NO130013B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO130013B NO130013B NO7044A NO4470A NO130013B NO 130013 B NO130013 B NO 130013B NO 7044 A NO7044 A NO 7044A NO 4470 A NO4470 A NO 4470A NO 130013 B NO130013 B NO 130013B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- sodium
- water
- maleic anhydride
- salt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 58
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 peroxide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 58
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 38
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 14
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical class OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101710163270 Nuclease Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 108010089934 carbohydrase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940096386 coconut alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091005507 Neutral proteases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000035092 Neutral proteases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IVHVNMLJNASKHW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorphonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl IVHVNMLJNASKHW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000243328 Hydridae Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004867 Hydro-Lyases Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010091264 gastric triacylglycerol lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009897 hydrogen peroxide bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108010059345 keratinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000021 oryzin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116369 pancreatic lipase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940055695 pancreatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000031 sodium sesquicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000018341 sodium sesquicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCS([O-])(=O)=O IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCC([O-])=O HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PVEFEIWVJKUCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;toluene Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 PVEFEIWVJKUCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical class OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydrogen carbonate;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001322 trypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38609—Protease or amylase in solid compositions only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/04—Evaporators with horizontal tubes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Granulær eller pulverformet, frittstrømmende Granular or powdered, free-flowing
vaskemiddelblanding. detergent mixture.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en granulær eller pulverformet, frittstrommende vaskemiddelblanding som inneholder enzymer og eventuelt hydrogenperoksydforbindeIser. The present invention relates to a granular or powdered, free-flowing detergent mixture containing enzymes and possibly hydrogen peroxide compounds.
Tilpasning av blandinger av granulære eller pulverformede vaske- Adaptation of mixtures of granular or powdered detergents
midler med hensyn til forbedring av lagringsstabilitet og rense- means with regard to improving storage stability and cleaning
effekt, samt reduksjon av klebrighet og sammenbakning har i ut- effect, as well as reduction of stickiness and caking have in
strakt grad vært gjort, utviklet og brukt. largely been done, developed and used.
Okning av produksjonshastigheten uten å redusere de nevnte egenskaper eller uten å forandre formen eller egenskapene av slutt-produktet har alltid vært megeb onskelig. Increasing the production speed without reducing the aforementioned properties or without changing the shape or properties of the final product has always been highly desirable.
Lagringsstabilitet, dvs. farge-, varme- og hygroskopisk stabilitet savnes i mange granulære eller pulverformede vaskemiddelblandinger. Stabilitet med hensyn til farge, etc. er spesielt nbdvendig for granulære eller pulverformede vaskemiddelblandinger som er utsatt for forskjellige omgivende betingelser på grunn av forlenget lagring og spesielt når slike blandinger skal distri-bueres i land med forskjellige klimatiske områder. Storage stability, i.e. colour, heat and hygroscopic stability is lacking in many granular or powdered detergent mixtures. Stability with respect to colour, etc. is particularly necessary for granular or powdered detergent compositions which are exposed to different ambient conditions due to prolonged storage and especially when such compositions are to be distributed in countries with different climatic areas.
Klebrighet eller sammenbakning av granulære eller pulverformede vaskemiddelblandinger influeres hovedsakelig av konsentrasjonen av overflateaktive midler innlemmet i blandingen. Når skumundertrykkende midler som f.eks. vannloselige ikke-ioniske alkylen-oksyd-addukter innlemmes i vaskemiddelblandingen, må konsentrasjonen av overflateaktivt middel senkes for å "unngå klebrigheb og sammenbakning. Dette medfbrer en reduksjon av renseevnen til det granulære eller pulverformede vaskemiddel, men loser ikke alltid problemet med klebrighet og sammenbakning. Dessuten har aiange forsok på å unngå sammenbakning og sammenklebring eller på å oke stabiliteten av vaskemiddelblandinger for å motvirke skadelige innflytelser på andre onskelige egenskaper vært mislykket. Eksempelvis vil tilsetning av etylendiamintetraeddiksyre eller salter derav til en granulær vaskemiddelblanding være skadelig for bleke-kapasiteten til natriumperborat som er tilstede i slike produkter. Stickiness or caking of granular or powdered detergent mixtures is mainly influenced by the concentration of surfactants incorporated into the mixture. When foam suppressants such as e.g. water-soluble non-ionic alkylene oxide adducts are incorporated into the detergent mixture, the concentration of surfactant must be lowered to "avoid stickiness and caking. This results in a reduction in the cleaning power of the granular or powdered detergent, but does not always solve the problem of stickiness and caking. Also, many attempts to avoid caking and caking or to increase the stability of detergent compositions to counteract deleterious effects on other undesirable properties have been unsuccessful.For example, the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or salts thereof to a granular detergent composition will be detrimental to the bleaching capacity of sodium perborate which are present in such products.
Enzymer som er tilstede i vaskemiddelblandinger, for alle slags formål, foreligger vanligvis i en konsentrert finpulverisert form. Slike fine pulvere er vanskelig å håndtere, måle og fastlegge og har tendens til å skille seg ut. Fuktighet, dvs. vann tilsatt for å binde slike enzympulvere har tendens til å bevirke at enzymene nedbrytes. Når slike fuktede enzymer innlemmes i en vaskemiddelblanding vil folgelig blandingen tilfores forurensninger isteden-for aktive enzymer. Når en maleinsyreanhydrid/vinylmetyleter-ko-polymer som sådan blandes med en granulær eller pulverformet vaskemiddelblanding for å forbedre hvithetsholdbarheten, vil enzymaktiviteten reduseres betraktelig, og når den blandes med en vaskemiddelblanding som inneholder perborater for å forbedre produktets blekeaktivitet, vil den også bevirke alvorlig misfarging og sammenbakning . Enzymes present in detergent mixtures, for all purposes, are usually present in a concentrated finely powdered form. Such fine powders are difficult to handle, measure and determine and tend to separate. Moisture, i.e. water added to bind such enzyme powders, tends to cause the enzymes to degrade. When such moistened enzymes are incorporated into a detergent mixture, the mixture will consequently be supplied with contaminants instead of active enzymes. When a maleic anhydride/vinyl methyl ether copolymer as such is mixed with a granular or powdered detergent mixture to improve whiteness retention, the enzyme activity will be greatly reduced, and when mixed with a detergent mixture containing perborates to improve the bleaching activity of the product, it will also cause severe discoloration and bonding.
Det er nå funnet at en granulær eller pulverformet vaskemiddelblanding som inneholder et overflateaktivt middel valgt fra gruppen bestående av vannloselige organiske, anioniske, ikke-ioniske, amfotære eller zwitterioniske vaskeaktive midler og blandinger derav, samt et vannloselig uorganisk byggersalt og eventuelt et organisk, vannloselig byggersalt, samt et enzymprodukt, dvs. rene enzymer pluss bærer, om onskelig et hydrogenperoksydblekemiddel, og eventuelt vanlige tilsetningsforbindeiser, kan gjores stabilt og frittstrommende uten vesentlig å påvirke andre egenskaper. It has now been found that a granular or powdered detergent composition containing a surfactant selected from the group consisting of water-soluble organic, anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic detergents and mixtures thereof, as well as a water-soluble inorganic building salt and optionally an organic, water-insoluble building salt , as well as an enzyme product, i.e. pure enzymes plus carrier, if desired a hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent, and possibly common additive compounds, can be made stable and free-flowing without significantly affecting other properties.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår folgelig en granulær eller pulverformet, frittstrommende vaskemiddelblanding som inneholder: 5 - 50% av et organisk,•vannloselig, overflateaktivt middel valgt fra en gruppe bestående av anioniske, ikke-ioniske, amfotære og zwitterioniske vaskeaktive midler eller blandinger derav, 10 - 85% av et uorganisk, vannloselig byggersalt, alene eller i kombinasjon med et organisk, vannloselig byggersalt, 0,01 - 5% av et enzymprodukt, og eventuelt en peroksydforbindelse og det særegne ved blandingen er at den dessuten inneholder: 0,1 - 8% av et vannloselig alkalimetallsalt, en ester eller et C^-C^ alkyl- eller alkylolamid av en kopolymer av maleinsyreanhydrid og en vinylforbindelse med den generelle formel CIL^CHR, hvori R står for hydrogen eller et -C^ alkyleter-radikal, i et molforhold mellom monomerene fra 1:2 til 2:1, og i tilfellet med en maJeinsyreanhydrid vinylalkyleter- kopolymer har kopolymeren en spesifikk viskositet fra 0,1 til 6,0 (viskositet målt av en losning av 1 g kopolymer i 100 ml metylefcylketon ved 25°C og ved bruk av et "Cannon-Fenske Series 100" viskosimeter), og i tilfellet med en maleinsyreanhydrid etylen-kopolymer har en 2% vandig losning av kopolymeren, med pH justert til 10, en viskositet på 1,2 til 10 centipoise ved 25°C, målt ved et "Brookfield RIV" viskosimeter med 10 omdreininger pr. minutt. The present invention therefore relates to a granular or powdery, free-flowing detergent mixture containing: 5 - 50% of an organic, water-insoluble, surfactant selected from a group consisting of anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic detergents or mixtures thereof, 10 - 85% of an inorganic, water-insoluble builder's salt, alone or in combination with an organic, water-insoluble builder's salt, 0.01 - 5% of an enzyme product, and possibly a peroxide compound and the peculiarity of the mixture is that it also contains: 0.1 - 8% of a water-insoluble alkali metal salt, an ester or a C^-C^ alkyl or alkylolamide of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and a vinyl compound of the general formula CIL^CHR, in which R stands for hydrogen or a -C^ alkyl ether radical, in a molar ratio between the monomers of from 1:2 to 2:1, and in the case of a maleic anhydride vinyl alkyl ether copolymer, the copolymer has a specific viscosity of from 0.1 to 6.0 (viscosity measured by a solution of 1 g of copolymer in 100 ml of methyl phenylketone at 25°C and using a "Cannon-Fenske Series 100" viscometer), and in the case of a maleic anhydride ethylene copolymer, a 2% aqueous solution of the copolymer, with pH adjusted to 10, a viscosity of 1.2 to 10 centipoise at 25°C, as measured by a "Brookfield RIV" viscometer at 10 revolutions per revolution. minute.
