NO129286B - - Google Patents
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- NO129286B NO129286B NO123470A NO123470A NO129286B NO 129286 B NO129286 B NO 129286B NO 123470 A NO123470 A NO 123470A NO 123470 A NO123470 A NO 123470A NO 129286 B NO129286 B NO 129286B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- phthalcyanine
- catalyst
- alkaline
- regeneration
- solution
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SSC1=CC=CC=C1 GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- -1 methanol and ethanol Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOCHFZBWPCLPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2-thiol Chemical compound CCC(C)S LOCHFZBWPCLPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical class [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/20—Stud welding
- B23K9/207—Features related to studs
- B23K9/208—Ferrules, e.g. for confining molten material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding Control (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til regenerering av alkaliske reagenser som har vært anvendt til fjernelse av sure bestanddeler fra organiske forbindelser, særlig hydrokarbonforbindelser. Process for the regeneration of alkaline reagents which have been used for the removal of acidic components from organic compounds, in particular hydrocarbon compounds.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår regenerering av brukte alkalireagenser og mere The present invention relates to the regeneration of used alkali reagents and more
spesielt en fremgangsmåte til å regenerere especially a method to regenerate
alkaliske reagenser som har vært anvendt alkaline reagents that have been used
til behandling av kullvannstoffholdige eller for the treatment of coal hydrogen-containing or
andre organiske materialer for fjernelse av other organic materials for the removal of
sure bestanddeler, spesielt svovelholdige acidic components, especially sulphurous ones
forurensninger. pollutants.
Kullvannstoffraksjoner og andre organiske materialer som inneholder svovelforbindelser eller andre sure forurensninger behandles ofte med et alkalisk reagens for å fjerne forurensningene. Nartiumhy-droxyd og kaliumhydroxyd er typiske eksempler på slike reagenser. Det alkaliske Hydrocarbon fractions and other organic materials containing sulfur compounds or other acidic contaminants are often treated with an alkaline reagent to remove the contaminants. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are typical examples of such reagents. The alkaline
reagens blir vanligvis benyttet i form av reagent is usually used in the form of
en vandig oppløsning i konsentrasjoner på an aqueous solution in concentrations of
fra ca. 5 til ca. 50 vektsprosent, og even-tuelt anvendes oppløsningsmidler som from approx. 5 to approx. 50% by weight, and possibly solvents such as
f. eks. alkoholer, såsom metanol og etanol, e.g. alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol,
fenoler, kresoler og smørsyre for å øke phenols, cresols and butyric acid to increase
effektiviteten av reaksjonen mellom de the efficiency of the reaction between them
sure bestanddeler og det alkaliske reagens. acidic components and the alkaline reagent.
De alkaliske oppløsninger egner seg Alkaline solutions are suitable
spesielt til rensning av kullvannstoffraksjoner og spesielt for sure bensiner innbe-fattende krakkede bensiner, direkte destil-lerte bensiner eller blandinger derav, nafta, jet-drivstoffer, kerosen, aromatiske especially for the purification of coal hydrogen fractions and especially for acidic gasolines including cracked gasolines, directly distilled gasolines or mixtures thereof, naphtha, jet fuels, kerosene, aromatic
oppløsningsmidler, ovnsolje, brennerolje og solvents, furnace oil, burner oil and
lignende («range oil») samt destillat-fyr-ingsolje. Andre kullvannstof f reaksjoner similar ("range oil") as well as distillate fuel oil. Other carbon hydrogen f reactions
som kan behandles på lignende måte innbefatter smøreoljer og gassoljer såvelsom which can be treated in a similar manner include lubricating oils and gas oils as well as
normalt gassformige fraksjoner. Dertil kan normally gaseous fractions. In addition, can
andre organiske materialer inneholdende other organic materials containing
sure forurensninger behandles på denne acidic pollutants are treated on this
måte, f. eks. alkoholer, ketoner og alde-hyder. way, e.g. alcohols, ketones and aldehydes.
