to operative level and prevents the articles 5 from returning together with the feeder plate 10 when the latter moves back to its original position.
  • the bottom goods layer thus will be positioned centrally on the conveyor 6 and rest on the shrinking film webs l5 and 16.
  • the elevator carriage 8 will descend one step, whereafter the course of events related above will be repeated; this time, however, the machine will handle a larger number of articles 5 and the stripper means designated 11 will be the one in function.
  • the layer of goods positioned immediately on top thereof was simultaneously brought to rest on fresh lengths of film webs l5, 16.
  • the layers 2 of goods comprising a larger number of articles 5 and consequently being broader than the bottom layer 1, rest in a central position on this bottom layer such that longitudinal, empty or free spaces 23 will be formed, extending on either side of the bottom layer 1 below the edge portions of the layer 2 positioned immediately above the bottom one.
  • Successive layers 3 of goods are advanced into the machine and stacked on layer 2 but the feeder plate 10 is not moved sufficiently far to the extreme left to permit the welding head 18 to reach up to welding head 17 (see FIG. 6) and consequently no welding together of film webs 15 and 16 occurs.
  • the layers 2 and 3 thus are not individually wrapped in film.
  • the elevator carriage 8 descends a further step, and thereafter the feeder plate 10 together with the welding head 18 are moved into contact with the welding head 17 to weld film webs 15 and 16 together, forming a banderole 24 (FIG. 4) of such a width that two film lengths 25 will hang down, one at either side of the side edges 26 of the bottom layer and the film banderole 27 covering these edges.
  • the complete load 7 is thereafter transported on the conveyor 6, away from the point of stacking up to the subsequent station of treatment.
  • the latter comprises a frame 28 which may be lowered over the load 7 and which is provided with air nozzles 29, having a source of hot air (not illustrated) connected thereto.
  • a source of hot air not illustrated
  • Above the conveyor 6 on either side thereof two heating plates 30, heated e.g. by hot air, are arranged, these heating plates 30 being pressed laterally against the bottom layer 1 when actuated by piston-and-cylinder units 31, 32 operated by pressurized air.
  • the heating plates 30 force the two dependent parts or lengths 25 of the banderole 24 against and into contact with the banderole 27, whereby these two film portions are laminated together.
  • the frame 28 is thereafter lowered while at the same time hot air is sprayed onto the banderole 24 which shrinks and thus is made to enclose goods layers 2, 3, and 3' tightly.
  • the load 7 When completely wrapped, the load 7 may be moved by a fork truck 33 (FIG. 2), resting on the truck fork legs 34, which engage in the longitudinal spaces 23, and the load may thereafter be stacked, for instance as illustrated in FIG. 1. Owing to the strong adherence be tween the two film banderoles 24 and 27 as a result of the lamination of the dependent lengths 25 of the banderole 24 to the banderole 27, is ensured that the packages forming the bottom layer of goods and positioned in the gap between the fork legs 34, do not separate from the superposed layers when the entire load is lifted by the truck fork.
  • the width of the film webs 15 and 16 is imagined to only slightly exceed the length of the load 7.
  • the shrinking film is to enclose the load 7 entirely it is necessary to use considerably wider film webs 15, 16 (see FIG. 7) and only in such cases may the welding units 20 be put to use.
  • FIG. 7 is shown the manner in which the lower portion or length 35 of the ends of the banderole 24 rests on the fixed heads 21.
  • the heads 22 are used to press the ends of the upper portions or lengths 36 of the banderole against the lower film portions 35 to permit the two film portions to be welded together. Consequently, layers 2, 3 will be completly enclosed in shrinking film.
  • the ends of the film banderole 27 for the bottom goods layer 1 have previously been welded together. In the subsequent shrinking process the film will fit tightly around the load in the usual manner such that the welding joints will be only faintly apparent.
  • Loads may also be wrapped in a different manner and with the aid of a machine which differs from the one described above.
  • a wrapping machine constructed as appears from FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 may be used to wrap in shrinking film a load 7 from a pallet loader of conventional type, the bottom layer 1 (see FIG. 11) of said load 7 terminating at a considerable distance from the side edges of the layers 2, 3 of goods positioned thereabove.
  • a wrapping machine of this kind comprises three conveyors 37, 38, and 39 arranged in aligned succession.
  • a portal 40 extends above the conveyor 37, the loads 7 being advanced through said portal in the direction illustrated by arrow 41 (FIG. 8).
  • a supply roll 42 holding shrinking film 43 which is dispensed in such a manner that at the feedingout end of the portal it will hang down on either side of the load 7.