En granulær eller pulverforme'; vaskemiddelblanding inneholder fortrinnsvis fra 5 til 25 vektprosent vannloselig anioiisk vaske-aktivt middel (fortrinnsvis natriumsaltene av ^-alkylbenzen-sulfonater eller natriumsaltene av hoyere fettalkoholsulfater), A granular or powdered form'; detergent mixture preferably contains from 5 to 25% by weight of water-soluble anionic detergent-active agent (preferably the sodium salts of ^-alkylbenzene sulphonates or the sodium salts of higher fatty alcohol sulphates),
fra 10 til 50 vektprosent vannloselig uorganisk byggersalt (fortrinnsvis natriumtripolyfosfat), fra 8 til 38 vektprosent vannloselig uorganisk hydrogenperoksydPorbindelse (fortrinnsvis natriumperborattetrahydrat), fra 0,1 til 3 vektprosent enzymprodukt og fra 0,3 til 5,0 vektprosent av et vannloselig alkalimetallsalt av maleinsyreanhydrid/vinylme tyle ter-kopolymer. from 10 to 50% by weight of water-insoluble inorganic builder salt (preferably sodium tripolyphosphate), from 8 to 38% by weight of water-insoluble inorganic hydrogen peroxide pore compound (preferably sodium perborate tetrahydrate), from 0.1 to 3% by weight of enzyme product and from 0.3 to 5.0% by weight of a water-insoluble alkali metal salt of maleic anhydride /vinylmethyl tert copolymer.
Videre anvendes det et alkalimetallsalt, en ester eller et Cj _2~alkyl-eller alkylolamid av en maleinsyreanhydrid/etylen- eller maleinsyreanhydrid/vinyl C^ _1+-alkyleter-kopolymer. Polymerisasjons- Furthermore, an alkali metal salt, an ester or a C1_2 alkyl or alkylolamide of a maleic anhydride/ethylene or maleic anhydride/vinyl C1_1+ alkyl ether copolymer is used. polymerization
graden av nevnte kopolymer, som må være passende loseiig under vanlige bruktsbetingelser, er vanskelig å fastslå. Der et funnet et gjensidighetsforhold mellom viskositetene av polymerforbindelsene og deres relative molekyl vekter eller polymerisas jonsgradeii. the degree of said copolymer, which must be suitably loose under normal conditions of use, is difficult to determine. There a reciprocal relationship was found between the viscosities of the polymer compounds and their relative molecular weights or degrees of polymerization.
Siden viskositets verdiene generelt er mer opplysende og lettere Since the viscosity values are generally more informative and easier
kan oppnås, er de foreliggende kopolymerer karakterisert enten uttrykt ved deres spesifikke viskositet eller i centipoise, slik at de angitte tal], vedrbrer anhydridformen. can be obtained, the present copolymers are characterized either expressed by their specific viscosity or in centipoise, so that the indicated numbers] refer to the anhydride form.
Den spesifikke viskositet til anhydridformen av maleinsyreanhydrid/ vinyl C-j _^-alkyleter-kopolymeren kan variere mellom 0,1 og 6,0, fortrinnsvis mellom 0,2 og 550, idet den spesifikke viskositet defineres ved måling av viskositeten ti], en losning av 1 gram av anhydrid-kopolymeren i 100 ml metyletylketon i et "Cannon-Fenske Series i 00" viskosimeter ved 25°C. Viskositeten til maleinsyreanhydrid/etylen-kopolymeren varierer fortrinnsvis mellom 1,2 og 10 centipoise ved måling som en vandig 2% losning av kopolymeren i et "Brookfield RTV" viskosimeter med 10 rpm og ved 25°C, idet Ibsningen er regulert til en pH på 10. The specific viscosity of the anhydride form of the maleic anhydride/vinyl C-j_^ alkyl ether copolymer may vary between 0.1 and 6.0, preferably between 0.2 and 550, the specific viscosity being defined by measuring the viscosity ti], a solution of 1 gram of the anhydride copolymer in 100 ml of methyl ethyl ketone in a "Cannon-Fenske Series i 00" viscometer at 25°C. The viscosity of the maleic anhydride/ethylene copolymer preferably varies between 1.2 and 10 centipoise when measured as an aqueous 2% solution of the copolymer in a "Brookfield RTV" viscometer at 10 rpm and at 25°C, the Ibsningen being regulated to a pH of 10.
Kopolymeren som brukes i den foreliggende blanding er fortrinnsvis natrium- og kaliumsaltet. En annen verdifull kopolymer er det primære eller sekundære _2-alkylamid eller Cj 2~ a^ LVJ~^ °^- 3- sl^ °S spesielt mono- og dietanolamidet. Ester-derivatet av kopolymeren er enten et C^_^Q-eller fortrinnsvis et C| ^-alifatisk alkohol-reaksjonsprodukt eller reaksjonsproduktet av kopolymeren og en vannloselig organisk forbindelse med minst ett reaktivt hydroksyl-radikal, som f.eks. det vannloseiige kondeasasjonsprodukt av 6 til 25 mol etylenoksyd med en Cg .| g-alifatisk alkohol, med et C].f_^ ,-,-alkylsubstituert fenol, med kondensert propylenoksyd eller med reaksjonsproduktet av propylenoksyd og etylendiamin. Fortrinnsvis esterifiseres bare 5 til 60% av karboksylsyreradikalene av kopolymeren eller omsettes med et 2_a-lkyl- eller alkylol-amin. Forholdet mellom monomerene i kopolymerene kan variere fra 2:1 til 1:2, men er fortrinnsvis 1:1. The copolymer used in the present composition is preferably the sodium and potassium salt. Another valuable copolymer is the primary or secondary _2-alkylamide or Cj 2~ a^ LVJ~^ °^- 3- sl^ °S especially the mono- and diethanolamide. The ester derivative of the copolymer is either a C^_^Q-or preferably a C| ^-aliphatic alcohol reaction product or the reaction product of the copolymer and a water-insoluble organic compound with at least one reactive hydroxyl radical, such as e.g. the anhydrous condensation product of 6 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide with a Cg .| g-aliphatic alcohol, with a C]f_^,-,-alkyl substituted phenol, with condensed propylene oxide or with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Preferably, only 5 to 60% of the carboxylic acid radicals of the copolymer are esterified or reacted with a 2-α-alkyl or alkylol amine. The ratio between the monomers in the copolymers can vary from 2:1 to 1:2, but is preferably 1:1.
Enzymproduktet som brukes i de foreliggende blandinger inneholder katalytisk aktive proteinmaterialer, som nedbryter eller endrer en eller flere typer smuss eller flekker som forekommer i blotlegnings- og vaskes ituasjoner, for således å fjerne smusset eller flekkene fra tekstil som blotlegges og/eller vaskes, elter for å gjore smuss eller flekker fjernbare i et etterfoigende vaske trinn, samt et inert bæremedium. Nevnte euzymprodukter inneholder, fortrinnsvis i en torr pulverform, fra 2 til 80%, fortrinnsvis fra 6 til h0% aktivt material. The enzyme product used in the present compositions contains catalytically active protein materials, which break down or change one or more types of soil or stains that occur in exposure and wash situations, thus removing the soil or stains from textiles that are exposed and/or washed, kneading for to make dirt or stains removable in a subsequent washing step, as well as an inert carrier medium. Said euzyme products contain, preferably in a dry powder form, from 2 to 80%, preferably from 6 to h0% active material.
Den foreliggende granulære eller pulverformede vaskemiddel-blandingsoverlegenhet overfor lignende produkter illustreres ved fblgende forsbk, hvori to serier forskjellige blandinger The present granular or powdered detergent mixture superiority over similar products is illustrated by the following experiment, in which two series of different mixtures
■ ble fremstilt som besto av: ■ was produced which consisted of:
Alle blandingene ble fremstilt ved å blande det overflateaktive middel, fettsyren, byggersalt, elektrolytten og karboksymetylcellulosen i en molle, forstovningstorke blandingen og tilsette kopolymeren, enzymproduktet, parfymen og natriumperborattetrahydratet. All compositions were prepared by mixing the surfactant, fatty acid, building salt, electrolyte and carboxymethyl cellulose in a molle, spray drying the mixture and adding the copolymer, enzyme product, perfume and sodium perborate tetrahydrate.