Etter at det kullvannstoffholdige eller annet organisk materiale har vært i kontakt med det alkaliske reagens, og de sure bestanddeler har reagert med og/eller er blitt absorbert i det alkaliske reagens, blir den behandlede fraksjon skilt fra den alkaliske oppløsning. Denne blir så regenerert for å fjerne sure bestanddeler og således reaktivere det alkaliske reagens for videre anvendelse i prosessen. After the hydrocarbon-containing or other organic material has been in contact with the alkaline reagent, and the acidic components have reacted with and/or been absorbed in the alkaline reagent, the treated fraction is separated from the alkaline solution. This is then regenerated to remove acidic components and thus reactivate the alkaline reagent for further use in the process.
Regenereringen av denne brukte alkaliske oppløsning kan utføres ved tilførsel av damp ved høy temperatur eller ved en oxydasjonsbehandling som omfatter at den brukte oppløsning bringes i kontakt med luft eller annen gass inneholdende fritt oxygen. Anvendelsen av høye temperaturer er imidlertid ikke å anbefale på grunn av at den bevirker betydelig ødeleggelse på apparaturen. På den annen side har regenerering med luft ikke vist seg tilfredsstillende da man ikke oppnår effektiv regenerering. Noget bedre regenerering med luft har vært oppnådd ved oxydasjon av den brukte alkaliske oppløsning i nærvær av forskjellige katalysatorer, men disse meto-der har også vært lite tilfredsstillende på grunn av mere eller mindre hurtig spalt-ning av katalysatorene. The regeneration of this used alkaline solution can be carried out by supplying steam at a high temperature or by an oxidation treatment which includes bringing the used solution into contact with air or another gas containing free oxygen. However, the use of high temperatures is not recommended because it causes significant damage to the apparatus. On the other hand, regeneration with air has not proven to be satisfactory as effective regeneration is not achieved. Somewhat better regeneration with air has been achieved by oxidation of the used alkaline solution in the presence of various catalysts, but these methods have also been unsatisfactory due to more or less rapid decomposition of the catalysts.
Oppfinnelsen er basert på den opp-dagelse at ftalcyanin-katalysatorer er av overlegen stabilitet ved oxydasjon av brukt alkalisk reagens. Det er tidligere kjent å anvende visse metall-ftal-cyaniner, som katalysatorer til andre formål enn dem oppfinnelsen omfatter, (A. H. Cook, J. Chem. Soc. 1938, 1761—1768). Foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffer en fremgangsmåte til regenerering av alkaliske reagenser som har vært anvendt til behandling av organiske forbindelser, særlig hydrokarbonforbindelser, for å fjerne sure bestanddeler ved å oxydere det alkaliske reagens i nærvær av en katalysator, og det karakteris-tiske hovedtrekk ved oppfinnelsen er at man som katalysator bruker en ftalcyanin-katalysator. Man har funnet at både de metallfrie ftalcyaniner og metall-ftalcyaninene er effektive katalysatorer ved denne prosess skjønt de sistnevnte foretrekkes i alminnelighet. The invention is based on the discovery that phthalcyanine catalysts are of superior stability in the oxidation of used alkaline reagent. It is previously known to use certain metal phthal-cyanines as catalysts for purposes other than those covered by the invention (A. H. Cook, J. Chem. Soc. 1938, 1761-1768). The present invention provides a method for regenerating alkaline reagents that have been used for the treatment of organic compounds, in particular hydrocarbon compounds, to remove acidic components by oxidizing the alkaline reagent in the presence of a catalyst, and the characteristic main feature of the invention is that a phthalcyanine catalyst is used as a catalyst. It has been found that both the metal-free phthalcyanines and the metal phthalcyanines are effective catalysts in this process, although the latter are generally preferred.
Spesielt foretrukne metall-ftalcyaniner innbefatter koboltftalcyanin, mangan-ftalcyanin og vanadiumftalcyanin. Andre metall-ftalcyaniner innbefatter cyaninfor-bindelsene av metallene jern, kobber, mag-nesium, sink, titan, hafnium, torium, tinn, bly, columbium, tantal, antimon, vismut, krom, molybden, nikkel, palladium, platina, sølv og kvikksølv. Nevnte ftalcyaniner kan variere noe med hensyn til effektivitet. Hvilket som helst metall-ftalcyanin kan anvendes alene eller i blanding med andre metall-ftalcyaniner. Particularly preferred metal phthalcyanines include cobalt phthalcyanine, manganese phthalcyanine and vanadium phthalcyanine. Other metal phthalcyanines include the cyanine compounds of the metals iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, titanium, hafnium, thorium, tin, lead, columbium, tantalum, antimony, bismuth, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, palladium, platinum, silver and Mercury. Said phthalcyanines may vary somewhat in terms of effectiveness. Any metal phthalcyanine can be used alone or in admixture with other metal phthalcyanines.