  • a combined cutter-and-welder device 44 by means of which the dependent side portions or side lengths 45 of the film web 43 are moved into contact with one another in front of the load and when the latter is advanced one step these lengths meet also behind the load 7, such that the latter will be completely enclosed in shrinking film which thus surrounds the load like a hood.
  • welding units are provided each one of which comprises one fixed head 48, 49 (FIG. 9) and 50, 51 (FIG. respectively, as well as one movable head 52, 53 (FIG. 9) and 54, 55, respectively, these movable heads being arranged to move in across its associated fixed head.
  • These welding units function to weld the marginal portion 56 of the dependent side lengths 45 of the film hood 57 to the longitudinal portions 58 of the film 47 as well as to its transverse marginal portions formed after cutting of the film web in the transverse direction.
  • the enclosure of the load 7 will be air-tight.
  • the load thus enclosed will be advanced through a shrinking tunnel 59 (FIG. 8) by the conveyor 39, whereby the film will be shrunk tightly around the load.
  • the load 7 is imagined transported through the portal 40 and through the shrinking tunnel 59 in a position wherein its narrowest layer 1 of goods is at the top (see FIG. 10) to eliminate any risk that the stack of goods will slide or collapse during transport.
  • the load 7 is turned upside-down by any convenient turning mechanism known per se to the position illustrated in FIG. 11 in which it may be engaged by the lifting legs 34 of a fork truck 33.
  • FIG. I2 is illustrated a load 7 the bottom layer 1 of goods of which is wrapped separately in shrinking film 27 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 7.
  • the layers 2, 3, and 3' have been stacked by means of a pallet loader known per se, without, however, being enclosed in shrinking film.
  • This load 7 is advanced through the portal 40 in accordance with FIG. 8 and enclosed in shrinking film 43 in such a way that a film hood 57 as illustrated in FIG. 9 is formed.
  • the dependent marginal portions 56 of the film hood 57 are thereafter pressed by the heating plates 30 into contact with the shrinking film 27 surrounding the bottom layer I and laminated thereto.
  • this method provides a good joint and strong adherence between the film hood 57 and the film 27, in addition to which the load will be air-tightly enclosed and the amount of shrinking film used minimal.
  • the machines in accordance with the invention may also comprise means to join together by means of welding any such portions of the film surrounding the upper layers 2, 3, and 3 as may hang down at the short ends of the load, and the film surrounding the bottom goods layer 1, thus providing a secure joint between these two films also at the short ends of the load.
  • the shrinking frame 28 may, instead of hot air nozzles 29, have electric heat radiators.
  • the shrinking frame 28 may also be provided with brushes which upon lowering of the frame over the load 7 sweep over the film banderole 24 and smoothens it in a downwards direction.
  • An improved load comprising several superposed layers of goods, a plastics film wrapped around said load, the bottom layer of said load terminating a considerable distance from the side edges of the layer or layers of goods positioned immediately thereabove, two longitudinal spaces being formed at either side of said bottom layer to accommodate in said spaces the lifting legs of a fork lift truck, said film extending into said spaces so as to cover the outwardly and downwardly facing sides of said spaces, the improvement comprising a first plastics film arranged to enclose said bottom layer of goods separately, and a second plastics film arranged to enclose the upper layer or layers of goods, said second plastics film welded to the first plastics film at least along two parallel longitudinal sides.
  • An improved load comprising several superimposed layer of goods, a first lowermost portion, a first plastic film enclosing said lowermost portion, a second uppermost portion of goods supported upon said lowermost portion, the side edges of said lowermost portion terminating a considerable distance inwardly from the side edges of said uppermost portion to define two longitudinal spaces at either side of said lowermost portion to accommodate the tines of a fork lift truck, and a second plastic film enclosing said uppermost portion and having at least parts extending along and affixed to the parts of said first plastic film adjacent to said side edges of said lowermost portion for affixing said load portions together.

Abstract

A load of goods comprising several superposed layers of goods, and a method and a machine for producing said load, said load being enclosed in plastics film and arranged to be lifted by means of a fork truck without being supported on a pallet. For this purpose the bottom layer is narrower than the layers positioned thereabove, whereby spaces are formed at either side of the bottom layer to accommodate the lifting legs of a fork lift truck. The bottom layer is enclosed separately in shrinking film and welded to the film surrounding the remaining goods layers in such a manner that a very strong joint is formed ensuring that the bottom layer of the load does not separate from the superposed layers upon lifting of the entire load by means of a fork truck.