I blandingene A og B inneholdt ble det benyttet folgende kopolymer: IA og IB: X = natrinmsalt av maleinsyreanhydrid/vinylmetyleter I[A og 113: X - anhydridet av IA og IB In the mixtures A and B contained, the following copolymer was used: IA and IB: X = sodium salt of maleic anhydride/vinyl methyl ether I[A and 113: X - the anhydride of IA and IB
HIA og UIB: X = natriumsaltet av maleinsyreanhydrid/e tyleri HIA and UIB: X = the sodium salt of maleic anhydride/e tylerium
IVA og IVB: X = anhydridet av IIIA og III8. IVA and IVB: X = the anhydride of IIIA and III8.
Den spesifikke viskositet av den brukte maleinsyreanhydrid/vinyl-metyleter-kopolymer var 0,<*>+ og forholdet mellom monomerene var 1:1. Viskositeten til maleinsyreanhydrid/etylen-kopolymerea var 2 cP, og forholdet mellom monomerene 1:1. ;Forsok A_ ;Enzymaktivi tet ;Åtte vaskemiddelblandinger (A I-IV og B I-IV) ble lagret i fire uker ved romtemperatur. Hver blanding ble så lost i vann .(konsen-trasjon 1,5 vektprosent)-, oppvarmet til og holdt ved U- 0°C. Bestem-melse av tapt enzymaktivitet i de åtte blandingene ble gjort ved kasein-U.V.-metoden og ga folgende resultater: Intet nevneverdig tap for IA, 13, HIA og III3, 55% for HA og over 20% for HB, ;noen få prosent for IVB, men over 93$ for IVA. ;F0RS0KJ3 ;Hisfarging ;Blandingene IB og HB og en .lignende blanding sorn ikke inneholdt hverken natriumperborattetrahydrat eller kopolymer, ble lagret i to uker ved 38°C i en atmosfære med 80% fuktighet. Deretter ble misfarging av hver blanding målt med et "Hunterlab D25"-farge-differensiometer (Hunter Ass. Laboratory Inc., Virginia, USA) ;og med en "hvit standard keramikk-flis" som referanse. ;Differansen ;;(hvori L ;angir lysheten og varierer fra 100 for perfekt hvitt til null ;for sort, a angir rodhet når positiv, gråhet når null og gronnhet når minus, og b angir gulhet når pluss, gråhet når null og blåhet når minus), åpenbarte en forandring A E på 2,0 for sammen-ligningsproven, en A e = 2j2 for produkt IB, og en £± e = 11,8 for produkt HB. Eller det oppsto en mork uonsket gulhet på grunn av at differansen ^ e =11,8 hovedsakelig skyltes ;/\ b i produkt HB. ;Forsok C. ;Frittstrom men. de egenskap- klebrigh et ;Forbedret stromme-egenskap og redusert klebrighet for en granulær eller pulverformet vaskemiddelblanding kan best fastsettes ved "rutsje-proven" og ved kompresjons- og fasthetsproven. 1. I"rutsje-proven" spres ca. 1.000 ml av hver blanding jevnt i en buet renne som er åpen i begge ender (lagets dybde på midten: Ga. h cm). Ved å senke den ene ende av rennen vil hovedmassen av granulene gli av ved en viss vinkel, som derved angir graden av granulenes strombarhet. Den gjennomsnittlige vinkel for en meget god frittstrommende granulær blanding er 38°, mens et gjennomsnitt på hh° eller mer antyder et uakseptabelt produkt. 2. "Kompresjonsprdven" krever en sylinder (diameter: lengde = 1:3) som fylles med granulene og slås lett for setting av granulene. Granulene komprimeres med et stempel av tilnærmet samme diameter som sylinderens innvendige diameter og som har den samme belastning i hvert forsok. Forandringen i hver granul-soyles hoyde måles etter 5 minutter (kompresjon). Kompresjonen måles i prosent på basis av den opprinnelige hoyde. 0 prosent-kompresjon angir en perfekt granulær blanding og over 12$ indi-kerer en uakseptabel blanding. 3. "Kake-fasthetsprbven" foretas på de samme blandinger som ble brukt ved kompresjonsprbven, hvorved granulsbylen komprimert under kompresjonsprbven, frigjbres fra stemplet og sylinderen, ;og kraften som behbves for å knuse sbylen, måles (kake-fasthet). Kake-fasthet gradert fra 0 til 7>0 anses perfekt, dvs. sterke granuler som ikke kleber sammen, mens 7,0 er uakseptabelt. ;Fire granulære- vaskemiddelblandinger IA, IB, HA og HB lagret ;i fire uker ved 38°C og 80# fuktighet, ble undersdkt i henhold til de ovenfor beskrevne metoder. Resultatene ar angitt i tabell I. ;;I henhold til tabell I er blandingene HA og HB uakseptable, mens blandingene IA og IB graderes fra meget tilfredsstillende • ;(kompresjon) til god (rutsje) til meget god (kake-fasthet). ;Fra disse rutsje-, kompresjons- og kake-fasthets-prbver er det også klart at rensekapasiteten til en vaskemiddelblanding kan bkes. Mengden overflateaktivt middel som kan innlemmes i en f rittstrbmmende granulær eller pulverformet blanding begrenses av klebrigheten og konsentrasjonen av det overflateaktive middel. Ved de foreliggende blandinger kan klebrigheten av en gitt vaskemiddelblanding reduseres betraktelig. Folgelig kan konsentrasjonen av overflateaktivt middel i en ganulær eller pulverformet blanding okes uten at blandingens strombarhet påvirkes. ;Når andre klebrige materialer må være tilstede i vaskemiddelblandingen, f.eks. et ikke-ionisk, skumundertrykkende middel, ;er det mulig å innlemme nevnte klebrige material uten å senke konsentrasjonen av det overflateaktive middel, og fremdeles oppnå en akseptabel frittstrbmmende vaskemiddelblanding. ;De foreliggende blandinger kan fremstilles ved torrblanding av ;de forskjellige komponenter eller ved oppslemming av komponentene etterfulgt av torring. ;Blandingene kan fremstilles satsvis eller kontinuerlig. Ko-polymeren tilsettes fortrinnsvis til oppslemmingen i dens salt-, ester- eller amidform, men kan også tilsettes i anhydridformen. ;I sistnevnte tilfelte må anhydridet omdannes til dets salt-, ;ester- eller amidform i oppslemmingen ved tilsetning av nod-vendige alkalimetaller, alkoholer eller aminer. Det er imidlertid ikke foretrukket å danne amid-, ester- eller salt-derivåtet av ko-polymeren under oppslemmingen fordi denne metode krever en omstendelig og nbyaktig kontroll av temperaturen, fuktigheten og pH i oppslemmingen for å unngå sidereaksjoner som kan forandre formen eller egenskapene til den ferdige blanding. ;Under fremstillingen av de foreliggende blandinger vil salt-, ester-eller amidderivåtet av ko-polymeren redusere oppslemmingens viskositet. Dette medfbrer at det kreves mindre energi for grundig blanding av oppslemmingen, eller at kapasiteten til an-ordningen hvori oppslemmingen tilberedes oker. På grunn av nevnte viskositetsreduksjon vil derfor blåsehastigheten i forstbvningstårnet, når oppslemmingen forstbvningstbrkes, også kunne bkes. ;Egnede enzymer for bruk i de foreliggende blandinger er slike som er aktive i pH-området fra h til 12, fortrinnsvis fra 7 ;til 11, og i et temperaturområde fra 10° til 85°C, fortrinnsvis fra 25° til 75°C.. ;De egnede enzymer kan grupperes i fem hovedklasser: ;I. Slike som katalyserer addisjon eller fjerning av vann, hvorved fjernes smuss, spesielt av proteintypen: 1. Hydrolyserende enzymer, slike som hydrolaser, f.eks. proteaser, karbohydraser og nukleaser. ;2. Hydratiserende enzymer, f.eks. hydraser. ;II. Slike som katalyserer oksydasjonen eller reduksjonen av et substrat, spalter oksyderbart eller reduserbart smuss, oksyreduktasene, f.eks. alkoholdehydrogenaser, xantin-oksydaser, aminosyreoksydaser. III. Slike som overforer et radikal fra ett radikal til et annet, eller transferaser, f.eks. transglykodidaser, trans-fosforylaser og transfosformutaser, transaminaser, trans-metylaser og transacetylaser. IV. Slike som spalter eller danner bindinger uten gruppeover-foring, f.eks. ligaser og lyaser, og V. Slike som isomeriserer eller kjemisk forandrer et smuss som lipid- eller karbohydratsmuss: isomeraser, f.eks racemaser og epimeraser, cis-trans-isomeraser, intramolekylære transferaser og oksyreduktaser. ;I noen få tilfeller kan et enkelt enzym passe bedre enn et av ;de som e~ nevnt ovenfor. ;Som oppsummering skal det nevnes at hydrasene, hydrolasene, oksyreduktasene og desmolasene nedbryter smuss for å fjerne det eller gjore det lettere fjernbart.. Transferasene og isomerasene forandrer smusset, slik at det blir lettere fjernbart. Av disse klasser foretrekkes hydrolasene og spesielt proteasene, esterasene, karbohydrasene og nukleasene med proteasene som har det bredeste område for smussnedbrytningskapasitet. Blandinger av enzymene kan anvendes om onsket. Spesielle eksempler.på proteaser egnet for den foreliggende bruk er pepsin, trypsin, chymo-trypsin, collagenase, keratinase, elastase, subtilisin, papain, bromelin, karboksypeptidase A~og B, aminopeptidase, aspergillopeptidase A og aspergillopeptidase B. Foretrukne proteaser er serin-proteaser som er aktive i noytralt til alkalisk pH-område, og en som er fremstilt fra mikro-organismer som bakterier, fungi eller mugg. Serinproteasene som fremstilles ved mamma-liansystemer, f.eks. pankreatin, er anvendbare i sure situasjoner. ;Spesielle eksempler på esterasene er gastrisk lipase, pankrea-tisk lipase, plantelipaser, fosforlipaser, cholinesteraser og fosfataser. ;Spesielle eksempler på karbohydraser er maltase, sakkarase, ;amylaser, cellulase, pektinase, lysozym, a-glykosidase og B-glykosidase. ;To spesielle eksempler på nukleaser er ribonukleaser desoksyri-bonukleaser. ;Enzymproduktene som benyttes er generelt oppnådd og lagret i torr pulverform. De kan blandes som sådanne med komponenter som danner vaskemiddelblandingen, eller