I alminnelighet er ftalcyaninforbin-delsene som sådanne ikke lett oppløselige i vandige alkaliske oppløsninger, og man foretrekker derfor å bruke derivater derav. En spesielt hensiktsmessig fremgangsmåte til å øke oppløseligheten for ftalcyaninene er å fremstille sulfonerte derivater. Disse kan fremstilles på hvilken som helst egnet måte. Eksempelvis fremstilles sulfonatet av jern-ftalcyanin ved at man omsetter jern-ftalcyanin med 20 % rykende svovelsyre. I noen tilfelle er metall-ftalcyaniner til-gjengelige på markedet, f. eks. kobberftalcyaninsulfonat. In general, the phthalcyanine compounds as such are not easily soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions, and it is therefore preferred to use derivatives thereof. A particularly suitable method for increasing the solubility of the phthalcyanines is to prepare sulphonated derivatives. These may be produced in any suitable manner. For example, the sulphonate is produced from iron phthalcyanine by reacting iron phthalcyanine with 20% fuming sulfuric acid. In some cases, metal phthalcyanines are available on the market, e.g. copper phthalcyanine sulfonate.
Skjønt sulfonsyrederivatene foretrekkes, vil det forståes at andre egnede derivater også kan anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen. Eksempelvis kan de karboxylerte derivater anvendes. En fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av disse derivater er ved om-setning av trikloreddiksyre eller fosgen og aluminiumklorid med metall-ftalcyaniner. I sistnevnte reaksjon dannes syrekloridet som overføres til det ønskede karboxylerte derivat ved konvensjonell hydrolyse. Although the sulphonic acid derivatives are preferred, it will be understood that other suitable derivatives can also be used according to the invention. For example, the carboxylated derivatives can be used. One method for producing these derivatives is by reacting trichloroacetic acid or phosgene and aluminum chloride with metal phthalcyanines. In the latter reaction, the acid chloride is formed which is transferred to the desired carboxylated derivative by conventional hydrolysis.
Skjønt ftalcyaninforbindelsen kan anvendes som sådan, kan den fordelaktig anvendes i forbindelse med en fast bærer, hvilket ofte også gjøres. I noen tilfelle kan bæreren også øve en katalytisk virkning, og i slike tilfelle er den samlede virkning vanligvis større enn virkningen av hvilken Although the phthalcyanine compound can be used as such, it can advantageously be used in connection with a solid carrier, which is often also done. In some cases the carrier may also exert a catalytic effect, and in such cases the overall effect is usually greater than the effect of which
som helst bestanddel alene. I andre tilfelle tjener bæreren bare til å dispergere den any component alone. In other cases, the carrier only serves to disperse it
aktive bestanddel og til å øke den tilgjen-gelige overflate. Som det vil fremgå av active ingredient and to increase the available surface. As will be seen
nedenstående eksempler er retortekull The examples below are retort coal
spesielt fordelaktig som bærer. Egnede ty-per av retortekull innbefatter benkull, tre-kull og retortekull fremstilt fra kokosnøtter eller andre nøttehus eller frukthus. especially advantageous as a carrier. Suitable types of retort charcoal include bone charcoal, wood charcoal and retort charcoal made from coconuts or other nut hulls or fruit hulls.