Description

United States Patent [191 Grasvoll [4 1 Dec. 10, 1974 [75] Inventor: Halvor Grasvoll, Goteborg, Sweden [73] Assignees: Gustav Magnusson Gilbert, Vastra Frotunda; Karl Ingvar Weiner,
Goteburg, both of, Sweden [22] Filed: Jan. 30, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 328,002
[52] US. Cl 206/386, 206/497, 229/DIG. 12
[51] Int. Cl B65d 75/25 [58] Field of Search 206/60 A, 65 S; 229/DIG. 12
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,489,054 ill/1949 Sprolle 206/60 A 3,667,598 6/1972 Zelnick 206/65 S 3,695,426 10/1972 Engelsberger 206/65 S 3,788,462 1/1974 Meincer 206/65 S FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 2,002,061 7/1971 Germany 206/65 S Primary ExaminerWilliam i. Price Assistant Examiner-Douglas B. Farrow Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Harness, Dickey & Pierce [57] ABSTRACT A load of goods comprising several superposed layers of goods, and a method and a machine for producing said load, said load being enclosed in plastics film and arranged to be lifted by means of a fork truck without being supported on a pallet. For this purpose the bottom layer is narrower than the layers positioned thereabove, whereby spaces are formed at either side of the bottom layer to accommodate the lifting legs of a fork lift truck. The bottom layer is enclosed separately in shrinking film and welded to the film surrounding the remaining goods layers in such a manner that a very strong joint is formed ensuring that the bottom layer of the load does not separate from the superposed layers upon lifting of the entire load by means of a fork truck.
3 Claims, 12 Drawing Figures PATENIEQ DEC 1 01974 SHEEI 10F 6 Fig.
. PATENTED DEC 1 [H974 SHEET 2 OF 6 Pmmm I 3 853.218
. sugar 5 or s Fig. 6
LOAD OF GOODS COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF LAYERS, AND A METHOD AND A MACHINE FOR PRODUCING SAID LOAD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known to use pallet loaders to stack goods in superposed layers. It is likewise known to enclose the entire pallet load, including the pallet proper on which the load rests, in shrinking foil. In order to make it possible to transport a pallet load of this kind by means of a fork truck, the openings in the pallet through which the truck forks are to be inserted, must remain open and as a result the shrinking foil cannot seal the pallet load hermetically.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has for its purpose to provide a load enclosed in a shrinking foil in such a manner that the pallet is no longer necessary for transporting the load. More precisely, the invention concerns loads of the kind whereinthe bottom goods layer terminates at a considerable distance from the side edges of the layer of goods positioned immediately above the bottom one such that two longitudinal spaces are formed there to accommodate the legs of a lifting fork, and the film is arranged to extend into these spaces so as to cover those sides thereof which face outwards and downwards. It is characteristic of the invention that the bottom layer of goods is enclosed separately in the plastics film and that the film enclosing the upper layer or layers is welded to the film of the bottom layer along two parallel longitudinal sides.
This method of assembling and enclosing the load has proved to be very valuable, particularly when the articles making up the load are heavy, consisting for instance of cement bags. Under these circumstances it is important to see to it that the bottom goods layer does not separate from the remaining layers when the load is lifted by the truck fork legs, as these legs engage in the empty spaces or channels formed in the load and thus do not support the bottom layer of the load directly during lifting.
As the bottom layer is narrower than the immediately upper layer of goods (as the bottom layer does not extend all the way up to the edges of the load) and because an identical film web is used to wrap the bottom layer and the rest of the layers. which means that the web of film used for the bottom layer has the same width as the web of film used for the rest of the layers, two surplus portions of this film web will be formed at two opposite ends of the bottom layer. These surplus film portions (ends) are bent upwards into contact with the film web extending along the lower face of the second layer in succession and are secured to this film web. The joint thus provided between the two lower" layers of goods is sufficiently strong to ensure that the bottom layer will adhere to the rest of the goods layers when the entire load is lifted.
A still stronger joint is obtained if the upper plastic film is allowed to hang down in front of the side edges of the bottom layer and these dependent web lengths of the film attached to the film enclosing the bottom layer.