adsorberes på en bærer sammen med ikke-ioniske forbindelser, eller oppslemmes i vann. Den torre pulverform er lettest håndterlig og mer stabil enn enzymer i vandig oppslemming. ;De kommersielle pulverformede enzymprodukter er. generelt torre pulverformede produkter bestående av 2 til 80% aktive enzymer kombinert med et inert pulverformet bærematerial, slik som natrium- eller kalsiumsulfat eller natriumklorid, leire eller stivelse som de resterende 98-20$. Aktivt enzyminrihold i et kommersielt produkt er et resultat av fremstillingsmåten og er i foreliggende tilfelle ikke kritisk så lenge som rensemiddel-produktene har den onskede enzymaktivitet. Mange av disse kommersielle produkter inneholder de foretrukne proteaser som aktivt enzymprodukt. I de fleste tilfeller utgjor et subtilisin hovedandelen av proteasene. Andre eksempler på hydrolase som generelt inneholdes i kommersielle produkter, er lipaser, karbohydraser, esteraser og nukleaser. ;"CRD Protease" (også kjent som "Monsanto DA-10") er et anvend-bart pulverformet enzymprodukt. "CRD Protease" oppgis fremstilt ved mutasjon av en Bacillus subtilis-organisme. Det omfatter ca. 80$ noytral protease og 20$ alkalisk protease. Den noytrale protease har en molekylvekt på ca. M+.000 og inneholder fra 1 til 2 atomer sink pr. molekyl. Partikkelstorrelsen varierer hovedsakelig fra 0,03 flira til 0,1 mm. "CRD Protease" kan brukes i et vandig system som har en pH varierende fra ca. 5A til ca. 8,9. Det kan fremstilles med varierende aktivt enzyminnhold fra 20 til 75$. Nærvær av CaC^ i enzympulveret oker pH-området som enzymet kan anvendes ved. Dette enzym kan anvendes i de foreliggende blandinger med utmerkede resultater i vaskelosninger ved temperaturer varierende fra ca. 10°C til ca. 66°C, og ved lavere pH egnet for forvask (blbtlegging) eller hdyere pH for rengjoringsformål. ;"Pronase-P", "Pronase-AS" og "Pronase-AF" er pulverformede enzymprodukter som også med fordel kan brukes i de foreliggende blandinger. Disse enzymer fremstilles fra kulturbuljong for Streptomyces griseus som brukes for fremstilling av strepto-mycin. De isoleres ved suksessiv harpikskolonnebehandling. Hovedkomponenten i pronasen er en noytral protease som kalles Streptomyces griseus-protease. Dette enzymprodukt inneholder ;et kalsiumstabiliserende salt og er ganske stabilt over et bredt pH-område, f.eks. h til 10, og over et temperaturområde fra 1-0° til 66°C. ;Et annet enzymprodukt som foretrekkes anvendt i de foreliggende vaskemiddelblandinger, inklusive flere av eksemplene, er et proteolytisk enzym, en serinprotease, og som selges under betegnelsen "Alcalase". "Alcalase" er beskrevet som et proteolytisk enzympreparat fremstilt ved neddykket fermentering av en spesiell art av Bacil.lus subtil is. Den primære enzym-komponent i "Alcalase" er subtil.isin. I tillegg til proteolytisk aktivitet oppviser "Alcalase" andre oiiskelige former for enzymaktivitet. "Alcalase" er et fint, grålig pulver som har et krystallinsk, aktivt enzyminnhold på ca. 6$ og en partikkel-storrelse varierende fra 1,2 mm til 0,01 mm og mindre, idet ca 75$ passerer gjennom en 100 mesh Taylor-sikt. Det ovrige av pulveret utgjores hovedsakelig av natriumklorid, kalsiumsulfat og forskjellige inert organiske fyllstoffer. "Alcalase" har usedvanlig stabile egenskaper i losninger. Eksempelvis kan "Alcalase" tåle en pH på 9 ved relativt hijye temperaturer, f.eks. 66-77°C, for en kortere tid. Ved <1>+9°C er aktiviteten av "Alcalase" faktisk uforandret etter 2h timer når den holdes på denne pH. "Alcalase" kan med fordel brukes sammen med såpe og de foreliggende vaskemiddelblandinger. ;Det spesielle enzymprodukt som velges for anvendelse i de foreliggende blandinger avhenger av betingelsene for den endelige anvendelse, inklusive bærerens pH, produktets pH, bruks-pll, bruks-temperatur og smusstyper som skal nedbrytes eller endres. Enzymet kan velges for oppnåelse av optimal aktivitet og/eli.er stabilitet for hvilke som helst bruksbetingelser. ;Det pulverformede enzymprodukt kan festes til en granulær bærer i blandingen, slik at det tilveiebringes fra ca. 0,001 til ca. 3$> fortrinnsvis fra 0,01 til 1,5$ rent enzym beregnet på den totale vekt av enzympulveret og bæreren. Når bæreren med enzympulveret blandes jevnt med vaskemiddelgranulene for dannelse av blandingene, varierer vanligvis enzymprodukt-konsentrasjonen fra 0,01 til 5%, fortrinnsvis fra 0,1 til 3$ av vaskemiddelblandingen. Hvis det tas hensyn til inertstoffene i kommersiell pulverformede enzymprodukter kan mengden av enzymproduktene (enzym + ine r tstoff) som festes til den granulære bærer variere opp til '+0$, 'fortrinnsvis 20$ av den totale vekt av enzymproduktene pluss bærer. Enzymproduktene kan også loses i vann og spcoytes på den ferdige vaskemiddelblanding eller på en eller flere av nevnte komponenter under tilveiebringelse av fra 0,01 til ca. 5$, fortrinnsvis 0,1-3$ ;av den totale vaskemiddelblanding. ;Det vanrtloselige overflateaktive middel som anvendes i de foreliggende blandinger, er såpe og anioniske, ikke-ioniske, amfolytiske og zwitterioniske rensemidler og blandinger derav. Disse egnede overflateaktive midler er angitt nedenfor. (a) Vannloselig såpe: Natrium-, kalium-, ammonium- og alkanolammonium- (f.eks. trietanolammonium-) saltene av hoyere fettsyrer med fra 10 til 22 karbonatomer. ;(p) Anionisk, syntetisk, ikke-såpe-rensemiddel: en foretrukken klasse kan generelt beskrives som de vannloselige salter, spesielt alkalimetallsaltene av organiske svovelreaksjons-produkter som i deres molekylstruktur har et alkyl-radikal inneholdende fra 8 til 22 karbonatomer og et sulfonsyre-ei.i.er svovelsyreesterradikal, (inkludert i uttrykket alkyl er alkyldelen av hoyere acylradikaler). Foretrukket er natrium- og kaliumalkylsulfater, spesielt slike oppnådd ved sulfatisering av hoyere alkoholer (Cg-Cj g-karbonatomer) og natrium-eller kalium-C^_^ ^-alkylbenzen-sulfonater, natrium-alkylglyceryletersulfonater, natrium-kokosndttoljefettsyre-monoglyceridsulf ater og -sulfonater, natrium- eller kaliixm-salter av svovelsyreestere av reaksjonsproduktet av ett mol av en hoyere fettalkohol (f.eks. talg- eller kokosnottolje-alkoholer), og 1 til 6 mol etylenoksyd, natrium- eller ;kaliumsaltene av alkylfenol-etylenoksydetersulfat med 1 til 10 enheter av etylenoksyd pr. molekyl og hvori alkylradika-lene inneholder fra 8 til 12 karbonatomer, reaksjonsproduktet av fettsyrer esterifisert med isotionsyre og noytralisert ;med natriumhydroksyd, samt andre kjente på området. ;(c) Ikke-ioniske, syntetiske rensemidler; generelt definert som forbindelser fremstilt ved kondensasjon av alkylen-oksyd-grupper (hydrofil.e av natur) med en organisk hydrofob forbindelse som kan være alifatisk eller alkylaromatisk av natur. Foretrukne klasser av ikke-ioniske, syntetiske rensemidler er som folger: (1 ) Forbindelser dannet ved kondensasjon av etylenoksyd med en hydrofob base som er dannet ved kondensasjon av propylenoksyd med propylenglykol, hvor den hydrofobe del av mole-kylet har en molekylvekt på fra ca. 1.500 til 1.800, mens polyoksyetyleninnholdet er ca. 50% av kondensasjonsproduktets totale vekt. (2) Polyoksyetylenkondensater av Cg ^g-alkylfenoler med etylenoksyd, idet etylenoksydet er tilstede i mengder fra 5 til ;25 mol etylenoksyd pr.mol alkylfenol. ;(3) Ikke-ioniske, syntetiske rensemidler avledet fra kondensa-sjonen av etylenoksyd med produktet resulterende fra omsetningen av propylenoksyd med etylendiamin. F. eks. forbindelser inneholdende fra kO til 80 vektprosent poly-oksyetylen, og som har molkylvekter fra 5-000 til 11.000, resulterende fra omsetningen av etylehoksydgrupper med en hydrofob base'dannet av reaksjonsproduktet av etylendiamin og overskudd av propylenoksyd, idet en base som har en molekylvekt av stbrrelsesorden 2.500 til 3-000 er tilfredsstillende. ( h) Kondensasjonsproduktet av alifatiske alkoholer med fra 8 til 22 karbonatomer og etylenoksyd, f.eks. et kokosnottalkohol/ etylenoksydkondensat med fra 5 til 30 mol etylenoksyd pr. mol kokosnottalkohol, idet kokosnottalkoholfraksjonen har fra 10 til <1> i+ karbonatomer. (5) Monoetanol- og dietanolamider av fettsyrer med en acyi-andel på fra 8 til 18 karbonatomer. (6) Langkjedede tertiære aminoksyder svarende til folgende generelle formel: ;hvori R <1> er et alkylradikal med fra ca. 8 til 2h karbonatomer, R 2 og RJ 3 hver er metyl-, etyl- eller liydroksyl- ;radikaler, R er etylen og n er 0 eller et helt tall opp til 10. Pilen i formelen er en vanlig angivelse av en semipolar ;binding. Spesielle eksempler på aminoksydrensemidler omfatter: dimetyldodecylaminoksyd og bis-(2-hydroksyetyl)3-d o d e e y 1 -1 - hy d r o k s y p r o p y 1 a m i n o k s y d. (7) Langkjedede tertiære f os f inoksyier svarende til. folgende generelle formel RR'R"P—^0, hvor R er et alkyl-, alkenyl-eller monohydroksyalkylradikal varierende fra 10 til 2^4- karbonatomer i kjedelerigden, og R' og R" er hver alkyl- eller monohydroksyalkylgrupper med fra 1 til 3 karbonatomer. ;Pilen i formelen er en vanlig angivelse av en semipolar binding. Eksempler på egnede