Ftalcyaninforbindelsen kan blandes med bærere på vanlig måte. En metode går ut på at ftalcyaninet oppløses i et egnet oppløsningsmiddel, hvoretter den faste bærer suspenderes eller på annen måte innblandes. Ved en annen metode blir en oppløsning av ftalcyaninet sprøytet på den faste bærer. Et foretrukket oppløsnings-middel for dette formål omfatter en alko-hol, spesielt metanol. Andre egnede opp-løsningsmidler innbefatter etanol, propa-nol, butanol, aceton, metyletylketon, di-metyleter og dietyleter. The phthalicyanine compound can be mixed with carriers in the usual way. One method involves dissolving the phthalcyanine in a suitable solvent, after which the solid carrier is suspended or otherwise mixed in. In another method, a solution of the phthalcyanine is sprayed onto the solid support. A preferred solvent for this purpose comprises an alcohol, especially methanol. Other suitable solvents include ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethyl ether and diethyl ether.
Regenereringen av det brukte alkaliske reagens kan utføres enten chargevis eller kontinuerlig. Ved kontinuerlig drift, f. eks., blir det brukte alkaliske reagens og luft, oxygen eller annet oxydasjonsmiddel kontinuerlig tilført en regenereringssone som inneholder ftalcyaninkatalysatoren eller til hvilken katalysatoren tilsettes. Den mengde katalysator som anvendes i regener-ingssonen kan variere i betydelig grad av-hengig av det spesielle alkaliske reagens og de sure forurensninger og kan ligge i området fra ca. 0,0001 % til 20 % eller mere av det alkaliske reagens. Regenereringen kan utføres ved romtemperatur eller ved en høyere temperatur som vanligvis ikke overstiger ca. 95° C. Ved regereringen får den alkaliske oppløsning i det vesentlige tilbake den opprinnelige sammensetning. ' Ved regenereringen blir f. eks. merkaptider oxydert til disulfider. De disulfider som dannes eller som er tilstede ved regenereringen kan fjernes ved avskumning eller ved ekstraksjon, idet reagenset bringes i kontakt med et egnet oppløsningsmiddel, såsom nafta. En annen hensiktsmessig fremgangsmåte er å la disulfidene oppløses i det kullvannstoffmateriale eller annet organisk materiale som bringes i kontakt med det regenererte alkaliske reagens. Den regenererte alkaliske oppløsning uttas fra re-genereringssonen og returneres fortrinnsvis kontinuerlig eller intermittent til be-handlingssonen for videre anvendelse ved rensningen av kulvannstoff-destillatet. Nærvær av rester av bærer i kullvannstoff-destillatet kan være skadelig. Når ftalcyaninet anvendes i forbindelse med en bærer, blir den regenererte alkaliske oppløsning derfor fortrinnsvis filtrert eller på annen måte behandlet for å sikre at den er fri for bærer-partikler. Ved en annen regener-ingsmetode blir den brukte alkaliske opp-løsning ledet over et fast skikt av bærer-materiale, f. eks. koks, inneholdende katalysatoren. Når katalysatoren anvendes i oppløselig form, f. eks. som et ftalcyanin-disulfonat, kan dette oppløses i det alkaliske reagens i en konsentrasjon innenfor området 0,0001—5 vektprosent, og simpelt-hen bibeholdes i oppløsning mens reagenset sirkulerer gjennom både kullvannstof f-behandlings- og regenereringstrinnene. The regeneration of the used alkaline reagent can be carried out either batchwise or continuously. In continuous operation, for example, the spent alkaline reagent and air, oxygen or other oxidizing agent are continuously supplied to a regeneration zone containing the phthalcyanine catalyst or to which the catalyst is added. The amount of catalyst used in the regeneration zone can vary to a considerable extent depending on the particular alkaline reagent and the acidic contaminants and can range from approx. 0.0001% to 20% or more of the alkaline reagent. The regeneration can be carried out at room temperature or at a higher temperature which usually does not exceed approx. 95° C. During the curing, the alkaline solution essentially regains its original composition. During the regeneration, e.g. mercaptides oxidized to disulfides. The disulphides which are formed or which are present during the regeneration can be removed by skimming or by extraction, the reagent being brought into contact with a suitable solvent, such as naphtha. Another convenient method is to allow the disulfides to dissolve in the coal hydrogen material or other organic material which is brought into contact with the regenerated alkaline reagent. The regenerated alkaline solution is withdrawn from the regeneration zone and preferably returned continuously or intermittently to the treatment zone for further use in the purification of the hydrocarbon distillate. The presence of carrier residues in the coal hydrogen distillate can be harmful. When the phthalcyanine is used in conjunction with a carrier, the regenerated alkaline solution is therefore preferably filtered or otherwise treated to ensure that it is free of carrier particles. In another regeneration method, the used alkaline solution is passed over a solid layer of carrier material, e.g. coke, containing the catalyst. When the catalyst is used in soluble form, e.g. as a phthalcyanine disulfonate, this can be dissolved in the alkaline reagent at a concentration within the range of 0.0001-5 weight percent, and simply retained in solution while the reagent circulates through both the coal hydrogen treatment and regeneration steps.