The invention also concerns a method and a machine for assembling and producing loads of the kind referred I0.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described more in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein FIG. 1 illustrates in a perspective view six loads wrapped in shrinking plastics film in accordance with the invention and positioned in superposed rows,
FIG. 2 illustrates on a somewhat larger scale one load of this kind during transport by means of a fork truck,
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the bottom layer of goods enclosed in shrinking film,
FIG. 4 shows in an end view a load being wrapped in film,
FIG. 5 shows the same load at a later stage of the wrapping procedure,
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic side view of a machine in accordance with the invention for stacking and wrapping goods,
FIG. 7 is a vertical cross section through the machine along line VII-VII of FIG. 6,
FIG. 8 is a side view of a machine in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention for wrapping of loads,
FIG. 9 illustrates on an enlarged scale that portion of the machine where the hermetic sealing of the load is performed,
FIG. 10 is a vertical cross section through this machine along line X-X of FIG. 9,
FIG. 11 illustrates the load after film shrinkage, the load having been turned to correct position for transport by means of a fork truck, and
FIG. 12 illustrates an end view of a load wrapped in accordance with a third modification of the teachings of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The machine illustrated in FIG. 6 for stacking goods in layers numbered 1, 2, 3, one on top of the other, comprises at its top portion a conveyor 4 for feeding goods 5 into the machine and a conveyor 6 for discharging the load 7, when completed, from the machine. The machine also comprises an elevator carriage 8 arranged to move stepwise from an upper position downwards, each step performed by said carriage corresponding to the height of the respective layer of goods 1, 2 and 3. Below the conveyor 4 is arranged a feeder plate 10 which is displaceable in the direction illustrated by double arrow 9 'up to the position 10' illustrated in dashand-dot lines in FIG. 6 above the conveyor 6, past a vertically displaceable stripper means 11. Two supply rolls 13 and 14 holding webs 15 and 16, respectively, of shrinking plastics film are mounted in the machine stand 12. At the left turning point of the feeder plate 10 is positioned the fixed welding head 17 of a welding unit. this welding head cooperating with a counter head 18 positioned at the forward end of the feeder plate I0. The counter head 18 serves as a film conveyor means or is provided with a film conveyor for the shrinking film 15 at its free end. The width of film webs 15, 16 is, as appears from FIG. 7, considerably larger than the width of goods layers 1, 2, and 3, in case the shrinking film is to enclose the entire load 7. For this purpose the machine is provided at the short sides 19 of its stand 12 with a welding unit 20 comprising a stationary head 21 and a welding head 22 arranged to be swung in over the stationary one, which serves as a counter head.
Arrangement of the load 7 and the wrapping thereof in shrinking film is effected in the following manner with the aid of the machine illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. A number of articles are advanced by the conveyor 4 to the left in accordance with FIG. 6 down onto the feeder plate which moves to the left at the same speed. At the same time, the film is fed by the head 18 into contact with the free end of the film 16 in front of the fixed head 17 of the welding unit. The film webs 15 and 16 are thus welded-together and assume a position immediately above the conveyor 6 on the elevator carriage 8, the initial position of which corresponds to its uppermost position closely beneath the feeder plate 10 in the position thereof designated 10'. The stripper means 11 descends to operative level and prevents the articles 5 from returning together with the feeder plate 10 when the latter moves back to its original position. The bottom goods layer thus will be positioned centrally on the conveyor 6 and rest on the shrinking film webs l5 and 16. The elevator carriage 8 will descend one step, whereafter the course of events related above will be repeated; this time, however, the machine will handle a larger number of articles 5 and the stripper means designated 11 will be the one in function. When the bottom layer of goods 1 was being completely enclosed by the shrinking film, the layer of goods positioned immediately on top thereof was simultaneously brought to rest on fresh lengths of film webs l5, 16. The layers 2 of goods comprising a larger number of articles 5 and consequently being broader than the bottom layer 1, rest in a central position on this bottom layer such that longitudinal, empty or free spaces 23 will be formed, extending on either side of the bottom layer 1 below the edge portions of the layer 2 positioned immediately above the bottom one. Successive layers 3 of goods are advanced into the machine and stacked on layer 2 but the feeder plate 10 is not moved sufficiently far to the extreme left to permit the welding head 18 to reach up to welding head 17 (see FIG. 6) and consequently no welding together of film webs 15 and 16 occurs. The layers 2 and 3 thus are not individually wrapped in film. After deposit of the top layer 3 of goods on the stack the elevator carriage 8 descends a further step, and thereafter the feeder plate 10 together with the welding head 18 are moved into contact with the welding head 17 to weld film webs 15 and 16 together, forming a banderole 24 (FIG. 4) of such a width that two film lengths 25 will hang down, one at either side of the side edges 26 of the bottom layer and the film banderole 27 covering these edges.