fosfinoksyder finnes i britisk patent nr. 995»260 og omfatter dimetyl-dodecylfosfinoksyd, dietyldodecylfosfinoksyd og dimetyl-2-hydroksydodecylfosfin-oksyd. ;(8) Langkjedede sulfoksyder med formelen: ;hvor R-e^ r er et alkylradikal med fra 10 til 28 karbonatomer, fra 0 til 5 eterbindinger og fra 0 til 2 hydroksylsubsti-tuenter, idet minst en-andel av R^ er et alkylradikal som ikke inneholder noen eterbindinger og som inneholder fra 10 til 18 karbonatomer, og R^ er et alkylradikal med fra 1 til 3 karbonatomer og fra 1 til 2 hydroksylgrupper. ;Spesielle eksempler på disse sulfoksyder er: 3-netoksy-tridecylmetylsulfoksyd og 3-bydroksy-<1>+-dodekoksybutyl-metyl sulfoksyd. (d) Amfolytiske, syntetiske rensemidler kan generelt beskrives som derivater av alifatiske sekundære og tertiære aminer, hvori en av de alifatiske substituenter inneholder fra 8 til 18 karbonatomer og en inneholder en anionisk vannloseliggjorende gruppe, f.eks. karboksy, sulfo, sulfat, fosfat eller fos fon. Eksempler på forbindelser som faller innenfor denne definisjon, er natrium-3-dodecylamino-propio-nat og natrium-3-dodecylaminopropansulfonat. (e) Zwitterioniske, syntetiske rensemidler kan generelt beskrives som derivater av alifatiske kvaternære ammonium-, fosfonium- og sulfoniiimforbindelser, hvori en av de alifatiske substituenter inneholder fra 8 til 18 karbonatomer og en inneholder en anionisk vannloseliggjorende gruppe, f.eks. karboksy, sulfo, sulfat, fosfat eller fosfon. Eksempler på forbindelser som faller innenfor denne definisjon er 3_ ;(N,N-dimetyl-N-heksadecylammonium)-propan-1-sulfonat og 3 - (N,N-d ime tyl-N-heksade cylammoni.im )-2-hyd roksy propan-1 - ;sulfonat som er spesielt foretrukne på grunn av deres utmerkede renseegenskaper i kaldt vann. ;Se f.eks. britisk patent nr. 987.795. ;Egnede vannloselige uorganiske byggersalter er alkalimetallfos-fater, -polyfosfater, -karbonater, -borater, -bikarbonater og ;-silikater (et ammonium- eller substituert ammoniumsalt kan også brukes) eller blandinger derav. Spesielle eksempler på slike uorganiske salter er natriumtripolyfosfat, natriimkarbonat, natriumtetraborat, natriumpyrofosfat, natriumbikarbonat og de tilsvarende kaliumsalter, natriumheksametafosfat, natriun-seskvi-karbonat og natriummono- og di-ortofosfat. Eksempler på egnede organiske, vannloselige byggersalter er alkalimetall-, ammonium- eller substituerte ammonoiumpolykarboksy-later, f.eks. natrium- og kaliumetylendiamintetraacetater eller -nitriloacetater, og natrium- eller kalium-lavere alkyl-difos-fonater slik som trinatriumetylen-1-hydroksy-1,1-difosfonat. ;Eksempler på egnede hydrogenperoksydtilsetningsforbindelser er perborater, f.eks. natriumperborat- mono- og tetrahydrat, videre kalimperborat 2KB0^ , R^jO, karbonatperhydrater, f. eks. 2Na9C0^.HpC^ og f osf atperoksyhydrater, fortrinnsvis 'natri.impy rof osf atperoksy-hydrat Nal+P20r7.2H2O2. Den mest egnede organiske hydrogenperoksyd-tilsetningsf orbindelse er ureaperoksyd COOffl^^.H^C^. ;I en ferdig vaskemiddelblanding vil det ofte være tilsatt mindre mengder av materialer som gjbr blandingen mer attraktiv. Folgende er nevnt som eksempler. Natriumkarboksymetylcellulose kan tilsettes i mindre mengder for å hindre at smuss avsetter seg på tekstilene igjen. En avblekningsinhibitor slik som benzotriazot eller etylentiourea kan også tilsettes i mengder opp til ca. 2%. Fluor-esoerende midler, parfyme og farge kan tilsettes i 'små mengder selv om disse ikke er vesentlige for den foreliggende blanding. Et alkalisk material eller alkali slik som natrium-hydroksyi eller kaliumhydroksyd kan tilsettes i mindre mengder som supplerende pH-regulatorer. Som egnede tilsetning kan også nevnes: bakteriostatiske midler, natriumsulfat, natriumkarbonat og baktericider. ;Generelt tilsettes også korrosjonsinhibitorer. Loselige silikater er hoyst effektive inhibitorer og kan tilsettes til visse blandinger i mengder fra ca. 3$ til ca 8$. Alkalimetall-, fortrinnsvis kalium- eller natriumsilikater som har et forhold Si02:M20 ;på fra 1:1 til 2,8:1 kan brukes, hvor M står for natrium eller kalium. Et natriumsilikat som har et forhold av Si02:Na20 på ;ca. 1,6:1 til 2,^-5:1 er spesielt foretrukket på grunn av effekti-vitet og av okonomiske grunner. ;Folgende eksempler tjener til å illustrere de foreliggende vaskemiddelblandinger. Alle prosenter i eksemplene er vektprosenter. De nevnte enzymer er kommersielle pulverformede enzymprodukter inneholdende 6-8$ aktivt material. ;Eksempel I ;En stabil, frittstrommende vaskemiddelblanding som kan lagres under forskjellige klimatiske betingelser over lengere tidsrom, ble fremstilt ved oppslemming av de overflateaktive midler, byggersaltene, elektrolytter, karboksymetylcellulose, toluensulfonat, natriumsulfat, hvitningsmiddel og vann, deretter for-stovningstorkning av oppslemmingen, torrblanding av perboratet og ko-polymeren med de forstovningstorkede granuler og dusje parfyme på agglomeratene. Sluttblandingen besto av: 9,30$-Iineært alkylbenzensulfonat-natriumsalt (gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt av alkylbenzen 2h0- 2h5), 26,10$-natriumtripolyfosfat, ;3^O^-fettsyre (fra fiskolje), ;3,^0%-kondensasjonsprodukt av talgalkohol og 11 mol etylenoksyd ;pr. mol alkohol, ;6,20%-natriumsilikat, ;0,80%-karboksymetylcellulose, ;0,^0%-toluensulfonat (natriumsalt), ;1,50%-natriumsalt av maleinsyreanhydrid/vinylmetyleter-kopolymer (spesifikk viskositet av anhydrid 0,<1>!-), ;13,20$-natriumsulfat, ;25,00%-natriumperborattetrahydrat, ;8,00$-fuktighet, og ;2,10%-hvitningsmiddel, parfyme, ;ble grundig blandet med et enzympulver for oppnåelse av det ferdige produkt inneholdende 0,60 vektdeler "Alcalase". ;Etter åtte ukers lagring ved 37°C og 80$ relativ fuktighet hadde produktets frittstrommende egenskaper og farge ikke forandret seg og det var ikke nevneverdig tap i enzymaktiviteten. ;Andre egnede produkter er: ;Eksempel II ;25,00%-natriumkokosnbttalkoholsulfat, ;25,00%-natriumtripolyfosfat, ;1,00%-enzymprodukt \ ;1,00$-karboksymetylcellulose, ;3,6o$-natriumtoluensulfat, ;2,00$-natriumsalt av maleinsyreanhydrid/vinylmetyleter, 27,00$-natriumsulfat, ;2,00$-natriumklorid, ;2,90$-forskjellig, og ;7, 50%-fuktighet. ;"Alcalase", hvis "monsanto DA-10" ( k- 0% aktiv protease) erstatter ;<*>"Alcalase" på lik vektbasis, oppnås lignende resultater med unntagelse av storre enzymaktivitet. The specific viscosity of the maleic anhydride/vinyl methyl ether copolymer used was 0.<*>+ and the ratio between the monomers was 1:1. The viscosity of the maleic anhydride/ethylene copolymer was 2 cP, and the ratio between the monomers 1:1. ;Experiment A_ ;Enzyme activity ;Eight detergent mixtures (A I-IV and B I-IV) were stored for four weeks at room temperature. Each mixture was then dissolved in water (concentration 1.5% by weight), heated to and held at -0°C. Determination of lost enzyme activity in the eight mixtures was done by the casein UV method and gave the following results: No significant loss for IA, 13, HIA and III3, 55% for HA and over 20% for HB, a few percent for IVB, but over 93$ for IVA. ;F0RS0KJ3 ;His staining ;The mixtures IB and HB and a similar mixture containing neither sodium perborate tetrahydrate nor copolymer were stored for two weeks at 38°C in an atmosphere with 80% humidity. Then discoloration of each mixture was measured with a "Hunterlab D25" color differentiometer (Hunter Ass. Laboratory Inc., Virginia, USA) and with a "white standard ceramic tile" as a reference. ;The difference ;;(where L ;denotes the lightness and varies from 100 for perfect white to zero ;for black, a denotes redness when positive, grayness when zero and greenness when minus, and b denotes yellowness when plus, grayness when zero and blueness when minus), revealed a change A E of 2.0 for the comparison sample, an A e = 2j2 for product IB, and a £± e = 11.8 for product HB. Or a dark unwanted yellowness arose because the difference ^ e =11.8 was mainly washed away ;/\ b in product HB. ;Try C. ;Free flow but. improved flow properties and reduced stickiness for a granular or powdered detergent mixture can best be determined by the "slide test" and by the compression and firmness test. 1. In the "slide sample" spread approx. 1,000 ml of each mixture evenly in a curved trough open at both ends (depth of layer in the middle: Ga. h cm). By lowering one end of the chute, the main mass of the granules will slide off at a certain angle, which thereby indicates the degree of flowability of the granules. The average angle for a very good free-flowing granular mixture is 38°, while an average of hh° or more suggests an unacceptable product. 2. The "compression method" requires a cylinder (diameter: length = 1:3) which is filled with the granules and lightly beaten to settle the granules. The granules are compressed with a piston of approximately the same diameter as the inner diameter of the cylinder and which has the same load in each trial. The change in the height of each granule soil is measured after 5 minutes (compression). The compression is measured as a percentage based on the original height. 