En viktig fordel ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er at metall-ftalcyanin-forbindelsene er usedvanlig stabile under regenereringen og ikke avgir metallet i en form i hvilken det kunne overføres til kullvannstoff-destillatet ved kontakt med den regenererte alkaliske oppløsning. Disse metalliske bestanddeler virker til, endog når de er tilstede i meget lave konsentrasjoner i kullvannstoffene, katalytisk å påskynde «gum»-dannelse, og derfor er det av stor betydning å unngå overføring av metalliske bestanddeler til et kullvannstoff-destillat, såsom bensin. I denne henseende er de metalliske ftalcyaniner ifølge oppfinnelsen betydelig fordelaktigere enn de metalliske chelater som hittil har vært foreslått til anvendelse ved regenerering av alkaliske oppløsninger og hvilke som kjent spaltes så at der avgis metalliske bestanddeler. An important advantage of the method according to the invention is that the metal-phthalcyanine compounds are exceptionally stable during the regeneration and do not release the metal in a form in which it could be transferred to the carbon hydrogen distillate upon contact with the regenerated alkaline solution. These metallic constituents, even when present in very low concentrations in the coal hydrogens, act catalytically to accelerate "gum" formation, and therefore it is of great importance to avoid transfer of metallic constituents to a coal hydrogen distillate, such as gasoline. In this respect, the metallic phthalcyanines according to the invention are considerably more advantageous than the metallic chelates which have hitherto been proposed for use in the regeneration of alkaline solutions and which are known to decompose so that metallic constituents are released.
Regenereringstrinnet kan forbedres ved tilsetning av en væske som ikke er blandbar med etsalkaliet men istand til å oppløse visse organiske disulfider. Særlig mineraloljefraksjoner inneholder ofte tiofenol som opptas i den alkaliske oppløs-ning. Oxydasjonen av tiofenol på overfla-ten av den faste katalysator resulterer i dannelse av difenyldisulfid, et fast stoff som okkluderer katalysatoren og ødelegger dens aktivitet. Tilsetning av en liten mengde kullvannstoff til etsalkaliet under regenereringen med luft vil oppløse difenyldi-sulfidet og gjøre katalysatoren aktiv igjen. Når den regenererte alkaliske oppløsning er klaret, dekanteres oljen. The regeneration step can be improved by the addition of a liquid which is not miscible with the caustic alkali but is able to dissolve certain organic disulphides. Mineral oil fractions in particular often contain thiophenol which is taken up in the alkaline solution. The oxidation of thiophenol on the surface of the solid catalyst results in the formation of diphenyl disulphide, a solid which occludes the catalyst and destroys its activity. Addition of a small amount of carbon hydrogen to the caustic alkali during the regeneration with air will dissolve the diphenyl disulfide and make the catalyst active again. When the regenerated alkaline solution is clarified, the oil is decanted.
Følgende eksempler vil ytterligere be-lyse oppfinnelsen. The following examples will further illustrate the invention.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
Disse forsøk ble utført med n-butylmerkaptan og 5 %'s vandig oppløsning av kaliumhydroxyd. Væskeformig n-butylmerkaptan ble blandet med 5 %'s vandig kaliumhydroxyd. Konsentrasjonen av merkaptan ble bestemt i de opprinnelige såvelsom i de behandlede oppløsninger ved titrering med sølvnitrat-oppløsning. I dette eksempel var konsentrasjonen av merkaptan (beregnet som -SH) ca. 0,4 vektprosent av den alkaliske oppløsning. Den i dette eksempel anvendte ftalcyaninforbindelse var kobberftalcyanindisulfonat og ble benyttet i en konsentrasjon på 0,01 mol pr. liter kaliumhydroxydoppløsning. These experiments were carried out with n-butyl mercaptan and 5% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. Liquid n-butyl mercaptan was mixed with 5% aqueous potassium hydroxide. The concentration of mercaptan was determined in the original as well as in the treated solutions by titration with silver nitrate solution. In this example, the concentration of mercaptan (calculated as -SH) was approx. 0.4% by weight of the alkaline solution. The phthalcyanine compound used in this example was copper phthalcyanine disulfonate and was used in a concentration of 0.01 mol per liter of potassium hydroxide solution.