The complete load 7 is thereafter transported on the conveyor 6, away from the point of stacking up to the subsequent station of treatment. The latter comprises a frame 28 which may be lowered over the load 7 and which is provided with air nozzles 29, having a source of hot air (not illustrated) connected thereto. Above the conveyor 6 on either side thereof two heating plates 30, heated e.g. by hot air, are arranged, these heating plates 30 being pressed laterally against the bottom layer 1 when actuated by piston-and- cylinder units 31, 32 operated by pressurized air.
During their movement towards one another the heating plates 30 force the two dependent parts or lengths 25 of the banderole 24 against and into contact with the banderole 27, whereby these two film portions are laminated together. The frame 28 is thereafter lowered while at the same time hot air is sprayed onto the banderole 24 which shrinks and thus is made to enclose goods layers 2, 3, and 3' tightly.
When completely wrapped, the load 7 may be moved by a fork truck 33 (FIG. 2), resting on the truck fork legs 34, which engage in the longitudinal spaces 23, and the load may thereafter be stacked, for instance as illustrated in FIG. 1. Owing to the strong adherence be tween the two film banderoles 24 and 27 as a result of the lamination of the dependent lengths 25 of the banderole 24 to the banderole 27, is ensured that the packages forming the bottom layer of goods and positioned in the gap between the fork legs 34, do not separate from the superposed layers when the entire load is lifted by the truck fork.
In the wrapping described above the width of the film webs 15 and 16 is imagined to only slightly exceed the length of the load 7. When the film shrinks, it will keep the various packages together but the load will not be hermetically sealed. If the shrinking film is to enclose the load 7 entirely it is necessary to use considerably wider film webs 15, 16 (see FIG. 7) and only in such cases may the welding units 20 be put to use. In FIG. 7 is shown the manner in which the lower portion or length 35 of the ends of the banderole 24 rests on the fixed heads 21. The heads 22 are used to press the ends of the upper portions or lengths 36 of the banderole against the lower film portions 35 to permit the two film portions to be welded together. Consequently, layers 2, 3 will be completly enclosed in shrinking film. In the same manner, the ends of the film banderole 27 for the bottom goods layer 1 have previously been welded together. In the subsequent shrinking process the film will fit tightly around the load in the usual manner such that the welding joints will be only faintly apparent.
Loads may also be wrapped in a different manner and with the aid of a machine which differs from the one described above. A wrapping machine constructed as appears from FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 may be used to wrap in shrinking film a load 7 from a pallet loader of conventional type, the bottom layer 1 (see FIG. 11) of said load 7 terminating at a considerable distance from the side edges of the layers 2, 3 of goods positioned thereabove. A wrapping machine of this kind comprises three conveyors 37, 38, and 39 arranged in aligned succession. A portal 40 extends above the conveyor 37, the loads 7 being advanced through said portal in the direction illustrated by arrow 41 (FIG. 8). Above the portal transversely to the direction of advancement is mounted a supply roll 42 holding shrinking film 43, which is dispensed in such a manner that at the feedingout end of the portal it will hang down on either side of the load 7. Between the conveyors 37 and 38 is arranged a combined cutter-and-welder device 44 by means of which the dependent side portions or side lengths 45 of the film web 43 are moved into contact with one another in front of the load and when the latter is advanced one step these lengths meet also behind the load 7, such that the latter will be completely enclosed in shrinking film which thus surrounds the load like a hood. Below the conveyor 38 at the starting end thereof is rotatably mounted a supply roll 46 holding shrinking film 47 which is fed onto the conveyor 38 in such a manner that the bottom layer 1 of the load 7 will rest on this film web. At the starting end of the conveyor 38 as also at its terminal end and at its sides, welding units are provided each one of which comprises one fixed head 48, 49 (FIG. 9) and 50, 51 (FIG. respectively, as well as one movable head 52, 53 (FIG. 9) and 54, 55, respectively, these movable heads being arranged to move in across its associated fixed head. These welding units function to weld the marginal portion 56 of the dependent side lengths 45 of the film hood 57 to the longitudinal portions 58 of the film 47 as well as to its transverse marginal portions formed after cutting of the film web in the transverse direction. As a result, the enclosure of the load 7 will be air-tight. The load thus enclosed will be advanced through a shrinking tunnel 59 (FIG. 8) by the conveyor 39, whereby the film will be shrunk tightly around the load.