0 percent compression indicates a perfect granular mix and over 12% indicates an unacceptable mix. 3. The "cake firmness test" is carried out on the same mixtures that were used in the compression test, whereby the granule bubble compressed during the compression test is released from the piston and cylinder, and the force required to crush the bubble is measured (cake firmness). Cake firmness graded from 0 to 7>0 is considered perfect, i.e. strong granules that do not stick together, while 7.0 is unacceptable. Four granular detergent mixtures IA, IB, HA and HB stored for four weeks at 38°C and 80% humidity were tested according to the methods described above. The results are shown in table I. According to table I, mixtures HA and HB are unacceptable, while mixtures IA and IB are graded from very satisfactory (compression) to good (sliding) to very good (cake firmness). From these sliding, compression and cake firmness tests it is also clear that the cleaning capacity of a detergent mixture can be improved. The amount of surfactant that can be incorporated into a free-flowing granular or powdery mixture is limited by the stickiness and concentration of the surfactant. With the present mixtures, the stickiness of a given detergent mixture can be reduced considerably. Consequently, the concentration of surfactant in a granular or powdered mixture can be increased without affecting the flowability of the mixture. ;When other sticky materials must be present in the detergent mixture, e.g. a non-ionic suds suppressant, it is possible to incorporate said tacky material without lowering the surfactant concentration and still achieve an acceptable free-flowing detergent mixture. The present mixtures can be prepared by dry mixing of the various components or by slurrying the components followed by drying. ;The mixtures can be produced in batches or continuously. The copolymer is preferably added to the slurry in its salt, ester or amide form, but can also be added in the anhydride form. In the latter case, the anhydride must be converted to its salt, ester or amide form in the slurry by adding the necessary alkali metals, alcohols or amines. However, it is not preferred to form the amide, ester or salt derivative of the copolymer during the slurry because this method requires extensive and close control of the temperature, humidity and pH of the slurry to avoid side reactions that may change the shape or properties of the finished mixture. During the preparation of the present mixtures, the salt, ester or amide derivative of the copolymer will reduce the viscosity of the slurry. This means that less energy is required for thorough mixing of the slurry, or that the capacity of the device in which the slurry is prepared increases. Because of the aforementioned viscosity reduction, the blowing speed in the solidification tower, when the slurry is used for solidification, will also be able to be reduced. Suitable enzymes for use in the present compositions are those which are active in the pH range from h to 12, preferably from 7 to 11, and in a temperature range from 10° to 85°C, preferably from 25° to 75°C .. ;The suitable enzymes can be grouped into five main classes: ;I. Such as catalyze the addition or removal of water, thereby removing dirt, especially of the protein type: 1. Hydrolyzing enzymes, such as hydrolases, e.g. proteases, carbohydrases and nucleases. ;2. Hydrating enzymes, e.g. hydrases. II. Such as catalyze the oxidation or reduction of a substrate, cleave oxidizable or reducible dirt, the oxyreductases, e.g. alcohol dehydrogenases, xanthine oxidases, amino acid oxidases. III. Those that transfer a radical from one radical to another, or transferases, e.g. trans-glycodidases, trans-phosphorylases and trans-phosphomutases, transaminases, trans-methylases and transacetylases. IV. Such as cleave or form bonds without group transfer lining, e.g. ligases and lyases, and V. Those that isomerize or chemically change a dirt such as lipid or carbohydrate dirt: isomerases, e.g. racemases and epimerases, cis-trans isomerases, intramolecular transferases and oxyreductases. In a few cases, a single enzyme may be a better fit than one of those mentioned above. ;In summary, it should be mentioned that the hydrases, hydrolases, oxyreductases and desmolases break down dirt to remove it or make it easier to remove. The transferases and isomerases change the dirt, so that it becomes easier to remove. Of these classes, the hydrolases and especially the proteases, esterases, carbohydrases and nucleases are preferred with the proteases having the widest range of dirt breaking capacity. Mixtures of the enzymes can be used if desired. Particular examples of proteases suitable for the present use are pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, collagenase, keratinase, elastase, subtilisin, papain, bromelain, carboxypeptidase A and B, aminopeptidase, aspergillopeptidase A and aspergillopeptidase B. Preferred proteases are serine- proteases that are active in the neutral to alkaline pH range, and one that is produced from micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi or moulds. The serine proteases produced by mammalian systems, e.g. pancreatin, are applicable in acidic situations. Special examples of the esterases are gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, plant lipases, phosphorlipases, cholinesterases and phosphatases. ;Special examples of carbohydrases are maltase, sucrase, ;amylases, cellulase, pectinase, lysozyme, α-glycosidase and B-glycosidase. Two special examples of nucleases are ribonucleases and deoxyribonucleases. The enzyme products used are generally obtained and stored in dry powder form. They can be mixed as such with components forming the detergent mixture, or adsorbed on a carrier together with non-ionic compounds, or slurried in water. The dry powder form is easiest to handle and more stable than enzymes in aqueous suspension. ;The commercial powdered enzyme products are. generally dry powdered products consisting of 2 to 80% active enzymes combined with an inert powdered carrier, such as sodium or calcium sulfate or sodium chloride, clay or starch as the remaining 98-20$. Active enzyme content in a commercial product is a result of the manufacturing method and is not critical in the present case as long as the cleaning agent products have the desired enzyme activity. Many of these commercial products contain the preferred proteases as active enzyme product. In most cases, a subtilisin makes up the majority of the proteases. Other examples of hydrolase that are generally contained in commercial products are lipases, carbohydrases, esterases and nucleases. "CRD Protease" (also known as "Monsanto DA-10") is a useful powdered enzyme product. "CRD Protease" is said to be produced by mutation of a Bacillus subtilis organism. It includes approx. 80$ neutral protease and 20$ alkaline protease. The neutral protease has a molecular weight of approx. M+,000 and contains from 1 to 2 atoms of zinc per molecule. The particle size varies mainly from 0.03 microns to 0.1 mm. "CRD Protease" can be used in an aqueous system that has a pH varying from approx. 5A to approx. 8,9. It can be produced with varying active enzyme content from 20 to 75$. The presence of CaC^ in the enzyme powder increases the pH range at which the enzyme can be used. This enzyme can be used in the present mixtures with excellent results in washing solutions at temperatures varying from approx. 10°C to approx. 66°C, and at lower pH suitable for pre-washing (bubble laying) or higher pH for cleaning purposes. "Pronase-P", "Pronase-AS" and "Pronase-AF" are powdered enzyme products that can also be used with advantage in the present mixtures. These enzymes are produced from culture broth for Streptomyces griseus, which is used for the production of streptomycin. They are isolated by successive resin column treatment. The main component of pronase is a neutral protease called Streptomyces griseus protease. This enzyme product contains a calcium stabilizing salt and is quite stable over a wide pH range, e.g. h to 10, and over a temperature range from 1-0° to 66°C. Another enzyme product which is preferably used in the present detergent compositions, including several of the examples, is a proteolytic enzyme, a serine protease, and which is sold under the name "Alcalase". "Alcalase" is described as a proteolytic enzyme preparation produced by submerged fermentation of a special species of Bacillus subtilis. The primary enzyme component of "Alcalase" is subtil.isin. In addition to proteolytic activity, "Alcalase" exhibits other unusual forms of enzyme activity. "Alcalase" is a fine, greyish powder that has a crystalline, active enzyme content of approx. 