Den alkaliske oppløsning inneholdende merkaptan og ftalcyaninforbindelse såvelsom en kontrollprøve av den alkaliske opp-løsning og merkaptan som ikke inneholdt ftalcyaninforbindelsen, ble hver for seg kraftig omrørt i friluft. Det innhold av merkaptan som var tilbake i hver oppløs-ning ble bestemt som beskrevet ovenfor etter nærmere angitte kontakteringstider og vil finnes i følgende tabell: The alkaline solution containing mercaptan and phthalcyanine compound, as well as a control sample of the alkaline solution and mercaptan which did not contain phthalcyanine compound, were each vigorously stirred in open air. The content of mercaptan that remained in each solution was determined as described above after specified contact times and can be found in the following table:
Det fremgår av ovenstående tabell at den oppløsning som var regenerert med ftalcyaninforbindelse inneholdt bare 4 % av det opprinnelige merkaptan etter 30 minutter, mens den prøve som ikke inneholdt metallftalcyaninforbindelsen ennu hadde et innhold på 65 % av det opprinnelige merkaptan. Dette illustrerer den høye effektivitet ved oxydasjon av merkaptan i den alkaliske oppløsning. It appears from the above table that the solution regenerated with phthalcyanine compound contained only 4% of the original mercaptan after 30 minutes, while the sample which did not contain the metal phthalcyanine compound still had a content of 65% of the original mercaptan. This illustrates the high efficiency of mercaptan oxidation in the alkaline solution.
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
Forsøkene i dette eksempel ble utført hovedsakelig som beskrevet i eksempel 1, men med unntagelse av at det anvendte alkaliske reagens var en 30 %'s oppløsning The experiments in this example were carried out essentially as described in example 1, but with the exception that the alkaline reagent used was a 30% solution
av kaliumhydroxyd. Resultatene er angitt i nedenstående tabell. of potassium hydroxide. The results are shown in the table below.
Igjen vil det sees at ftalcyaninforbindelsen (kobberftalcyaninsulfonat) i betydelig grad virket til å påskynde oxydasjonen av merkaptanet. Again, it will be seen that the phthalcyanine compound (copper phthalcyanine sulphonate) acted to a considerable extent to accelerate the oxidation of the mercaptan.