In this case the load 7 is imagined transported through the portal 40 and through the shrinking tunnel 59 in a position wherein its narrowest layer 1 of goods is at the top (see FIG. 10) to eliminate any risk that the stack of goods will slide or collapse during transport. When the load 7 has passed through the shrinking tunnel 59 it is turned upside-down by any convenient turning mechanism known per se to the position illustrated in FIG. 11 in which it may be engaged by the lifting legs 34 of a fork truck 33. I
In FIG. I2 is illustrated a load 7 the bottom layer 1 of goods of which is wrapped separately in shrinking film 27 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 7. On top of this bottom layer, the layers 2, 3, and 3' have been stacked by means of a pallet loader known per se, without, however, being enclosed in shrinking film. This load 7 is advanced through the portal 40 in accordance with FIG. 8 and enclosed in shrinking film 43 in such a way that a film hood 57 as illustrated in FIG. 9 is formed. The dependent marginal portions 56 of the film hood 57 are thereafter pressed by the heating plates 30 into contact with the shrinking film 27 surrounding the bottom layer I and laminated thereto. Also this method provides a good joint and strong adherence between the film hood 57 and the film 27, in addition to which the load will be air-tightly enclosed and the amount of shrinking film used minimal.
The machines in accordance with the invention may also comprise means to join together by means of welding any such portions of the film surrounding the upper layers 2, 3, and 3 as may hang down at the short ends of the load, and the film surrounding the bottom goods layer 1, thus providing a secure joint between these two films also at the short ends of the load.
The embodiments as illustrated and described are to be regarded as examples only and the goods stacking machines as well as the wrapping mechanisms may be constructively altered in a variety of ways within the scope of the appended claims. The shrinking frame 28 (FIG. 4) may, instead of hot air nozzles 29, have electric heat radiators. The shrinking frame 28 may also be provided with brushes which upon lowering of the frame over the load 7 sweep over the film banderole 24 and smoothens it in a downwards direction.
What I claim is:
1. An improved load comprising several superposed layers of goods, a plastics film wrapped around said load, the bottom layer of said load terminating a considerable distance from the side edges of the layer or layers of goods positioned immediately thereabove, two longitudinal spaces being formed at either side of said bottom layer to accommodate in said spaces the lifting legs of a fork lift truck, said film extending into said spaces so as to cover the outwardly and downwardly facing sides of said spaces, the improvement comprising a first plastics film arranged to enclose said bottom layer of goods separately, and a second plastics film arranged to enclose the upper layer or layers of goods, said second plastics film welded to the first plastics film at least along two parallel longitudinal sides.
2. The load claimed in claim 1, comprising said second plastics film surrounding the upper layer or layers of goods being so abundantly dimensioned as to hang like a bag at least along two parallel sides of the corresponding sides of the bottom layer of goods, said bagshaped portions of said second film secured by welding to said first film at said sides.
3. An improved load comprising several superimposed layer of goods, a first lowermost portion, a first plastic film enclosing said lowermost portion, a second uppermost portion of goods supported upon said lowermost portion, the side edges of said lowermost portion terminating a considerable distance inwardly from the side edges of said uppermost portion to define two longitudinal spaces at either side of said lowermost portion to accommodate the tines of a fork lift truck, and a second plastic film enclosing said uppermost portion and having at least parts extending along and affixed to the parts of said first plastic film adjacent to said side edges of said lowermost portion for affixing said load portions together.

Claims (3)

1. An improved load comprising several superposed layers of goods, a plastics film wrapped around said load, the bottom layer of said load terminating a considerable distance from the side edges of the layer or layers of goods positioned immediately thereabove, two longitudinal spaces being formed at either side of said bottom layer to accommodate in said spaces the lifting legs of a fork lift truck, said film extending into said spaces so as to cover the outwardly and downwardly facing sides of said spaces, the improvement comprising a first plastics film arranged to enclose said bottom layer of goods separately, and a second plastics film arranged to enclose the upper layer or layers of goods, said second plastics film welded to the first plastics film at least along two parallel longitudinal sides.
1. An improved load comprising several superposed layers of goods, a plastics film wrapped around said load, the bottom layer of said load terminating a considerable distance from the side edges of the layer or layers of goods positioned immediately thereabove, two longitudinal spaces being formed at either side of said bottom layer to accommodate in said spaces the lifting legs of a fork lift truck, said film extending into said spaces so as to cover the outwardly and downwardly facing sides of said spaces, the improvement comprising a first plastics film arranged to enclose said bottom layer of goods separately, and a second plastics film arranged to enclose the upper layer or layers of goods, said second plastics film welded to the first plastics film at least along two parallel longitudinal sides.