6$ and a particle size varying from 1.2 mm to 0.01 mm and smaller, with about 75$ passing through a 100 mesh Taylor sieve. The rest of the powder is made up mainly of sodium chloride, calcium sulphate and various inert organic fillers. "Alcalase" has exceptionally stable properties in solutions. For example, "Alcalase" can withstand a pH of 9 at relatively high temperatures, e.g. 66-77°C, for a shorter time. At <1>+9°C the activity of "Alcalase" is actually unchanged after 2h hours when kept at this pH. "Alcalase" can be advantageously used together with soap and the available detergent mixtures. The particular enzyme product selected for use in the present compositions depends on the conditions of the final use, including the pH of the carrier, the pH of the product, use pll, use temperature and types of dirt to be degraded or changed. The enzyme can be selected to achieve optimal activity and/or stability for any conditions of use. ;The powdered enzyme product can be attached to a granular carrier in the mixture, so that it is provided from approx. 0.001 to approx. 3$> preferably from 0.01 to 1.5$ pure enzyme calculated on the total weight of the enzyme powder and the carrier. When the carrier with the enzyme powder is uniformly mixed with the detergent granules to form the compositions, the enzyme product concentration usually ranges from 0.01 to 5%, preferably from 0.1 to 3% of the detergent composition. If the inert substances in commercial powdered enzyme products are taken into account, the amount of the enzyme products (enzyme + inert substance) attached to the granular carrier can vary up to +0$, preferably 20$ of the total weight of the enzyme products plus carrier. The enzyme products can also be dissolved in water and sprinkled on the finished detergent mixture or on one or more of the aforementioned components, providing from 0.01 to approx. 5$, preferably 0.1-3$; of the total detergent mixture. The water-soluble surfactant used in the present compositions is soap and anionic, non-ionic, ampholytic and zwitterionic detergents and mixtures thereof. These suitable surfactants are listed below. (a) Water-insoluble soap: The sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolammonium (eg triethanolammonium) salts of higher fatty acids with from 10 to 22 carbon atoms. ;(p) Anionic, synthetic, non-soap detergent: a preferred class can be generally described as the water-insoluble salts, especially the alkali metal salts of organosulfur reaction products which have in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and a sulphonic acid -ei.i.is sulfuric acid ester radical, (included in the term alkyl is the alkyl part of higher acyl radicals). Preferred are sodium and potassium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfation of higher alcohols (Cg-Cj g carbon atoms) and sodium or potassium C^_^ ^-alkylbenzene sulfonates, sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and -sulfonates, sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g. tallow or coconut oil alcohols), and 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide, the sodium or potassium salts of alkylphenol-ethylene oxide ether sulfate with 1 to 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, the reaction product of fatty acids esterified with isothionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, as well as others known in the field. ;(c) Non-ionic synthetic detergents; generally defined as compounds prepared by condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkylaromatic in nature. Preferred classes of non-ionic, synthetic cleaning agents are as follows: (1) Compounds formed by condensation of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base which is formed by condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol, where the hydrophobic part of the molecule has a molecular weight of from approx. . 1,500 to 1,800, while the polyoxyethylene content is approx. 50% of the condensation product's total weight. (2) Polyoxyethylene condensates of C 8 -g alkylphenols with ethylene oxide, the ethylene oxide being present in amounts of from 5 to ;25 mol of ethylene oxide per mol of alkylphenol. (3) Nonionic, synthetic cleaning agents derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide with ethylenediamine. For example compounds containing from 0 to 80 percent by weight of polyoxyethylene, and having molecular weights from 5,000 to 11,000, resulting from the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a hydrophobic base formed by the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide, a base having a molecular weight of the order of magnitude 2,500 to 3,000 is satisfactory. (h) The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols with from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide, e.g. a coconut alcohol/ethylene oxide condensate with from 5 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide per moles of coconut alcohol, the coconut alcohol fraction having from 10 to <1> i+ carbon atoms. (5) Monoethanol and diethanolamides of fatty acids with an acy proportion of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms. (6) Long-chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the following general formula: in which R <1> is an alkyl radical with from approx. 8 to 2h carbon atoms, R 2 and RJ 3 are each methyl, ethyl or hydroxyl radicals, R is ethylene and n is 0 or an integer up to 10. The arrow in the formula is a common indication of a semipolar bond. . Specific examples of amine oxide scavengers include: dimethyldodecylamine oxide and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)3-d o d e e y 1 -1 - h i d r o x y p r o p y 1 a m i n o x y d. (7) Long-chain tertiary phosphinoxys corresponding to. following general formula RR'R"P—^0, where R is an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical varying from 10 to 2^4 carbon atoms in the chain ring, and R' and R" are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups with from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. ;The arrow in the formula is a common indication of a semipolar bond. Examples of suitable phosphine oxides can be found in British patent no. 995»260 and include dimethyl dodecyl phosphine oxide, diethyl dodecyl phosphine oxide and dimethyl 2-hydroxydodecyl phosphine oxide. (8) Long-chain sulfoxides with the formula: where R-e^ r is an alkyl radical with from 10 to 28 carbon atoms, from 0 to 5 ether bonds and from 0 to 2 hydroxyl substituents, with at least one part of R^ being an alkyl radical which containing no ether linkages and containing from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and R 1 is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and from 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups. Special examples of these sulphoxides are: 3-netoxy-tridecylmethyl sulphoxide and 3-bydroxy-<1>+-dodecoxybutyl-methyl sulphoxide. (d) Ampholytic synthetic detergents can generally be described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, in which one of the aliphatic substituents contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-dissolving group, e.g. carboxy, sulfo, sulfate, phosphate or phosphon. Examples of compounds that fall within this definition are sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate and sodium 3-dodecylaminopropanesulfonate. (e) Zwitterionic synthetic detergents can generally be described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and sulphonium compounds, in which one of the aliphatic substituents contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy, sulfo, sulfate, phosphate or phosphon. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonium)-propane-1-sulfonate and 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonium)-2-hydroxy propane-1 - ;sulfonate which are particularly preferred because of their excellent cleaning properties in cold water. ;See e.g. British Patent No. 987,795. Suitable water-soluble inorganic building salts are alkali metal phosphates, polyphosphates, carbonates, borates, bicarbonates and silicates (an ammonium or substituted ammonium salt can also be used) or mixtures thereof. Special examples of such inorganic salts are sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate and the corresponding potassium salts, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium sesquicarbonate and sodium mono- and di-orthophosphate. Examples of suitable organic, water-insoluble building salts are alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium polycarboxylates, e.g. sodium and potassium ethylene diamine tetraacetates or nitriloacetates, and sodium or potassium lower alkyl diphosphonates such as trisodium ethylene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate. Examples of suitable hydrogen peroxide addition compounds are perborates, e.g. sodium perborate mono- and tetrahydrate, further potassium perborate 2KB0^ , R^jO, carbonate perhydrates, e.g. 2Na9C0^. HpC^ and f osf atperoxy hydrates, preferably 'natri.impy rof osf atperoxy hydrate Nal+P20r7.2H2O2. The most suitable organic hydrogen peroxide addition compound is urea peroxide COOffl^^. H^C^. In a finished detergent mixture, smaller amounts of materials will often be added to make the mixture more attractive. The following are mentioned as examples. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose can be added in smaller quantities to prevent dirt from settling on the textiles again. A bleaching inhibitor such as benzotriazote or ethylenethiourea can also be added in amounts up to approx. 2%. Fluorine-emitting agents, perfume and color can be added in small amounts even if these are not essential to the present mixture. An alkaline material or alkali such as sodium hydroxy or potassium hydroxide can be added in smaller amounts as supplementary pH regulators. Suitable additives can also be mentioned: bacteriostatic agents, sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate and bactericides. ;Generally, corrosion inhibitors are also added. Soluble silicates are highly effective inhibitors and can be added to certain mixtures in amounts from approx. 3$ to about 8$. Alkali metal, preferably potassium or sodium silicates having a ratio of SiO 2 :M 2 O of from 1:1 to 2.8:1 can be used, where M stands for sodium or potassium. A sodium silicate which has a ratio of Si02:Na20 of approx. 1.6:1 to 2.5-5:1 is particularly preferred for efficiency and economic reasons. The following examples serve to illustrate the present detergent compositions. All percentages in the examples are percentages by weight. The mentioned enzymes are commercial powdered enzyme products containing 6-8% active material. ;Example I ;A stable, free-flowing detergent mixture which can be stored under various climatic conditions for longer periods of time was prepared by slurrying the surfactants, building salts, electrolytes, carboxymethyl cellulose, toluenesulfonate, sodium sulphate, bleach and water, then spray-drying the slurry, dry mixing of the perborate and the copolymer with the spray-dried granules and shower perfume on the agglomerates. The final mixture consisted of: 9.30$-Iineary alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium salt (average molecular weight of alkylbenzene 2h0-2h5), 26.10$-sodium tripolyphosphate, ;3^O^-fatty acid (from fish oil), ;3.^0% condensation product of tallow alcohol and 11 mol ethylene oxide; per mol alcohol, ;6.20%-sodium silicate, ;0.80%-carboxymethyl cellulose, ;0.^0%-toluenesulfonate (sodium salt), ;1.50%-sodium salt of maleic anhydride/vinyl methyl ether copolymer (specific viscosity of anhydride 0 ,<1>!-), ;13.20$-sodium sulfate, ;25.00%-sodium perborate tetrahydrate, ;8.00$-moisture, and ;2.10%-whitening agent, perfume, ;were thoroughly mixed with an enzyme powder to obtain the finished product containing 0.60 parts by weight of "Alcalase". After eight weeks of storage at 37°C and 80$ relative humidity, the product's free-flowing properties and color had not changed and there was no significant loss in enzyme activity. ;Other suitable products are: ;Example II ;25.00%-sodium coconut alcohol sulfate, ;25.00%-sodium tripolyphosphate, ;1.00%-enzyme product \ ;1.00$-carboxymethyl cellulose, ;3.6o$-sodium toluene sulfate, ; $2.00-Sodium Salt of Maleic Anhydride/Vinyl Methyl Ether, $27.00-Sodium Sulfate, ;2.00$-Sodium Chloride, ;2.90$-Miscellaneous, and ;7, 50%-Moisture.;"Alcalase", if " monsanto DA-10" (k- 0% active protease) replaces ;<*>"Alcalase" on an equal weight basis, similar results are obtained with the exception of greater enzyme activity.
Eksempel III Example III
Ko-polymeren kan erstattes med natriumsaltet av maleinsyreanhydridetylen- eller med etanolamidderivatet av maleinsyreanhydrid/ vinylmetyle ter-ko-polymeren. The copolymer can be replaced with the sodium salt of maleic anhydride ethylene or with the ethanolamide derivative of the maleic anhydride/vinylmethyl ter-copolymer.
Eksempel I_ V Example I_ V
Eksempel _V Example _V
Elis_ejii<p>_el VI Elis_ejii<p>_el VI
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR6900346A FR2029123A5 (en) | 1969-01-10 | 1969-01-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO130013B true NO130013B (en) | 1974-06-24 |
NO130013C NO130013C (en) | 1979-05-23 |
Family
ID=9027747
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO7044A NO130013C (en) | 1969-01-10 | 1970-01-07 | GRANULAS OR POWDER-SHAPED, RICE-WASHABLE DETERGENT MIXTURE |
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US (1) | US3655568A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS4820402B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT305475B (en) |
BE (1) | BE744225A (en) |
CA (1) | CA945922A (en) |
CH (1) | CH555402A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2000790A1 (en) |
DK (2) | DK132037C (en) |
ES (1) | ES375248A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI51713C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2029123A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1280802A (en) |
IE (1) | IE33936B1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL148934B (en) |
NO (1) | NO130013C (en) |
SE (1) | SE349057B (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3950277A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1976-04-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Laundry pre-soak compositions |
LU68380A1 (en) * | 1973-09-07 | 1975-05-21 | ||
US4473485A (en) * | 1982-11-05 | 1984-09-25 | Lever Brothers Company | Free-flowing detergent powders |
US5612305A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1997-03-18 | Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation | Mixed surfactant systems for low foam applications |
JP2002513071A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-08 | ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー | Laundry detergent and / or fabric protection composition comprising transferase |
CN1232625C (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2005-12-21 | 水株式会社 | Method of laundering clothes and detergent composition thereof |
US8389460B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2013-03-05 | Miz Co., Ltd. | Clothes washing method and surfactant-free detergent composition used for the same |
US7828907B2 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2010-11-09 | Ecolab Inc. | Detergent component for preventing precipitation of water hardness and providing soil removal properties |
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US2702277A (en) * | 1955-02-15 | Detergent composition | ||
DE697945C (en) * | 1934-11-11 | 1940-10-28 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Method for washing textiles |
DE1617188A1 (en) * | 1966-04-25 | 1971-02-25 | Procter & Gamble | Detergents containing enzymes and a method for pasting enzymes onto detergent compositions |
DE1617190A1 (en) * | 1966-04-25 | 1971-02-18 | Procter & Gamble Europ | Coarse detergent containing enzymes |
US3485762A (en) * | 1966-05-24 | 1969-12-23 | Sinclair Research Inc | Laundry detergents containing ammonium salt of styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer and non-ionic,hydroxyl-containing surfactant |
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0
- DK DK132037D patent/DK132037A/da unknown
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1969
- 1969-01-10 FR FR6900346A patent/FR2029123A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1969-12-11 IE IE1660/69A patent/IE33936B1/en unknown
-
1970
- 1970-01-02 SE SE00005/70A patent/SE349057B/xx unknown
- 1970-01-02 FI FI700005A patent/FI51713C/en active
- 1970-01-03 ES ES375248A patent/ES375248A1/en not_active Expired
- 1970-01-05 US US797A patent/US3655568A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-01-06 DK DK3370A patent/DK132037C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-01-07 CA CA071,598A patent/CA945922A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-01-07 NO NO7044A patent/NO130013C/en unknown
- 1970-01-08 NL NL707000234A patent/NL148934B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-01-09 CH CH26170A patent/CH555402A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-01-09 AT AT18970A patent/AT305475B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-01-09 GB GB0181/70A patent/GB1280802A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-01-09 BE BE744225D patent/BE744225A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-01-09 DE DE19702000790 patent/DE2000790A1/en active Pending
- 1970-01-10 JP JP45003155A patent/JPS4820402B1/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT305475B (en) | 1973-02-26 |
IE33936L (en) | 1970-07-10 |
US3655568A (en) | 1972-04-11 |
NO130013C (en) | 1979-05-23 |
DK132037B (en) | 1975-10-13 |
BE744225A (en) | 1970-07-09 |
DK132037C (en) | 1981-02-23 |
ES375248A1 (en) | 1972-04-16 |
DK132037A (en) | |
IE33936B1 (en) | 1974-12-11 |
FR2029123A5 (en) | 1970-10-16 |
GB1280802A (en) | 1972-07-05 |
CH555402A (en) | 1974-10-31 |
JPS4820402B1 (en) | 1973-06-21 |
NL148934B (en) | 1976-03-15 |
NL7000234A (en) | 1970-07-14 |
SE349057B (en) | 1972-09-18 |
FI51713B (en) | 1976-11-30 |
FI51713C (en) | 1977-03-10 |
DE2000790A1 (en) | 1971-04-08 |
CA945922A (en) | 1974-04-23 |
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