Eksempel 3: Ftalcyaninforbindelsen i dette eksempel er jernftalcyanin i forbindelse med en bærer bestående av kommersielt retortekull. Forsøkene ble utført på hovedsakelig samme måte som i eksempel 1 med unntagelse av at katalysatoren ble utprøvet i fire forskjellige oppløsninger som alle inneholdt forskjellige sure svovelforbindelser. Disse forbindelser var n-butylmerkaptan, sek-butylmerkaptan, tiofenol og svovel-vannstoff. Forsøksoppløsningene ble tilbe-redt ved tilsetning av svovelforbindelsene til 200 ml vandig KOH (5—12 %). Katalysatoren inneholdt 0,02 % jernftalcyanin på retortekull og ble fremstillet ved inndampning av en 0,1 %'s oppløsning av jern-ftalcyanin i metanol sammen med en pas-sende mengde retortekull på et vannbad. Katalysatoren tilsattes den alkaliske opp-løsning i en konsentrasjon på 0,1 vektprosent, hvilket tilsvarer 0,2 deler Fe pr. million deler oppløsning. Resultatene av disse forsøk er gjengitt i nedenstående tabell ut-trykt som prosent gjenværende merkaptan etter de angitte tider: Example 3: The phthalcyanine compound in this example is iron phthalcyanine in connection with a carrier consisting of commercial retort coal. The tests were carried out in essentially the same way as in example 1, with the exception that the catalyst was tested in four different solutions, all of which contained different acidic sulfur compounds. These compounds were n-butyl mercaptan, sec-butyl mercaptan, thiophenol and sulphur-hydrogen. The test solutions were prepared by adding the sulfur compounds to 200 ml of aqueous KOH (5-12%). The catalyst contained 0.02% iron phthalcyanine on retort carbon and was prepared by evaporating a 0.1% solution of iron phthalcyanine in methanol together with an appropriate amount of retort carbon on a water bath. The catalyst was added to the alkaline solution in a concentration of 0.1% by weight, which corresponds to 0.2 parts of Fe per parts per million resolution. The results of these tests are reproduced in the table below expressed as a percentage of remaining mercaptan after the indicated times:
Av disse data fremgår klart at der ble oppnådd betydelige nedsettelser i mengden av gjenværende svovelforbindelser i de regenererte kaliumhydroxydoppløsninger ved anvendelse av jern-ftalcyaninkatalysator. It is clear from these data that significant reductions were achieved in the amount of remaining sulfur compounds in the regenerated potassium hydroxide solutions by using iron-phthalcyanine catalyst.
Eksempel 4: Example 4:
Dette eksempel angår virkningen av kommersielt koboltftalcyanindisulfonat som katalysator ved regenerering av 10 %'s natriumhydroxydoppløsninger inneholdende forskjellige svovelforbindelser. Oppløs-ningene som alle inneholdt 200 ml og hvis konsentrasjoner av svovelforbindelse og katalysator er angitt i nedenstående tabell, ble kraftig omrørt i nærvær av luft ved This example relates to the action of commercial cobalt phthalcyanine disulfonate as a catalyst in the regeneration of 10% sodium hydroxide solutions containing various sulfur compounds. The solutions, all of which contained 200 ml and whose concentrations of sulfur compound and catalyst are indicated in the table below, were vigorously stirred in the presence of air at
25° C, som i de foregående eksempler. De 25° C, as in the previous examples. The
katalyserte oppløsninger sammenlignes med kontrolloppløsningene ved den prosent merkaptan som er tilbake etter de i tabel-len angitte tider: catalyzed solutions are compared with the control solutions by the percentage of mercaptan that remains after the times indicated in the table:
Eksempel 5: Example 5:
I dette eksempel sammenlignes virkningen av koboltftalcyanin og en kjent katalysator, koboltdisalicylaletylendiamin, ved regenerering av en 10 %'s oppløsning av natriumhydroxyd inneholdende 0,2 vektprosent n-butylmerkaptan. Katalysatorene ble først sammenlignet med hensyn til stabilitet etter at de var oppløst i den alkaliske oppløsning. Koboltftalcyaninet ble funnet å være lett oppløselig i natrium-hydroxydoppløsningen i en konsentrasjon 50 deler pr. million og uten dannelse av bunnfall. Når koboltdisalicylaletylendiami-net ble tilsatt den 10 %'s natriumhydroxyd-oppløsning inneholdende 0,2 vektprosent n-butylmerkaptan, erholdtes et rødt bunnfall som ved analyse ble funnet å inne-holde kobolt. Samme bunnfall ble dannet når merkaptanet tilsattes oppløsningen eltter at katalysatoren var oppløst. Det fremgår således at metall-ftalcyaninet hadde den høyeste stabilitet. In this example, the action of cobalt phthalcyanine and a known catalyst, cobalt disalylylethylenediamine, is compared in the regeneration of a 10% solution of sodium hydroxide containing 0.2% by weight of n-butyl mercaptan. The catalysts were first compared for stability after they were dissolved in the alkaline solution. The cobalt phthalcyanine was found to be readily soluble in the sodium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 50 parts per million and without the formation of sediment. When the cobalt disalylylethylenediamine was added to the 10% sodium hydroxide solution containing 0.2% by weight of n-butyl mercaptan, a red precipitate was obtained which was found by analysis to contain cobalt. The same precipitate was formed when the mercaptan was added to the solution after the catalyst had dissolved. It thus appears that the metal phthalcyanine had the highest stability.