2. The load claimed in claim 1, comprising said second plastics film surrounding the upper layer or layers of goods being so abundantly dimensioned as to hang like a bag at least along two parallel sides of the corresponding sides of the bottom layer of goods, said bag-shaped portions of said second film secured by welding to said first film at said sides.
US00328002A 1973-01-30 1973-01-30 Load of goods comprising a plurality of layers, and a method and a machine for producing said load Expired - Lifetime US3853218A (en)

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US3997054A (en) * 1973-09-05 1976-12-14 Berghgracht Marius Leopold Hyp Watertight package apparatus
US4036364A (en) * 1976-04-08 1977-07-19 Monsanto Company Unitized palletless load and method of forming same
US4060957A (en) * 1976-04-03 1977-12-06 Firma E. Mollers Method and apparatus for forming palletless packages
FR2354928A1 (en) * 1976-06-15 1978-01-13 Laessig Foerdertech Hamburg Palletless waterproof load for transporting - is formed using stacking and wrapping units and a shrink wrap tunnel
US4258533A (en) * 1978-02-18 1981-03-31 Mollers Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Apparatus for fitting shrunk on-foil hoods into recessed portions of a multi-layered stack
US4396122A (en) * 1980-05-06 1983-08-02 S.A. Thimon Package for a pallet-less, multi-layer load comprising a layer of reduced width defining lateral spaces for gripping purposes
US4446160A (en) * 1980-01-16 1984-05-01 Height, Inc. Process for making a composite edible product
US4535587A (en) * 1979-07-09 1985-08-20 Isover Saint-Gobain Multi-roll package of compressible materials
US4555895A (en) * 1982-12-13 1985-12-03 Francesco Torre Machine for packaging products in heat-shrinkable film
US4575989A (en) * 1981-10-16 1986-03-18 Msk-Verpackungs-Systeme Gmbh Method and device for packaging palletized stacks of goods
US4616471A (en) * 1983-08-03 1986-10-14 Msk-Verpackungs-Systeme Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method of packaging a pallet-supported stack of goods
US4821489A (en) * 1982-09-29 1989-04-18 Transfresh Corporation Method and apparatus for sealing a flexible bag to a pallet
US4846077A (en) * 1983-04-14 1989-07-11 Mobil Oil Corporation Industrial pallet
US4907515A (en) * 1984-10-17 1990-03-13 Mobil Oil Corporation Shipping pallet and the like and method of forming same
FR2703024A1 (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-09-30 Newtec Int Overpacking method and device for implementing said method.
EP0664257A1 (en) * 1994-01-20 1995-07-26 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll-GmbH Pallet for the transport of sheets
US5676064A (en) * 1996-04-22 1997-10-14 Shuert; Lyle H. Pallet and pallet package
US5720153A (en) * 1993-03-26 1998-02-24 Newtec International Wrapping method, and apparatus for implementing said method
US20020020145A1 (en) * 2000-04-04 2002-02-21 Ryozo Matsumoto Method of and apparatus for wrapping loadable objects
WO2002094676A1 (en) * 2001-05-23 2002-11-28 Saint-Gobain Isover Ab Transport unit and method for manufacturing the same
US6837031B1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2005-01-04 MSK-Verpackungss-Systeme Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Device for shrinking a shrink-wrap film
US20080277816A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Thompson Matthew A Method and mold assembly for making a molded foam article
DE202009009396U1 (en) * 2009-07-09 2010-11-18 Optima Filling And Packaging Machines Gmbh Packing unit in cuboid shape
US20140157724A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Reiner Hannen Method and apparatus for wrapping a film around an object
US20150307290A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-10-29 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Method for stacking of filled sacks to a pallet-free sack stacking
DE102015122597A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-22 Gebr. Heinemann SE & Co. KG Method and device for tamper-evident sealing of packaged goods
US20180105298A1 (en) * 2016-10-18 2018-04-19 Maschinenfabrik Mollers Gmbh Method for producing a pallet-less packaging unit and a packaging unit produced according to the method
US20230002147A1 (en) * 2019-09-13 2023-01-05 Fresh Express Incorporated Heat sealing apparatus

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Cited By (38)

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US3997054A (en) * 1973-09-05 1976-12-14 Berghgracht Marius Leopold Hyp Watertight package apparatus
US4060957A (en) * 1976-04-03 1977-12-06 Firma E. Mollers Method and apparatus for forming palletless packages
US4036364A (en) * 1976-04-08 1977-07-19 Monsanto Company Unitized palletless load and method of forming same
FR2354928A1 (en) * 1976-06-15 1978-01-13 Laessig Foerdertech Hamburg Palletless waterproof load for transporting - is formed using stacking and wrapping units and a shrink wrap tunnel
US4258533A (en) * 1978-02-18 1981-03-31 Mollers Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Apparatus for fitting shrunk on-foil hoods into recessed portions of a multi-layered stack
US4535587A (en) * 1979-07-09 1985-08-20 Isover Saint-Gobain Multi-roll package of compressible materials
US4515819A (en) * 1980-01-16 1985-05-07 Height Inc. Process of making encrusted bakery products
US4446160A (en) * 1980-01-16 1984-05-01 Height, Inc. Process for making a composite edible product
US4396122A (en) * 1980-05-06 1983-08-02 S.A. Thimon Package for a pallet-less, multi-layer load comprising a layer of reduced width defining lateral spaces for gripping purposes
US4575989A (en) * 1981-10-16 1986-03-18 Msk-Verpackungs-Systeme Gmbh Method and device for packaging palletized stacks of goods
AU602247B2 (en) * 1982-09-29 1990-10-04 Transfresh Corporation Method and apparatus for sealing a flexible bag to a pallet
US4821489A (en) * 1982-09-29 1989-04-18 Transfresh Corporation Method and apparatus for sealing a flexible bag to a pallet
US4555895A (en) * 1982-12-13 1985-12-03 Francesco Torre Machine for packaging products in heat-shrinkable film
US4846077A (en) * 1983-04-14 1989-07-11 Mobil Oil Corporation Industrial pallet
US4616471A (en) * 1983-08-03 1986-10-14 Msk-Verpackungs-Systeme Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method of packaging a pallet-supported stack of goods
US4907515A (en) * 1984-10-17 1990-03-13 Mobil Oil Corporation Shipping pallet and the like and method of forming same
FR2703024A1 (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-09-30 Newtec Int Overpacking method and device for implementing said method.
WO1994022719A1 (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-10-13 Newtec International Method of wrapping a load and device for carrying out said method
US5720153A (en) * 1993-03-26 1998-02-24 Newtec International Wrapping method, and apparatus for implementing said method
EP0664257A1 (en) * 1994-01-20 1995-07-26 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll-GmbH Pallet for the transport of sheets
US5676064A (en) * 1996-04-22 1997-10-14 Shuert; Lyle H. Pallet and pallet package
US6837031B1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2005-01-04 MSK-Verpackungss-Systeme Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Device for shrinking a shrink-wrap film
US20020020145A1 (en) * 2000-04-04 2002-02-21 Ryozo Matsumoto Method of and apparatus for wrapping loadable objects
US6745544B2 (en) * 2000-04-04 2004-06-08 Matsumoto System Engineering Co., Ltd. Method of and apparatus for wrapping loadable objects
US20040123562A1 (en) * 2000-04-04 2004-07-01 Ryozo Matsumoto Method of and apparatus for wrapping loadable objects
WO2002094676A1 (en) * 2001-05-23 2002-11-28 Saint-Gobain Isover Ab Transport unit and method for manufacturing the same
US20040149619A1 (en) * 2001-05-23 2004-08-05 Hanne Dybro Transport unit and method for manufacturing the same
CZ297499B6 (en) * 2001-05-23 2007-01-03 Saint-Gobain Isover Ab Transport unit and process for producing the same
US20080277816A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Thompson Matthew A Method and mold assembly for making a molded foam article
US7553437B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2009-06-30 Sealed Air Corporation (Us) Method and mold assembly for making a molded foam article
DE202009009396U1 (en) * 2009-07-09 2010-11-18 Optima Filling And Packaging Machines Gmbh Packing unit in cuboid shape
US20140157724A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Reiner Hannen Method and apparatus for wrapping a film around an object
US10538354B2 (en) * 2012-12-06 2020-01-21 Msr-Verpackungs-Systeme Gmbh Method and apparatus for wrapping a film around an object
US20150307290A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-10-29 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Method for stacking of filled sacks to a pallet-free sack stacking
US11225386B2 (en) * 2014-04-28 2022-01-18 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Method for stacking of filled sacks to a pallet-free sack stacking
DE102015122597A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-22 Gebr. Heinemann SE & Co. KG Method and device for tamper-evident sealing of packaged goods
US20180105298A1 (en) * 2016-10-18 2018-04-19 Maschinenfabrik Mollers Gmbh Method for producing a pallet-less packaging unit and a packaging unit produced according to the method
US20230002147A1 (en) * 2019-09-13 2023-01-05 Fresh Express Incorporated Heat sealing apparatus

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