Hver av disse forbindelser ble tilsatt i en konsentrasjon på 50 deler pr. million i særskilte porsjoner av den 10 %'s natrium-hydroxydoppløsning inneholdende 0,12 vektprosent n-butylmerkaptan, og hver oppløsning ble derpå bragt i intim kontakt med luft ved romtemperatur. Prøven inneholdende koboltftalcyanin ble søt (fri for merkaptansvovel) etter fire minutter. Prø-ven inneholdende koboltdisalicylaletylendiamin behøvet over 140 minutter for å bli søt. Det fremgår herav at metallftalcya-nin-katalysatoren også var overlegen med hensyn til katalytiske egenskaper. Each of these compounds was added at a concentration of 50 parts per million in separate portions of the 10% sodium hydroxide solution containing 0.12% by weight n-butyl mercaptan, and each solution was then brought into intimate contact with air at room temperature. The sample containing cobalt phthalcyanine became sweet (mercaptan sulfur free) after four minutes. The sample containing cobalt disalylylethylenediamine required over 140 minutes to become sweet. It appears from this that the metal phthalcyanine catalyst was also superior in terms of catalytic properties.
Eksempel 6: Example 6:
I dette eksempel utprøvdes en kobolt-ftalcyaninkatalysator og en ikke metall-holdig ftalcyanin-katalysator. Sistnevnte katalysator ble fremstillet ved oppløsning av et kommersielt metallfritt ftalcyanin-pulver i metanol, tilsetning av retortekull til blandingen og inndampning for utfel-ning av ftalcyaninet på kullet. Der an-vendtes mengder i slike forhold at den endelige katalysator inneholdt 2,2 vektprosent ftalcyanin. På samme måte frem-stiltes en særskilt katalysator inneholdende 2,5 vektprosent koboltftalcyanin på retortekull. Disse katalysatorer tilsattes forskjellige 200 ml's porsjoner av den 10%'s natriumhydroxydoppløsning i slike mengder at ftalcyaninets konsentrasjon ble 250 deler pr. million deler oppløsning. Hver oppløsning ble derpå rystet ved romtemperatur med 500 ml av et jet-drivstoff inneholdende 0,049 vektprosent merkaptansvovel, idet prøver med mellomrom ble ut-tatt for analyse. Resultatene var som føl-ger: In this example, a cobalt-phthalcyanine catalyst and a non-metal-containing phthalcyanine catalyst were tested. The latter catalyst was prepared by dissolving a commercial metal-free phthalcyanine powder in methanol, adding retort coal to the mixture and evaporating to precipitate the phthalcyanine on the coal. Quantities were used in such proportions that the final catalyst contained 2.2% by weight of phthalcyanine. In the same way, a special catalyst containing 2.5% by weight of cobalt phthalcyanine on retort coal was produced. These catalysts were added to different 200 ml portions of the 10% sodium hydroxide solution in such amounts that the phthalcyanine's concentration was 250 parts per parts per million resolution. Each solution was then shaken at room temperature with 500 ml of a jet fuel containing 0.049 weight percent mercaptan sulphur, samples being taken at intervals for analysis. The results were as follows:
En kontrollprøve som ble utført på lignende måte, men uten katalysator, oppviste A control test carried out in a similar manner, but without catalyst, showed
i det vesentlige ingen nedsettelse i mer-kaptaninnholdet. essentially no reduction in the mer-captan content.
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AT300511B (en) | 1972-07-25 |
YU71770A (en) | 1975-06-30 |
GB1311125A (en) | 1973-03-21 |
DE2014189A1 (en) | 1970-10-29 |
FR2042868A5 (en) | 1971-02-12 |
IL34083A (en) | 1975-04-25 |
CH525058A (en) | 1972-07-15 |
BE748413A (en) | 1970-09-16 |
JPS5011858B1 (en) | 1975-05-07 |
DE2014189B2 (en) | 1971-11-11 |
NL7004857A (en) | 1970-10-06 |
GB1311124A (en) | 1973-03-21 |
ES378974A1 (en) | 1972-08-01 |
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